EP2353818B1 - Procédé pour imprégner un matériel poreux - Google Patents

Procédé pour imprégner un matériel poreux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2353818B1
EP2353818B1 EP20090013558 EP09013558A EP2353818B1 EP 2353818 B1 EP2353818 B1 EP 2353818B1 EP 20090013558 EP20090013558 EP 20090013558 EP 09013558 A EP09013558 A EP 09013558A EP 2353818 B1 EP2353818 B1 EP 2353818B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiling
liquid
wood
impregnation
impregnating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20090013558
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2353818A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz-Günther Franz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FRANZ, HEINZ-GUENTHER
Original Assignee
Franz Heinz-Guenther
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Franz Heinz-Guenther filed Critical Franz Heinz-Guenther
Priority to EP20090013558 priority Critical patent/EP2353818B1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2010/006366 priority patent/WO2011050914A1/fr
Publication of EP2353818A1 publication Critical patent/EP2353818A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2353818B1 publication Critical patent/EP2353818B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/08—Impregnating by pressure, e.g. vacuum impregnation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27K—PROCESSES, APPARATUS OR SELECTION OF SUBSTANCES FOR IMPREGNATING, STAINING, DYEING, BLEACHING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS, OR TREATING OF WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS WITH PERMEANT LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL TREATMENT OF CORK, CANE, REED, STRAW OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • B27K3/00—Impregnating wood, e.g. impregnation pretreatment, for example puncturing; Wood impregnation aids not directly involved in the impregnation process
    • B27K3/02—Processes; Apparatus
    • B27K3/0207—Pretreatment of wood before impregnation
    • B27K3/0214—Drying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • porous materials are especially all kinds of wood, which are very sensitive to rotting. Only special tropical woods have even in the dead state sufficient self-protection against rotting. Other woods, such as in particular the native domestic timber in Germany, are very sensitive to the weather and unsuitable for outdoor use. Already the prevailing high humidity and rain load in Germany leads to the fact that the humidity in the wood rises to values above the fiber saturation point, which with typical domestic humidity For example, wood is about 12%, which allows the growth of wood-attacking microorganisms.
  • the fiber saturation point is defined by the amount of moisture that can be absorbed by the fibers of the wood. In addition, moisture is stored in the voids between the fibers.
  • Dead wood is then protected against rot when it is dry or soaked with the growth of microorganism-preventing substances.
  • many preservation methods dry the wood to a sufficiently low level of moisture and then seal it by surface coating or superficial soaking with waxes, paints, or the like to prevent the subsequent ingress of moisture.
  • impregnating agents are e.g. aqueous solutions containing, for example, poisons or chemical reagents that chemically modify the wood and thereby make them more stable and rot-less.
  • a process of the latter type is marketed by BASF under the name Belmadur.
  • Pressure impregnation with tar-like toxic substances is also one of the known processes (railway sleepers), as well as the chemical treatment by acetylation.
  • the impregnant may also be a gas, for example, a monomer which is polymerized upon penetration into the wood.
  • the WO 99/64213 shows a method by irradiation with high frequency to make the wood better permeable and soakable.
  • Penetration of a drench into porous material can be enhanced by increasing the external pressure.
  • the wood In pressure impregnation, the wood is pressurized in a boiler with the impregnant, whereby the impregnant is pressed into the wood. Likewise, it is also initially evacuated and then pressed, with the aim of initially reducing the pressure in the wood and then push in by means of overpressure impregnation.
  • Such methods are very complex and usually still unsatisfactory in the effect, since the impregnation penetrates only in the near-surface volume range.
  • the impregnant presses into the wood, but its internal cavities are not empty. Rather, there are water residues and of course air. Both must first be largely removed before a sufficient watering is possible. Water is usually removed by preliminary drying. The remaining air is removed by evacuation, but only partially succeed with industrial means. More than 20% of the air remains in the wood during an industrial vacuum and prevents the penetration of the impregnant.
  • An impregnation process is from the EP 1 862 278 A1 known.
  • the wood to be impregnated in this process should be moist. It is brought into contact with impregnation and at temperatures of more than 100 ° C, the water is boiled in the wood to be expelled in this way. At the same time the watering agent should penetrate into the wood. Again, the transport of impregnant into the wood is carried out exclusively by capillary suction, the liquid transport is still hindered in the wood interior by the flowing in the opposite direction of steam. There is a constant pressure between the inside and the outside of the wood, or at times even overpressure inside the wood. The penetration of the impregnating agent is thus very slowly as a result.
  • the object of the present invention is to accelerate the impregnation in a generic method, while reducing the dependencies of the process of the material properties of the impregnation material.
  • the boiling liquid is first expelled by boiling from the porous material as in known methods in a container (which may also be a chamber).
  • a container which may also be a chamber.
  • the material is brought into contact with the impregnating agent only subsequently and immediately afterwards.
  • the impregnating agent may in this case be a liquid or a gas, for example a monomer mixture which is polymerized after penetration into the wood.
  • the contacting with the impregnating agent should take place so rapidly in distinction to the generic state of the art, that the vapor contained in the material is not significantly condensed to avoid disturbing sucking in ambient air.
  • the impregnation can generally take place entirely or predominantly by means of capillary action, but according to the invention takes place by reducing the temperature of the material or reducing the pressure in the material, or by a combination of both measures, except for values at which the liquid condenses in the material, and thereby superheated gaseous state passes into the wet steam state.
  • the material according to the invention is immersed in cold impregnant after the boiling process has been completed.
  • Cold refers to the process temperature during the boiling process, and is in relation to this and to see the process pressure in relation. At the same process pressure, "cold” is actually lower temperature and preferably a temperature below the boiling point.
  • the material requires a sufficiently high initial moisture according to the method. It then arises when boiling sufficient steam in the material, so that the existing air is expelled from the steam. If dry material is to be processed, the material may need to be wetted in an upstream process step.
  • the vapor phase changes into a condensation phase.
  • This condensation phase results in a volume decrease of the boiling liquid by a factor> 1000, which forms a vacuum in the material.
  • the impregnating agent is sucked into the material, where, due to its lower temperature, the residual boiling liquid in the vapor phase is likewise converted into the condensation phase.
  • the suction process described above can be further accelerated by an increase in pressure in the watering agent.
  • the temperature required for boiling can be lowered, since pressure and temperature are coupled together in the boiling range. This allows a gentle treatment of the skeletal material.
  • the material After the boiling liquid has been expelled from the material, the material is incorporated into the e.g. brought by a separator or lock separated impregnating container (which may also be a drinking chamber) and immersed in the impregnation.
  • a separator or lock separated impregnating container which may also be a drinking chamber
  • the material is empty except for the remaining liquid vapor and can now take up large amounts of impregnating agent, with the remaining boiling liquid condensing again from the superheated gas state, thereby reducing its volume from the gaseous to the liquid state to less than 1/1000 of the original gas volume.
  • liquids which can be boiled are the water contained in the wood, but also other liquids, e.g. Acetone, which can be introduced into dry material, or in exchange for existing water.
  • water is taken as an example in the description without restriction of generality
  • the boiling process can take place without further control over a certain period, for example.
  • the heat during boiling can be done in a suitable manner.
  • Relatively well suited would be e.g. a hot steam or hot air heating, or the use of heat radiators.
  • the material is only heated from the surface, so that the boiling range only slowly penetrates from the outside into the core area.
  • High frequency (e.g., microwave heating) and ultrasonic heating are volume heating methods that also apply heat directly to the core area of the material so that it dries quickly and completely from the inside.
  • the moisture content of the material should be checked continuously during the boiling process in order to determine when the desired or still tolerated residual moisture is reached.
  • the moisture is determined by weighing the material. This is a simple and highly accurate procedure. It can be used to determine the moisture content of the material and also during impregnation to determine the degree of soaking in order to stop the soaking after reaching a desired value. The soaking process can also be used e.g. over a certain period of time, which is considered sufficient.
  • a resin impregnant which is, for example, a two-component resin with sufficiently long pot life, which can penetrate liquid, and then harden in the wood.
  • the moisture of the wood is optionally checked, and if this is considered insufficient by appropriate measures to a more appropriate value can be increased. Then the wood is heated, taking into account the process pressure, to a temperature at which the moisture contained boils. Preferably, a high frequency heating is used, which heats quickly and in the entire volume. When heating and boiling according to the invention, there is no contact between the material and the impregnating agent to avoid contamination of the impregnating agent.
  • the wood is constantly subjected to a weighing, in which the total mass, consisting of wood and water, is measured. From the measured weight curve it can be determined from the relative weight loss, when the wood has the desired residual moisture of e.g. maximum fiber saturation or, if desired, even zero. Then the boiling can be stopped.
  • a weighing in which the total mass, consisting of wood and water, is measured. From the measured weight curve it can be determined from the relative weight loss, when the wood has the desired residual moisture of e.g. maximum fiber saturation or, if desired, even zero. Then the boiling can be stopped.
  • the wood is first while maintaining the temperature and the process pressure, z. B. in a container in which serving as impregnation liquid resin and completely brought by submersion in contact with this.
  • the temperature of the impregnant is so low that, taking into account the process pressure, the vaporized water (or any other liquid present in the wood) condenses again in the wood.
  • the volume of the water reduces from less than to less than steam 1/1000. It thus creates a condensation vacuum in the wood, which sucks the surrounding resin at high speed into the wood. This process can be further accelerated by applying an external process pressure.
  • the wood may preferably be monitored by weighing until the resulting weight increase of the wood during soaking indicates the desired degree of soaking. Then the impregnation process can be terminated by removing the wood.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Procédé pour imprégner avec un agent d'imprégnation gazeux ou liquide un matériau poreux contenant un liquide pouvant être porté à ébullition et constitué d'un squelette solide comportant des cavités, le liquide pouvant être porté à ébullition étant soumis à échauffement et expulsé du matériau par ébullition avant l'imprégnation, le matériau étant chauffé à une température telle que le liquide pouvant être porté à ébullition entre en ébullition à une pression de processus donnée, l'ébullition étant alors maintenue jusqu'à obtention d'une humidité résiduelle souhaitée, le matériau étant alors entièrement immergé dans l'agent d'imprégnation jusqu'à obtention d'un degré d'imprégnation souhaité, caractérisé en ce que l'agent d'imprégnation est maintenu à une pression et une température en deçà de la courbe de condensation du liquide pouvant être porté à ébullition, l'immersion ayant lieu assez rapidement après l'étape d'ébullition pour que le liquide pouvant être porté à ébullition se trouve encore essentiellement en phase vapeur dans le matériau, de sorte à obtenir dans le matériau un vide de condensation.
  2. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'ébullition est poursuivie jusqu'à obtention d'une humidité résiduelle inférieure à la saturation des fibres.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que l'ébullition est poursuivie jusqu'à obtention d'une humidité résiduelle d'environ zéro.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'apport de chaleur lors de l'ébullition est assuré par un chauffage à infrarouge, à air chaud, à vapeur surchauffée, à haute fréquence ou par ultrasons.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'apport de chaleur a d'abord lieu à l'intérieur du matériau.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'apport de chaleur à lieu de l'intérieur vers l'extérieur le long du sens des fibres.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le contrôle de l'humidité et/ou du degré d'imprégnation est effectué par pesage du matériau.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la procédure d'ébullition a lieu à une pression de processus réduite.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la procédure d'imprégnation a lieu à une pression de processus accrue.
EP20090013558 2009-10-28 2009-10-28 Procédé pour imprégner un matériel poreux Not-in-force EP2353818B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20090013558 EP2353818B1 (fr) 2009-10-28 2009-10-28 Procédé pour imprégner un matériel poreux
PCT/EP2010/006366 WO2011050914A1 (fr) 2009-10-28 2010-10-19 Procédé d'imprégnation d'un matériau poreux

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20090013558 EP2353818B1 (fr) 2009-10-28 2009-10-28 Procédé pour imprégner un matériel poreux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2353818A1 EP2353818A1 (fr) 2011-08-10
EP2353818B1 true EP2353818B1 (fr) 2012-05-30

Family

ID=41647208

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20090013558 Not-in-force EP2353818B1 (fr) 2009-10-28 2009-10-28 Procédé pour imprégner un matériel poreux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2353818B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011050914A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2716157C2 (de) * 1977-04-12 1979-03-29 Robert A. Seguin Tex. Kleinguenther (V.St.A.) Verfahren zum Herstellen von trockenem formbeständigen Holz
US5970624A (en) * 1996-06-04 1999-10-26 Common Facility Co-Operatives Forest Nishikawa Method of drying wood and method of subjecting wood to impregnative treatment
AUPP396998A0 (en) 1998-06-09 1998-07-02 University Of Melbourne, The A method for increasing the permeability of wood
EP1862278A1 (fr) 2006-05-31 2007-12-05 Jan Nies Installation, procédé et agent d'imprégnation destinés au traitement de matières premières repoussantes (bois) et plantes en cellulose composite
EP2380716B1 (fr) * 2007-09-28 2013-07-03 Gaia Wood Patent A/S Procédé de traitement du bois

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2353818A1 (fr) 2011-08-10
WO2011050914A1 (fr) 2011-05-05

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