EP2357410B1 - Verfahren und Brenner mit einer auf Ionisationsstrommessung basierenden Flammenerkennung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Brenner mit einer auf Ionisationsstrommessung basierenden Flammenerkennung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2357410B1
EP2357410B1 EP11152479.9A EP11152479A EP2357410B1 EP 2357410 B1 EP2357410 B1 EP 2357410B1 EP 11152479 A EP11152479 A EP 11152479A EP 2357410 B1 EP2357410 B1 EP 2357410B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
burner
operating state
measuring
flame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP11152479.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2357410A3 (de
EP2357410A2 (de
Inventor
Werner John
Martin Ries
Wolfgang Hesse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to PL11152479T priority Critical patent/PL2357410T3/pl
Publication of EP2357410A2 publication Critical patent/EP2357410A2/de
Publication of EP2357410A3 publication Critical patent/EP2357410A3/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/02—Starting or ignition cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2229/00—Flame sensors
    • F23N2229/12—Flame sensors with flame rectification current detecting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for ionization current based flame detection with a flame monitoring system in a burner, and a burner with a flame monitoring system.
  • flame monitoring systems are often used, which exploit the rectifier effect of the flame, which therefore operate according to the so-called ionization principle.
  • an alternating voltage is applied between two electrodes.
  • the instantaneous performance of the burner is determined by the volume that fills the flame.
  • the magnitude of the DC component therefore gives a measure of the intensity of the flame, the absence of a zero intensity flame corresponding to the detection of which must be detected reliably and promptly in order to prevent the escape of unburned gas into the burner chamber.
  • Known flame monitoring systems generally have a voltage generating unit for generating an ignition voltage for operating an ignition device of a burner and / or for generating a measuring voltage of an ionisation electrode for monitoring a flame of the burner and a measuring unit for measuring an ionization current generated by the measuring voltage.
  • the flame monitoring system may include a voltage generating unit for generating an ignition voltage for operating an igniter of a burner and a separate voltage generating unit for generating a measurement voltage of an ionization electrode Monitoring a flame of the burner have.
  • the flame monitoring system usually comprises a control unit for controlling the voltage generating unit and for evaluating measured values of the measuring unit.
  • a flame monitoring system in which a voltage generating unit is capable of generating both an ignition voltage and a measuring voltage, wherein the voltage generated by the voltage generating unit can be changed by a controlling monitoring device.
  • the voltage generating unit is designed so that the voltage generated serves as the ignition voltage when the generated voltage exceeds a Zündschwelldepth, and as a measuring voltage when the generated voltage is below the Zündschwelldepth.
  • the flame monitoring system additionally has the property that the voltage generated by the voltage generating unit can be varied via a pulse width modulated signal transmitted from the monitoring device to the voltage generating unit. This allows, for example, to reliably detect signs of wear, short circuits or bending of the ignition electrode by passing through a predetermined ignition sequence in a test mode.
  • the saturation voltage is in the range between 80 and 120 volts.
  • a method of ionization current based flame detection with a flame monitoring system in a burner having a first operating state representing a start phase of the burner and a second operating state representing a modulation operation of the burner According to the method, a first measurement voltage greater than a saturation voltage is generated to generate a first ionization current at an ionization electrode of the flame monitoring system in the first operating state of the burner and a second measurement voltage which is less than the saturation voltage to generate a second ionization current the ionization electrode of the flame monitoring system generates in the second operating state of the burner, wherein the first measurement voltage and the second measurement voltage generated by a device for generating a measurement voltage of the flame monitoring system, which is adapted to the generated measurement voltage in a voltage range, which consists of at least one voltage value above the saturation voltage and at least one voltage value below the saturation voltage is to vary, and wherein the device for generating the measurement voltage, the generated measurement voltage from the first Meßspa Change to the second measurement voltage
  • the burner Due to the ability of the device for generating a measuring voltage to vary the measuring voltage in a voltage range which consists of at least one voltage value above a saturation voltage and at least one voltage value below the saturation voltage, it is advantageously possible by means of the present method, in different operating states the burner always in the range of the best resolution, ie to operate during a start-up phase of the burner above the saturation limit (saturation voltage) and during a modulating operation of the burner below the saturation limit.
  • saturation limit saturation voltage
  • the flame monitoring system during the start-up phase of the burner and during the modulation operation of the burner always achieve optimum resolution. This means that, on the one hand, the flame can be reliably detected during the starting phase, but at the same time, surprisingly, an exact evaluation of the flame characteristics and the quality of the combustion process is possible in the modulation mode of the burner.
  • the arrangement according to the invention allows the transition between the first and second operating state of the burner and the change from the first to the second measuring voltage generated by the device for generating the measuring voltage to be matched to one another in an advantageous manner. Due to the surprising interaction between the transition from the first to the second operating state of the burner and the change from the first to the second measuring voltage, the occurrence of errors, such as a too late detection of the flame in the starting phase or an insufficient evaluation of the flame characteristics in the modulation mode, such they can occur due to incorrect selection of the measuring voltage can be effectively avoided.
  • the saturation voltage is preferably greater than 80 volts and less than 120 volts. Preferably, the saturation voltage is 100 volts.
  • the flame detection system preferably has a measuring unit which is electrically connected to the ionization electrode and detects the ionization current generated by the device for generating the measuring voltage.
  • the measuring unit detects the first ionization current in the first operating state of the burner and the second ionization current in the second operating state of the burner.
  • an air-fuel ratio of the burner in the modulation mode of the burner as a function of the second ionization current detected by the measuring unit.
  • the measuring unit preferably changes from a first measuring range to a second measuring range when the device for generating the measuring voltage changes the generated measuring voltage from the first measuring voltage to the second measuring voltage. Because of this property, both the first ionization current produced by the first measurement voltage and the second ionization current produced by the second measurement voltage, which is lower than the first ionization current, can be detected and evaluated.
  • the flame detection may further comprise a step of comparing at least one threshold value and the ionization current detected by the measuring unit.
  • the comparison of the ionization current detected by the measuring unit with at least one threshold value serves, for example, in the starting phase of the burner for the reliable detection of a flame.
  • the flame is detected when the ionization current is above a predetermined threshold, for example.
  • the flame monitoring system can be monitored for defects such as faulty ignition, gas supply interruption, or ionization electrode failure thresholds.
  • the control unit for controlling the voltage generation unit is designed to compare an ionization current detected by the measuring unit with at least one predetermined upper and / or lower threshold value and to generate an error signal if the ionization current exceeds the upper threshold value or falls below the lower threshold value.
  • the error signal can be used as a warning signal to the operator and / or to generate an emergency shutdown of the burner. Furthermore, a use of the error signal to trigger a correction, or readjustment, the quality of combustion is conceivable.
  • the at least one threshold value is preferably redetermined since the provision of the second measurement voltage, which according to the invention is less than the first measurement voltage, also generates the generated ionization current is lower.
  • the at least one threshold value is determined anew by keeping a ratio formed from the at least one threshold value and a flame resistance constant.
  • the flame resistance can be determined from the respectively generated measurement voltage and the respective detected ionization current.
  • the ionization current detected by the measuring unit can be normalized to the flame resistance and a comparison of the normalized ionization current with a constant threshold value based on the at least one threshold value can be carried out.
  • the burner preferably changes from the first operating state to the second operating state in response to an operating state signal of a control unit for controlling the flame monitoring system.
  • the operating state signal of the control unit for controlling the flame monitoring system may be a pulse width modulated signal.
  • the operating state signal of the control unit for controlling the flame monitoring system is preferably transmitted from the control unit to the device for generating the measuring voltage and the measuring unit.
  • the operating state signal of the control unit for controlling the flame monitoring system is transmitted with a control signal to the device for generating the measuring voltage and the measuring voltage is modulated so that it has information about the operating state of the burner.
  • the device for generating the measurement voltage preferably changes the measurement voltage from the first measurement voltage to the second measurement voltage in response to the operating state signal of the control unit.
  • a safety time between a start of the burner and the switching to the second operating state is further adjustable. In this way it can be ensured that the transition to the second operating state takes place only when the flame has stabilized.
  • a burner having a flame monitoring system comprising an ionization electrode and a measurement voltage generating means for ionization current detection based flame detection.
  • the burner has a first operating state, which represents a start phase of the burner, and a second operating state, which represents a modulation operation of the burner.
  • the measurement voltage generating device includes means for generating a first measurement voltage that is greater than a saturation voltage, for generating a first ionization current at an ionization electrode of the flame monitoring system in the first operating state of the burner, and for generating a second measurement voltage that is less than the saturation voltage for generating a second ionization current at the ionization electrode of the flame monitoring system in the second operating state of the burner, wherein the device for generating the measurement voltage is adapted to the generated measurement voltage in a voltage range, which consists of at least one voltage value above the saturation voltage and at least one voltage value below the saturation voltage is to vary, and wherein the device for generating the measurement voltage changes the generated measurement voltage from the first measurement voltage to the second measurement voltage when the burner changes from the first operating state to the second operating state.
  • the device for generating a measuring voltage preferably has means for determining an operating state of the burner.
  • the means for determining the operating state of the burner is preferably the operating state of the burner in response to an operating condition signal of a control unit for controlling the flame monitoring system of the burner determinable.
  • the means for generating the measurement voltage further comprises means for detecting a change in the operating state of the burner, and changes the generated measurement voltage in response to a detected change in the operating state of the burner.
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a flame monitoring system for monitoring a burner 22 with a voltage generating and measuring arrangement 10 according to the preferred embodiment.
  • the voltage generating and measuring arrangement 10 comprises a device 12 for generating a measuring voltage (voltage generating unit).
  • This voltage generating unit 12 is adapted to vary the voltage (measurement voltage) generated by it in a voltage range which extends from a voltage value below a saturation voltage to a voltage value above the saturation voltage.
  • the measurement voltage generated by the voltage generation unit 12 is applied to an ionization electrode as an ionization voltage.
  • the saturation voltage is preferably greater than 80 volts and less than 120 volts. Preferably, the saturation voltage is 100 volts.
  • a control unit 24 serves to monitor a flame 18 of the burner 22.
  • the voltage generating and measuring arrangement 10 comprises a measuring unit 20 for measuring an ionization current generated by the measuring voltage.
  • the measuring voltage is an alternating voltage which drops across the flame 18 of the burner 22.
  • the flame 18 is preferably a gas flame and has a rectifying property, since there are 18 carriers of different polarities in the flame, the mobility of which differs greatly.
  • the ionization current from or to the ionization electrode 16 flows predominantly during a half-period of the measurement voltage, during which the latter has a certain sign.
  • the ionization current also comes to a standstill, which can be measured by the measuring unit 20. If this happens, appropriate safety measures can be taken, for example, the gas supply can be switched off.
  • the evaluation of the signals of the measuring unit and the control of the voltage generating unit 12 takes place in the control unit 24 of the flame monitoring device.
  • the control unit 24 controls the voltage generation unit 12 by means of a first, preferably pulse-width-modulated control signal 26a, which is transmitted via a first signal line 28a from the control unit 24 to the voltage generation unit 12.
  • the control unit 24 transmits a second, preferably pulse-width-modulated control signal 26b to the measuring unit 20 via a second signal line 28b.
  • the first and second control signals may optionally have a different modulation type.
  • the second control signal 26b is primarily used to specify a measuring frequency, but can also be used to control operating parameters of the measuring unit 20.
  • the control unit 24 receives a first dynamic feedback 30a from the voltage generating unit 12 of the voltage generating and measuring arrangement 10. Via a fourth signal line 28d, the control unit 24 receives a second dynamic feedback 30b from the measuring unit 20.
  • the first dynamic feedback 30a and the second dynamic feedback 30b are each preferably pulse width modulated signals, wherein a duty cycle of the first dynamic feedback 30a and the second dynamic feedback 30b has a continuous range of values and is time-dependent.
  • the value of the duty cycle encodes an actually generated voltage in the voltage generating unit 12 or an ionization current measured by the measuring unit 20.
  • a first measuring voltage 12a is generated by the device 12 for generating a measuring voltage, which is greater than the saturation voltage and at the ionization 16 causes a first DC component or first ionization 16a.
  • the first measurement voltage 12a and the first ionization current 16a are then detected by the measuring unit 20. If the first ionization current 16a is greater than a predetermined threshold, the flame 18 is detected by the control unit 24 for controlling the flame monitoring system.
  • an operating condition signal is sent by the control unit 24 to the measurement voltage generating means 12 for changing the generated measurement voltage from the first measurement voltage 12a to a second measurement voltage 12b provided and there is also a switchover from the first operating state to a second operating state or a modulating operation of the burner 22 in response to the operating state signal.
  • the second measuring voltage 12b is smaller than the saturation voltage.
  • the second measuring voltage 12b is generated by the device 12 for generating a measuring voltage, which causes a second direct current component or second ionization current 16b at the ionization electrode 16.
  • the second measurement voltage 12b and the second ionization current 16b are detected by the measurement unit 20.
  • the control unit 24 is designed to compare the second ionization current 16b detected by the measuring unit 20 with at least one predetermined upper and / or lower threshold value and to generate an error signal if the measured value exceeds the upper threshold value or falls below the lower threshold value.
  • the control unit 24 may also perform a correction of the combustion quality based on the comparison of the ionization current 16b with the upper threshold and / or the lower threshold.
  • the control unit 24 is configured to convert the second ionization current 16b into a flame condition signal, on the basis of which an evaluation of the flame characteristics and the flame quality can take place.
  • Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of the method for varying the measurement voltage of the device for generating the measurement voltage for ionization current-based flame detection of the burner 22 with the subsequent steps.
  • step S10 the first measurement voltage 12a for generating the first ionization current 16a is generated at the ionization electrode 16 of the flame monitoring system in the first operating state of the burner 22 by the measuring voltage generating means 12, the first operating state of the burner 22 being the start phase of the burner 22 ,
  • step S 20 the first measuring voltage 12a provided by the voltage generating unit for generating the measuring voltage and the first ionizing current 16a are detected by the measuring unit 20.
  • step S30 If the ionization current 16a is greater than the predetermined threshold, the process proceeds to step S30. If the ionization current 16a is smaller than the predetermined threshold, the process returns to step S10.
  • step S30 due to the fact that the ionization current is greater than the predetermined threshold, the flame 18 is detected by the control unit 24 for controlling the flame monitoring system. Thereupon, an operating condition signal is provided by the control unit 24 to the measuring voltage generating means 12, which includes a command code for changing the measuring voltage from the first measuring voltage 12a to the second measuring voltage 12b. At the same time, in response to the operating state signal, the transition of the burner from the first operating state to the second operating state takes place.
  • step S40 in response to the operating state signal of the control unit 24, the second measuring voltage 12b for generating the second ionizing current 16b is generated at the ionization electrode 16 of the flame monitoring system in the second operating state of the burner 22 by the measuring voltage generating means 12.
  • step S 50 the second measuring voltage 12 b provided by the voltage generating unit 12 for generating the measuring voltage and the second ionizing current 16 b are detected by the measuring unit 20.
  • the device 12 for generating the measuring voltage may comprise means for determining the operating state of the burner, by means of which the operating state of the burner can be determined by evaluating a signal of the control unit 24, and further means for detecting a change in the operating state of the burner, for example from the first operating state in the second operating state.
  • step S30 in FIG Fig. 3 possible transition from the first operating state of the burner to the second operating state is in Fig. 4 shown. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that some of the sub-steps described below are associated with Fig. 3 described steps are readily combinable.
  • step S31 a determination is made of the operating state of the burner by the means for determining the operating state. This determination can take place by evaluating an operating state signal of the control unit 24.
  • step S32 the means for detecting a change in the operating state of the burner applied in the measuring voltage generating device 12 checks whether the operating state of the burner is in response to a control signal of the control unit 24 from the first operating state to the second operating state has changed.
  • step S33 a check is made in step S33 as to whether the second safety time has expired, otherwise the procedure continues directly with step S34. If the second safety time is provided and has expired, the process continues to step S34, otherwise it returns to step S33.
  • step S34 the voltage generated by the measuring voltage generating device 12 is changed from the first measuring voltage 12a to the second measuring voltage 12b.
  • the measuring range of the measuring unit 20 is changed from a first measuring range to a second measuring range, and possibly existing threshold values are redetermined.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
EP11152479.9A 2010-01-28 2011-01-28 Verfahren und Brenner mit einer auf Ionisationsstrommessung basierenden Flammenerkennung Active EP2357410B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL11152479T PL2357410T3 (pl) 2010-01-28 2011-01-28 Sposób i palnik z wykrywaniem płomienia, bazującym na pomiarze prądu jonizacji

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102010001307A DE102010001307B4 (de) 2010-01-28 2010-01-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur auf Ionisationsstrommessung basierenden Flammenerkennung sowie Flammenüberwachungssystem

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EP2357410A2 EP2357410A2 (de) 2011-08-17
EP2357410A3 EP2357410A3 (de) 2018-03-14
EP2357410B1 true EP2357410B1 (de) 2019-07-17

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019119214A1 (de) * 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nachkalibrierung eines Messsystems zur Regelung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches in einem Heizgerät
EP3869101A1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-08-25 Pittway Sarl Flame monitoring device for a gas burner appliance and gas burner appliance

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DE102013221511A1 (de) 2013-10-23 2015-04-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Vorrichtung zum Ermitteln eines Ionisationsstroms einer Flamme
DE102015222155B4 (de) * 2015-11-11 2019-06-19 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Heizeinheit sowie Heizeinheit und Computerprogrammprodukt zur Ausführung des Steuerverfahrens
DE102018118288A1 (de) * 2018-07-27 2020-01-30 Ebm-Papst Landshut Gmbh Verfahren zur Überwachung und Regelung einer Brennerflamme eines Heizgerätebrenners
DE102018120377A1 (de) 2018-08-21 2020-02-27 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Heizvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Regeln eines gebläsebetriebenen Gasbrenners
DE102019107367A1 (de) * 2019-03-22 2020-09-24 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zum Prüfen des Vorhandenseins einer Rückschlagklappe in einer Heizungsanlage
DE102019003451A1 (de) * 2019-05-16 2020-11-19 Truma Gerätetechnik GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Brenners und/oder eines Brennverhaltens eines Brenners sowie Brenneranordnung
DE102021207690A1 (de) 2021-07-19 2023-01-19 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Verfahren zum steuern eines brenners eines wärmeerzeugers, brenner, wärmeerzeuger und heizungsanlage
WO2023217328A1 (de) * 2022-05-11 2023-11-16 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Verfahren zum betrieb einer brennereinrichtung
DE102022111802A1 (de) * 2022-05-11 2023-11-16 Viessmann Climate Solutions Se Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennereinrichtung

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DE10149383C2 (de) * 2001-10-06 2003-11-20 Bosch Gmbh Robert Gasbrenner mit einer Flammenüberwachung
DE102004061300B3 (de) * 2004-12-20 2006-07-13 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung von Verbrennungsvorgängen
DE102007018122B4 (de) * 2007-04-16 2013-10-17 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Flammenüberwachungsvorrichtung mit einer Spannungserzeugungs- und Messanordnung und Verfahren zum Überwachen eines Brenners mittels der Flammenüberwachungsvorrichtung

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US3215499A (en) * 1960-11-18 1965-11-02 Ici Australia Ltd Apparatus for detecting the presence of organic gases and vapours

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019119214A1 (de) * 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nachkalibrierung eines Messsystems zur Regelung eines Brenngas-Luft-Gemisches in einem Heizgerät
EP3869101A1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-08-25 Pittway Sarl Flame monitoring device for a gas burner appliance and gas burner appliance
WO2021165032A1 (en) 2020-02-19 2021-08-26 Pittway Sarl Flame monitoring device for a gas burner appliance and gas burner appliance

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Publication number Publication date
EP2357410A3 (de) 2018-03-14
EP2357410A2 (de) 2011-08-17
DE102010001307B4 (de) 2013-12-24
DE102010001307A1 (de) 2011-08-18
PL2357410T3 (pl) 2020-01-31

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