EP2361235A1 - Corps assemblé avec un ciment durci macroporeux - Google Patents
Corps assemblé avec un ciment durci macroporeuxInfo
- Publication number
- EP2361235A1 EP2361235A1 EP09756842A EP09756842A EP2361235A1 EP 2361235 A1 EP2361235 A1 EP 2361235A1 EP 09756842 A EP09756842 A EP 09756842A EP 09756842 A EP09756842 A EP 09756842A EP 2361235 A1 EP2361235 A1 EP 2361235A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- body according
- microns
- blocks
- cement
- macropores
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 6
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
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- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940072049 amyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous amyl acetate Natural products CCCCCOC(C)=O PGMYKACGEOXYJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPKYZIPODULRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound N.OC(=O)C=C WPKYZIPODULRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002902 bimodal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical class [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000416 hydrocolloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011499 joint compound Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium stearate Chemical class [Mg+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O HQKMJHAJHXVSDF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- ALIFPGGMJDWMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenyldiazenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NN=NC1=CC=CC=C1 ALIFPGGMJDWMJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/10—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/0006—Honeycomb structures
- C04B38/0016—Honeycomb structures assembled from subunits
- C04B38/0019—Honeycomb structures assembled from subunits characterised by the material used for joining separate subunits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
- B01D46/2429—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material of the honeycomb walls or cells
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
- B01D46/2448—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material of the adhesive layers, i.e. joints between segments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
- B01D46/24491—Porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/24—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies
- B01D46/2403—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using rigid hollow filter bodies characterised by the physical shape or structure of the filtering element
- B01D46/2418—Honeycomb filters
- B01D46/2425—Honeycomb filters characterized by parameters related to the physical properties of the honeycomb structure material
- B01D46/24492—Pore diameter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
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- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to an assembled ceramic body, especially for the filtration of exhaust gas from a motor vehicle, said assembled body comprising a plurality of blocks secured by means of a seal interposed between said blocks.
- the exhaust gas of a motor vehicle can be purified by means of a particle filter such as that shown in Figures 1 and 2, known from the prior art.
- a particle filter such as that shown in Figures 1 and 2, known from the prior art.
- Identical references have been used in the various figures to designate identical or similar members.
- a particle filter 1 is shown in FIG. 1 in cross-section, along the sectional plane BB shown in FIG. 2, and in FIG. 2 in longitudinal section along the sectional plane AA shown in FIG. particulate filter 1 conventionally comprises at least one filter body 3, of length L, inserted into a metal casing 5.
- the filter body 3 may be monolithic. To improve its thermomechanical resistance, in particular during the regeneration phases, it has nevertheless proved advantageous that it results from the assembly and machining of a plurality of filter blocks 1 1, referenced 1 1 a-1 1 i. It is then called filter body "assembled".
- a ceramic material cordierite, silicon carbide, etc.
- the extruded porous structure conventionally has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped extending between two upstream faces 12 and downstream 13 substantially square on which open a plurality of channels 14 adjacent, rectilinear, and parallel.
- porous honeycomb structures having channels of variable section depending on the channel in question.
- These so-called “asymmetrical” structures generally offer a large storage volume and limit the pressure drop across the filter.
- the extruded porous structures are alternately plugged on the upstream face 12 or on the downstream face 13 by upstream 15s and downstream 15e plugs, respectively, as is well known, to form channels of "outlet channel” 14s types. and "input channels” 14th, respectively.
- the output 14s and input 14e channels open outward through 19s outlet openings and input 19e, respectively, extending on the downstream faces 13 and upstream 12, respectively.
- the inlet 14e and exit 14s channels thus define interior spaces 20e and 20s delimited by a side wall 22e and 22s, a closure cap 15e and 15s, and an opening 19s or 19e opening outwards, respectively .
- Two input channels 14e and 14s adjacent output are in fluid communication by the common part of their side walls 22e and 22s.
- the filter blocks thus manufactured rectangular parallelepipedic, each have four planar outer faces extending from the upstream face 12 to the downstream face 13.
- joint faces facing exterior faces, hereinafter called “joint faces”, are bonded by means of seals 27 1-12 in a ceramic cement generally made of silica and / or silicon carbide and / or of aluminum nitride.
- cement grouting also called “ceramic seal layer” in English, in particular discloses a hardened cement comprising 30 to 60% by weight of silicon carbide.
- Silicon carbide has a high thermal conductivity advantageously to quickly homogenize the temperature within the filter body. Silicon carbide, however, has a relatively high coefficient of expansion. The silicon carbide content of this type of cured cement must therefore be limited to ensure a thermomechanical resistance adapted to the application to particle filters.
- a peripheral coating 27 ' also called “coating” is also applied so as to cover substantially the entire lateral surface of the filter body.
- a cylindrical filter body 3 of longitudinal axis CC which can be inserted into the casing 5, a peripheral material 28, impervious to the exhaust gases, being arranged between the outer filter blocks 1 1a-1 1h or, if necessary, between the coating 27 'and the casing 5.
- the hardened cement used for the joints 27- I-12 may possibly be used to manufacture the peripheral coating 27'. It must then have sufficient mechanical strength to resist insertion into the envelope, or "canning".
- the flow F of the exhaust gases enters the filter body 3 through the openings 19e of the inlet channels 14e, passes through the filtering side walls of these channels to join the channels exit 14s, then escapes to the outside through the openings 19s.
- a seal must be gas-tight to force them through the filter walls separating the inlet and outlet channels.
- the filter body 3 After a period of use, the particles, or "soot", accumulated in the channels of the filter body 3 increase the pressure drop due to the filter body 3 and thus impair the performance of the engine. For this reason, the filter body must be regenerated regularly, for example every 500 kilometers. Regeneration, or "declogging”, consists of oxidizing the soot. To do this, it is necessary to heat them to a temperature that allows them to ignite. The inhomogeneity of the temperatures within the filter body 3 and the possible differences in the nature of the materials used for the filter blocks 11a-11i and the joints 27- I-12 can then generate high thermomechanical stresses. The joint cement must be able to withstand thermomechanical stresses during regeneration.
- EP 1 142 619 discloses an assembled filter body using a cured cement with low thermal conductivity, the use of a conductive cured cement being considered detrimental to adhesion and thermal resistance.
- EP 1 479 882 discloses an assembled filter body and recommends a parameterization taking into account the coefficients of thermal expansion of the seal and the filter blocks.
- the seal's porosity level can be controlled by the addition of a foaming agent or a resin.
- EP 1 437 168 deals with the thermal heterogeneity between the periphery and the central part of the filter and recommends a hardened cement and filter blocks having particular thermal conductivities and densities.
- EP 1 447 535 proposes to also take into account the joint thickness and the thickness of the outer wall of the filter blocks.
- FR 2 902 424 discloses a hardened cement comprising silicon carbide (SiC) and hollow spheres, at least 80% by number of said hollow spheres having a size between 5 and 150 microns.
- FR 2 902 423 discloses a hardened cement having a silicon carbide (SiC) content of between 30 and 90% and a thermosetting resin.
- SiC silicon carbide
- An object of the present invention is to satisfy this need.
- this object is achieved by means of an assembled ceramic body, in particular an assembled filter body, comprising blocks secured to one another by means of a seal, the side surface of the ceramic body being coated with a peripheral coating, the seal and / or the peripheral coating preferably comprising a hardened cement, said hardened cement, in particular the hardened cement of said seal , having, in a plane of section perpendicular to at least one of the faces facing the blocks assembled by said joint, pores having an equivalent diameter of between 200 microns and 40 mm (hereinafter referred to as "macropores”), in a quantity such that, in said sectional plane, the total area occupied by said macropores represents more than 15%, preferably more than 20%, and preferably less than 80%, preferably less than %, more preferably less than 50% of the total surface observed (surface between the pores, surface of said macropores and surface of other pores).
- macroropores pores having an equivalent diameter of between 200 microns and 40 mm
- said gasket may extend between two facing faces and substantially parallel, preferably substantially planar.
- said hardened cement has good adhesiveness and leads to an assembled ceramic body having good mechanical strength, particularly in an application to the filtration of motor vehicle exhaust gases.
- the blocks can in particular be porous blocks, and in particular filter blocks for filtration of motor vehicle exhaust gases.
- the hardened cement is particularly well suited for assembling filter blocks having asymmetric channels.
- An assembled body according to the invention may also include one or more of the following optional features:
- the cured cement preferably comprises less than 10%, preferably less than 9.9%, preferably less than 9%, preferably less than 5%, preferably less than 3%, preferably less than 1%, preferably less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.1% of inorganic fibers, in particular ceramics, as a percentage by weight on the basis of the dry mineral matter.
- the cured cement does not include such fibers.
- the inventors have found that the performance of the hardened cement is not significantly affected by the presence of a reduced content of inorganic fibers, in particular ceramics.
- the cured cement has not undergone debinding operation. It comprises an organic fiber content greater than 0.1%, preferably greater than 2%, more preferably greater than 3% and / or less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, preferably less than 4%, in percentages by weight on the basis of the dry mineral matter.
- At least 80%, or even at least 90% or even substantially 100% by number of macropores result from an interconnection of cells of a foam.
- the pore size distribution in said section plane comprises a first mode centered on a size of between 500 microns and 5 mm and a second mode centered on a size of between 1 micron and 50 microns.
- This distribution may be such that said first and second modes are the main modes.
- said macropores have a shape such that in said section plane, the ratio between their length and their width is greater than 2.
- the macropores extend substantially parallel to the faces of the blocks between which said seal is disposed.
- the macropores extend, in said cutting plane, substantially over the entire thickness of the joint, a thickness of hardened cement of at least 50 microns being preferably disposed between said macropores and said blocks (i.e. between any one of said macropores and the nearest seal face).
- a thickness of hardened cement of at least 50 microns being preferably disposed between said macropores and said blocks (i.e. between any one of said macropores and the nearest seal face).
- more than 50%, more than 60% or even more than 80%, or even substantially 100% by number of macropores have a width less than or equal to the local joint thickness less than 100 microns.
- more than 50%, more than 60% or even more than 80%, or even substantially 100% by number of the macropores have, in said sectional plane, a width greater than 100 microns, preferably greater than 300 microns, even greater than 400 microns, more preferably still greater than 500 microns or greater than 800 microns.
- more than 50%, more than 60% or even more than 80%, or even substantially 100% by number of the macropores have, in said section plane, a length of less than or equal to 30 mm, preferably less than 15 mm. and / or greater than or equal to 500 microns, preferably greater than or equal to 1 mm, even greater than or equal to 2 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 5 mm.
- the cured cement has more than 5% inorganic hollow spheres, as a percentage of the mass of the mineral material.
- the inorganic hollow spheres are divided into the following two fractions, for a total of 100% by mass:
- the total porosity of the cured cement is greater than 10% and less than 90%, preferably greater than 30% and less than 85%.
- the cured cement comprises more than 0.05% and less than 5% of a thermosetting resin, in percentages relative to the mass of the dry mineral matter.
- the cured cement has a CaO lime content of less than 0.5%, and / or has more than 50% silicon carbide, as a percentage by weight relative to the dry mineral matter.
- Silicon carbide (SiC), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ) and silica (SiO 2 ) account for more than 85% of the dry mineral mass of hardened cement.
- Silicon carbide is present in the form of particles whose median size is less than 200 microns.
- the cured cement has, in percentage by weight relative to the dry mineral matter, at least 5% of refractory particles, in particular particles of SiC, having a size of between 0.1 and 10 microns, preferably between 0.3 and 5 microns.
- more than 50% or even more than 70% or even more than 80% by number of the macropores have, in said section plane, an equivalent diameter of between 500 microns and 5 mm.
- more than 20% or even more than 30% by number of the macropores have, in said cutting plane, an equivalent diameter of between 5 mm and 10 mm.
- more than 5%, preferably more than 10% in number of macropores have, in said section plane, an equivalent diameter greater than 10 mm.
- more than 5%, preferably more than 10% by number of the macropores are pores which have a real length and / or a real width, preferably an actual length and a real width, greater than 2 times or even greater than 3 times, or even greater than 4 times their actual thickness.
- the hardened cement has, in said section plane, pores having an equivalent diameter of between 200 ⁇ m and 20 mm so that, in said section plane, the total surface occupied by said pores represents more than 15%, preferably more than 20%, and preferably less than 80%, preferably less than 65%, more preferably less than 50% of the total area observed.
- the thickness of the seal is substantially constant.
- the filter blocks comprise nested sets of input channels and adjacent output channels, preferably substantially rectilinear and / or parallel, arranged in a honeycomb.
- the inlet and outlet channels are arranged alternately so as to form, in section, a checkerboard pattern.
- the blocks have input channels and output channels, the overall volume of said input channels being greater than that of said output channels.
- the filter blocks are porous ceramic blocks having greater than 30% or even more than 40% and / or less than 65% or even less than 50% open porosity. Said blocks are not assembled by means of a continuous joint. In other words, there are regions between these blocks which are devoid of grouting cement, these regions may in particular be occupied by air or spacers possibly not fixed on the blocks. Said blocks are assembled by means of a seal which is not adherent on the joint faces over its entire contact surface with said joint faces, or which adheres to said joint faces with a variable adhesion force in function of the area considered.
- said cured cement in particular the hardened cement of said seal, has macropores, in said quantity, whatever said section plane, perpendicular to at least one of the facing faces of the blocks assembled by said joint, considered.
- said section plane is a median and / or longitudinal median transverse plane of the joint.
- said hardened cement, in particular the hardened cement of said seal has macropores, in said quantity, in a median transverse cutting plane and / or in a median longitudinal cutting plane of the joint.
- said hardened cement, in particular the hardened cement of said seal has macropores, in said quantity, both in a median transverse cutting plane and in a median longitudinal cutting plane of the joint.
- said hardened cement of said peripheral coating has macropores, in said quantity, in a cutting plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the body, in particular at mid-length of the body, and / or in a section plane extending substantially radially (i.e. including the longitudinal axis of the body).
- the invention relates to an assembled ceramic body, in particular an assembled filter body, comprising blocks secured to one another by means of a seal, the lateral surface of the ceramic body being able to be coated.
- a peripheral coating, the seal and / or the peripheral coating comprising, preferably consisting of, a hardened cement, said hardened cement, in particular the hardened cement of said seal, having, in a median transverse cutting plane and / or in a median longitudinal section plane of the joint, preferably both in a median transverse sectional plane and in a median longitudinal sectional plane of the joint, pores having an equivalent diameter between 200 microns and 40 mm, in an amount such that, in said cutting plane (s), the total surface area occupied by said pores represents more than 15%, preferably more than 20%, and Preferably, less than 80%, preferably less than 65%, more preferably less than 50% of the total area observed.
- a ceramic body assembled according to a second main embodiment may also comprise one or more optionally optional characteristics of a ceramic body according to the first main embodiment, the characteristics relating to macropores of the first main embodiment applying said pores having an equivalent diameter of between 200 microns and 40 mm of the second main embodiment.
- preferably more than 50% by number of said pores have an equivalent diameter of between 500 microns and 5 mm in said section plane.
- the invention relates to an assembled ceramic body, in particular an assembled filter body, comprising blocks secured to one another by means of a seal, the lateral surface of the ceramic body being able to be coated.
- a peripheral coating, the seal and / or the peripheral coating preferably comprising a hardened cement having more than 5%, preferably more than 10% by number of pores, so-called "crushed pores", having a actual length and / or actual width, preferably real length and actual width, greater than 2 times, or even greater than 3 times, or even greater than 4 times their actual thickness.
- more than 50%, more than 60% or even more than 80%, or even substantially 100% by number of crushed pores have an actual length less than or equal to 30 mm, preferably less than 15 mm, and / or greater or equal to 500 microns, preferably greater than or equal to 1 mm, even greater than or equal to 2 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 5 mm.
- crushed pores Preferably more than 50%, more than 60% or even more than 80%, or even substantially 100% by number of crushed pores have an actual thickness greater than 100 microns, preferably greater than 300 microns, or even greater than 400 microns, of more preferably still, greater than 500 microns or greater than 800 microns.
- the crushed pores in particular the crushed pores of the hardened cement of said seal, preferably have an equivalent diameter of between 200 microns and 40 mm in a median transverse cutting plane and / or in a median longitudinal cutting plane of the joint, preferably both in a median transverse sectional plane and in a median longitudinal sectional plane of the joint.
- the total area occupied by said crushed pores, in particular by the crushed pores of the hardened cement of said seal represents more than 15%, preferably more than 20%, and preferably less than 80%, preferably less than 65%, more preferably less than 50% of the total area observed.
- more than 50% by number of said crushed pores have an equivalent diameter of between 500 microns and 5 mm in said cutting plane.
- the crushed pores of the hardened cement of said seal extend substantially over the entire thickness of the joint, a thickness of hardened cement from minus 50 microns being preferably disposed between said crushed pores and said blocks (i.e. between any of said crushed pores and the nearest seal face).
- a ceramic body assembled according to a third main embodiment may also comprise one or more optionally optional features of a ceramic body according to the other main embodiments, the macropore characteristics of the first main embodiment applying said crushed pores.
- the invention also relates to said hardened cement as such, regardless of the embodiment considered.
- This cement is hereinafter referred to as "hardened cement according to the invention”.
- all the joints of an assembled body according to the invention are made of a hardened cement according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to a particulate mixture and a fresh cement capable of leading to a hardened cement according to the invention.
- the invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing an assembled ceramic body, in particular an assembled filter body, comprising the following successive steps: a) preparation of a fresh cement from a feedstock; b) interposing said fresh cement between blocks to be assembled; c) hardening said fresh cement optionally with the implementation of a heat treatment, so as to obtain a cured cement according to the invention.
- the inventors have discovered several ways to obtain a sufficient amount of macropores in the hardened cement.
- a gas into the fresh cement prepared in step a), in particular by insufflation of this gas, preferably in a multitude of injection points distributed in the fresh cement.
- a fresh cement in the form of a foam is prepared in step a). The addition of a foaming agent in the starting charge is then preferable.
- blowing agent can also be advantageous.
- inorganic hollow spheres also facilitates the creation of macropores.
- the addition of the inorganic hollow spheres results from the addition of: a first hollow spherical powder representing between 60% and 80% by weight of the total of the inorganic hollow spheres and having a median size greater than 1 10 microns and less than 150 microns, and a second hollow sphere powder representing between 20% and 40% by mass of the total of the inorganic hollow spheres and having a median size greater than 35 microns and less than 55 microns.
- said first and second powders together comprise substantially 100% of the added inorganic hollow spheres.
- the blocks to be assembled are immobilized during step c).
- joint is a mass of refractory cement (s) which is continuous, that is to say uninterrupted or discontinuous, extending between two faces of joint facing two adjacent filter blocks.
- the "longitudinal" direction of an assembled filter body is defined by the general direction of the flow of the fluid to be filtered through this body.
- the longitudinal axis of a filter body or seal is the axis passing through the center of the filter body or seal and extending in the longitudinal direction.
- a “longitudinal” plane is a plane parallel to the longitudinal direction.
- a “median” longitudinal plane is a longitudinal plane extending along the thickness of the joint considered (that is to say substantially perpendicular to the general plane in which the joint extends) and including the longitudinal axis of the joint.
- a “transverse” plane is a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction.
- a “median” transverse plane is a transverse plane intersecting the joint considered substantially mid-length of this joint.
- the blocks are assembled so that the facing faces of the joint are, at least locally, substantially parallel.
- the channels typically extend parallel to each other, parallel to the side faces of the block, along the longitudinal axis of the block.
- a transverse plane is then substantially perpendicular to the facing faces of the blocks assembled by a seal ("seal faces"). Other arrangements of the channels can however be envisaged.
- FIG. 8 illustrates, in the case of a rectangular parallelepiped joint 27 with a longitudinal axis X, the location of the median transverse plane "Pt" and the median longitudinal plane "Pl".
- the "equivalent diameter" of a pore in a cutting plane of a hardened cement is the diameter of a disk whose area is equal to the opening area of this pore measured on said section of hardened cement, for example on a photograph of this section taken by an optical microscope.
- Figure 7 shows a pore P as it appears in a sectional view. In this sectional view, the pore has an area A. This area is the same as that of the disk D of diameter "d”.
- the equivalent diameter of the pore P, in this section, is therefore "d".
- the length of a pore in a section plane is its largest dimension in this section plane.
- the width of a pore in a cutting plane is its largest measured dimension, in this section plane, perpendicular to the direction of its length.
- the actual length of a pore is its largest dimension.
- the actual width of a pore is its largest dimension measured perpendicular to the direction of its actual length.
- the actual thickness of a pore is its largest dimension measured perpendicular to the directions of its actual length and actual width.
- the “equivalent diameter” of a fiber is the diameter of a disk whose surface is equal to the surface of the largest section of this fiber, perpendicular to the length of this fiber.
- a “particulate mixture” is a mixture of particles, dry or wet, able to set in mass after activation.
- the particulate mixture is said to be "activated” when in a caking process.
- the activated state conventionally results from humidification with water or other liquid.
- An activated particulate mixture is called "fresh cement”.
- Caking curing
- Caking may result from drying or, for example, curing of a resin.
- heating makes it possible to accelerate the evaporation of the water or the residual liquid after hardening.
- hardened cement The solid mass obtained by caking a fresh cement is called "hardened cement”.
- temporary is meant “removed from the product by heat treatment”.
- Sphere means a particle having a sphericity, that is to say a ratio between its smallest diameter and its largest diameter, greater than or equal to 0.75, regardless of the manner in which this sphericity was obtained.
- a sphere is called “hollow” when it has a central cavity, closed or open on the outside, the volume of which represents more than 50% of the overall external volume of the hollow sphere.
- the size of a sphere or particle is called its largest dimension.
- thermosetting resin is meant a polymer convertible into an infusible and insoluble material after heat treatment (heat, radiation) or physicochemical (catalysis, hardener). The thermosetting resins thus take their definitive form at the first cooling of the resin, the reversibility being impossible, in particular under the conditions of use and regeneration of the filter bodies used in motor vehicles.
- a “molten” product is a product obtained by a process comprising a melting of the raw materials, in particular by electrofusion, followed by solidification by cooling the molten liquid.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show schematically, in section along the plane BB and in section. following the AA plan, respectively, a filter body;
- Figures 3 to 4 show photographs of transverse and longitudinal sections, respectively, of a detail of a filter body having a joint of a hardened cement according to Example 1 described below;
- FIG. 5 represents a photograph of a cross-section of a detail of a filter body comprising a seal made of a hardened cement according to example 2 described below;
- Figure 6 shows the result of processing the photograph of Figure 5 to determine the area occupied by the macropores;
- FIG. 7 represents an image of a pore intended to illustrate the definition of an equivalent diameter;
- FIG. 8 illustrates, in the case of a rectangular parallelepiped joint, the location of the median and median longitudinal transverse planes.
- An assembled body according to the invention may be manufactured by a process comprising steps a) to c) above.
- step a) the preparation of a fresh cement according to the invention can be carried out according to conventional methods by activating a particulate mixture according to the invention.
- a particulate mixture according to the invention may in particular comprise refractory powders, organic fibers, inorganic hollow spheres, a thermosetting resin, porogenic agents, a dispersant and shaping and sintering additives.
- the particulate mixture has no other components.
- refractory powders and "inorganic hollow spheres”. Unless otherwise indicated, the characteristics of the refractory powders are therefore determined without taking into account the inorganic hollow spheres.
- All refractory powders conventionally used to make cured cements for refractory ceramic joints for assembling filter blocks can be used.
- the refractory powders may in particular be powders based on silicon carbide and / or alumina and / or zirconia and / or silica.
- the refractory powders are molten products.
- the use of sintered products is also possible.
- the refractory powders represent more than 50%, preferably more than 70% of the mass of the dry mineral matter of the particulate mixture.
- alumina and silica in percentages by weight relative to the dry mineral matter, and preferably for a total of about 100%.
- These ranges of alumina and silica facilitate the implementation and increase the mechanical strength after sintering.
- This silicon carbide range guarantees good chemical resistance, hot stiffness and thermal conductivity of the hardened cement.
- refractory powders whose median size is greater than 20 microns, preferably greater than 45 microns, more preferably greater than 60 microns and / or less than 200 microns, less than 150 microns, preferably less than 120 microns, are used. microns, more preferably less than 100 microns.
- a refractory powder is added to the particulate mixture.
- the particulate mixture comprises organic fibers which will eventually be removed during debinding.
- the amount of organic fibers in the particulate mixture is preferably greater than 0.1%, preferably greater than 2%, more preferably greater than 3% and / or less than 10%, preferably less than 5%, preferably less than 4%, in percentages by weight based on the dry mineral matter of the particulate mixture.
- the organic fibers may in particular be chosen from the group formed by synthetic organic fibers such as acrylic fibers or polyethylene fibers, and natural fibers, for example wood or cellulose fibers.
- the organic fibers are not water soluble, so that they may be present in the cured cement, before the optional heat treatment of step c).
- the organic fibers are cellulose fibers.
- the average length of the organic fibers is preferably greater than 0.03 mm, preferably greater than 0.1 mm and / or less than 20 mm, preferably less than 10 mm.
- the average equivalent diameter of the organic fibers is greater than 5 microns, preferably greater than 10 microns, more preferably greater than 20 microns, and / or less than 200 microns, preferably less than 100 microns, preferably less than 50 microns, preferably always less than 40 microns.
- the addition of organic fibers is particularly advantageous. Indeed, these fibers can be removed by heat treatment, thus leaving room for pores. It is therefore possible to easily control the pore size and their distribution within the hardened cement.
- the particulate mixture comprises more than 3%, preferably at least 5%, and / or, preferably, less than 50%, more preferably less than 30%, inorganic hollow spheres, in percentages by weight on the base of the dry mineral matter.
- the inorganic hollow spheres are spheres obtained by a process comprising a step of melting or combustion of raw materials, for example fly ash from metallurgical processes, and then, in general, a condensation step.
- the inorganic hollow spheres preferably have the following chemical composition, in percentages by weight and for a total of at least 99%: between 20 and 99% of silica (SiO 2 ) and between 1 and 80% of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), the remainder being impurities, in particular iron oxide (Fe 2 Os) or alkali or alkaline-earth metal oxides.
- Useful inorganic hollow spheres are for example sold by Enviro-spheres under the name "e-spheres". They typically include 60% silica SiO 2 and 40% Al 2 O 3 alumina and are conventionally used to improve the rheology of paints or concrete engineering, or to constitute a mineral filler in order to reduce the cost of plastic products.
- the inorganic hollow spheres have a sphericity greater than or equal to 0.8, preferably greater than or equal to 0.9. More preferably, for more than 80%, preferably more than 90% by number, the inorganic hollow spheres are closed.
- the walls of the inorganic hollow spheres are preferably dense or weakly porous. Preferably, they have a density greater than 90% of the theoretical density.
- the median size of the population of inorganic hollow spheres is greater than 80 microns, preferably greater than 100 microns and / or less than 160 microns, more preferably less than 140 microns.
- the median size of the inorganic hollow spheres is more preferably about 120 microns.
- the inorganic hollow spheres are distributed in the following two fractions, for a total of 100% by weight: a fraction representing between 60% and 80%, preferably about 70%, by mass of the inorganic hollow spheres and having a median size greater than 1 10 microns, preferably greater than
- microns 120 microns, and / or less than 150 microns, preferably less than 140 microns, preferably about 130 microns, and a fraction representing between 20% and 40%, preferably about 30% by weight of the inorganic hollow spheres and having a median size greater than 35 microns, preferably greater than 40 microns, and / or less than 55 microns, preferably less than 50 microns, preferably about 45 microns.
- the particulate mixture may also comprise more than 0.05%, preferably more than 0.1%, more preferably more than 0.2%, and / or less than 5% of a thermosetting resin, in percentages by mass. relative to the dry mineral matter.
- thermosetting resin is preferably chosen from epoxy, silicone, polyimide, phenolic and polyester resins.
- the thermosetting resin is soluble in water at room temperature.
- the thermosetting resin has a sticky character before curing. It thus facilitates the setting up of the fresh cement and its maintenance in shape before the heat treatment. It preferably has a viscosity of less than 50 Pa.s for a shear rate of 12 s -1 measured with the Haake VT550 viscometer.
- the resin may be chosen for curing at ambient temperature, for example following the addition of a catalyst, at the drying temperature or at the temperature of the heat treatment.
- thermosetting resin improves the mechanical strength of the cured cement, especially cold.
- thermosetting resin also improves the mechanical strength of the assembled body, which is useful for handling the body, and is particularly advantageous when mounted in a canning.
- the optional thermosetting resin is dissolved to reduce its viscosity, for example with water, before adding it.
- a resin catalyst may also be added to accelerate caking of the resin.
- the catalysts for example furfuryl alcohol or urea, are selected depending on the type of resin and are well known to those skilled in the art.
- a blowing agent for example selected from cellulose derivatives, acrylic particles, graphite particles and mixtures thereof, can also be incorporated in a particulate mixture according to the invention to create porosity.
- the porosity created by the addition of porogenic agents conventionally used to date is generally dispersed heterogeneously in the cement.
- the equivalent diameter of the pores due to the blowing agents is generally less than 200 microns.
- the inventors have also found that an increase in the quantity of pore-forming agents or the particle diameter of powders of pore-forming agents can lead to an increase in the diameter of the pores generated, but also leads to a drop in the mechanical properties of the seal, particularly detrimental to the handling of the assembled body.
- the addition of more than 10% of pore-forming agents in volume relative to the volume of the dry particulate mixture is therefore considered to be harmful.
- a fresh cement in the form of a foam it is preferable to add to the particulate mixture between 0.5 and 10%, in percentages by weight relative to the dry mineral matter, of a compatible foaming agent such as a soap or a derivative of a soap.
- a compatible foaming agent such as a soap or a derivative of a soap.
- a foaming agent may be added in percentages by weight relative to the dry mineral matter.
- the foaming agent is temporary.
- it is chosen from ammonium derivatives, for example an ammonium hydrogencarbonate, preferably an ammonium sulphate or an ammonium carbonate, an amyl acetate, a butyl acetate, or a diazo amino benzene.
- a gelling agent is added to the particulate mixture in percentages by weight relative to the dry mineral matter, such as a hydrocolloid of animal or vegetable origin capable of gelling in a thermoreversible manner. after foaming.
- the gelling agents there may be mentioned xanthan and carrageenan.
- More than 0.1%, more than 0.15% and / or less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, or even less than 0.8% of a gelling agent may be added in percentages by weight compared to the dry mineral matter.
- Foaming agents and gelling agents that may be used are described, for example, in FR 2,873,686 or EP 1,329,439. According to these documents, a stabilizing agent may also be added. The addition of both a foaming agent and a gelling agent increases the interconnection between the cells.
- the particulate mixture may comprise between 0.1% and 2%, preferably between 0.1% and 0.5%, preferably less than 0.5% by weight of a dispersant, in percentages by weight relative to dry mineral matter.
- the dispersant may for example be chosen from alkali metal polyphosphates or methacrylate derivatives. All known dispersants are conceivable, only ionic, for example HMPNa, only steric, for example of the sodium polymethacrylate or both ionic and steric type.
- a dispersant makes it possible to better distribute the fine particles, less than 50 microns in size, and thus promotes the mechanical strength of the hardened cement.
- the particulate mixture may also comprise one or more shaping or sintering additives conventionally used, in proportions well known to those skilled in the art.
- organic temporary binders such as resins, derivatives of cellulose or lignin, such as carboxymethylcellulose, dextrin, polyvinyl alcohols, polyethylene glycols or other chemical setting agents such as phosphoric acid or sodium silicate
- inorganic binders such as silica gels or colloidal silica
- chemical setting agents such as phosphoric acid, aluminum monophosphate, etc.
- sintering promoters such as titanium dioxide or magnesium hydroxide
- formers such as magnesium stearates or calcium stearates.
- the particulate mixture may in particular comprise between 5 and 20% of a sol of silica and / or alumina and / or zirconia, in percentages by weight relative to the mineral matter, said sol comprising 20 to 60% by weight of colloids.
- the particulate mixture does not include resin microcapsules containing a gas such as CO 2 .
- the shaping or sintering additives are incorporated in variable proportions, but small enough not to substantially modify the mass proportions of the various constituents of the hardened cement after debinding.
- the various constituents of the particulate mixture are preferably kneaded, for example in a planetary type mixer, intensive or otherwise, until homogenization.
- the particulate mixture according to the invention is dry.
- this form is not preferred, some of the above-mentioned components, especially the thermosetting resin or the dispersant, may however be added in liquid form.
- the invention also relates to such a wet particulate mixture.
- the fresh cement has a water content of less than 40% by weight percentage relative to the dry matter (mineral or not).
- the organic fibers are added after the other components, including water, have been mixed with each other.
- Gelling foaming processes that can be used for this purpose are for example described in FR 2 873 686 or EP 1 329 439.
- the powders are added while the kneader is rotating and then, if necessary, the foaming agent.
- the efficiency of intensive mixing can be modified by acting on the speed of rotation, the size and shape of the blade of the mixer and the diameter of the blade with respect to the diameter of the kneader.
- the mixing can be carried out at atmospheric pressure.
- Insufflation of a gas makes it possible to control the macroporosity in a particularly precise manner.
- the insufflation of gas in particular of air, also makes it possible to create other forms of porosity than macroporosity.
- the addition of a foaming agent also becomes advantageously optional.
- the gas injection can be carried out by means of a suitable mixer.
- the gas blowing is done in a multitude of distributed injection points in order to substantially uniformly distribute the porosity in the fresh cement.
- the gas is blown through orifices having a diameter greater than 0.05 mm and / or less than 5 mm. The diameter of the gas bubbles thus remains, generally, less than 200 microns. More preferably, the gas is blown during the mixing or homogenization phase following the addition of water.
- the injection pressure preferably constant, does not appear to be decisive.
- the choice of particle size of the particulate mixture makes it possible to adjust the structural cohesion of the foam before application for grouting.
- step b) the fresh cement is interposed between the blocks to be assembled, in particular between filter blocks, or at the periphery of an already assembled body.
- the blocks can be arbitrary. It may in particular be porous ceramic blocks having more than 30% or even more than 40% and / or less than 60% or even less than 50% open porosity and in particular filter blocks such as those described in the introduction , the ceramic body then being a filter body.
- Such blocks intended for the filtration of the particles contained in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a diesel engine, comprise nested assemblies of inlet channels and of adjacent outlet channels, preferably substantially rectilinear, arranged in honeycombs.
- the inlet and outlet channels are arranged alternately so as to form, in section, a checkerboard pattern.
- the overall volume of said input channels is greater than that of said output channels.
- the intermediate walls separating two horizontal or vertical rows of the channels may in particular have, in cross-section, a corrugated shape, for example a sinusoidal shape, as in FIGS. 3 and 6.
- the width of the a channel is substantially equal to half a period of the sinusoid.
- the blocks are of a sintered material and comprise more than 50% or more than 80% by weight of recrystallized silicon carbide SiC and / or of alumina titanate and / or mullite and / or cordierite and / or and silicon nitride and / or sintered metals.
- the fresh cement can be applied to the surface of the blocks to be assembled continuously, that is to say over the entire surface of the facing faces of the blocks.
- the fresh cement covers only a portion, between 10% and 90%, of this surface.
- the joint between two blocks is thus interrupted.
- spacers may be arranged to ensure a determined spacing between the two blocks.
- the fresh cement is applied discontinuously to form a plurality of locally-adapted seal portions so as to optimize the weakening of the thermomechanical stresses that may be generated.
- the following adaptations are possible in particular: at least two of said joint portions comprise materials differing in composition and / or structure and / or thickness; the cements of said joint portions have elastic moduli differing by a value greater than or equal to 10%; at least one of said joint portions has anisotropic elastic properties; said joint portion comprises a silica fabric impregnated with a cement; the thicknesses of at least two of said joint portions differ in a ratio of at least two; at least one of said joint portions comprises a slot; said slot opens on one of the upstream and downstream faces of said body; said slot is formed in a plane substantially parallel to the faces of said blocks assembled by said joint portion ("seal faces"); the length or depth of said slot is between 0.1 and 0.9 times the total length of said body; said slot is substantially adjacent to one side of one of said blocks; said slot is filled, at least in part
- the fresh cement can be arranged so that the cured cement obtained adheres with the same force on the two joint faces of the blocks that it binds or with a variable adhesion force in the same joint face.
- the fresh cement is applied so that the first seal face comprises at least a first strong adhesion region with the seal and a low or no adhesion region with that seal, said regions preferably being disposed respectively facing a first weak or zero adhesion region of the second seal face, and a strong adhesion region of the second face with said seal.
- the first seal face may further comprise a second strong adhesion region with the seal disposed opposite a second weak or zero adhesion region of the second seal face.
- FR 2,853,255 describes a method for making such joints. The blocks are then unified through the fresh cement.
- the amount of fresh cement is determined so that the thickness of the seal, preferably constant, is less than 4 mm, preferably less than 3 mm.
- the organic fibers are oriented substantially parallel to the faces of the blocks between which the fresh cement has been placed and creates macroporosity. It is thus possible to manufacture an assembled body according to the invention before any elimination operation of the organic fibers.
- the filter blocks are preferably held in position in order to prevent expansion of the fresh cement during curing, for example by wedging the blocks with spacers, as described for example in EP 1 435 348, and strapping of blocks so wedged.
- the filter blocks are held in position when the gelling agent is xanthan, agarose or other gelling agent acting as a thickener.
- the gelling agent is gelatin or other gelling agent under the effect of cooling.
- the swelling during drying is then limited. Hold in position is no longer essential.
- the fresh cement After being placed between the blocks, the fresh cement is dried, preferably at a temperature of between 100 ° C. and 200 ° C., preferably in air or humidity-controlled atmosphere, preferably so that the residual moisture is between 0 and 20%.
- the fresh cement in the presence of a foaming agent and a gelling agent, is dried before the end of the gelation, preferably before the start of the gelation, or even without carrying out gelation.
- a foaming agent and a gelling agent for example, it is possible to proceed with drying before the temperature has fallen below the gelation temperature.
- the drying time is between a few seconds and 10 hours, in particular depending on the size of the joint and the ceramic body assembled. Drying accelerates the polymerization of the thermosetting resin and the hardening of the organic binder. A hardened cement is thus obtained according to the invention.
- the optional heat treatment is preferably carried out under an oxidizing atmosphere, preferably at atmospheric pressure, and preferably at a temperature of between 400 ° C. and 1200 ° C.
- Debinding is carried out at a temperature leading to the elimination of the organic components.
- organic fibers may in particular still be present. Debinding at a temperature sufficient to remove these fibers thus advantageously creates porosity.
- Cooking is usually accompanied by an improvement in mechanical strength.
- the duration of the baking preferably between 1 and 20 hours of cold cold, varies depending on the materials but also the size and shape of the joints.
- the cooking can also be carried out in situ.
- the filter bodies can be installed in the motor vehicle before removal of the organic fibers, the regeneration temperature being sufficient to eliminate them.
- the combustion temperature of the cellulose fibers is about 200 ° C. while the regeneration temperature of the filtering bodies is typically about 500 ° C., or even higher.
- FIG. 3 to 5 Details of an assembled body 50 are shown in Figures 3 to 5.
- This assembled body comprises blocks 52 and 54 in honeycomb asymmetric structure. These blocks are assembled via two joint faces 55 and 56 by a seal 57 having macropores 58.
- the macropores 58 may have a relatively regular shape, resembling crushed bubbles between the joint faces, as in FIGS. 3 and 4, or be very irregular, when they result from a foaming of the fresh cement in particular, as in the case of In this figure, the macropores result from an interconnection of cells of a foam.
- the assembled body may then be machined and possibly coated with a ceramic peripheral coating, as described for example in EP 1 142 619 or EP 1 632 657.
- This peripheral coating may be manufactured from a fresh cement according to the invention.
- the assembled body can still undergo additional heat treatment consolidation, or sintering.
- the sintering temperature is preferably greater than 1000 ° C., but must not lead to degradation of the blocks.
- the total porosity of the cured cement may be greater than 10%, preferably greater than 30% and / or less than 90%, preferably less than 85%.
- the pore size distribution may be multimodal, preferably bimodal.
- the cured cement may comprise micropores, of equivalent diameter, in said section plane in which the amount of macropores, typically less than 50 microns, is evaluated.
- the pore size distribution comprises a first mode centered on a size of between 500 microns and 5 mm (macropores) and a second mode centered on a size of between 1 micron and 50 microns (micropores).
- This distribution may be such that said first and second modes are the main modes.
- micropores improves the thermomechanical resistance while increasing the thermal insulation.
- the presence of the micropores also contributes to the reduction of the density of hardened cement and therefore of the mass of the body, which is particularly advantageous for applications in which the body is a filter body embedded on a motor vehicle.
- the area of the micropores is preferably less than 20% of the total area.
- the macropores can be interconnected, for example in a foam-like structure. Such an interconnection is however not essential according to the invention.
- the macropores have an elongated shape, that is to say such as the ratio between their length and their length. width is greater than 2, the length and width being measured in said section plane in which the amount of macropores is evaluated.
- the macropores extend substantially parallel to the faces of the blocks between which the seal is disposed, as shown in FIG. preferably more than 50%, preferably more than 80% or more
- the hardened cement has a lime content (CaO) of less than 0.5% by weight percentage.
- CaO lime content
- the mechanical weakening caused by the presence of CaO is thus advantageously limited.
- the cured cement does not contain CaO, otherwise in the form of possible impurities provided by the raw materials.
- the longevity of the hardened cement, especially in the application to filter bodies is therefore increased. This improvement in resistance
- the mechanical mechanism makes it possible to limit the content of ceramic fibers, or even to dispense with ceramic fibers and / or to increase the silicon carbide content.
- Table 1 provides the composition of the starting materials of various hardened cements tested, in percentages by weight.
- Inorganic silica-alumina fibers Length ⁇ 100 mm and shot ⁇ 5%;
- SiC DPF C powder having a median diameter of about 10 microns and SiC content> 98% of Saint Gobain Materials
- Fused zirconia mullite powder supplied by Treibacher with a median diameter of about 40 microns;
- Fused zirconia mullite powder supplied by Treibacher with a median diameter of about 120 microns (reference: "FZM 0-0.15");
- SLG 75 hollow spheres about 40 microns provided by E spheres of Envirospheres;
- Cellulose organic fibers provided by Rettenmaier Arbocel grade B400 900 micron in length, with an average equivalent diameter of 20 microns, and a density of 20 to 40 g / liter;
- Dispersant powder of sodium silicate Dispersant powder of sodium Tripolyphosphate
- W53FL dispersant foaming agent based on ammonium acrylate marketed by Zschimmer Schwarz GmBH.
- the viscosity measured on the fresh cements thus obtained was typically between 5 and 20 mPa.s -1 and preferably between 10 and 13 mPa.s -1 for a shear rate of 12 s -1 measured by the viscometer. Haake VT550.
- References 1 and 2 correspond to a fibrous hardened cement according to Example 1 of EP 0 816 065 and to a hardened cement as described in FR 2 902 424.
- Examples 2 and 3 are cured foam cements which have been prepared in a kneader suitable for foaming by gas insufflation, according to the following procedure:
- foaming agent based on ammonium sulphate and kneading for 5 minutes; injection of air so as to inject a volume of 1.5 liters of air per liter of fresh cement, the speed of the mixer being reduced to 200 rpm until a homogeneous paste is obtained.
- Examples 1 to 3 are hardened cements according to the invention. Open porosity was measured by mercury porometry. Parallelepipedic filter blocks commonly used for the production of filter bodies and having the following external dimensions 35.8 * 35.8 * 75 mm 3 were assembled with fresh prepared cements. To maintain a constant joint thickness, shims or "spacers" of 1 mm thickness were arranged between the seal faces of the filter blocks to be assembled. Three filter blocks were successively assembled to each other in this manner.
- the three filter blocks were strapped to limit or even eliminate the expansion of the fresh cement during drying.
- the body consisting of three filter blocks was then air-dried at 100 ° C. for one hour.
- the body was then cooked at 1100 ° C. under air for 1 hour in order to confer sufficient cohesion for handling and machining.
- An image analysis from photos taken under an optical microscope on a cross-section of the joints allowed to measure the surface of the pores which appear as macropores and calculate the ratio of the sum of the surfaces of these macropores on the total surface observed.
- the adhesion strength of the grouting cement was measured according to the following adhesion test.
- the assembly was placed in such a way that the two peripheral filter blocks were supported, the distance between supports being 70 mm.
- the central filter block was subjected to the pressure of a punch moving to
- Table 1 shows that the cured cements according to the invention have very satisfactory adhesion properties.
- a good thermal insulation capacity is advantageous for filter bodies subjected to very severe thermomechanical stresses during spontaneous or poorly controlled regeneration phases.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0857417A FR2937971B1 (fr) | 2008-10-30 | 2008-10-30 | Corps assemble avec un ciment durci macroporeux |
PCT/IB2009/054834 WO2010049909A1 (fr) | 2008-10-30 | 2009-10-30 | Corps assemblé avec un ciment durci macroporeux |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2361235A1 true EP2361235A1 (fr) | 2011-08-31 |
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EP09756842A Withdrawn EP2361235A1 (fr) | 2008-10-30 | 2009-10-30 | Corps assemblé avec un ciment durci macroporeux |
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US (1) | US20110256379A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2361235A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2012507461A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20110081297A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102203027A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2740723A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2937971B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2011121312A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2010049909A1 (fr) |
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FR2961113B1 (fr) * | 2010-06-15 | 2012-06-08 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Filtre catalytique pour la filtration d'un gaz comprenant un ciment de joint incorporant un materiau geopolymere |
FR2987835B1 (fr) * | 2012-03-07 | 2014-03-14 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Beton auto-nivelant. |
JP5844672B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-28 | 2016-01-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
US9702490B2 (en) * | 2013-04-30 | 2017-07-11 | Corning Incorporated | Sealing method for silicon carbide parts used at high temperatures |
FR3034451B1 (fr) * | 2015-04-03 | 2017-05-05 | Constructions Mec Consultants | Element de construction pour la realisation d'un tunnel, tunnel comprenant un tel element et procedes de fabrication d'un tel element et d'un tel tunnel |
JP6825293B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2021-02-03 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 三次元造形物製造用組成物および三次元造形物の製造方法 |
CN107619226B (zh) * | 2017-10-23 | 2020-06-16 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种多孔水泥膜及其制备方法和用途 |
JP7057691B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-19 | 2022-04-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
EP3977959B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-30 | 2024-07-31 | Ivoclar Vivadent AG | Procédé de fabrication d'un corps moulé dentaire |
CN115368033B (zh) * | 2022-08-30 | 2023-07-04 | 同济大学 | 一种免煅烧矿渣水泥及其制备方法 |
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EP1719881B1 (fr) * | 2002-02-05 | 2016-12-07 | Ibiden Co., Ltd. | Filtre a nid d'abeille pour la decontamination des gaz d'echappement, matiere adhesive et de revetement, et procede d'obtention dudit filtre |
DE10343438B4 (de) * | 2003-09-15 | 2007-06-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von keramischen Partikelfiltern und keramischer Partikelfilter |
KR100608034B1 (ko) * | 2003-11-12 | 2006-08-08 | 니뽄 가이시 가부시키가이샤 | 허니컴 구조체 |
US7387829B2 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2008-06-17 | Ibiden Co., Ltd. | Honeycomb structure, porous body, pore forming material for the porous body, and methods for manufacturing the pore forming material, the porous body and the honeycomb structure |
FR2873686B1 (fr) * | 2004-07-28 | 2007-11-23 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Procede d'obtention de ceramiques poreuses |
WO2006098191A1 (fr) * | 2005-03-16 | 2006-09-21 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Structure alvéolaire |
JP4434076B2 (ja) * | 2005-05-23 | 2010-03-17 | 日本碍子株式会社 | ハニカム構造体 |
KR20080092411A (ko) * | 2006-01-18 | 2008-10-15 | 니뽄 가이시 가부시키가이샤 | 허니컴 구조체 |
FR2902424B1 (fr) * | 2006-06-19 | 2008-10-17 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Ciment de jointoiement a spheres creuses pour filtre a particules. |
ATE532760T1 (de) * | 2007-03-29 | 2011-11-15 | Ibiden Co Ltd | Wabenstruktur und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren |
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2008
- 2008-10-30 FR FR0857417A patent/FR2937971B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-10-30 EP EP09756842A patent/EP2361235A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-10-30 CN CN2009801438928A patent/CN102203027A/zh active Pending
- 2009-10-30 JP JP2011533912A patent/JP2012507461A/ja active Pending
- 2009-10-30 KR KR1020117011430A patent/KR20110081297A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2009-10-30 US US13/126,599 patent/US20110256379A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-30 RU RU2011121312/05A patent/RU2011121312A/ru unknown
- 2009-10-30 CA CA 2740723 patent/CA2740723A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-30 WO PCT/IB2009/054834 patent/WO2010049909A1/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2010049909A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2012507461A (ja) | 2012-03-29 |
US20110256379A1 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
FR2937971A1 (fr) | 2010-05-07 |
CN102203027A (zh) | 2011-09-28 |
CA2740723A1 (fr) | 2010-05-06 |
FR2937971B1 (fr) | 2011-08-26 |
KR20110081297A (ko) | 2011-07-13 |
WO2010049909A1 (fr) | 2010-05-06 |
RU2011121312A (ru) | 2012-12-10 |
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