EP2346886A1 - Procédé pour produire des acides, des esters et des sels dialkylphosphiniques à fonctionnalisation mono-hydroxy et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Procédé pour produire des acides, des esters et des sels dialkylphosphiniques à fonctionnalisation mono-hydroxy et leur utilisation

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Publication number
EP2346886A1
EP2346886A1 EP09778832A EP09778832A EP2346886A1 EP 2346886 A1 EP2346886 A1 EP 2346886A1 EP 09778832 A EP09778832 A EP 09778832A EP 09778832 A EP09778832 A EP 09778832A EP 2346886 A1 EP2346886 A1 EP 2346886A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bis
acid
dialkylphosphinic
alkyl
salts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP09778832A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Hill
Werner Krause
Martin Sicken
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Clariant Finance BVI Ltd
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Clariant Finance BVI Ltd
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Publication of EP2346886A1 publication Critical patent/EP2346886A1/fr
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
    • C09K21/06—Organic materials
    • C09K21/12—Organic materials containing phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/301—Acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/30—Phosphinic acids [R2P(=O)(OH)]; Thiophosphinic acids ; [R2P(=X1)(X2H) (X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/32—Esters thereof
    • C07F9/3205—Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/3211—Esters of acyclic saturated acids which can have further substituents on alkyl
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
    • C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
    • C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
    • C08K5/5313—Phosphinic compounds, e.g. R2=P(:O)OR'

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, esters and salts and their use.
  • This object is achieved by a process for the preparation of monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, esters and salts, which comprises: a) a source of phosphinic acid (I)
  • step d Preference is given to the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid obtained after step d), its salt or ester (III) then in step e) with metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce , Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and / or a protonated nitrogen base to give the corresponding monohydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic salts (III) of these metals and / or a nitrogen compound.
  • metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce , Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and / or a protonated nitrogen base to give the corresponding monohydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic salts (III) of these metals and / or a nitrogen compound.
  • the alkylphosphonous acid obtained according to step a), its salt or ester (II) and / or the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid obtained according to step b), its salt or ester (VI) and / or the monofunctionalized product obtained according to step c) are preferred Dialkylphosphinic acid, its salt or ester (VII) and / or obtained according to step d) mono-hydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, its salt or ester (III) and / or the respectively resulting reaction solution thereof with an alkylene oxide or an alcohol M-OH and / or Esterified M'-OH, and the resulting Alkylphosphonigklasteder (II), monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic (VI), monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic (VII) and / or monohydroxyalkylated Dialkylphosphinklaester (III) the further reaction steps b), c), d) or e) subjected.
  • the groups C 6 -C 8 -ArVl, C 6 -C 8 -alkyl and C 10 -C 16 -alkyl-aryl with SO 3 X 2 , -C (O) CH 3 , OH, CH 2 OH, CH 3 SO 3 X 2 , PO 3 X 2 , NH 2 , NO 2 , OCH 3 , SH and / or OC (O) CH 3 substituted.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 are preferably identical or different and are each independently H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl and / or phenyl.
  • X is H, Ca, Mg 1 Al, Zn, Ti, Mg, Ce 1 Fe, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, phenyl, ethylene glycol, propyl glycol, butyl glycol, pentyl glycol , Hexylglycol, allyl and / or glycerin.
  • the catalyst systems A, B, C and D are each preferably formed by reaction of a transition metal and / or a transition metal compound and at least one ligand.
  • transition metals and / or transition metal compounds are preferably those from the seventh and eighth subgroups.
  • the transition metals and / or transition metal compounds are preferably rhodium, nickel, palladium, ruthenium and / or cobalt.
  • the acetylenic compounds (V) are preferably acetylene, methylacetylene, 1-butyne, 1-hexyne, 2-hexyne, 1-octyne, 4-octyne, 1-butyne-4-ol, 2-butyne-1 ol, 3-butyn-1-ol, 5-hexyn-1-ol, 1-octyn-3-ol, 1-pentyne, phenylacetylene, trimethylsilylacetylene.
  • the alcohol of the general formula M-OH preferably involves linear or branched, saturated and unsaturated, monohydric organic alcohols a carbon chain length of C 1 -C 1 8 and the alcohol of the general formula M'-OH to linear or branched, saturated and unsaturated, polyhydric organic alcohols having a carbon chain length of Ci-C 18 .
  • the invention further relates to the use of mono-hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts and esters, prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 10 as an intermediate for further syntheses, as a binder, as a crosslinker or accelerator in the curing of epoxy resins, polyurethanes and unsaturated Polyester resins, as polymer stabilizers, as crop protection agents, as therapeutics or additives in therapeutics for humans and animals, as sequestering agents, as mineral oil additives, as corrosion inhibitors, in detergents and cleaners applications and in electronic applications.
  • the invention also relates to the use of monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts and esters (III), which have been prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, as flame retardants, in particular flame retardants for clearcoats and intumescent coatings, flame retardants for wood and other cellulose-containing Products, as reactive and / or non-reactive
  • Flame retardants for polymers for the production of flame-retardant polymer molding compositions, for the production of flame-retardant polymer moldings and / or for the flame retardant finishing of polyester and cellulose pure and mixed fabrics by impregnation.
  • the invention also relates to a flameproofed thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer molding composition
  • a flameproofed thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer molding composition comprising 0.5 to 45% by weight of monohydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters (IM) which have been prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, 0, 5 to 95 wt .-% thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or mixtures thereof, 0 to 55 wt .-% additives and 0 to 55 wt .-% filler or reinforcing materials, wherein the sum of the components is 100 wt .-%.
  • IM monohydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters
  • the invention also relates to flame-retardant thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer moldings, films, filaments and fibers containing from 0.5 to 45% by weight of monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters (III), which are prepared according to one or more of the above-mentioned of any one of claims 1 to 10, 0.5 to 95% by weight of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or blends thereof, 0 to 55% by weight of additives and 0 to 55% by weight of filler or reinforcing materials, the sum the components is 100% by weight.
  • monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters (III) which are prepared according to one or more of the above-mentioned of any one of claims 1 to 10, 0.5 to 95% by weight of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer or blends thereof, 0 to 55% by weight of additives and 0 to 55% by weight of filler or reinforcing materials, the sum the components is 100% by weight.
  • step d) If the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (III) after step d) is an ester, an acidic or basic hydrolysis can preferably be carried out in order to obtain the free monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid or its salt.
  • the transition metals for the catalyst A are preferably elements of the seventh and eighth subgroups (according to modern nomenclature a metal of group 7, 8, 9 or 10), such as rhenium, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, nickel, palladium and platinum.
  • Transition metal compounds whose metal salts used. Suitable salts are those of mineral acids containing the anions fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, fluorate, chlorate, bromate, iodate, fluorite, chlorite, bromite, iodite, hypofluorite, hypochlorite, hypobromite, hypoiodite, perfluorate, perchlorate, perbromate, periodate, Cyanide, cyanate, nitrate, nitride, nitrite, oxide, hydroxide, borate, sulfate, sulfite, sulfide, persulfate, thiosulfate, sulfamate, phosphate, phosphite, hypophosphite, phosphide, carbonate and sulfonate, such as methanesulfonate, chlorosulfonate, fluorosulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfon
  • transition metals and transition metal compounds are salts of the transition metals with tetraphenylborate and halogenated tetraphenylborate anions, such as perfluorophenylborate.
  • Suitable salts also include double salts and complex salts consisting of one or more transition metal ions and independently one or more alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium, organic ammonium, phosphonium and organic phosphonium ions and independently one or more of the abovementioned anions.
  • Suitable double salts provide z.
  • a source of the transition metals is the transition metal as an element and / or a transition metal compound in its zero-valent state.
  • the transition metal is used metallically or used as an alloy with other metals, preferably boron, zirconium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, cobalt, iridium, nickel, palladium, platinum and / or gold.
  • the transition metal content in the alloy used is preferably 45-99.95% by weight.
  • the transition metal is microdispersed (particle size 0.1 mm - 100 microns) used.
  • the transition metal on a metal oxide such as alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, Celite ®, diatomaceous earth, on a metal carbonate such as barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate, on a metal sulfate such as barium sulfate, it is preferred Calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate, on a metal phosphate such as aluminum phosphate, vanadium phosphate, on a metal carbide such as silicon carbide, on a metal aluminate such as calcium aluminate, on a metal silicate such as aluminum silicate, chalks, zeolites, bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite, on functionalized silicates, functionalized silica gels such as Silia Bond ®, QuadraSil TM, on functionalized polysiloxanes such as Deloxan ®,
  • Suitable sources of the metal salts and / or transition metals are preferably also their complex compounds.
  • Complex compounds of the metal salts and / or transition metals are composed of the metal salts or transition metals and one or more complexing agents. Suitable complexing agents are, for. For example, olefins, diolefins, nitriles, dinitriles, carbon monoxide, phosphines, diphosphines, phosphites, diphosphites, dibenzylideneacetone, cyclopentadienyl, indenyl or styrene. Suitable complex compounds of the metal salts and / or transition metals may be supported on the abovementioned support materials.
  • the content of said supported transition metals 0.01 to 20 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.2 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total mass of the support material.
  • Suitable sources of transition metals and transition metal compounds are, for example, palladium, platinum, nickel, rhodium; Palladium platinum, nickel or rhodium on alumina, on silica, on barium carbonate, on barium sulfate, on calcium carbonate, on strontium carbonate, on carbon, on activated charcoal; Platinum-palladium-gold, aluminum-nickel, iron-nickel, lanthanoid-nickel, zirconium-nickel, platinum-iridium, platinum-rhodium; Raney ® nickel, nickel-zinc-iron oxide; Palladium (II), nickel (II), platinum (II), rhodium chloride, bromide, iodide, fluoride, hydride, oxide, peroxide, cyanide, sulfate, nitrate, phosphide, boride, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, carbonate hydroxide, cyclohexane butyrate, hydroxide
  • the ligands are preferably phosphines of the formula (VIII)
  • R 9 is independently hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, NH2, nitro, hydroxy, cyano, formyl, straight-chain, branched or cyclic Ci-C 20 - alkyl, C 1 -C 20 -alkoxy, HN (C r C 2 o-alkyl), N (C 1 -C 20 -alkyl) 2 , -CO 2 - (C 1 -C 20 -alkyl), -CON (C r C 20 -alkyl) 2 , -OCO (CrC 20 alkyl), NHCO (Ci-C 20 alkyl), C 1 -C 20 -acyl,
  • R 10 is hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, straight-chain, branched or cyclic C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 20 -alkynyl, C 1 - C 20 - Carboxyat, C 1 -C 20 -alkoxy, C 20 alkenyloxy, -C 20 alkynyloxy, C 2 -C 20 - alkoxycarbonyl, CrC 20 -alkylthio, CrC ⁇ -alkylsulfonyl, CrC ⁇ alkylsulfinyl, silyl and / or derivatives thereof, ary
  • phosphines (VIII) are trimethyl, triethyl, tripropyl, triisopropyl, tributyl, triisobutyl, triisopentyl, trihexyl, tricyclohexyl, trioctyl, tridecyl, triphenyl, diphenylmethyl, phenyldimethyl, tri (o-tolyl), tri (p-tolyl), ethyldiphenyl, dicyclohexylphenyl, 2-pyridyldiphenyl, bis (6-methyl-2-pyridyl) phenyl, tri (p-chlorophenyl), tri ( p-methoxyphenyl), diphenyl (2-sulfonatophenyl) phosphine; Potassium, sodium and ammonium salts of diphenyl (3-sulfonatophenyl) phosphine, bis (4,6-dimethyl-3-s
  • the ligands are bidentate ligands of the general formula
  • each M is independently N, P, As or Sb.
  • the two are preferred M" is equal to, and more preferably M "represents a phosphorus atom.
  • Each group R 8 independently represents the below Formula (VIII) described radicals. Preferably, all groups R 8 are identical.
  • Z preferably represents a divalent bridging group which is at least
  • Bridging atoms can be selected from C, N, O, Si, and S atoms.
  • Z is an organic bridging group containing at least one carbon atom.
  • Z is an organic bridging group containing from 1 to 6 bridging atoms of which at least two are carbon atoms which may be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • Preferred Z groups are -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (CHa) -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -C (C 2 Hs) -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -Si (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -O-CH 2 -, -CH 2 - CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (C 2 Hs) -CH 2 -, -CH 2 -CH (n-Pr) -CH, -CH 2 -CH (n-Bu) -CH 2 , unsubstituted or substituted 1, 2-phenyl, 1, 2-cyclohexyl, 1, 1'- or 1, 2-ferrocenyl radicals, 2,2 ' - (1, 1 '
  • Suitable bidentate phosphine ligands are, for example, 1, 2-bis (dimethyl), 1, 2-bis (diethyl), 1, 2-bis (dipropyl), 1, 2-bis (diisopropyl), 1, 2-bis (dibutyl), 1, 2-bis (di-tert-butyl), 1, 2-bis (dicyclohexyl) and 1, 2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane; 1, 3-bis (dicyclohexyl), 1, 3-bis (diisopropyl), 1, 3-bis (di-tert-butyl) and 1, 3-bis (diphenylphosphino) propane; 1, 4-bis (diisopropyl) and 1, 4-bis (diphenylphosphino) butane; 1, 5-bis (dicyclohexylphosphino) pentane; 1, 2-bis (di-tert-butyl), 1, 2-bis (di-phenyl), 1, 2-bis (di-cycl
  • the ligands of the formula (VIII) and (IX) can be bonded to a suitable polymer or inorganic substrate by the radicals R 8 and / or the bridging group.
  • the catalyst system has a transition metal-to-ligand molar ratio of from 1: 0.01 to 1: 100, preferably from 1: 0.05 to 1:10, and more preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 4.
  • the reactions in process stages a), b), c), d) and e) are preferably carried out optionally in an atmosphere which contains further gaseous constituents such as, for example, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide; the temperature is -20 to 340 0 C, in particular 20 to 180 0 C and the total pressure 1 to 100 bar.
  • the isolation of the products and / or the transition metal compound and / or the transition metal compound and / or catalyst system and / or the ligand and / or the educts according to process steps a), b) c), d) and e) is optionally carried out by distillation or rectification , by crystallization or precipitation, by filtration or centrifugation, by adsorption or chromatography or other known methods. According to the invention, solvents, adjuvants and optionally other volatile components are replaced by, for. As distillation, filtration and / or extraction.
  • the reactions in the process stages a), b) c), d) and e) optionally in absorption columns, spray towers, bubble columns, stirred tanks, Reiselbettreaktor, Strömumgsrohren, loop reactors and / or kneaders.
  • Suitable mixing devices are z. As anchor, blade, MIG, propeller, impeller, turbine, cross-stirrer, dispersing, hollow (gassing) - stirrer, rotor-stator mixers, static mixers, Venturi nozzles and / or lift pumps.
  • the reaction solution mixtures preferably have a mixing intensity which corresponds to a rotation Reynolds number of from 1 to 1,000,000, preferably from 100 to 100,000.
  • a mixing intensity which corresponds to a rotation Reynolds number of from 1 to 1,000,000, preferably from 100 to 100,000.
  • an intensive mixing of the respective reactants, etc. takes place under an energy input of 0.080 to 10 kW / m 3 , preferably 0.30 to 1.65 kW / m 3 .
  • the particular catalyst A, B, C or D preferably acts homogeneously and / or heterogeneously during the reaction. Therefore, the heterogeneous catalyst acts during the reaction as a suspension or bound to a solid phase.
  • the particular catalyst A, B, C or D is preferably generated in situ before the reaction and / or at the beginning of the reaction and / or during the reaction.
  • the particular reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent as a one-phase system in homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture and / or in the gas phase.
  • phase transfer catalyst can additionally be used.
  • the reactions according to the invention can be carried out in the liquid phase, in the gas phase or else in the supercritical phase.
  • This is the respective Catalyst A, B, C or D in liquids preferably used homogeneously or as a suspension, while in gas phase or supercritical driving a fixed bed arrangement is advantageous.
  • Suitable solvents are water, alcohols such. Methanol, ethanol, i-propanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, i-butanol, t-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, i-amyl alcohol, t-amyl alcohol, n-hexanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, n-Tridecanol, benzyl alcohol, etc.
  • glycols such as ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, diethylene glycol, etc .
  • aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, and petroleum ether, petroleum benzine, kerosene, petroleum, paraffin oil, etc .
  • aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene 1 mesitylene, ethylbenzene, diethylbenzene, etc .
  • Halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, 1, 2-dichloroethane, chlorobenzene, carbon tetrachloride, tetrabromoethylene, etc .
  • alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclopentane, cyclohexane and methylcyclo
  • Suitable solvents are also the olefins and phosphinic acid sources used. These offer advantages in the form of a higher space-time yield.
  • the reaction is carried out under its own vapor pressure of the olefin and / or the solvent.
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 of the olefin (IV) are the same or different and are independently H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl and / or phenyl.
  • olefins such as allyl isothiocyanate, allyl methacrylate, 2-allylphenol, N-allylthiourea, 2- (allylthio) -2-thiazoline, allyltrimethylsilane, allyl acetate, allylacetoacetate, allyl alcohol, allylamine, allylbenzene, allyl cyanide, allyl (cyanoacetate), allylanisole, trans-2-pentenal, cis-2-pentenenitrile, 1-penten-3-ol, 4-penten-1-ol, 4-penten-2-ol, trans-2-hexenal, trans-2-hexene-1 ol, cis-3-hexene-1-ol, 5-hexene-1-ol, styrene, methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, vinyl acetate, 9-vinylanthracene, 2-vinylpyridine
  • the reaction preferably takes place at a partial pressure of the olefin of 0.01-100 bar, more preferably at a partial pressure of the olefin of 0.1-10 bar.
  • the reaction is carried out in a phosphinic-olefin molar ratio of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0.001, more preferably in the ratio of 1: 30 to 1: 0.01.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in a phosphinic acid catalyst
  • the reaction preferably takes place in a phosphinic acid / solvent molar ratio of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0, more preferably 1:50 to 1: 1.
  • a process according to the invention for the preparation of compounds of the formula (II) is characterized in that a phosphinic acid source is reacted with olefins in the presence of a catalyst and the product (II) (alkylphosphonous acid or salts, esters) of catalyst, transition metal or transition metal compound , Ligand, complexing agent, salts and by-products.
  • the catalyst, the catalyst system, the transition metal and / or the transition metal compound is separated by adding an adjuvant 1 and removing the catalyst, the catalyst system, the transition metal and / or the transition metal compound by extraction and / or filtration.
  • the ligand and / or complexing agent is separated by extraction with auxiliaries 2 and / or distillation with auxiliaries 2.
  • Auxiliary 1 is preferably water and / or at least one member of the family of metal scavengers.
  • Preferred metal scavengers are metal oxides such as alumina, silica, titania, zirconia, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, chromium oxide, magnesium oxide, Celite ®, diatomaceous earth; Metal carbonates such as barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate; Metal sulfates such as barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, strontium sulfate; Metal phosphates such as aluminum phosphate, vanadium phosphate metal carbides such as silicon carbide; Metal aluminates such as calcium aluminate; Metal silicates such as aluminum silicate, chalks, zeolites, bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite; functionalized silicates, functionalized silica gels, such as Silia Bond ®, QuadraSil TM; Polys
  • Auxiliaries 1 are preferably added in quantities corresponding to a 0.1-40% by weight loading of the metal on the auxiliary 1. Aid 1 at temperatures of 20 is preferred - 90 0 C.
  • the residence time of adjuvant 1 is preferably 0.5 to 360 minutes.
  • Auxiliary 2 is preferably the abovementioned solvent according to the invention, as are preferably used in process step a).
  • the esterification of the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (III) or the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VII) or the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VI) or the alkylphosphonous acid derivatives (II) and the phosphinic acid source (I) to give the corresponding esters can be carried out, for example Reaction with higher boiling alcohols with removal of the water formed by azeotropic distillation or by reaction with epoxides (alkylene oxides) can be achieved.
  • the alkylphosphonous acid (II) is directly esterified with an alcohol of the general formula M-OH and / or M'-OH or by reaction with alkylene oxides, as indicated below.
  • M'-OH ethylene glycol 1, 2-propylene glycol, 1, 3-propylene glycol, 1, 4-butanediol, 2,2-dimethylpropane-1, 3-diol, neopentyl glycol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerol, trishydroxymethylethane, trishydroxymethylpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, ⁇ -naphthol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and / or EO-PO block polymers.
  • M-OH and M'-OH are monohydric or polyhydric, unsaturated C 1 -C 18 -alcohols, for example n-buten-2-ol-1, 1,4-butenediol and allyl alcohol.
  • M-OH and M'-OH are also preferably reaction products of polyhydric alcohols with one or more molecules of alkylene oxide, in particular diglycol and triglycol, and adducts of 1 to 6 molecules of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with glycerol, trishydroxymethylpropane or pentaerythritol.
  • reaction products of water with one or more molecules of alkylene oxide Preferred are
  • Polyethylene glycols and poly-1, 2-propylene glycols of various molecular sizes having an average molecular weight of 100-1000 g / mol, particularly preferably from 150 to 350 g / mol.
  • M-OH and M'-OH are reaction products of ethylene oxide with poly-1, 2-propylene glycols or fatty alcohol propylene glycols; also reaction products of 1, 2-propylene oxide with polyethylene glycols or fatty alcohol ethoxylates. Preference is given to those reaction products having an average molecular weight of 100-1000 g / mol, more preferably of 150-450 g / mol.
  • M-OH and M'-OH are reaction products of alkylene oxides with ammonia, primary or secondary amines, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, oxygen acids of phosphorus and C 2 -C 6 -dicarboxylic acids.
  • Suitable reaction products of ethylene oxide with ammonia, primary or secondary amines, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, oxygen acids of phosphorus and C 2 -C 6 -dicarboxylic acids are also suitable as M-OH and M'-OH.
  • Nitrogen compounds are triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, n-butyldiethanolamine, n-dodecyldiethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, n-butylmethyl- ethanolamine, di-n-butyl-ethanolamine, n-dodecylmethylethanolamine, tetrahydroxyethylethylenediamine or pentahydroxyethyldiethylenetriamine.
  • Preferred alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide, 1, 2-propylene oxide, 1, 2-epoxybutane, 1, 2-epoxyethylbenzene, (2,3-epoxypropyl) benzene, 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol and 3,4-epoxy-1 butene.
  • Suitable solvents are the solvents mentioned in process step a) and also the alcohols M-OH, M'-OH and the alkylene oxides used. These offer advantages in terms of a higher space-time yield.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out under its own vapor pressure of the alcohol M-OH, M'-OH and alkylene oxide used and / or of the solvent.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out at a partial pressure of the alcohol used M-OH 1 M'-OH and alkylene oxide from 0.01 to 100 bar, more preferably at a partial pressure of the alcohol of 0.1 to 10 bar.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature of -20 to 340 ° C., more preferably at a temperature of 20 to 180 ° C.
  • the reaction takes place at a total pressure of 1 to 100 bar.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in a molar ratio of the alcohol or alkylene oxide component to the phosphinic acid source (I) or alkylphosphonous acid (II) or monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VII) or monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VI) or monohydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (II).
  • III of 10,000: 1 to 0.001: 1, more preferably in the ratio of 1000: 1 to 0.01: 1.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in a molar ratio of the phosphinic acid source (I) or alkylphosphonous acid (II) or monofunctionalized Dialkylphosphinic acid (VII) or monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VI) or monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (III) to the solvent of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0, particularly preferably in a phosphinic solvent molar ratio of 1:50 to 1: 1 ,
  • Catalyst B as used for process step b) for the reaction of alkylphosphonous acid, its salts or esters (II) with an acetylenic compound (V) to give monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, its salts and esters (VI), may preferably be Catalyst A be.
  • R 5 and R 6 are preferably independently of each other and represent H and / or d-C ⁇ -alkyl, C ⁇ -C-i ⁇ -aryl and / or C 7 -C 2 o-alkylaryl (optionally substituted).
  • R 5 and R 6 are H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, i-pentyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, phenyl, naphthyl , ToIyI, 2-phenylethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 3-phenyl-propyl and / or 2-phenylpropyl.
  • acetylenic compounds preference is given to acetylene, methylacetylene, 1-butyne, 1-hexyne, 2-hexyne, 1-octyne, 4-octyne, 1-butyne-4-ol, 2-butyne-1-ol, 3-butyne-1 -ol, 5-hexyn-1-ol, 1-octyn-3-ol, 1-pentyne, phenylacetylene and / or trimethylsilylacetylene used.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a phosphinic acid of the formula (X),
  • R 11 and R 1Z independently of one another C 2 -C 2 o-alkyl, C 2 -C 2 o-aryl or C 8 -C 20 - alkaryl, optionally substituted.
  • R 11 and R 12 are each independently methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, phenyl, naphthyl, ToIyI or XyIyI (substituted if necessary).
  • the proportion of phosphinic acid (X) based on the alkyl phosphonous acid used (II) 0.01 to 100 mol%, particularly preferably 0.1 to 10 mol%.
  • the reaction takes place at temperatures of 30 to 120 0 C and more preferably at 50 to 90 0 C.
  • the reaction time is 0.1 to 20 hours.
  • the reaction is carried out under its own vapor pressure of the acetylenic compound (V) and / or the solvent.
  • Suitable solvents for process step b) are those which are used further in process step a).
  • the reaction preferably takes place at a partial pressure of the acetylenic compound of 0.01-100 bar, more preferably 0.1-10 bar.
  • the ratio of acetylenic compound (V) to alkylphosphonous acid (II) is preferably 10000: 1 to 0.001: 1, more preferably 30: 1 to 0.01: 1.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in an alkylphosphonous acid catalyst molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 0.00000001, more preferably in an alkylphosphonous acid catalyst molar ratio of 1: 0.25 to 1: 0.000001.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in an alkylphosphonous acid solvent molar ratio of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0, more preferably in an alkylphosphonous acid solvent molar ratio of 1:50 to 1: 1.
  • the reaction described in step c) is achieved by hydroformylation of the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VI) by carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst C.
  • Catalyst C as it is for process step c) for the reaction of the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (VI) with carbon monoxide and hydrogen to give the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (VII), may preferably be catalyst A.
  • the transition metal for the catalyst C is rhodium and cobalt.
  • transition metals and transition metal compounds listed under Catalyst A, the following transition metals and transition metal compounds can also be used:
  • the proportion of catalyst C based on the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VI) used is preferably 0.00001 to 20 mol%, more preferably 0.00001 to 5 mol%.
  • Suitable solvents are those as used further in process step a).
  • M-OH and M'-OH for Hydroalkoxycarbonyl ist z.
  • ethylene glycol 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 4-cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerol, trishydroxymethylethane, trishydroxymethylpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, ⁇ -naphthol, Polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols and EO-PO block polymers, n-buten-2-ol-1, 1, 4-butenediol and allyl alcohol.
  • the reaction is carried out at temperatures of 30 to 200 0 C and more preferably at 50 to 150 0 C.
  • the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 20 hours.
  • the process step c) is preferably carried out at an absolute pressure of 0.01 to 1000 bar, particularly preferably 0.1 to 250 bar, in particular 0.8 to 75 bar.
  • the reaction is carried out under the vapor pressure of the solvent.
  • the reaction preferably takes place at a partial pressure of carbon monoxide and / or hydrogen of 0.02-700 bar, particularly preferably 0.2-200 bar and in particular 1-50 bar.
  • the ratio of hydrogen and / or carbon monoxide to dialkylphosphinic acid (VI) is preferably from 10,000: 1 to 0.001: 1, more preferably from 30: 1 to 0.01: 1.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in a dialkylphosphinic acid catalyst molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 0.00000001, more preferably in a dialkylphosphinic acid catalyst molar ratio of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.000001.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in a dialkylphosphinic acid solvent molar ratio of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0, more preferably in a dialkylphosphinic acid solvent molar ratio of 1:50 to 1: 1.
  • the hydroformulation according to the invention can be carried out in the liquid phase, in the gas phase or else in the supercritical phase. It is the Catalyst for liquids preferably used homogeneously or as a suspension, while as in gas-phase or supercritical driving a fixed bed arrangement is advantageous.
  • the ratio of carbon monoxide to hydrogen is preferably 1: 1 to 1:15, particularly preferably 1: 1 to: 1.2.
  • the ratio of carbon monoxide to water or the alcohol M-OH or M'-OH is preferably 1: 1 to 1: 5000, particularly preferably 1: 1 to: 10.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out in the liquid phase. Therefore, the pressure in the reactor is preferably adjusted so that the reactants are in liquid form under the reaction temperature used. Furthermore, it is preferred that the hydrogen cyanide is used in liquid form.
  • one or more reactors may be used, which are preferably connected in series using multiple reactors.
  • step d) to give the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, its salts and esters (III) is carried out by hydrogenating the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, its salts and esters (VII) by means of selective hydrogenation by a reducing agent or catalytically by hydrogen in the presence of hydrogen Catalyst D and optionally an amine and a promoter achieved.
  • Preferred reducing agents are metal hydrides, borohydrides, metal borohydrides, aluminum hydrides, metal aluminum hydrides.
  • Examples of preferred reducing agents are decaborane, diborane, diisobutylaluminum hydride, dimethylsulphidborane, dimethylsulphidborane, copper hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, sodium bis (2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, nickel borohydride, tributyltin hydride, tin hydride.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in a dialkylphosphinic acid reducing agent molar ratio of from 1:10 to 1: 0.1, particularly preferably in a dialkylphosphinic acid reducing agent molar ratio of from 1: 2 to 1: 0.25.
  • the preferred catalytic hydrogenation is carried out by means of hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst D and optionally an amine and a promoter.
  • the catalyst D as it is for the process step d) for the reaction of the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (VII) with hydrogen and optionally an amine and a promoter to the mono-amino-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (III), may preferably be the catalyst A.
  • Catalyst C In addition to the ligands and bidentate ligands listed under Catalyst A, the compounds listed under Catalyst C can also be used.
  • the proportion of catalyst D based on the monofunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid (VII) used is preferably 0.00001 to 20 mol%, more preferably 0.00001 to 10 mol%.
  • the hydrogenation reaction preferably takes place in the presence of an amine.
  • Preferred amines are ammonia, monoamines, diamines, higher amines.
  • Preferred monoamines are for example amines of the formula R'-NH 2> wherein R 1 is linear or branched Ci corresponds to 20 -Alykl.
  • R 1 is linear or branched Ci corresponds to 20 -Alykl.
  • Preferred are methylamine, ethylamine, propylamines, i-propylamine, butylamine, i-butylamine, pentylamine and 2-ethylhexylamine.
  • Preferred diamines are for example amines of the formula H 2 NR "-NH 2, wherein R" is linear or branched Ci corresponds to 20 -Alykl.
  • Preferred are ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, diaminobutane, pentamethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine.
  • the partial pressure of the ammonia is preferably 0.01 to 100 bar, more preferably 0.05 to 50 bar, in particular 0.1 to 20 bar performed.
  • the concentration of ammonia in the reaction mixture is 1 to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 25 wt .-%.
  • the concentration of monoamine and / or diamine in the reaction mixture is 1 to 80 wt .-%, particularly preferably 5 to 60 wt .-%.
  • the hydrogenation reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of a promoter, preference being given as promoters to alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides and alcoholates.
  • promoters preference being given as promoters to alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides and alcoholates.
  • preferred promoters are NaOH, KOH, Mg (OH) 2 , Ca (OH) 2 , Ba (OH) 2 and sodium or potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide or sodium butoxide, with NaOH, KOH being particularly preferred.
  • the ratio of promoter to catalyst is preferably about 0.001: 1 to 0.5: 1, preferably about 0.01: 1 to 0.2: 1, more preferably 0.04: 1 to 0.1: 1.
  • At least part of the promoter and, secondly, the amine are added to the catalyst and / or the solution / suspension containing the catalyst.
  • at least 10 wt .-%, preferably 20 wt .-% and particularly preferably 50 wt .-% of the promoter is added first.
  • the transition metals are used in their zerovalent state.
  • the heterogeneous catalyst acts during the reaction as a suspension or bound to a solid phase.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out in a solvent as a one-phase system in homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture and / or in the gas phase.
  • Suitable solvents are those as used further in process step a).
  • the reaction preferably takes place in a dialkylphosphinic acid solvent molar ratio of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0, more preferably in a dialkylphosphinic acid solvent molar ratio of 1:50 to 1: 1.
  • the reaction is carried out at temperatures of 20 to 200 0 C and more preferably from 40 to 150 0 C, in particular from 60 to 100 0 C.
  • the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 20 hours.
  • the reaction is preferably carried out under the partial pressure of the hydrogen and / or of the solvent.
  • the process step of the process according to the invention is preferably carried out at a partial pressure of the hydrogen of 0.1 to 100 bar, particularly preferably 0.5 to 50 bar, in particular 1 to 20 bar.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in a dialkylphosphinic acid solvent molar ratio of 1: 10,000 to 1: 0, more preferably in a dialkylphosphinic acid solvent molar ratio of 1:50 to 1: 1.
  • the hydrogenation according to the invention can be carried out in the liquid phase, in the gas phase or else in the supercritical phase.
  • the catalyst is preferably used homogeneously or as a suspension, while a fixed-bed arrangement is advantageous in the case of gas-phase or supercritical operation.
  • the mono-hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid or its salt (IM) can be subsequently converted into further metal salts.
  • the metal compounds used in process step e) are preferably compounds of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K particularly preferably Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, Zn, Sn, Ce, Fe.
  • Suitable solvents for process step e) are those which are used further up in process step a).
  • the reaction preferably takes place in process stage e) in an aqueous medium.
  • process stage e) the obtained according to process stage d) obtained mono-hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, their esters and / or alkali metal salts (III) with metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe to the mono-hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic salts (III) of these metals.
  • the reaction takes place in a molar ratio of monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid / ester / salt (III) to metal of 8: 1 to 1: 3 (for tetravalent metal ions or metals having a stable tetravalent oxidation state) of from 6: 1 to 1 3 (for trivalent metal ions or metals with stable trivalent oxidation state), from 4 to 1 to 1 to 3 (for divalent metal ions or metals with stable divalent oxidation state) and from 3 to 1 to 1 to 4 (for monovalent metal ions or metals with stable monovalent oxidation state).
  • monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid ester / salt (III) obtained in process stage d) is converted into the corresponding dialkylphosphinic acid and in process stage e) it is reacted with metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe to the monohydroxy-functionalized Dialkylphosphinklad (Ml) of these metals.
  • dialkylphosphinic acid ester (III) obtained in process step d) is converted into a dialkylphosphinic alkali salt and in process stage e) this is reacted with metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe to the monohydroxy-functionalized Dialkylphosphinklad (III) of these metals.
  • the metal compounds of Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe for process stage e) are preferably metals, metal oxides, hydroxides, oxide hydroxides, borates, carbonates, hydroxocarbonates , hydroxocarbonate hydrates, mixed hydroxocarbonates, - mixed hydroxocarbonate hydrates, phosphates, sulphates, sulphate hydrates, hydroxysulphate hydrates, mixed hydroxysulphate hydrates, oxysulphates, acetates, nitrates, fluorides, fluoride hydrates, chlorides, chloride hydrate, oxychlorides, bromides, iodides, iodide hydrates, carboxylic acid derivatives and / or alkoxides.
  • the metal compounds are preferably aluminum chloride, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, titanyl sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc oxide, zinc hydroxide and / or zinc sulfate.
  • metallic aluminum fluoride, hydroxychloride, bromide, iodide, sulfide, selenide; phosphide, hypophosphite, antimonide, nitride; carbide, hexafluorosilicate; hydride, calcium hydride, borohydride; chlorate; Sodium aluminum sulfate, aluminum potassium sulfate, aluminum ammonium sulfate, nitrate, metaphosphate, phosphate, silicate, magnesium silicate, carbonate, hydrotalcite, sodium carbonate, borate; thiocyanate; oxide, oxyhydroxide, their corresponding hydrates and / or polyaluminum hydroxy compounds, which preferably have an aluminum content of 9 to 40% by weight.
  • aluminum salts of mono-, di-, oligo-, polycarboxylic acids such as.
  • elemental, metallic zinc and zinc salts such as zinc halides (zinc fluoride, zinc chlorides, zinc bromide, zinc iodide).
  • zinc borate carbonate, hydroxide carbonate, silicate, hexafluorosilicate, stannate, hydroxide stannate, magnesium aluminum
  • hydroxide carbonate nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, pyrophosphate; sulphate, phosphide, selenide, telluride and zinc salts of the oxo acids of the seventh main group (hypohalites, halides, halogenates, eg zinc iodate, perhalates, eg zinc perchlorate); Zinc salts of pseudohalides (zinc thiocyanate, cyanate, cyanide); Zinc oxides, peroxides, hydroxides or mixed zinc oxide hydroxides.
  • zinc salts of the oxo acids of the transition metals for example zinc chromate (VI) hydroxide, chromite, molybdate, permanganate, molybdate.
  • zinc salts of mono-, di-, oligo-, polycarboxylic acids such as. B. zinc formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, caprylate, oleate, stearate, oxalate, tartrate, citrate, benzoate, salicylate, lactate, acrylate, maleate, succinate, salts of amino acids (glycine), acidic hydroxy functions (zinc phenolate, etc.), zinc p-phenolsulfonate, acetylacetonate, stannate, dimethyldithiocarbamate, trifluoromethanesulfonate.
  • Titanium compounds include metallic titanium, as well as titanium (III) and / or (IV) chloride, nitrate, sulfate, formate, acetate, bromide, fluoride, oxychloride, oxysulfate, oxide, n-propoxide, n-butoxide, isopropoxide, ethoxide, 2-ethylhexyl oxide.
  • metallic tin and tin salts tin (II) and / or (IV) chloride
  • Tin oxides and tin alkoxide such.
  • Tin (IV) tert-butoxide is also suitable.
  • cerium (III) fluoride is also suitable.
  • chloride is also suitable.
  • nitrate is also suitable.
  • zirconium compounds metallic zirconium and zirconium salts such as zirconium chloride, sulfate, zirconyl acetate, zirconyl chloride are preferred. Further preferred are zirconium oxides and zirconium (IV) tert-butoxide.
  • the reaction in process stage e) preferably takes place at a solids content of the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid salts of from 0.1 to 70% by weight, preferably from 5 to 40% by weight.
  • the reaction in process step e) is preferably carried out at a temperature of 20 to 250 0 C 1 preferably at a temperature of 80 to 120 0 C.
  • the reaction in process stage d) preferably takes place at a pressure of between 0.01 and 1000 bar, preferably 0.1 to 100 bar.
  • the reaction preferably takes place in process stage d) during a reaction time of 1 * 10 -7 to 1 * 10 2 h.
  • the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid salt (III) removed by filtration and / or centrifuging after process stage d) is preferably dried.
  • the product mixture obtained after process step d) is reacted with the metal compounds without further purification.
  • Preferred solvents are the solvents mentioned in process step a).
  • reaction in process stage d) and / or e) is preferably in the solvent system given by stage a), b) and / or c).
  • reaction in process step e) is preferably in a modified given solvent system.
  • acidic components, solubilizers, foam inhibitors, etc. are added.
  • the product mixture obtained after process stage a), b), c) and / or d) is worked up.
  • the product mixture obtained after process stage d) is worked up and then the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and / or their salts or esters (III) obtained in process stage d) are reacted with the metal compounds in process stage e).
  • the product mixture is worked up according to process stage d) by isolating the mono-hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and / or their salts or esters (III) by removing the solvent system, for. B. by evaporation.
  • the mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid salt (III) of the metals Mg, Ca, Al, Zn, Ti, Sn 1 Zr, Ce or Fe selectively has a residual moisture content of 0.01 to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 0.1 to 1 Wt .-%, an average particle size of 0.1 to 2000 .mu.m, preferably from 10 to 500 .mu.m, a bulk density of 80 to 800 g / l, preferably from 200 to 700 g / l, a flowability of Pfrengle of 0.5 to 10, preferably from 1 to 5, on.
  • the shaped bodies, films, threads and fibers particularly preferably contain 5 to 30% by weight of the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid / ester / salts prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, 5 to 90% by weight.
  • the additives are preferably antioxidants, antistatics, blowing agents, other flame retardants, heat stabilizers, impact modifiers, process aids, lubricants, light stabilizers, anti-dripping agents, compatibilizers, reinforcing agents, fillers,
  • Nucleating agents Nucleating agents, nucleating agents, laser marking additives, hydrolysis stabilizers, chain extenders, color pigments, plasticizers and / or plasticizers. Preference is given to a flame retardant containing 0.1 to 90 wt .-% of low-halogen mono-hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, esters and salts (IM) and 0.1 to 50 wt .-% further additives, more preferably diols.
  • IM mono-hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, esters and salts
  • Preferred additives are also aluminum trihydrate, antimony oxide, brominated aromatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, phenols, ethers, chlorinated paraffin, hexachlorocyclopentadiene adducts, red phosphorus, melamine derivatives, melamine cyanurates, ammonium polyphosphates and magnesium hydroxide.
  • Preferred additives are also other flame retardants, in particular salts of dialkylphosphinic acids.
  • the invention relates to the use of the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid, esters and salts (III) according to the invention as flame retardants or as an intermediate for the preparation of
  • thermoplastic polymers such as polyester, polystyrene or polyamide
  • thermosetting polymers such as unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethanes or acrylates.
  • Suitable polyesters are derived from dicarboxylic acids and their esters and diols and / or from hydroxycarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactones. Preference is given to using terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol, propane-1,3-diol and butane-1,3-diol.
  • Suitable polyesters include polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate (Celanex ® 2500, Celanex ® 2002, from Celanese;. Ultradur ®, BASF), poly-1, 4- dimethylolcyclohexane terephthalate, polyhydroxybenzoates, and also block polyether esters derived from polyethers having hydroxyl end groups; also with polycarbonates or MBS modified polyester.
  • Synthetic linear polyesters with permanent flame retardancy are composed of dicarboxylic acid components, diol components of the monohydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and esters according to the invention or of the following mono-hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and esters prepared by the process according to the invention are combined as phosphorus-containing chain members.
  • the phosphorus-containing chain members make up 2-20% by weight of the dicarboxylic acid component of the polyester.
  • the resulting phosphorus content in the polyester is preferably 0.1-5% by weight, more preferably 0.5-3% by weight.
  • the preparation of the molding composition starting from the free dicarboxylic acid and diols is first esterified directly and then polycondensed.
  • dicarboxylic acid esters in particular dimethyl esters
  • it is first transesterified and then polycondensed using the customary catalysts.
  • conventional additives crosslinking agents, matting and stabilizing agents, nucleating agents, dyes and fillers, etc. may preferably be added during polyester production.
  • the esterification and / or transesterification takes place in the polyester production at temperatures of 100-300 ° C., more preferably at 150-250 ° C.
  • the polycondensation takes place in the polyester production at pressures between 0.1 to 1, 5 mbar and temperatures of 150 to 450 0 C, more preferably at 200 - 300 0 C.
  • polyester moldings prepared according to the invention are preferably used in polyester moldings.
  • Preferred polyester moldings are threads, fibers, films and moldings which contain as the dicarboxylic acid component mainly terephthalic acid and as the diol component mainly ethylene glycol.
  • the resulting phosphorus content in threads and fibers produced from flame-retardant polyester is preferably 0.1-18, preferably 0.5-15, and for films 0.2-15, preferably 0.9-12 wt%.
  • Suitable polystyrenes are polystyrene, poly (p-methylstyrene) and / or poly (alphamethylstyrene).
  • the suitable polystyrenes are copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene with dienes or acrylic derivatives, such as. Styrene-butadiene, styrene-acrylonitrile, styrene-alkyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-alkyl acrylate and methacrylate, styrene-maleic anhydride, styrene-acrylonitrile-methyl acrylate; Blends of high impact strength of styrene copolymers and another polymer, such as.
  • styrene such as. Styrene-butadiene-styrene, styrene-isoprene-styrene, styrene-ethylene / butylene-styrene or styrene-ethylene / propylene-styrene.
  • the suitable polystyrenes are also graft copolymers of styrene or alpha-methylstyrene, such as. Styrene on polybutadiene, styrene on polybutadiene-styrene or polybutadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers, styrene and acrylonitrile (or methacrylonitrile) on polybutadiene; Styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate on polybutadiene; Styrene and maleic anhydride on polybutadiene; Styrene, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride or maleimide on polybutadiene; Styrene and maleimide on polybutadiene, styrene and alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates on polybutadiene, styrene and acrylonitrile on ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers,
  • the polymers are preferably polyamides and copolyamides derived from diamines and dicarboxylic acids and / or from aminocarboxylic acids or the corresponding lactams, such as polyamide 2,12, polyamide 4, polyamide 4,6, polyamide 6, polyamide 6,6 , Polyamide 6,9, polyamide 6,10, polyamide 6,12, polyamide 6,66, polyamide 7,7, polyamide 8,8, polyamide 9,9, polyamide 10,9, polyamide 10,10, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, etc.
  • Such polyamides are z. B under the tradename Nylon ®, DuPont, Ultramid ®, BASF, Akulon ® K122, from DSM, Zytel ® 7301, from DuPont....; Durethan ® B 29, Messrs. Bayer and Grillamid® ®, Fa. Ems Chemie.
  • aromatic polyamides starting from m-xylene, diamine and adipic acid; Polyamides prepared from hexamethylenediamine and isophthalic and / or terephthalic acid and optionally an elastomer as a modifier, for. B. poly-2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene terephthalamide or poly-m-phenylene isophthalamide, block copolymers of the aforementioned polyamides with polyolefins, olefin copolymers, ionomers or chemically bonded or grafted elastomers, or with polyethers, such as. B. with polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol or polytetramethylene glycol. Further modified with EPDM or ABS polyamides or copolyamides; and during processing condensed polyamides ("RIM polyamide systems").
  • the mono-hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid / ester / salts prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 10 are preferably used in molding compositions which are further used for the production of polymer moldings.
  • the flame-retardant molding composition particularly preferably comprises 5 to 30% by weight of monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, 5 to 90% by weight of polymer or mixtures thereof to 40 wt .-% of additives and 5 to 40 wt .-% filler, wherein the sum of the components is always 100 wt .-%.
  • the invention also relates to flame retardants containing the monohydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acids, salts or esters prepared according to one or more of claims 1 to 10.
  • the invention polymer molding compositions and molded polymeric articles, films, threads and fibers relates containing the hydroxy-functionalized dialkylphosphinic salts of mono- according to the invention (III) of the metals Mg, Ca, Al 1 Zn, Ti, Sn, Zr, Ce or Fe.
  • the flame retardant components are mixed with the polymer granules and any additives and on a twin-screw extruder (type Leistritz LSM ® 30/34) at temperatures of 230 to 260 0 C (PBT-GV) or from 260 to 280 0 C (PA 66 -GV) incorporated.
  • PBT-GV twin-screw extruder
  • PA 66 -GV twin-screw extruder
  • the molding compositions were processed in an injection molding machine (Aarburg Allrounder) at melt temperatures of 240-270 0 C (PBT-GV) and 260-290 0 C (PA 66-GV) into test specimens.
  • the specimens are tested and classified for flame retardance (flame retardance) using the UL 94 (Underwriter Laboratories) test.
  • V-O no afterburning longer than 10 sec, sum of afterburning times at 10
  • V-1 no afterburning for more than 30 seconds after firing end, sum of afterburning times for 10 flame treatments not greater than 250 seconds, no afterglowing of samples longer than 60 seconds after flaming end, other criteria as in VO V-2: ignition of cotton wool due to burning Dripping, other criteria as for V-1 Not classifiable (nkl): does not meet fire class V-2.
  • the LOI value was also measured.
  • the LOI value (Limiting Oxygen Index) is determined according to ISO 4589. According to ISO 4589, the LOI corresponds to the lowest concentration by volume of oxygen which, in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen, is just the combustion of the
  • reaction mixture is freed from the solvent on a rotary evaporator.
  • residue is treated with 100 g of demineralized water and stirred at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere, then filtered and the filtrate is extracted with toluene, then freed from solvent on a rotary evaporator and the resulting ethylphosphonous collected. 92 g (98% of theory) of ethylphosphonous acid are thus obtained.
  • Example 1 As in Example 1, 198 g of phosphinic acid, 198 g of water, 84 g of ethylene, 6.1 mg of palladium (II) sulfate, 25.8 mg of 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis (diphenylphosphino) -2,7- reacted sulfonatoxanthen disodium salt, then added to the purification over a charged with Deloxan ® THP II column and then added n-butanol. At a reaction temperature of 80-110 0 C, the water formed is removed by azeotropic distillation. The product is purified by distillation at reduced pressure. 374 g (83% of theory) of butyl ethylphosphonite are thus obtained.
  • Example 5 At room temperature, in a three-necked flask with stirrer and
  • acetic acid is placed in a three-necked flask equipped with stirrer and intensive condenser and degassed while stirring and passing nitrogen through. Then, under nitrogen, 1.35 g (6 mmol) of palladium acetate and 3.47 g (6 mmol) of xanthophos are added and stirred, then 19 g (0.2 mol) of ethylphosphonous acid (prepared as in Example 1) are added and the
  • Ethyl vinylphosphinate of butyl is purified by distillation at reduced pressure.
  • Rhodiumbiscarbonylacetylacetonate 105 mg (1, 0 mmol) of triphenylphosphine, 25.2 g (0.1 mol) ethyl (1-phenyl-vinyl) -phosphinic acid butyl ester (prepared as in Example 7) and 100 ml of Texanol at 100 0 C with a synthesis gas mixture CO / H 2 (1: 1) reacted at 10 bar , After a reaction time of 4 hours, the autoclave was decompressed, the solvent removed in vacuo and the product purified by chromatography. 25.1 g (89% of theory) of ethyl (1-phenyl-2-formylethyl) -phosphinic acid butyl ester are obtained as a colorless oil.
  • Ethylvinylphosphin yarn (prepared as in Example 6) and 100 ml of Texanol at 100 0 C with a synthesis gas mixture CO / H2 (1: 1) reacted at 10 bar. After a reaction time of 4 hours, the autoclave was decompressed, the solvent removed in vacuo and the product purified by chromatography. There are obtained 13.1 g (87% of theory) of ethyl (2-formylethyl) phosphinic acid as a colorless oil.
  • the residue obtained is taken up in 150 g of water with about 30 g (0.37 mol) of 50% sodium hydroxide solution and then neutralized by addition of about 18.1 g (0.19 mol) of concentrated sulfuric acid. Subsequently, the water is distilled off in vacuo. The residue is taken up in ethanol and the insoluble salts are filtered off. The solvent of the filtrate is separated in vacuo. The product is purified by chromatography. There are obtained 37.1 g (66% of theory) of ethyl-3-hydroxypropylphosphin yarn as a colorless oil.
  • Example 22 456 g (3 mol) of ethyl-3-hydroxypropylphosphinic acid (prepared as in Example 16) are dissolved at 85 ° C. in 400 ml of toluene and admixed with 888 g (12 mol) of butanol. At a reaction temperature of about 100 0 C, the water formed is removed by azeotropic distillation. 524 g (84% of theory) of ethyl (3) are obtained. hydroxypropyl) -phosphin Acid Tartone, 1,3-butylester purified by distillation at reduced pressure.
  • Example 23 684 g (3.0 mol) of ethyl (1-phenyl-3-hydroxypropyl) -phosphinic acid (prepared as in Example 19) are dissolved in 400 ml of toluene at 80 ° C. and admixed with 594 g (6.6 mol) 1, 4-butanediol and esterified in a distillation apparatus with water at about 100 0 C for 4h. After completion of the esterification, the toluene is removed in vacuo. This gives 666 g (74% of theory) of ethyl (1-phenyl-3-hydroxypropyl) -phosphinic acid 4-hydroxybutyl ester as a colorless oil.
  • Example 25 In a 500 ml five-necked flask with gas inlet tube, thermometer,
  • Terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and ethyl 3-hydroxypropylphosphinic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester prepared as in Example 24 in the weight ratio 1000: 650: 70, in the presence of zinc acetate and antimony (III) oxide among the polymerized under normal conditions.
  • 290 g of terephthalic acid, 182 g of ethylene glycol, 0.34 g of zinc acetate are added to 19.6 g of ethyl 3-hydroxypropylphosphinic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester and the mixture is heated to 200 ° C. for 2 hours.
  • 0.29 g of trisodium phosphate anhydrate and 0.14 g of antimony (III) oxide are added, heated to 280 0 C and then evacuated.
  • Lithium acetate was added and the mixture was first heated for 2 hours with stirring to 130 to 180 0 C, then under reduced pressure to 270 0 C.
  • the polymer (433 g) contains 0.6% phosphorus, the LOI is 34.
  • a mixture of 50 wt .-% of polybutylene terephthalate, 20 wt .-% of ethyl (3-hydroxypropyl) phosphinic acid aluminum (III) salt (as prepared in Example 20) and 30 wt .-% of glass fibers are compounded in a twin: Extruder ( Leistritz LSM 30/34 type) at temperatures of 230 to 260 0 C to form a polymer molding compound.
  • the homogenized polymer strand was stripped off, cooled in a water bath and then granulated. After drying, the molding compositions on an injection molding machine (Typ
  • a mixture of 53% by weight of polyamide 6.6, 30% by weight of glass fibers, 17% by weight of ethyl (1-phenyl-3-hydroxypropyl) -phosphinic titanium salt (prepared as in Example 21) are used on a twin-screw extruder (Type Leistritz LSM 30/34) compounded into polymer molding compounds.
  • the homogenized polymer strand was stripped off, cooled in a water bath and then granulated. After drying, the molding compositions are processed on an injection molding machine (type Aarburg Allrounder) at 260 to 290 0 C to form polymer moldings and obtained a UL-94 classification of VO.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire des acides, des esters et des sels dialkylphosphiniques à fonctionnalisation monohydroxy, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste : a) à faire réagir une source d'acide phosphinique (I) avec des oléfines (IV) en présence d'un catalyseur (A) pour obtenir un acide alkylphosphonique, ses sels ou esters (II), b) à faire réagir l'acide alkylphosphonique produit, ses sels ou esters (II) avec des composés acétyléniques de formule (V) en présence d'un catalyseur (B) pour obtenir un dérivé d'acide dialkylphosphinique monofonctionnalisé (VI), et c) à faire réagir ce dérivé d'acide dialkylphosphinique monofonctionnalisé (VI) avec du monoxyde de carbone et de l'hydrogène en présence d'un catalyseur (C) pour obtenir le dérivé d'acide dialkylphosphinique monofonctionnalisé (VII), et d) à faire réagir ce dérivé d'acide dialkylphosphinique monofonctionnalisé (VII) en présence d'un catalyseur (D) pour obtenir le dérivé d'acide dialkylphosphinique à fonctionnalisation mono-hydroxy (III). Selon l'invention, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 sont identiques ou différents et représentent indépendamment les uns des autres, entre autres, H, alkyle en C1-C18, aryle en C6-C18, aralkyle en C6-C18, alkylaryle en C6-C18 et X représente H, alkyle en C1-C18, aryle en C6-C18, aralkyle en C6-C18, alkylaryle en C6-C18, Mg, Ca, AI, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Cu, Ni, Li, Na, K et /ou une base azotée protonée. En outre, les catalyseurs (A), (B), (C) et (D) se présentent sous la forme de métaux de transition et/ou de composés de métaux de transition et/ou de systèmes de catalyseur comprenant un métal de transition et/ou un composé de métal de transition et au moins un ligand.
EP09778832A 2008-11-06 2009-10-06 Procédé pour produire des acides, des esters et des sels dialkylphosphiniques à fonctionnalisation mono-hydroxy et leur utilisation Withdrawn EP2346886A1 (fr)

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US9139714B2 (en) * 2008-11-05 2015-09-22 Clariant Finance (Bvi) Limited Method for producing dialkylphosphinic acids and esters and salts thereof by means of allyl alcohols-acroleins and use thereof
CN102186864A (zh) * 2008-11-07 2011-09-14 科莱恩金融(Bvi)有限公司 利用丙烯酸衍生物制备二烷基次膦酸、二烷基次膦酸酯和二烷基次膦酸盐的方法，以及它们的用途
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DE102008056339A1 (de) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-12 Clariant International Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von mono-aminofunktionalisierten Dialkylphosphinsäuren, -estern und -salzen und ihre Verwendung
DE102008056341A1 (de) * 2008-11-07 2010-05-12 Clariant International Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von monoaminofunktionalisierten Dialkylphosphinsäuren, -estern und -salzen mittels Acrylnitrilen und ihre Verwendung
CN102171226B (zh) * 2008-11-11 2015-02-11 科莱恩金融(Bvi)有限公司 利用烯丙基化合物制备单烯丙基官能化的二烷基次膦酸、其盐或酯的方法以及它们的用途
DE102008060035A1 (de) * 2008-12-02 2010-06-10 Clariant International Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von mono-hydroxyfunktionalisierten Dialkylphosphinsäuren, -estern und -salzen mittels Vinylester einer Carbonsäure und ihre Verwendung
DE102008060036A1 (de) * 2008-12-02 2010-06-10 Clariant International Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von mono-carboxyfunktionalisierten Dialkylphosphinsäuren, -estern und -salzen mittels Vinylester einer Carbonsäure und ihre Verwendung
DE102008060535A1 (de) 2008-12-04 2010-06-10 Clariant International Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von mono-carboxyfunktionalisierten Dialkylphosphinsäuren, -estern und -salzen mittels Vinylether und ihre Verwendung
DE102008063642A1 (de) 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Clariant International Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von monocarboxyfunktionalisierten Dialkylphosphinsäuren, -estern und -salzen mittels Alkylenoxiden und ihre Verwendung
CN103724372B (zh) 2008-12-18 2017-03-01 科莱恩金融(Bvi)有限公司 亚乙基二烷基次膦酸、亚乙基二烷基次膦酸酯和亚乙基二烷基次膦酸盐的用途
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DE102008063627A1 (de) 2008-12-18 2010-06-24 Clariant International Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von monohydroxyfunktionalisierten Dialkylphosphinsäuren,-estern und -salzen mittels Ethylenoxid und ihre Verwendung
DE102008064003A1 (de) 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Clariant International Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von mono-funktionalisierten Dialkylphosphinsäuren, -estern und -salzen und ihre Verwendung
DE102008064012A1 (de) 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Clariant International Limited Halogenfreie Addukte von Alkylphosphonigsäurederivaten und diesterbildenden Olefinen, halogenfreie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung und ihre Verwendung
CA3070601A1 (fr) 2017-07-24 2019-01-31 Icl-Ip America Inc. Mousse de polyurethane rigide contenant un retardateur de flamme reactif
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CN112920394B (zh) * 2021-01-29 2022-03-01 江南大学 一种乳酸基环保增塑剂的制备方法及其应用
CN113912829B (zh) * 2021-11-14 2023-04-21 福州大学 一种金属有机框架催化环氧化物与环酸酐开环共聚的方法
CN115837287A (zh) * 2023-01-29 2023-03-24 广东工业大学 一种壳聚糖改性的过硫酸盐催化剂及其制备和应用

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