EP2354349B1 - Dispositif de séchage et de décontamination d'une construction de mur, de béton, de bois et autres matières solides - Google Patents

Dispositif de séchage et de décontamination d'une construction de mur, de béton, de bois et autres matières solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2354349B1
EP2354349B1 EP11151913.8A EP11151913A EP2354349B1 EP 2354349 B1 EP2354349 B1 EP 2354349B1 EP 11151913 A EP11151913 A EP 11151913A EP 2354349 B1 EP2354349 B1 EP 2354349B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
solid
electrode
electrodes
substance
temperature
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EP11151913.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2354349A2 (fr
EP2354349A3 (fr
Inventor
Ulf Roland
Frank Holzer
Markus Kraus
Ulf Trommler
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Helmholtz Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung GmbH UFZ
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Helmholtz Zentrum fuer Umweltforschung GmbH UFZ
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Priority to EP17196429.9A priority Critical patent/EP3287569A1/fr
Publication of EP2354349A2 publication Critical patent/EP2354349A2/fr
Publication of EP2354349A3 publication Critical patent/EP2354349A3/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/46—Dielectric heating
    • H05B6/62—Apparatus for specific applications

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for drying and / or decontaminating a solid, preferably masonry, concrete or wood by increasing the temperature of the structure in which the water and / or pollutants are bound.
  • the device has at least one electrode for introducing high-frequency energy, in the region of influence of which the solid to be treated is located at least partially, the electrode being connected to a high-frequency voltage source.
  • the apparatus further comprises a structure having a medium adapted to receive the water and / or the pollutants and control means for monitoring and influencing the drying and / or decontamination process.
  • the dehumidification of masonry, concrete or wood is a widespread task in the renovation of old and historic buildings, but also in new buildings due to planning and design errors and after unwanted water ingress or water damage.
  • the dehumidification of already soaked materials is an essential task.
  • the content of pore water in building materials must be reduced as a prerequisite for the introduction of other chemicals that serve to rehabilitate the material.
  • An example of such chemicals are substances that make the building material more hydrophobic and thus less sensitive to water.
  • the agents used preferably contain acrylates, resins, paraffins or siloxanes. Such injection methods are generally only useful if the pore water content has not exceeded a value of 60% of the maximum value or if this value was previously achieved by preparatory measures such as thermal drying.
  • An alternative possible target parameter for the rehabilitation success is also the achievement of the so-called compensatory moisture, which is an equilibrium value for the respective building material at a corresponding external air humidity and Temperature represents.
  • the equilibrium moisture content in particular and the final moisture to be achieved in general are influenced by a number of material, environmental and usage-specific factors. The corresponding values can be found in the relevant specialist literature.
  • Heating and dehydration of wood can also be used to damage or kill wood pests such as dry rot, or to deprive them of their own.
  • the choice of the parameters to be set, such as final temperature, duration of heating or residual moisture depends on the concrete problematic case and in particular on the type of wood pests.
  • the dehumidification of masonry can be achieved for example by increasing the temperature by means of infrared radiators.
  • electromagnetic radiation of a certain frequency or a specific frequency range in this case in the area of infrared radiation, is directed onto the material.
  • the surface of the material is heated and Water evaporates in this area, then escapes as water vapor into the room air and must be removed from it.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that only the surface area is heated, since the infrared radiation can not practically penetrate into the material.
  • the temperature inside the material is increased only by heat conduction. As a result, water from this area can be released only very slowly.
  • disadvantageous are the large temperature gradients which can lead to damage to the material. Typical plants operating on this principle are designed for wall surfaces of less than 1 m 2 .
  • this technique can be used in an analogous way, if the pollutants pass through the increase in temperature in the gas phase and transported to the surface analogous to water. In the same way, however, the low penetration depths and the corresponding large temperature gradients are also disadvantageous here.
  • heating rods for drying are technically easier and better to realize and control the positioning of the rods in the inner volume of the component, but the component is mechanically damaged by the introduction of the heating elements.
  • the large temperature gradients in the vicinity of the rod can additionally lead to thermal damage to the material.
  • the volume between the heating elements can also be achieved only by heat conduction, ie in an indirect manner.
  • the heating rods currently used have outputs of 100 to 200 W. They are introduced into boreholes of typically 15 to 20 mm in diameter.
  • Another non-invasive method for masonry drying is based on the use of microwaves with frequencies in the GHz range.
  • Devices for the treatment of materials are for example in EP 1 374 676 A2 . DE 94 13 736 U1 .
  • the warming is due here to the direct energy coupling into the water molecules or other polar structures in the masonry.
  • the penetration depths are relatively low and the heating thus likewise focuses on the surface area of the component. This is associated with the disadvantages already described, ie the formation of high temperature gradients and inhomogeneous dehydration.
  • the object of the present invention to provide a device which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and can be efficiently thermally dried and / or decontaminated with the solids from materials such as stone, concrete or wood.
  • the device is intended to enable a non-invasive procedure and avoid the formation of local temperature gradients.
  • the device according to the invention should also be suitable for controlling wood pests.
  • a device for drying and / or decontaminating a solid wherein the solid contains at least one liquid and / or a pollutant, comprising at least one electrode, wherein the solid is at least partially in the sphere of influence of the at least one electrode and wherein the at least one Electrode is connected to a feed means for supplying a high-frequency voltage and a control means and a structure comprising a substance which is adapted to receive the liquid and / or the pollutant, wherein the at least one electrode is designed so that it flows from the substance to be treated Allowed solid to the structure with the receiving substance.
  • the at least one electrode is permeable to the at least one liquid and / or the pollutant, preferably perforated, or a mesh electrode.
  • this contains at least one temperature sensor suitable for determining the temperature of the solid, the temperature sensor positioned in the solid and with an evaluation unit is connected and / or at least one control means for controlling the feed means for feeding the high-frequency voltage, wherein the control means is connected to the feed means and the evaluation unit for the temperature sensor.
  • the structure is arranged on the second side of the at least one electrode.
  • a temperature sensor is arranged on the first side of the at least one electrode.
  • the solid is in particulate form.
  • the temperature sensor is a fiber optic temperature sensor, an infrared sensor or an infrared camera for determining the surface temperature of the solid.
  • liquid and pollutant are used here and below in summary for water and other substances which may be present in the solid to be treated both in adsorbed and absorbed form and as a liquid phase.
  • pollutant is also used in the general form when several pollutants are present as individual substances simultaneously and are to be released by the device.
  • the device according to the invention is thus a device for dielectric heating.
  • similar basic principles as in microwave application eg orientation polarization of dipole molecules or other polar structures in solids, are relevant for heating, the use of high frequency energy offers the advantage of greater penetration depths for the relevant materials. In this way, practically homogeneous temperature profiles in the masonry or in the solid to be treated can generally be adjusted, which leads to the avoidance of the problems existing in the prior art.
  • Another significant advantage of the device according to the invention is the potential of a non-invasive application, which also opens up the possibility of using valuable historic buildings and generally in the field of historic preservation.
  • the device according to the invention can therefore always be used when the moisture content and / or the content of pollutants in a solid body are to be reduced efficiently.
  • Preferred solids that can be dried and / or decontaminated with the device according to the invention are textiles, food, wood, building materials, masonry.
  • Under construction material according to the invention preferably sand, clay, gravel, cement, concrete, brick, gypsum, plasterboard or a mixture thereof understood.
  • the device according to the invention is particularly preferably used for drying and / or decontaminating masonry, building material or wood.
  • the device by dielectric heating of the solid whose temperature is increased so far that the water and / or pollutants desorb and / or evaporate and are released from the matrix of the solid.
  • the device can also be used to kill by increasing the temperature and / or dehydration wood pests or worsen the life and development basis permanently.
  • the device according to the invention has at least one electrode which is connected to a means for supplying a high-frequency voltage.
  • the feed means is preferably a radio frequency (RF) generator.
  • RF radio frequency
  • an electronic matching network is preferably arranged, which allows the adjustment of the variable impedance of the solid, for example, due to fluctuating humidity to the internal resistance of the HF generator. This results in the possibility of a very energy-efficient heating of the solid, since the emitted RF energy can be almost completely converted into process heat. The energy efficiency is therefore significantly increased by the use of the matching network. Continuous regulation of the electronic matching network during the drying and / or decontamination process makes it possible to maintain these favorable conditions even when the moisture content of the material changes. The temperature increase in the material then leads to the mobilization of water and / or pollutants and thus to the desired treatment success.
  • the device allows different modes of energy input and in particular the heating of the fixed bed and the realization of different temperature profiles.
  • it is possible to heat the solid homogeneously with technically relevant volumes can be treated to the cubic meter scale.
  • the volume of the solid to be dried and / or decontaminated is in the range of 0.001 to 100 cubic meters, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 cubic meters.
  • the RF generator provides a voltage with a frequency between 500 kHz and 100 MHz, further preferred are frequencies between 1 MHz and 30 MHz. Particularly preferred is the use of frequencies that are approved for use in the industrial, scientific and medical fields. Particularly preferred are the ISM frequencies of about 6.9 MHz, 13.56 MHz or 27 MHz.
  • the invention at least one electrode has a side which faces the solid to be heated and forms an interface with this.
  • interface encompasses both the embodiment that the solid and the at least one electrode touch, as well as the configuration that the interface is a layer of a transmission medium, preferably air.
  • the thickness of the layer (transition region) from a transmission medium is limited by the range of the at least one electrode. Small layer thicknesses, i. Distances between electrode and solid in the range of 0.1 to 50 cm are preferred.
  • the at least one electrode is a plate electrode.
  • Plate electrodes are preferably arranged such that the surface of the at least one electrode facing the solid to be treated is aligned parallel or substantially parallel to the solid to be dried and / or decontaminated.
  • substantially parallel is meant according to the invention a mean deviation angle in the range of 0 to 20 °, preferably an angle in the range of 0 to 5 ° and particularly preferably an angle in the range of 0 to 1 °.
  • the electrode is oriented so that on uneven surfaces as large as possible amounts of Electrode surface and solid surface are arranged in parallel.
  • the electrodes are arranged in parallel, wherein the solid body is located between the electrodes.
  • the areal extent of the at least one electrode is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 10 m 2 and particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 to 2 m 2 .
  • the at least one electrode is permeable to the at least one liquid and / or the pollutant.
  • the embodiments are particularly preferred as a perforated electrode or as a mesh electrode. By a permeable design ensures that the water and / or the at least one pollutant escape from the solid and then can be removed from the surface of the solid.
  • the device according to the invention has two electrodes.
  • one of the two electrodes is a cold electrode and one of the two electrodes is a hot electrode.
  • the electrode which is grounded is defined as the cold electrode.
  • the cold electrode is electrically conductively connected to the housings of the HF generator and the electronic matching network.
  • parallel plate electrodes are used.
  • Parallel plate electrodes ensure a temperature profile with small gradients for homogeneous solids and are thus best suited for homogeneous heating.
  • both electrodes each have an interface with the solid (solid).
  • the electrodes are arranged such that the surfaces of the plate electrodes form a common interface with the solid, wherein the electrodes are arranged side by side electrically isolated from each other and the common interface is a flat surface.
  • the electrodes are on the same side of the solid. This arrangement is particularly suitable when the total expansion of the solid is greater than the range of influence of the one or more electrodes. Then, the device according to the invention can be moved along the solid and the drying and / or
  • Preferred solids that are dried with this electrode assembly are structures and masonry.
  • the electrodes are preferably arranged in parallel so that the solid is between the electrodes.
  • This arrangement is particularly suitable for solid bodies, the spatial extent of which lies at least in one dimension within the influence range of the two electrodes at the present electrode spacing.
  • This arrangement is suitable for example in wood, with a wooden beam is then positioned between the electrodes. If the beam is longer than the electrodes are wide, the device is moved along the beam and the drying and / or decontamination is also performed sequentially.
  • the choice of the electrode geometry is determined by the requirements of the respective process (arrangement of the solid to be treated in a structure such as a building, necessary temperature homogeneity, mechanical requirements on the arrangement, heating rates to be achieved, etc.). and may optionally be optimized by the skilled person.
  • more than two electrodes are provided, which are fed with a high-frequency AC voltage.
  • one hot and a plurality of cold electrodes are provided.
  • the solid to be treated is passed through the area of action of the at least one electrode.
  • conveying devices such as belts can be used as mechanical aids.
  • the solid for example a building material or natural mineral substance, is brought before the treatment in a form which allows the described mode of promotion by the influence of the at least one electrode.
  • the device according to the invention has, in spatial proximity to the at least one electrode for dielectric heating, a structure with a substance which absorbs the released water and / or the at least one released pollutant.
  • This substance is generically called Adsorbermaterial and may be in solid, liquid or gaseous form.
  • the material transport between the solid to be treated and the adsorber material can be mediated in one embodiment of the device by an active gas flow, which allows an improved, convective transport of the released water and / or the liberated at least one pollutant.
  • the material to be removed from the solid is preferably a substance which is in the pure phase at ambient temperature as a liquid.
  • Liquids which are removed according to the invention are preferably water and pollutants with different chemical, physical and toxicological properties.
  • Contaminants which may preferably be removed from the solid with the apparatus of the present invention are preferably hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons, more preferably mineral oil hydrocarbons, organic solvents, paint ingredients, flame retardants, wood preservatives and other substances used to protect building materials against pests.
  • the structure with the adsorbing substance is a hollow body with the outer shape of a cylinder or cuboid.
  • the container is permeable to the liquids or pollutants to be adsorbed.
  • the container has openings through which the water and / or pollutants can enter.
  • the container is a mesh container, i. a cage, wherein the holes in the grid are chosen such that the adsorbent material remains in the container.
  • the substance contained in the container is an adsorbing material, preferably a porous material, such as a suitable ⁇ -alumina, silica gel, Activated carbon, a zeolite or a mixture of these materials.
  • a suitable ⁇ -alumina, silica gel, Activated carbon a zeolite or a mixture of these materials.
  • a hydrophilic zeolite in particular an A, X or Y zeolite.
  • hydrophobic zeolites or activated carbon are preferably to be used as adsorbent materials.
  • a dealuminated Y zeolite with a high Si / Al ratio is particularly preferred.
  • the adsorbents used preferably have a high porosity with large specific surface areas of preferably more than 100 m 2 / g, more preferably more than 250 m 2 / g and even more preferably more than 500 m 2 / g.
  • a binder is added to these materials before pressing in order to achieve better mechanical stability. In the following, however, these mixed materials are referred to simply as the adsorption-active component.
  • a component for eliminating the pollutants released from the solid can be used.
  • the supply of the desorbed pollutants to the corresponding component can preferably again be effected by a gas stream.
  • an additional catalyst component in the adsorbent material is advantageous.
  • the catalysts used are, for example, metals, preferably platinum, palladium or other transition metals or noble metals, or perovskite.
  • the catalytically active noble metals are preferably applied to porous support materials. These porous materials typically have porosities between 0.2 and 0.7.
  • the substance which is used as an adsorber and / or as a catalyst is in particular a granulate or other bulk material, wherein the grain diameters are preferably in the millimeter range.
  • Particularly suitable according to the invention are particle sizes in the range from 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 1 to 5 mm, more preferably from 1 to 3 mm.
  • the bulk material is arranged in a container, particularly preferably in a cage-like container.
  • the arrangement preferably contains at least one temperature sensor which is suitable for determining its temperature during the dielectric heating of the solid.
  • this is a fiber optic temperature sensor, which can be used under the present conditions of an electromagnetic field and thus allows a continuous measurement during operation of the device.
  • the temperature sensor is preferably arranged directly in the volume of the solid. Particularly preferred is the use of multiple temperature sensors that allow the detection of a representative three-dimensional temperature profile in the solid.
  • the device has further sensors that allow the analysis of water and / or pollutants.
  • the other sensors are preferably also connected to an evaluation unit.
  • it is advantageously possible to register the water and / or pollutant discharge from the solid and to tune the dielectric heating to this data. In particular, it can be easily determined when the dielectric heating can be stopped.
  • the device according to the invention also contains, in a preferred variant, a control means for controlling the HF generator, the control means being connected to the HF generator and preferably to the temperature sensor.
  • a control means for controlling the HF generator the control means being connected to the HF generator and preferably to the temperature sensor.
  • the control means is a personal computer (PC) or similar electronic control unit with process control system.
  • the device has a means for determining the Baldung the adsorbent substance with respect to the liquid and / or the pollutant. This can advantageously be ensured that there is always sufficient adsorber for receiving the water and / or the pollutant available and the water and / or the pollutant from the Ambient air are removed.
  • the determining means preferably has a sensor and an alarm system, which indicates the loading state when a predetermined limit value is exceeded and recommends an exchange of the adsorbent material.
  • the device according to the invention also includes means for reusing the adsorption and / or reaction heat of the released substances in their interaction with the adsorber material and the elevated temperature of the gas stream directed away from the heated solid to heat the solid.
  • This can be, for example, heat exchangers of different types.
  • Fig. 1 shows a device according to the invention in which a solid body 12 between two plate electrodes 14, 16 is arranged.
  • the solid body 12 is at least partially in the influence of the electrodes 14, 16.
  • the two electrodes 14, 16 each have a first side 15 and a second side 17, wherein the first side 15 forms an interface 20 with the solid 12.
  • a container 34 is arranged, which is filled with an adsorbing substance 22.
  • at least the electrode 16 is perforated, designed as a mesh electrode or otherwise permeable to gas.
  • the adsorbing substance 22 is suitable for adsorbing a liquid 10 and / or a pollutant 11 which has been released from the solid 12 by the dielectric heating of the solid 12, which in turn is realized by means of the electrodes 14, 16.
  • the adsorbent 22 is here in particle form with a grain size of about 3 mm as a bed in the container 34 before.
  • the container 34 is designed as a cage-like container 34 (also referred to as a structure), so that the liquid 10 and / or the pollutant 11 can easily flow into the container 34 and is then adsorbed by the adsorbent 22.
  • a means 36 for determining the loading state of the adsorbent 22 with the liquid 10 and / or the pollutant 11 is arranged inside the container 34. After exceeding a predetermined threshold value, a signal indicating that the adsorbent 22 must be replaced is sent by the determination means 36. This is always a sufficient amount of unloaded or not fully loaded adsorbent 22 is present.
  • fiber optic temperature sensors 24 are arranged, which are connected to an evaluation unit 26.
  • the temperature sensors 24 monitor the temperature of the solid 12 during the dielectric heating so that the process is monitored and, for example, local overheating is avoided.
  • further sensors 28 are provided which register the degree of humidity or the state of contamination of the solid 12 or also the temperature at additional measuring points.
  • the further sensors 28 are likewise connected to the evaluation unit 26 or optionally to another evaluation unit.
  • the electrodes 14, 16 are connected via an electronic matching network 32 to a means 18 for supplying high-frequency voltage.
  • the feed means 18 is preferably an HF generator.
  • the control of the device is carried out by means of a control means 30.
  • the control means 30 is preferably a personal computer (PC) with process control system, which is connected to the RF generator 18 and the evaluation unit 26.
  • Fig. 2 shows an alternative arrangement of the device according to the invention.
  • the plate electrodes 14, 16 are arranged side by side in a plane in this embodiment. At least one of the electrodes 14, 16 is perforated, designed as a mesh electrode or otherwise permeable to gas.
  • the first side 15 of the plate electrodes 14, 16 faces towards the solid 12 and forms the interface 20 (not shown).
  • the cage-like container 34 is arranged with the adsorbent 22.
  • the adsorbent 22 is suitable for adsorbing the liquid 10 and / or the pollutant 11.
  • the temperature of the solid 12 is monitored by temperature sensors 24 and the data becomes passed from an evaluation unit 26 to the PC with process control technology 30.
  • further sensors 28 are provided which monitor temperatures or the moisture content and / or pollutant content 11 of the solid 12 and also pass on the data via the evaluation unit 26 to the PC 30 with process control technology.
  • the PC controls the RF generator 18 and thus the dielectric heating, wherein via an electronic matching network 32 an optimal energy transfer from the RF generator 18 to the solid body 12 is realized with changing humidity.
  • the electrode shape and arrangement can be varied for the many possible uses of the device according to the invention so that even complicated-shaped components and wooden structures can be effectively heated.
  • the device is preferably designed so that the most homogeneous possible energy input into the solid 12 can be realized and thus a temperature profile with low gradients arises. In principle, the arrangements for the applications drying, decontamination and pest control are not significantly different.
  • the device according to the invention was tested on a solid block 12 (50 cm ⁇ 50 cm ⁇ 20 cm) of sandstone having an initial moisture content of about 4.5% by weight.
  • the stone block 12 was provided on both sides with massive plate electrodes 14, 16 of copper sheet. These contained on one side holes (diameter about 5 mm) for the implementation of fiber optic temperature sensors 24, with which the temperature profile in stone block 12 could be continuously monitored.
  • an HF generator 18 with a maximum power of 5 kW and a constant operating frequency of 13.56 MHz was used.
  • the continuously introduced during the heating phase RF power was 1.3 kW. After reaching an average temperature of 105 ° C, this was kept constant by the power was only temporarily introduced.
  • As the adsorbing substance 22 in the container 34 a bed of zeolite 13X having an average grain size of 3 mm was used.
  • Fig. 3 The temperature profiles in a middle level in the stone block are in Fig. 3 presented for different phases of the experiment.
  • the occurring at higher temperatures to the edge of the stone 12 towards temperature gradients are mainly due to the lack of thermal insulation.
  • the weight of the stone 12 positioned on a scale was continuously determined.
  • Fig. 4 Figure 12 shows the decrease in normalized water content, measured as weight loss due to drying, in correlation with the average temperature of stone 12 during drying.
  • a degree of drying of about 94% was achieved. It should be noted that the final moisture reached may not correspond to the equilibrium moisture content, which should be aimed for in a practical application. In order to avoid damage to the material, it may then be desirable to lower the discharge of water and the drying would therefore rather be stopped.
  • Example 2 a solid body 12 of the same material as in Example 1 with the aid of grid electrodes 14, 16 was dried with the device according to the invention.
  • the grid electrodes 14, 16 were designed as a stainless steel mesh with a mesh size of about 6 mm. This design of the electrodes 14, 16 offers greater flexibility in practical use and can be adapted to the outer shape of the solid 12 easier.
  • the HF heating and the measured value acquisition were carried out analogously to Example 1.
  • the power input was 1.6 kW.
  • Fig. 5 shows the temperature profiles at different times of the experiment at a middle level in the solid 12.
  • Fig. 6 represents the course of the drying of the stone block 12 with the development of the mean temperature during the experiment.
  • the achieved degree of drying was about 91% and the energy efficiency, ie the efficiency, was 89%. Both values are for this Electrode shape in the same range as for solid copper electrodes, which emphasizes the flexibility in terms of electrode design.
  • Fig. 8 a variant of the device according to the invention is shown, in which the material to be treated 12 is moved by means of a conveyor 40 between the electrodes 14, 16 such that the material 12 is at least temporarily in the range of action of the at least one electrode 14, 16.
  • the material is applied to the conveyor 40 before treatment by means of a suitable, particularly preferably funnel-shaped device 50.
  • the collection of the material 12 after treatment with a corresponding device 52 is preferred.
  • the surface temperature of the material 14 is preferably measured continuously by means of a sensor 46.
  • the material 14 is flowed through during the movement by means of the conveyor 40 by a gas flow 42 such that the released substances 10, 12 are received by this.
  • the sensor is preferably connected to an evaluation unit 26.
  • the feed of the RF energy is, as in the other variants by an RF voltage source 18, which is preferably connected via an electronic matching network 32 to the electrodes 14, 16 realized.
  • the conveyor 40 is preferably at least partially perforated for the flow.
  • the gas stream 42 flows through after receiving the components 10, 12 a solid 22 located in a suitable at least partially open container 34.
  • the material for receiving the released substances 22 also has a component 44 which, under suitable boundary conditions (eg temperature), is able to render pollutants 11 harmless.

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  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Dispositif de séchage et/ou de décontamination d'une matière solide (12), qui contient au moins un liquide (10) et/ou une substance nocive (11),
    comprenant
    - au minimum une électrode (14, 16), comprenant un premier côté (15) et un deuxième côté (17), pour laquelle le premier côté (15) est exposé et forme une partie extérieure du dispositif et pour laquelle ladite au moins une électrode (14, 16) est reliée à un moyen d'alimentation (18) servant à alimenter une tension à haute fréquence,
    - une structure (34) comprenant une substance (22) apte à absorber un liquide (10) et/ou une substance nocive (11), pour laquelle la structure (34) est disposée et formée de telle sorte à permettre la circulation de matière à partir de la matière solide (12) à traiter jusqu'à la structure (34),
    - au moins un moyen de commande (30) pour commander le moyen d'alimentation (18) servant à alimenter une tension à haute fréquence, pour lequel le moyen de commande (30) est relié au moyen d'alimentation (18),
    caractérisé en ce que
    ladite au moins une électrode (14, 16) est soit une électrode perméable, de préférence perforée, pour ledit au moins un liquide (10) et/ou pour la substance nocive (11), soit une électrode réticulaire.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un capteur de température (24), qui est apte à déterminer la température du solide (12), est en outre prévu, dans lequel le capteur de température (24) est relié à une unité d'analyse (26).
  3. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le solide (12) est un textile, une denrée alimentaire, un matériau de construction, du bois, du sable, de l'argile, du gravier, du ciment, du béton, de la brique, du plâtre, une plaque de plâtre, un mélange des matériaux mentionnés précédemment, une construction de mur ou un autre matériau au moins partiellement minéral.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif d'acheminement (40) est prévu pour faire passer la matière solide (12), qui se présente de préférence sous forme particulaire, entre les électrodes (14, 16).
  5. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que des moyens pour générer un flux de gaz (42) supplémentaire et pour évacuer les substances (10, 11) qui se dégagent de la matière solide (12) sont prévus et/ou en ce que les substances nocives (11) qui se dégagent de la matière solide (12) sont acheminées vers un moyen d'épuration réactive du gaz (44).
  6. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le liquide (10) est un solvant organique ou inorganique, de préférence un solvant polaire organique ou inorganique, ou mieux encore, de l'eau et/ou en ce que la substance nocive (11) est un hydrocarbure ou un hydrocarbure halogéné, de préférence un hydrocarbure pétrolier, un solvant organique, un composant de peintures, d'agents ignifuges, d'agents de protection du bois ou d'autres substances qui servent à protéger les matériaux de construction contre les parasites, ou alors un mélange composé au moins de deux de ces composants.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la substance (22) est un matériau adsorbant, de préférence un matériau poreux, en particulier un gamma-oxyde d'aluminium, du gel de silice, du charbon actif, une zéolithe ou un mélange de ceux-ci, ou mieux encore, une zéolithe hydrophile, en particulier une zéolithe NaY, NaX, KA, NaA ou CaA, ou une zéolithe hydrophobe, de préférence une zéolithe Y désaluminée de rapport Si/Al élevé.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une électrode (14, 16) présente une étendue spatiale comprise entre 0,1 et 10 m2, de préférence entre 0,5 et 2 m2.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une électrode (14, 16) est une électrode à plaque.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif présente deux électrodes (14, 16), pour lesquelles, de préférence, une des deux électrodes (14, 16) est une électrode froide, mise à la terre (14) et l'une des deux électrodes (14, 16) est une électrode chaude (16).
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (14, 16) sont disposées l'une à côté de l'autre, pour lesquelles les premiers côtés (15) des électrodes (14, 16) sont situés sur un plan et les électrodes (14, 16) sont disposées sur le même côté du solide (12).
  12. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un réseau d'adaptation électronique (32) est disposé entre le moyen d'alimentation (18) servant à alimenter une tension à haute fréquence et ladite au moins une électrode (14, 16).
  13. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif présente des moyens de détermination (36) pour déterminer la charge de la substance (22) vis-à-vis du liquide (10) et/ou de la substance nocive (11) et/ou en ce qu'un échangeur de chaleur est prévu pour l'utilisation de l'énergie du flux de gaz (42) évacué et/ou de la chaleur d'adsorption et/ou de la chaleur de réaction lors de l'interaction avec la substance (22) adsorbante ou avec un catalyseur pour le chauffage de la matière solide (12).
EP11151913.8A 2010-01-25 2011-01-24 Dispositif de séchage et de décontamination d'une construction de mur, de béton, de bois et autres matières solides Active EP2354349B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17196429.9A EP3287569A1 (fr) 2010-01-25 2011-01-24 Dispositif de séchage et de décontamination d'une construction de mur, de béton, de bois et autres matières solides

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202010001410U DE202010001410U1 (de) 2010-01-25 2010-01-25 Vorrichtung zur Trocknung und Dekontamination von Mauerwerk, Beton, Holz und anderen Feststoffen

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17196429.9A Division-Into EP3287569A1 (fr) 2010-01-25 2011-01-24 Dispositif de séchage et de décontamination d'une construction de mur, de béton, de bois et autres matières solides
EP17196429.9A Division EP3287569A1 (fr) 2010-01-25 2011-01-24 Dispositif de séchage et de décontamination d'une construction de mur, de béton, de bois et autres matières solides

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2354349A2 EP2354349A2 (fr) 2011-08-10
EP2354349A3 EP2354349A3 (fr) 2012-10-03
EP2354349B1 true EP2354349B1 (fr) 2017-11-22

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EP17196429.9A Withdrawn EP3287569A1 (fr) 2010-01-25 2011-01-24 Dispositif de séchage et de décontamination d'une construction de mur, de béton, de bois et autres matières solides
EP11151913.8A Active EP2354349B1 (fr) 2010-01-25 2011-01-24 Dispositif de séchage et de décontamination d'une construction de mur, de béton, de bois et autres matières solides

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EP (2) EP3287569A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT12590U1 (fr)
DE (1) DE202010001410U1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2660171T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2955506B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

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DE102010052294A1 (de) 2010-11-23 2012-05-24 Eckhard Neuber Verfahren zur Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk in Gebäuden
DE202013000985U1 (de) 2013-02-02 2013-02-20 Jürgen Matzantke Thermische Holzschutzvorrichtung zur Schädlingsbekämpfung und deren Steuerung
DE102013223233A1 (de) * 2013-11-14 2015-05-21 Helmholtz-Zentrum Für Umweltforschung Gmbh - Ufz Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur selektiven Entfernung von Komponenten aus Gasgemischen
CA3016602A1 (fr) 2016-03-11 2017-09-14 Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc Plaques de platre, systemes et procedes
US10151104B2 (en) 2016-03-11 2018-12-11 Georgia-Pacific Gypsum Llc Construction panels, materials, systems, and methods
DE102016107547B3 (de) * 2016-04-22 2017-09-28 Helmholtz-Zentrum Für Umweltforschung Gmbh - Ufz Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur nicht-invasiven dielektrischen Erwärmung von Feststoffen
DE102016107550B4 (de) 2016-04-22 2021-09-16 Helmholtz-Zentrum Für Umweltforschung Gmbh - Ufz Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur thermischen Behandlung von Feststoffen
DE102017006223A1 (de) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-03 THM Thema-Management GmbH Wandelement mit in einem Aufnahmebereich angeordneten Zeolithsteinen
DE202018006175U1 (de) * 2018-02-13 2019-07-11 Rossano De Rosa Trocknungsvorrichtung
DE102021107185A1 (de) 2021-02-18 2022-08-18 Fricke Und Mallah Microwave Technology Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur dielektrischen erwärmung gefrorener feststoffe
DE202022100876U1 (de) 2022-02-16 2022-03-14 Helmholtz-Zentrum Für Umweltforschung Gmbh - Ufz Vorrichtung zur kontrollierten Erwärmung von Formkörpern

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0928855A1 (fr) * 1998-01-09 1999-07-14 Hildegard Berger Dispositif pour l'assèchement et/ou le dessalement des bâtiments

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US2949677A (en) * 1956-07-30 1960-08-23 Magnetic Heating Corp Dielectric drying of materials
US3062732A (en) * 1957-10-03 1962-11-06 Du Pont Electrolytic drying apparatus
GB1601711A (en) * 1978-05-26 1981-11-04 Electronic Kilns Luzern Gmbh Drying lumber
DE9413736U1 (de) * 1994-06-14 1995-07-13 AHRENS Bautechnologie Handelsgesellschaft mbH, 61118 Bad Vilbel Mikrowellen-Trocknungs- und Schädlingsbekämpfungsanlage
DE19544889A1 (de) * 1995-12-01 1997-06-05 Detlef Steinbach Verfahren und Anordnung zur Trocknung von Gebäuden und/oder ortsfester Bauteile
ATE334586T1 (de) * 2002-06-17 2006-08-15 Silvia Hofmann Anordnung und verfahrensweise zur abtötung von holzzerstörenden insekten und pilzen und zur behandlung von schadstoffbelasteten materialien
BRMU8700836U (pt) * 2007-05-04 2008-10-07 Edda Silvestro secador por microondas modular com turbilhonamento em caracol por fluxo de ar sobre esteira

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0928855A1 (fr) * 1998-01-09 1999-07-14 Hildegard Berger Dispositif pour l'assèchement et/ou le dessalement des bâtiments

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT12590U1 (de) 2012-08-15
EP2354349A2 (fr) 2011-08-10
EP3287569A1 (fr) 2018-02-28
FR2955506A3 (fr) 2011-07-29
EP2354349A3 (fr) 2012-10-03
ES2660171T3 (es) 2018-03-21
FR2955506B3 (fr) 2012-01-13
DE202010001410U1 (de) 2010-05-27

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