EP2344288A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser un filetage extérieur sans enlèvement de matière sur des pièces creuses en métal - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser un filetage extérieur sans enlèvement de matière sur des pièces creuses en métal

Info

Publication number
EP2344288A2
EP2344288A2 EP09767936A EP09767936A EP2344288A2 EP 2344288 A2 EP2344288 A2 EP 2344288A2 EP 09767936 A EP09767936 A EP 09767936A EP 09767936 A EP09767936 A EP 09767936A EP 2344288 A2 EP2344288 A2 EP 2344288A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blank
jaws
thread
tool
hollow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09767936A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hilmar Gensert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sieber Forming Solutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Sieber Forming Solutions GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sieber Forming Solutions GmbH filed Critical Sieber Forming Solutions GmbH
Publication of EP2344288A2 publication Critical patent/EP2344288A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/56—Making machine elements screw-threaded elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K27/00—Handling devices, e.g. for feeding, aligning, discharging, Cutting-off means; Arrangement thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for chipless production of an external thread on hollow metal workpieces for use as hollow screws, hollow shafts, threaded sleeves or fittings as a stable connection or fastening elements, and a device suitable for carrying out the method.
  • two classical types of processes are known, which are used in practice, depending on the size of the thread, the shape of the workpiece and / or the hardness of the metallic material, the rolling or cutting threads.
  • rolling or rolling machines are used with two or three driven round rollers or mutually moving flat jaws (parallel jaws).
  • the thread can also be produced by means of lathes clamped in lathes, wherein the workpiece is driven.
  • the rolling or rolling of external threads on hollow cylindrical workpieces made of metal has gained in mass production in practice the greatest importance.
  • a prerequisite for this is that the hollow cylindrical workpieces have a sufficient wall thickness.
  • the wall thickness should be at least about 1/5 of the outer diameter / wall thickness on thread rolling on two-roll rolling machines and about 1/8 of the outer diameter / wall thickness on three-roll rolling machines.
  • the thread can only be produced by machining or by means of rolling heads on lathes.
  • Producing the thread on multi-spindle turning or tapping machines is more material and time consuming than in a forming production.
  • In the production of external threads by cutting shaping on automatic lathes by means of lathe tools it is not possible to achieve a press-finished, cold-worked surface.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for chipless production of an external thread on hollow metal workpieces for use as hollow screws, hollow shafts, threaded sleeves or fittings as a stable connection or fastening elements, which is particularly suitable for thin-walled workpieces
  • CONFIRMATION COPY is characterized by improved efficiency. Furthermore, a device suitable for carrying out the method is to be provided. According to the invention the object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments of the procedure are subject matter of claims 2 to 11. A suitable device for carrying out the method is the subject of claim 12. Further embodiments of the device are specified in claims 13 to 21.
  • cut-to-length metal wire or rod material is used as the starting material.
  • the wire section is converted stepwise within a multi-stage press with a slidable carriage and a stationary tool carrier unit, in one or more extrusion or compression stages, to a finished hollow blank.
  • the prefabricated hollow-shaped blank is inserted in a further stage into a multi-part jaw tool having a mold cavity whose inner wall is provided with a thread profiling designed as a negative.
  • To form the external thread at least one mandrel is inserted or inserted on one side of the hollow workpiece in its central opening, wherein the workpiece is widened by means of the dome. Due to the expansion process, the contours of the thread profiling are filled by a radial flow of material (transverse extrusion presses) and thus the external thread is created.
  • the finished workpiece is removed after opening the tool from this.
  • the manufactured externally threaded workpieces are intended for use as hollow screws, hollow shafts, threaded sleeves or fittings. These are used as stable connection or fastening elements.
  • the inserted blank is fixed during the movement of the dome against an extension in the longitudinal direction.
  • the opening and closing movement of the jaws of the jaw tool and the movement of the dome can be triggered via the central drive unit of the multi-stage press.
  • separate drives can be used, but this is associated with a higher cost.
  • the hollow-shaped workpieces can have a circular, oval or trilobular cross-sectional shape both inside and outside or inside and outside (in particular with screws) exhibit.
  • the region of the workpiece which is to be provided with an external thread may also have a cavity, which is subdivided by a partition or other boundary into a plurality of cavity sections.
  • a mandrel consisting of a plurality of mandrel sections is introduced into the cavity.
  • the individual mandrel sections are adapted in their geometry to the respective cavity sections and at the same time cause a shaping of the corresponding threaded sections during the expansion process.
  • the external thread produced can longitudinally interrupted threaded portions, which are, for example, in the places where the joints between the partition wall and the outer wall are.
  • An application intended for this purpose are eg oil drain screws with two axial channels for the removal of oil.
  • the risk that material passes into the closing gap between the jaws of the baking tool during the thread pressing can be avoided by reducing the profile height of the thread profiling designed as a negative in the region of the closing edges of the jaws.
  • the profile height of the thread profiling designed as a negative in the region of the closing edges of the jaws.
  • indentations or other preforms may be created on the portion to which the thread is to be formed.
  • the indentations should then be located radially at the locations where the closing edges of the jaws of the baking tool lie.
  • the blank may also be designed so that the boundary wall surrounding the cavity, on which the thread is to be produced, is interrupted at one or more points. This takes place within one of the forming stages before the actual thread pressing.
  • the method is also suitable for the formation of external threads on thin-walled hollow-shaped workpieces, which can be produced according to the known methods only with great effort.
  • the minimum wall thickness of the hollow sections is u.a. depending on the depth of the thread flanks of the thread to be formed and the material of the blank.
  • Another advantage is that the expansion process of the threaded portion is work hardened while a bare surface is formed, so no more Post processing is required.
  • the additional work hardening allows a stronger mechanical load of the threaded portion.
  • the thread to be formed can also consist of sections with different thread geometry. The thread profiling of the inner wall of the mold cavity is then formed accordingly.
  • the thread profiling can also be combined with other profilings.
  • the external thread produced can be interrupted, for example, by recesses or round profiles, individually or in combination. Even outside the thread other profiles can be created above and / or below.
  • the external thread can produce even more tailored to the purpose of the respective moldings profilings.
  • the mandrel may be introduced into the cavity of the workpiece by axial or rotary or combined axial and rotary motion to produce the necessary pressing force for the required radial material flow.
  • the workpiece can be moved over the mandrel or both are moved relative to each other.
  • the mandrel can be made of high-speed steel or carbide.
  • the expansion process for forming the thread can be carried out stepwise with different thorns or mandrel sections in the outer circumference. Instead of a dome several mandrels of different dimensions can be used successively. This may be necessary in particular for relatively thick-walled hollow-shaped sections.
  • the mandrel or mandrels may have different shape-forming zones in their geometry.
  • a first section is designed so that it has a polygonal, preferably triangular or square, contact surface, the corners are slightly rounded.
  • the inner wall of the workpiece in the axial direction is radially expanded only at the points or areas at which the corners of the dome are in contact with the inner wall of the blank.
  • the workpiece can be heated to forming temperature before or after insertion or insertion into the tool.
  • the temperature depends on the wall thickness and the material of the workpiece.
  • the expansion operation takes place in a multi-part jaw tool having a plurality, e.g. two, three or four, moving jaws.
  • a multi-part jaw tool having a plurality, e.g. two, three or four, moving jaws.
  • the jaws of the baking tool are slightly pushed apart at their closing points, which can form a longitudinal ridge at these points.
  • longitudinally extending narrow indentations are formed in the portion of the hollow workpiece intended to form the thread prior to the threading operation, which are located at the locations where the jaws of the jaw tool meet.
  • the device suitable for carrying out the method consists of a multi-stage press with a movable slide and a stationary tool carrier unit, wherein within the multi-stage press at least one multi-part, movable in an open and closed position baking tool is arranged either on the carriage or the stationary tool carrier unit.
  • This has a mold cavity with at least one central opening into which a hollow blank is inserted.
  • the inner wall delimiting the mold cavity is equipped with a thread profiling designed as a negative.
  • the device further comprises at least one stop for securing the position of the workpiece and at least one expanding mandrel or punch which can be inserted into the hollow workpiece and an ejector unit. Stamp and / or tool or the units on which they are mounted, are movable by means of a drive unit. The inserted into the mold cavity workpiece is released after the training of the workpiece by the opening movement of the tool for unloading.
  • the mold cavity defined by the inner wall of the pressing jaws should be dimensioned so that in the closed state of the jaws between the lateral surface of the insertable workpiece and the inner wall of the mold cavity is little play or touch contact.
  • the thread profiling of the jaws may be interrupted by other non-threaded profiles. Also outside the thread profiling such other profiles can be arranged.
  • At least one stop for securing the position of the blank is provided during the expansion process.
  • the trained as a negative thread profiling of the jaws is designed so that in the region of the edge zones of the jaws of the outer thread diameter decreases continuously to both sides, i. the profile height decreases. This significantly reduces the risk that material may get between the jaws during the thread pressing process.
  • the limited by the inner wall of the jaws mold cavity is sized in size so that in the closed state of the jaws between the outer surface of the insertable blank and the inner wall of the mold cavity, there is little play or touch contact.
  • the thread profiling of the jaws can be interrupted by other profiles or the jaws are equipped with other profiles outside the thread profiling.
  • the movement of the carriage can be used to control the movement of mandrel or jaw tool as well as the opening and closing movement of the jaws.
  • a separate drive can be provided to move the jaws and a separate drive.
  • a relative movement between the jaw tool and the mandrel is realized.
  • the movement of the jaws can be done via a spring package that can be tensioned or relaxed by the movement of the carriage, or via a separate drive.
  • the expanding mandrel may also have different form-forming sections, the section which can be inserted first into the workpiece being polygonal, and the corners or edges coming into contact with the workpiece being rounded.
  • the Aufweitdorn may also consist of several longitudinally divided sections or segments between which a clearance is arranged in the radial direction.
  • the jaw tool consists of a single or multi-part outer ring, in which the pressing jaws are mounted radially displaceable, wherein the lateral surfaces of the pressing jaws and the inner surface of the ring are formed conical.
  • the outer ring is available a slidable annular member which is movable over the carriage.
  • the expanding mandrel may have different shape-forming sections, wherein the first insertable into the workpiece section is polygonal. The reaching into contact with the workpiece corners or edges are rounded.
  • 1 is a two-part jaw tool in a simplified perspective view as a longitudinal section
  • FIG. 2 a pressing jaw of the baking tool according to FIG. 1, FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a jaw tool with three pressing jaws in the closed state, in a simplified perspective view, as a longitudinal section,
  • FIG. 4 shows the jaw tool according to FIG. 3 during the expansion process
  • FIG. 5 shows the jaw tool according to FIG. 3 in the opened state
  • FIG. 7 shows a second embodiment of an expanding mandrel in a perspective view
  • Fig. 9 shows a third embodiment of an expanding mandrel in perspective view
  • FIG. 11 shows the individual process steps for the production according to the invention of a pipe fitting within a multi-stage press, in a simplified representation
  • Fig. 12 shows a second embodiment of the baking tool as a cross-sectional view.
  • FIG. 11 shows in simplified form the process stages I to VI for the production according to the invention of a pipe fitting 4 with an external thread.
  • Process stage I relates to the cutting to length of a section 27 of solid material (wire or rod-shaped material) fed from a supply roll by means of a shearing tool 19.
  • the following process steps II to VI take place within a multi-stage press 20, which is designed as a 5-stage press is.
  • the multi-stage press not shown in more detail, has a machine frame with a sliding carriage 21 and a stationary tool carrier unit 22.
  • the multi-stage press comprises a compression tool 23 (process stage II), a first reverse extrusion tool 24 (process stage IM), a second reverse extrusion tool 25 (Process step IV), a punching tool 26 (process step V) and a jaw tool 1, 8 as a pressing tool (process step VI).
  • a compression tool 23 process stage II
  • IM first reverse extrusion tool 24
  • IM second reverse extrusion tool 25
  • punching tool 26 process step V
  • a jaw tool 1, 8 as a pressing tool
  • the matrices 28a and 28b are each arranged on one of the two sides of the tool (carriage or tool carrier).
  • the matrices can also be designed as multi-part jaw tools. This depends on the geometry of the blank to be produced.
  • a sleeve-shaped stopper 7 is provided instead of a punch.
  • the first die 28a is part of the carriage 21 and mounted on this.
  • the second die 28b belongs to the stationary tool carrier unit 22.
  • a reverse arrangement of the dies 28a and 28b would also be possible.
  • the prefabricated blanks 4b are inserted by means of grippers or transport devices in the tool of the subsequent process step. Similarly, this also applies to the other process steps.
  • the transformations of the blank in the process stages II to IV are preferably carried out as cold extrusion processes.
  • a two-part jaw tool 1 is shown in longitudinal section, for further explanation of the process step VI. It consists of two pressing jaws of which only one pressing jaw 2 can be seen.
  • the inner cavity delimiting the mold cavity wall of the press jaws 2 is provided with a trained as a negative thread profiling 3. After moving together the pressing jaws 2 in the closed position of the prefabricated pipe fitting or blank 4b is inserted with a collar in the mold cavity 5.
  • the rear portion of the blank 4b, above the bundle of tubes, has a larger inner diameter than the tubular portion on which the thread is to be formed.
  • the inserted pipe fitting is supported from below by an ejector sleeve 7 inserted into the mold cavity, which serves as a stop, in order to prevent longitudinal expansion of the pipe fitting 4b during the pressing process.
  • an expanding mandrel 6 with a chamfered tip is inserted into the central opening of the pipe fitting 4b, from above.
  • a radial material flow is generated, wherein the contours of the formed as a negative thread profiling 3 of the inner wall of the pressing jaws 1 are filled with material and thereby on the tubular portion of the pipe fitting 4b an external thread is formed.
  • the expansion process is completed when the expanding mandrel 6 is immersed in the sleeve 7. Subsequently, the mandrel 6 is moved back into the starting position and the jaw tool 1 is opened. The finished pipe fitting 4 with external thread is then removed by means of the ejector sleeve from the open jaw tool 1.
  • FIGS. 3 to 6 show a further embodiment variant as a jaw tool 8 with three movable jaws 10, 11, 12 (FIG. 6).
  • the jaw tool 8 consists of an outer, axially displaceable ring 9, in which three jaws 10, 11, 12 are mounted radially movable, as part of the lower die.
  • the outer surfaces of the jaws 10, 11 and 12 have a conical lateral surface 17 and the outer ring 9 has a corresponding conical inner surface 18, such that the jaws 10, 11 and 12 are movable within the outer ring 9 into an open and closed position ,
  • the jaws 10, 11, 12 have on their inner side or inner wall a thread profiling 3 as a negative. In the closed state of the jaws 10, 11, 12, the inner wall of the jaws bounded on both sides, up and down, open mold cavity. 5
  • annular member 13 On the outer ring 9 sits an annular member 13 (upper die), which is in communication with the movable carriage of the multi-stage press.
  • the opening and closing movement of the jaws 10, 11, 12 is controlled by a spring plate (not shown). realized.
  • the spring assembly With the feed movement of the carriage is stretched over the axial movement of the annular member 13, which is in contact with the ring 9, the spring assembly, wherein ring 9 is driven with the jaws 10, 11, 12 against a stop 14.
  • the spring assembly When moving in the opposite direction, the spring assembly is relaxed while the ring 9 moves upward, with the jaws open.
  • the device also still includes the Aufweitdorn 6 and the sleeve-shaped ejector 7, which also serves as a stop.
  • the axial movement of the mandrel 6 is controlled by the movement of the carriage.
  • the jaw tool 8 is shown in the closed, tensioned state.
  • the blank or pipe fitting 4b was taken over by means of a gripper device not shown in detail from the tool of the upstream process stage V and inserted into the mold cavity 5 of the baking tool 8. Loading takes place with the tool open.
  • the pipe fitting 4b is supported by means of a spring-loaded ejector sleeve 7 acting from below. Subsequently, via the further advancing movement of the carriage, the expanding mandrel 6, from above, as shown in Fig. 4, inserted into the central cavity of the workpiece (pipe fitting). By the expansion process, as already explained above, an external thread is produced on the tubular portion of the pipe fitting 4b.
  • the expanding mandrel 6 and the annular member 13 are moved back to their original position.
  • the spring assembly is relaxed, thereby moving the pressing jaws 10, 11, 12 in the open position (Fig. 5).
  • the pre-stressed ejector sleeve 7 is unlocked. This takes over the function as an ejector for the now finished molding. 4
  • longitudinally extending recesses or indentations 4a can be formed on the tubular portion of the blank on which the thread is to be produced. These must be arranged radially at the locations where the closing edges of the pressing jaws 10, 11, 12 of the jaw tool are, as shown in Fig. 6. The blank must then be inserted accordingly in the tool.
  • FIG 12 Another alternative to this is shown in FIG 12, in which the tool is shown in the closed state and without blank or pipe fitting.
  • the formed as a negative thread profiling 3 of the individual jaws 10, 11, 12 is designed so that the pro- filiere or thread depth 3a of the individual threads each in the direction of the closing gap or edge of the jaws 10, 11, 12 is reduced. In the immediate area of the closing edges of the jaws 10, 11, 12 then no thread profiling as a negative longer exists.
  • FIGS. 7 to 10 show further embodiment variants with expanding mandrels of different configurations in terms of their geometry.
  • the expanding mandrel 15 (FIGS. 7 and 8) has two different shaping zones.
  • the upper portion 15a which is first inserted into the cavity of the workpiece 4b is formed in its cross-sectional shape as a triangle 15b, wherein the corners are rounded.
  • the subsequent section 15c is adapted in its cross-sectional shape to the cavity, e.g.
  • the expanding mandrel 16 shown in Figures 9 and 10 is used when the cavity of the workpiece 4b is divided into individual longitudinal chambers.
  • the mandrel 16 has in its upper portion 16a, which is inserted into the divided cavity, two longitudinally extending mandrel portions 16b and 16c, between which a gap 16d is arranged.
  • Over the lateral surfaces of the mandrel portions 16b and 16c of the radial material flow is then effected in the contours of the thread profiling.
  • the external thread thus produced is interrupted in the longitudinal direction at the opposite points, where the gap or free space 16d is located.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour réaliser un filetage extérieur sans enlèvement de matière sur des pièces creuses en métal destinées à être utilisées comme vis creuses, arbres creux, douilles filetées ou raccords en tant qu'éléments stables d'assemblage ou de fixation, ainsi qu'un dispositif adapté à la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. L'objectif de l'invention est de pallier les inconvénients de l'état de la technique en proposant un procédé adapté en particulier aux pièces à paroi mince et caractérisé par une rentabilité améliorée, ainsi qu'un dispositif adapté à la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé. À cet effet, un produit de départ sous forme de fil métallique (27) est façonné sous la forme d'une ébauche (4b) creuse préfabriquée à l'intérieur d'une presse à plusieurs étages (20) comprenant un chariot (21) coulissant et une unité porte-outil (22) fixe dans un ou plusieurs étages de façonnage (Il à V). L'ébauche (4b) creuse préfabriquée est placée à un autre étage (VI) de la presse à plusieurs étages (20) dans un outil à mâchoires (1, 8) en plusieurs parties, cet outil présentant une empreinte dont la paroi intérieure est pourvue d'un profil de filetage en négatif. Lorsque l'outil à mâchoires (1, 8) est à l'état fermé, au moins un mandrin (6) est introduit dans l'ouverture centrale de l'ébauche (4b) de manière à élargir l'ébauche (4b), les contours du profil de filetage étant remplis par un flux de matière radial, puis la pièce (4) finie est retirée de l'outil.
EP09767936A 2008-10-03 2009-10-02 Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser un filetage extérieur sans enlèvement de matière sur des pièces creuses en métal Withdrawn EP2344288A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008049899 2008-10-03
PCT/EP2009/007073 WO2010037551A2 (fr) 2008-10-03 2009-10-02 Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser un filetage extérieur sans enlèvement de matière sur des pièces creuses en métal

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2344288A2 true EP2344288A2 (fr) 2011-07-20

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP09767936A Withdrawn EP2344288A2 (fr) 2008-10-03 2009-10-02 Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser un filetage extérieur sans enlèvement de matière sur des pièces creuses en métal

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20110185783A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2344288A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012504497A (fr)
KR (1) KR20110084215A (fr)
CN (1) CN102170981B (fr)
DE (1) DE102009048040A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010037551A2 (fr)

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EP2440341B1 (fr) * 2009-06-12 2017-08-09 Sieber Forming Solutions GmbH Procédé et dispositif de fabrication de pièces allongées en métal pourvues de rainures hélicoïdales, en particulier des forets hélicoïdaux ou des vis sans fin
DE102010011711B4 (de) * 2010-03-17 2012-08-30 Sieber Forming Solutions Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur spanlosen Herstellung von Verbindungs-, Befestigungs- oder Verschlusselementen aus Metall mit Außengewinde
DE102012103179A1 (de) * 2012-04-12 2013-10-17 Sieber Forming Solutions Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur spanlosen Herstellung eines Außengewindes auf Werkstücken aus Metall
US9266165B2 (en) * 2013-05-04 2016-02-23 Christian L. Dahl Method for hot forging threads into an end of a steel bar
ES2928258T3 (es) * 2014-07-07 2022-11-16 Physical Systems Tornillo metálico hueco y método de fabricación
JP2017189795A (ja) * 2016-04-13 2017-10-19 有限会社山内エンジニアリング ワークの加工方法、モータハウジングの製造方法、パンチセット及びワークの加工装置
CN106425302B (zh) * 2016-10-27 2018-08-28 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 一种薄壁锥形零件高同轴度密封螺纹的加工方法
CN108746466B (zh) * 2018-06-27 2020-04-14 芜湖金宇紧固件有限公司 一种提高螺钉整体韧性的加工工艺
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20110084215A (ko) 2011-07-21
DE102009048040A1 (de) 2010-04-08
CN102170981A (zh) 2011-08-31
JP2012504497A (ja) 2012-02-23
CN102170981B (zh) 2014-04-16
WO2010037551A2 (fr) 2010-04-08
US20110185783A1 (en) 2011-08-04
WO2010037551A3 (fr) 2010-07-08

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