EP2342541A1 - Procédé et débitmètre thermique pour déterminer et/ou surveiller au moins une grandeur dépendant de la composition chimique d'un fluide à mesurer - Google Patents

Procédé et débitmètre thermique pour déterminer et/ou surveiller au moins une grandeur dépendant de la composition chimique d'un fluide à mesurer

Info

Publication number
EP2342541A1
EP2342541A1 EP09751848A EP09751848A EP2342541A1 EP 2342541 A1 EP2342541 A1 EP 2342541A1 EP 09751848 A EP09751848 A EP 09751848A EP 09751848 A EP09751848 A EP 09751848A EP 2342541 A1 EP2342541 A1 EP 2342541A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass
components
medium
volume
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09751848A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michel Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Flowtec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG, Flowtec AG filed Critical Endress and Hauser Flowtec AG
Publication of EP2342541A1 publication Critical patent/EP2342541A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/68—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using thermal effects
    • G01F1/696—Circuits therefor, e.g. constant-current flow meters
    • G01F1/6965—Circuits therefor, e.g. constant-current flow meters comprising means to store calibration data for flow signal calculation or correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
    • G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a thermal flow measuring device for determining at least one size dependent on the chemical composition of a measuring medium, wherein the measuring medium has n components, where n is greater than or equal to two, wherein the respective molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of m
  • M is less than or equal to n minus one, where the molar, volume and / or mass fractions of the k components of the medium to be measured, which are not measured, where: k is equal to n minus m, so be determined that the sum of the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of the n components is one.
  • the thermal flow measurement is based essentially on two measurement principles, the thermal dispersion and the measurement principle of the thermal profile or temperature rise.
  • thermal dispersion a heated measuring element is exposed to the flow of the measuring medium.
  • the cooling rate caused thereby is a measure of the flow rate.
  • heat is introduced in a limited area of the flow, which locally raises the temperature, from which in turn, together with the supplied energy, the mass flow can be calculated.
  • Two temperature sensors measure the temperatures of the medium at various points, usually before and after the heat supplied. There are also several heating elements and temperature sensors used to get a better picture of the thermal profile.
  • the sensors can be mounted in the main line or in a bypass.
  • the two functional principles overlap considerably in practice.
  • Conventional thermal flow meters for industrial processes usually use two temperature sensors configured as identically as possible, which are arranged in mostly pin-shaped, so-called Stingers, and which are in thermal contact with the medium flowing through a measuring tube or through the pipeline. Both temperature sensors are usually installed in a measuring tube; but the temperature sensors can also be mounted directly in the pipeline.
  • One of the two temperature sensors is a so-called active temperature sensor, which is heated by means of a heating unit.
  • the temperature sensor itself is a resistance element, for example, an RTD (Resistance Temperature Device) sensor, which is heated by converting an electrical power, for example, by a corresponding variation of the measuring current.
  • RTD Resistance Temperature Device
  • TFRTD thin film resistance temperature devices
  • the second temperature sensor is a passive temperature sensor: it measures the temperature of the medium.
  • the heatable temperature sensor is heated so that a fixed temperature difference between the two temperature sensors is established.
  • it has also become known to feed a constant heat output via a control / control unit.
  • the cooling of the heated temperature sensor is essentially dependent on the mass flow rate of the medium flowing past. Since the medium is colder than the heated temperature sensor, heat is removed from the heated temperature sensor by the flowing medium. Thus, in order to maintain the fixed temperature rejection between the two temperature sensors in a flowing medium, an increased heating power for the heated temperature sensor is required.
  • the increased heating power is a measure of the mass flow or the mass flow of the medium through the pipeline. If, however, a constant heating power is fed in, the temperature difference between the two temperature sensors is reduced as a result of the flow of the medium. The respective temperature difference is then a measure of the mass flow of the medium through the pipe or through the measuring tube.
  • Heat transfer coefficients of the mass flow of the medium through the measuring tube or through the pipeline is used in thermal flow meters for determining the mass flow.
  • Devices based on this principle are offered and distributed by the applicant under the name "t-switch ⁇ , t-trend" or 1-mass.
  • Thermal flowmeters are particularly suitable for measuring the flow rate of gases or gas mixtures.
  • the quantitative chemical composition of the measuring medium must be known and configured in the measuring device.
  • the measuring device is thus the mole fraction, volume or mass fraction of each individual
  • Component of the medium or these representative parameters communicated. Gas mixtures with several components can be measured. In applications with variable composition of the fluid measurement errors arise because the device calculates with different fluid properties, as actually present at the time of measurement in the measuring tube.
  • flow measurements with thermal mass flowmeters are generally dependent on the fluid measurement medium. If the chemical composition of the medium being measured and thus the heat transfer function of the medium changes to the instrument, the instrument must be adjusted for this change in the chemical composition of the sample, ie specific parameters must be adjusted to continue to measure the correct flow through the sample tube. Therefore, either the quantitative chemical composition of the measuring medium is determined quasi continuously or discretely with a relatively high measuring frequency, which is very complicated and costly, or the quantitative chemical composition of the measuring medium is estimated and a measurement error of the thermal flowmeter is accepted.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method with which the quantitative chemical composition of the medium to be measured can be determined inexpensively.
  • the object is achieved by a method for determining at least one variable which is dependent at least on the chemical composition of a measuring medium, wherein the measuring medium has n components, where n is greater than or equal to two, the respective molar, volume and / or Mass fraction is measured by m components of the medium to be measured, where m is less than or equal to n minus one, where the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of the k components of the medium to be measured are not measured, where k is equal to n minus m, be set so that the sum of the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of the n components is one.
  • the quantity to be determined is determined as a function of the quantitative chemical composition of the medium to be measured, which is partly determined by measurement and partly determined.
  • the measuring medium can be present in both liquid and gaseous form or be laden with solids.
  • At least one fluid parameter which reflects a molar mass, volume fraction and / or mass fraction of a specific component of the fluid, is measured less than the fluid has components or the molar, volume and / or Determined mass fraction of components of the fluid by direct or indirect measurement, wherein the mole fraction, volume and / or mass fraction of at least one component is not determined.
  • the molar mass, volume and / or mass content of at least two components of the measuring medium are not determined by direct or indirect measurement.
  • Measured medium measured or determined by direct or indirect measurement.
  • the molar mass, volume and / or mass components of the k components of the measuring medium which are not measured are determined by a function f, which function f is determined by the qualitative chemical composition of the measured medium and / or by the amounts of substance
  • the qualitative chemical composition shows the components present in the measuring medium, but not their molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions.
  • a quantitative description then provides the exact data for the individual molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions of the components.
  • q take components, where q is equal to k minus p, where p is less than or equal to k minus one, in each case a predefinable fixed value.
  • k is equal to or equal to two, where p is greater than or equal to one.
  • the molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions of the p components are changed in accordance with a rule or according to the function f, the molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions of the q components being assigned a fixed value.
  • the p components are determined according to the assessable molar mass, volume and / or mass distribution of the individual components in the measured medium such that the sum of the molar mass, volume and / or mass components of the n components is one.
  • a development of the method according to the invention can be seen in the fact that the q components, where q is equal to k minus p, where p is less than or equal to k minus one, with the estimated smallest molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions each have a predefinable fixed Take value.
  • the other components have only a small and usually stationary or temporally constant molar, Voiumen- and / or mass fraction. If the measuring medium changes so usually only the molar, Voiumen- and / or mass fractions of the components with the highest molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions change. These must then also be measured or if they are not measured, at least be adapted so that the sum of the molar, volume and / or mass fractions of the n components is one, the stationary or temporally constant components each to a predetermined , fixed molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction. Which components are assigned a fixed value and which are estimated beforehand.
  • p is equal to 1. This will be explained by means of an embodiment.
  • the CH 4 content and the CO 2 content vary, and the H 2 S content may be regarded as relatively constant.
  • one or more components are measured, here, for example, the ChU content is determined.
  • exactly one non-measured component is determined such that the sum of the molar mass, volume fraction and / or mass fraction of all components is one, the other unmeasured components being determined according to their estimated fraction in the measured medium.
  • the H 2 S content is assumed to be constant, exactly its proportion in the measuring medium is estimated and determined according to the estimate.
  • the CO 2 share is changed so that the sum of the three shares again one.
  • At least two components are less detected by a direct or indirect measurement in their quantity than the fluid has components.
  • the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of exactly one first component is determined and exactly one second component is changed so that the sum of the molar mass, volume fraction and / or mass fraction of all components is one, the molar mass, volume fraction and / or Massenanteiie the other components of the medium to be kept constant or fixed.
  • the molar mass, volume fraction and / or mass fraction of a first component of the measured medium be determined and the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of a second component of the measured medium be determined such that the sum the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of all components of the medium to be measured is one, the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of the other components of the medium being measured being set to a characteristic value for the medium to be measured.
  • a further development of the solution according to the invention consists in measuring the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of the components of the measuring medium by means of a first measuring device and a second measuring device for determining the at least one variable which is at least dependent on the chemical composition of a measuring medium. to provide.
  • the molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions of the components of the measuring medium are made available to the second measuring device via an interface between the first and second measuring devices.
  • the data on the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of the measured m components can be provided via a data interface provided for this purpose, a BUS, such as e.g. Hart protocol, Profibus, or a Foundation Fieldbus bus, or via a power input, such as a bus.
  • a standard 4-20mA interface are transferred to the second meter.
  • the data can thus be determined automatically and transferred online. If several parameters are transmitted, e.g.
  • the data on the molar, volume and / or mass fractions of several components is particularly suitable for transmission via BUS.
  • the size of the flow of the measuring medium through the measuring tube to be determined is at least one variable that is dependent at least on the chemical composition of a measuring medium. It is then a method for determining and / or monitoring the flow of a measuring medium through a measuring tube, wherein the chemical composition of the medium to be used for determining and / or monitoring the flow of the medium through the measuring tube.
  • the flow rate is determined using a thermal mass flowmeter.
  • the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of the components of the measuring medium are determined which essentially determine the heat transfer behavior of the measuring medium to the thermal mass flowmeter.
  • at least 50% of the heat transfer behavior, in particular at least 60%, in particular at least 70%, in particular at least 80% or at least 90% determined by the m components of the measured medium, of which measured the molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions or so be changed so that the sum of the molar, volume and / or mass fractions alier components of the medium results in one, all other components are set to a predetermined, fixed value.
  • the molar mass, volume fraction and / or mass fraction of the two components in the measuring medium are measured and / or changed, which have the greatest influence on the heat conductivity and / or heat transfer coefficient of the measuring medium on the thermal mass flowmeter.
  • the ratio of mass and thermal conductivity plays a not insignificant role in the thermal flow measurement.
  • a thermal mass flow measuring system is generally dependent on the thermal conductivity K and the specific heat capacity or the specific heat capacities of the measuring medium at constant pressure c p .
  • Other measuring systems are alternatively or additionally dependent on the specific heat capacity or the specific
  • a development of the method according to the invention provides that the measured medium is biogas with the components CH 4 , CO 2 and H 2 S, the molar fraction of CH 4 being measured and provided to the process, the molar fraction of H 2 S. 0.02 is determined and the mole fraction of CO 2 is set so that the sum of the three mole fraction is 1.
  • a thermal mass flowmeter for determining and / or monitoring the flow of a measuring medium through a measuring tube, with two temperature sensors and a control / evaluation unit, the two temperature sensors being arranged in a region of a housing facing the measuring medium and in thermal contact with the measuring medium flowing through the measuring tube, wherein a first temperature sensor is designed to be heatable, wherein a second temperature sensor provides information about the current temperature of the measuring medium, the control / evaluation unit based on the temperature difference (.DELTA.T) between the two temperature sensors and / or based on the heating power (Q) supplied to the first temperature sensor, determines the mass flow rate of the measuring medium, wherein the thermal mass flowmeter is designed such that the quantitative chemical composition of the measuring medium automatically can be determined in the thermal mass flowmeter, the respective substance quantities,
  • volume and / or mass fractions of m components of the medium to be measured which measurement medium comprises a total of n components, where m is smaller n
  • the thermal mass flowmeter are known, wherein the molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions of the k components of the measured medium, which not are known, where: k is equal to n minus m, it can be determined that the
  • Sum of Stoffmengen-, volume and / or mass fractions of the n components is one.
  • the mass flow, volume and / or mass fractions of m components of the medium to be measured, ie, into the thermal mass flowmeter, can therefore be communicated to the thermal mass flowmeter can be entered or the values of the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of m components of the measuring medium can be determined by the thermal mass flowmeter itself by measurement, directly or indirectly, so that the relevant data on the molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions of m components of the measuring medium are present in the thermal mass flowmeter.
  • the thermal mass flowmeter has an interface via which interface the values determined by a first measuring device for the molar, volume and / or mass fractions of m components of the measuring medium with a total of n components can be read by the thermal mass flowmeter and the values for the molar mass, volume fraction and / or mass fraction of the m components of the measuring medium in the control / evaluation unit can be processed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a substance volume distribution diagram of biogas
  • FIG. 3 shows a thermal flow meter according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions of m components of the measuring medium with a total of m components are determined by measurement.
  • the values of q components are already determined in advance of the measurement. Alternatively, they depend on the data obtained from the m components.
  • the molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction of the remaining p components of the medium to be measured are determined by a function f, which function f in turn depends on the qualitative chemical composition of the medium to be measured, the values of molar mass, volume and / or mass fraction determined the m components and the specified values of the molar mass, volume and / or mass component of the q components.
  • All n components of the medium to be measured are elements of the set N.
  • the m measured components are part of the set M
  • the q components corresponding to elements of the set Q and all p components are part of the set P.
  • Fig. 2 discloses a bar graph with the mole fractions of the components CH 4 , CO 2 and H 2 S of biogas.
  • the CH 4 content and the CO 2 content mostly vary greatly.
  • the H 2 S content is quite stable.
  • the CH 4 content, here in MoI% is measured in this Betspiel with a gas analyzer. It is then transferred to a thermal mass flowmeter. Alternatively, the gas analyzer may also be part of the flowmeter. If the measured CH 4 -AnIeH decreases, as illustrated here with the arrow, the CO 2 -Anti! adjusted accordingly, ie it is raised at a fixed H 2 S content so that the sum of the proportions of the three components of the gas mixture again be 100%.
  • the calculation rule for this case is as follows:
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the thermal flow measuring device 1 according to the invention with thermal flow sensor 6 and measuring transducer 7.
  • the flow measuring device 1 is fastened by means of a screw thread 9 in a socket 4 which is located on the pipe 2.
  • a screw thread 9 in a socket 4 which is located on the pipe 2.
  • the pipe 2 In the pipe 2 is the flowing medium 3.
  • the temperature measuring device which is an essential part of the sensor 6, is located in the region of the housing 5, which faces the medium 3.
  • the control / evaluation unit 10 has an interface, not shown, via which the data of the determined molar mass, volume and / or mass fractions of the components of the measuring medium are read in and subsequently processed in the control / evaluation unit 10.
  • At least one of the two temperature sensors 11, 12 can be an electrically heatable resistance element, a so-called RTD sensor or TFRTD sensor.
  • RTD sensor electrically heatable resistance element
  • TFRTD sensor thermoelectric sensor
  • Temperature sensor e.g. a PtIOO or PtI OOO or a thermocouple to which a thermally coupled heating unit 13 is assigned.
  • the heating unit 13 is arranged in the housing 5 in FIG. 3 and thermally coupled to the heatable temperature sensor 11, 12, but largely decoupled from the medium.
  • the coupling or decoupling preferably takes place via the
  • thermally well-conductive or a thermally schiecht conductive material Preferably, this is a potting material used.
  • the flowmeter 1 With the flowmeter 1, it is possible to continuously measure the mass flow rate; Alternatively, it is possible to use the flow meter 1 as a switch, which always indicates the change of a switching state when at least a predetermined limit is exceeded or exceeded.
  • both temperature sensors 11, 12 are designed to be heatable, wherein the desired function of the first temperature sensor 11 or of the second temperature sensor 12 is determined by the control / evaluation unit 10.
  • the control / evaluation unit 10 controls the two temperature sensors 11, 12 alternately as an active or passive temperature sensor 11, 12 and the

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un débitmètre thermique pour déterminer au moins une grandeur dépendant de la composition chimique d'un fluide à mesurer. Selon l'invention, le fluide à mesurer présente n constituants, n = 2. Toujours selon l'invention, la part quantitative de matière, la part volumique et/ou la part massique de m constituants est mesurée, m = n - 1, et la part quantitative de matière, la part volumique et/ou la part massique des k constituants du fluide à mesurer qui ne sont pas mesurés, k = n - m, est déterminée de telle sorte que la somme des parts quantitatives de matière, des parts volumiques et/ou des parts massiques des n constituants est égale à 1.
EP09751848A 2008-10-30 2009-10-27 Procédé et débitmètre thermique pour déterminer et/ou surveiller au moins une grandeur dépendant de la composition chimique d'un fluide à mesurer Withdrawn EP2342541A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008043327A DE102008043327A1 (de) 2008-10-30 2008-10-30 Verfahren und thermisches Durchflussmessgerät zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung mindestens einer, zumindest von der chemischen Zusammensetzung eines Messmediums abhängigen Größe
PCT/EP2009/064127 WO2010049410A1 (fr) 2008-10-30 2009-10-27 Procédé et débitmètre thermique pour déterminer et/ou surveiller au moins une grandeur dépendant de la composition chimique d’un fluide à mesurer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2342541A1 true EP2342541A1 (fr) 2011-07-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09751848A Withdrawn EP2342541A1 (fr) 2008-10-30 2009-10-27 Procédé et débitmètre thermique pour déterminer et/ou surveiller au moins une grandeur dépendant de la composition chimique d'un fluide à mesurer

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US8950273B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2342541A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008043327A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010049410A1 (fr)

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WO2017196293A1 (fr) 2016-05-09 2017-11-16 Cummins Inc. Prédiction de type de carburant à partir de mesures de débit massique et d'un capteur de conductivité thermique

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008043327A1 (de) 2010-05-06
US8950273B2 (en) 2015-02-10
WO2010049410A1 (fr) 2010-05-06
US20110209526A1 (en) 2011-09-01

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