EP2329196B1 - Brûleur et procédé d'utilisation d'un brûleur - Google Patents

Brûleur et procédé d'utilisation d'un brûleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2329196B1
EP2329196B1 EP09782950.1A EP09782950A EP2329196B1 EP 2329196 B1 EP2329196 B1 EP 2329196B1 EP 09782950 A EP09782950 A EP 09782950A EP 2329196 B1 EP2329196 B1 EP 2329196B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
channel
fuel
swirl generator
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09782950.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2329196A2 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Prade
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP09782950.1A priority Critical patent/EP2329196B1/fr
Publication of EP2329196A2 publication Critical patent/EP2329196A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2329196B1 publication Critical patent/EP2329196B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/04—Air inlet arrangements
    • F23R3/10—Air inlet arrangements for primary air
    • F23R3/12—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex
    • F23R3/14—Air inlet arrangements for primary air inducing a vortex by using swirl vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
    • F23R3/26—Controlling the air flow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/36—Supply of different fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00002—Gas turbine combustors adapted for fuels having low heating value [LHV]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner comprising a channel with a mixing zone and with an oxidant supply, in particular air supply and at least one fuel supply for injecting fuel. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating such a burner.
  • the dry natural gas premixing combustion is used for the low-emission natural gas combustion.
  • Premix burners typically include a premix zone in which air and fuel are mixed before passing the mixture into a combustion chamber. There, the mixture burns, producing a hot gas under elevated pressure. This hot gas is forwarded to the turbine.
  • the premix is particularly advantageous in terms of nitrogen oxide emissions, since in the premix flame due to the homogeneous mixture, a uniform flame temperature prevails. Nitrogen oxide formation increases exponentially with the flame temperature. In connection with the operation of premix burners, therefore, it is particularly important to keep the nitrogen oxide emissions low and uncontrolled combustion, e.g. to avoid a flashback.
  • Synthesis gas burners are characterized by the fact that synthesis gases are used as fuel in them. Compared with the traditional turbine fuels natural gas and petroleum, which consist essentially of hydrocarbon compounds, the combustible components of the synthesis gas are essentially carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Depending on the gasification process and the overall plant concept, the calorific value of the synthesis gas is about 5 to 10 times smaller than that of natural gas.
  • the main constituents of the synthesis gas are not only carbon monoxide and hydrogen but also inert fractions.
  • the inert fractions are nitrogen and / or water vapor and optionally carbon dioxide. Due to the low calorific value, high volume flows of fuel gas must be introduced into the combustion chamber.
  • a burner for two fuels, gas and oil is for example in the US 5,359,847 with concentrically arranged channels in the region of a premixing zone with injection devices for the respective fuel.
  • the US 2007/0275337 A1 discloses a premix burner for combustion of a low calorie combustible gas, in particular a synthesis gas.
  • the injection of synthesis gas takes place downstream of the supply of natural gas.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a burner which is operable with both combustible natural gas, in particular natural gas and synthesis gas and eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages. Another object is to provide a method of operating such a burner.
  • the first object is achieved by a burner according to claim 1.
  • the task related to the method is determined by the Specification of a method according to claim 12 solved.
  • the dependent claims contain further, advantageous embodiments of the invention.
  • the burner according to the invention comprises a channel with a mixing zone, wherein in the channel a separating means is provided, which divides the channel over a wide range of the channel into at least two separate channels, namely a first channel and a second channel.
  • the single channel is thus divided into at least two channels, namely a first and a second channel.
  • Each of these emerging channels has a smaller volume than the total channel.
  • the additional, now resulting from the release agent second channel preferably the volume smaller channel can be acted upon depending on the mode.
  • the oxidizing agent is thus largely displaced here, the air in this second channel. Displacement is possible because it is, so to speak, an open second channel. This then flows through the separate first channel. This largely produces a diffusive synthesis gas operation.
  • the synthesis gas / resp. the synthesis gas oxidant mixture in the second channel exits at the same rate as the oxidant in the first channel.
  • the second channel and the first channel with an oxidizing agent preferably air are applied.
  • natural gas can then be injected into both channels, which are premixed in the premixing zone. This corresponds to a conventional operation with natural gas and premix.
  • a burner is operated with synthesis gas as well as with natural gas.
  • the invention also makes it possible that the synthesis gas operation largely corresponds to a diffusion operation, while the natural gas operation largely corresponds to a premixing principle. As a result, operation of, for example, a synthesis gas burner becomes economically attractive for operation with natural gas.
  • a central axis is provided, wherein the separating means is concentric with the central axis.
  • the release agent is arranged substantially on one of the streamlines.
  • the release agent of metal or a metal alloy in particular a sheet.
  • This is particularly easy and inexpensive to implement, and also has the necessary temperature resistance.
  • one or more inlet openings for fuel, in particular synthesis gas are provided. These can be mounted in the premixing channel on the channel side facing a central axis. Furthermore, a swirl generator with swirl blades, in particular an air swirl generator, is preferably provided.
  • the one or more fuel inlet ports are arranged upstream of the swirl vanes in the main flow direction. This type of arrangement results in an open second channel.
  • the fuel, in particular natural gas through the fuel nozzles in one of the swirl generator, in particular air swirl generator in the mixing zone, in particular Vormischzone verdrallten oxidant mass flow in particular air are injected.
  • the fuel nozzles are preferably arranged in one or more consecutive rows downstream of the swirl generator, in particular of the air swirl generator.
  • the swirl generator for better swirling of the oxidizing agent, in particular the air swirl blades have.
  • An arrangement of the fuel nozzles on these swirl vanes is particularly advantageous since a good mixing of the injected fuel with the oxidizing agent is established.
  • the second channel is less in volume than the first channel. If synthesis gas flows into this second channel during synthesis gas operation, the oxidant, that is to say the air, is displaced as far as possible on account of the selected volume. But also the remaining first channel has a reduced volume compared to the original undivided channel.
  • this is a significant advantage in relation to the requirements of a synthesis gas machine.
  • air is taken from the compressor end of the gas turbine and decomposed into its main components oxygen and nitrogen, depending on the concept. The oxygen is then used to produce syngas. Due to the air extraction, less air is finally available.
  • the inventive method for operating a burner with a channel comprises a mixing zone, in particular premixing zone, in which an oxidation mass flow and fuel is injected, wherein by means of a release agent in the channel and the at least two thereby formed separate first and second channel, two substantially separate flow paths be formed.
  • the currents are open to each other.
  • an additional now resulting flow path can now be used depending on the operating mode;
  • the additional flow path which carries the smaller flow is preferably used as a synthesis gas flow path. Because of this arrangement is then displaced in this part of the premixing of the oxidation mass flow and flows to the second flow path of the combustion chamber. Both flows exit the premixing zone with the same velocity profile, so that undesired shearing does not occur.
  • the mutually open paths cause that when operating with other fuels, especially natural gas a conventional natural gas operation is produced, that is, both flow paths lead a fuel / oxidant mixture to the combustion chamber.
  • the additional flow path either as a synthesis gas flow path or as a natural gas flow path, now advantageously has the same aerodynamics as a conventional natural gas premix burner.
  • the mixing zone in particular premixing zone of the method comprises a cone side and a hub side and / or a swirl generator, in particular hollow air swirl generator.
  • the fuel in particular natural gas, is injected into the mixing zone, in particular premixing zone, on the cone side and / or the hub side and / or via the swirl generators, in particular air swirl generators.
  • the fuel is preferably injected via the at least one swirl blade of the swirl generator, in particular air swirl generator, into the mixing zone, in particular the premix zone.
  • the fuel, in particular synthesis gas is supplied via one or more inlet openings. These inlet openings can be arranged, for example, in the channel on the hub side in front of the swirl blades.
  • FIG. 1 1 schematically shows a section through a part of a burner with a channel 1.
  • the channel 1 comprises inter alia a mixing zone 2, a swirl generator 10 here as an air swirl generator 10 and one or more fuel nozzles 11.
  • the mixing zone 2 is arranged radially symmetrically about the central axis 12.
  • the outer side of the zone 2 seen from the central axis 12 is referred to below as the cone side 3.
  • the side of the premixing zone 2 facing the central axis 12 is referred to below as the hub side 4.
  • an oxidant mass flow in particular an air mass flow 5
  • the air swirl generator 10 swirls the air mass flow 5 and forwards it into the zone 2. From there, the air mass flow 5 in the main flow direction 9 to the combustion chamber (not shown) forwarded.
  • One or more fuel nozzles 11 are located on the hub side 4 of the mixing zone 2.
  • the fuel nozzles 11 feed fuel, particularly natural gas, either vertically or at any other angle to the main flow direction 9 of the air mass flow 5 into the premixing zone 2.
  • the fuel nozzles 11 can be located both on the cone side 3 and on the hub side 4 of the premixing zone 2 or also in the swirl blades 10.
  • the burner 100 according to the invention comprises one or more inlet openings 14 (shown only in the upper part of the burner 100) for a gaseous fuel, here preferably synthesis gas, which are preferably located upstream of the swirl vanes 10 in the main flow direction 9.
  • a separating means 15 Concentric with the central axis 12 in the burner 100 in the channel 1, a separating means 15 (shown only in the upper part of the burner 100) is provided, which divides the channel 1 over a wide range of the channel 1 in at least two separate channels 3a and 3b.
  • the release agent 15 is preferably designed as a sheet.
  • the separating means 15 is designed so that the hub side channel 3b is formed as the volume smaller channel, that is, the cross sectional area 17 of the hub side channel 3b along the axis A is less than the cross sectional area 18 of the channel 3a. If burner is operated with synthesis gas, the channel 3b is supplied with just that synthesis gas.
  • the air 5 is then largely displaced in the channel 3b and then flows mainly through the outer larger channel 3a. This largely causes a diffusive synthesis gas operation.
  • the channel 3a still has a smaller cross-sectional area 18 compared to a conventional channel without separator 15, which is also advantageous for the operation of a syngas burner since in a syngas burner the oxygen extracted from the air is used for syngas production.
  • air is preferably taken from the compressor.
  • the very fuel-rich synthesis gas / air mixture with approximately the same velocity profile from the channel 3b as the air of the channel 3a. This causes unwanted shearing to be avoided.
  • the hub-side channel 3b is supplied with air and, like the channel 3a, can be premixed with fuel.
  • the release agent 15 is placed on one of the streamlines (fluidic separation line). Compared to the conventional gas burner occur in this type of placement only minimal changes in operation. These can therefore also be integrated into existing burners.
  • FIG. 2 now shows a further embodiment of a burner 100 according to the invention.
  • This has a line 20 upstream of the channel 3b.
  • This line 20 is for example a tube.
  • a flap or a control valve 21 may be located within the conduit 20, a flap or a control valve 21 may be located.
  • the upstream end of the line 20 is connected to the gas turbine, that here also an air mass flow 5 can flow through.
  • the upstream end of the line 20 is therefore connected, for example, to the plenum and / or to the compressor and / or the compressor outlet, so that this air mass flow 5 can flow through.
  • the flap or the valve 20 is closed, so that no air flow 5 can flow through.
  • the channel 3b is thus acted upon solely with synthesis gas.
  • the channel 3a will continue, as well as in the FIG. 1 , acted upon by a mass air flow 5.
  • the valve or flap 20 can be controlled manually or automatically. If the burner according to the invention of FIG. 2 Now operated with, for example, natural gas, the flap / valve 20 is opened. The air mass flow 5 thus also flows through the channel 3b. High calorific fuel is injected via standard natural gas inlets. The burner thus again corresponds to a standard natural gas premix burner with low NOx values.
  • a channel provided with a separating agent can thus be divided into at least two channels, wherein one of the two channels, preferably the smaller volume channel, can be used as a synthesis gas passage or as a second air passage.
  • a release agent in natural gas operation on the same aerodynamics as in the conventional burner.
  • the burner can thus be simultaneously operated according to the invention as a synthesis gas burner and Ergas (premix) burner.
  • any other high-calorie fuel can be used, such as fuel oil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Brûleur ( 100 ) comprenant un canal ( 1 ) ayant une zone ( 2 ) de prémélange et un conduit ( 16 ) d' apport d' air et au moins un conduit d' apport de combustible pour 1' injection de combustible, dans lequel il est prévu, dans le canal ( 1 ), un moyen ( 15 ) de séparation, qui sépare le canal ( 1 ) par une autre partie du canal ( 1 ) en au moins deux canaux séparés, à savoir un premier canal ( 3a ) et un deuxième canal ( 3b ),
    caractérisé en ce qu' au moins une ouverture ( 14 ) d' entrée d' un combustible, notamment de gaz de synthèse, est disposée de manière à ce qu' une injection du combustible dans le deuxième canal ( 3b ) puisse s' effectuer et en ce que, en aval du conduit ( 16 ) d' apport d' air et de la au moins une ouverture ( 14 ) d' entrée, des buses ( 11 ) à combustible pour un autre combustible sont disposées de manière à ce que l'autre combustible puisse être injecté dans les deux canaux ( 3a, 3b ) pour être prémélangé dans la zone ( 2 ) de prémélange.
  2. Brûleur ( 100 ) suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce qu' il est prévu un axe ( 12 ) médian et le moyen ( 15 ) de séparation est concentrique à l'axe ( 12 ) médian.
  3. Brûleur ( 100 ) suivant la revendication 2,
    caractérisé en ce que le moyen ( 15 ) de séparation est disposé sensiblement sur une ligne de courant.
  4. Brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que le moyen ( 15 ) de séparation est en métal ou en un alliage de métaux, en étant notamment une tôle.
  5. Brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu' il est prévu un générateur de tourbillons ayant des aubes de tourbillonnement et la au moins une ouverture ( 14 ) d' entrée du combustible est disposée en amont des aubes ( 10 ) de tourbillonnement suivant le sens ( 9 ) principal du courant.
  6. Brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que les buses ( 11 ) à combustible sont disposées suivant une ou plusieurs rangées les unes derrière les autres en aval du générateur de tourbillons, notamment du générateur ( 10 ) de tourbillons à air.
  7. Brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que les buses ( 11 ) à combustible se trouvent dans le générateur de tourbillons, notamment dans le générateur ( 10 ) de tourbillons à air.
  8. Brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le canal ( 3 ) est, en ce qui concerne son volume, plus petit que le canal ( 3a ).
  9. Brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que le canal ( 3b ) comprend en amont un conduit ( 20 ), notamment un tuyau.
  10. Brûleur ( 100 ) suivant la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que le conduit ( 20 ) comprend une vanne/un volet ( 21 ).
  11. Turbine à gaz ayant un brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications précédentes.
  12. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel, en fonctionnement avec du gaz de synthèse, on alimente le deuxième canal ( 3b ) en gaz de synthèse et le premier canal ( 3a ) en agent d' oxydation et, en fonctionnement en gaz naturel, on alimente les deux canaux ( 3a, 3b ) en gaz naturel et en un agent d' oxydation, notamment en air ( 5 ).
  13. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur ( 100 ) suivant la revendication 12,
    caractérisé en ce que l'agent d' oxydation est de l'air ( 5 ).
  14. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications 12 ou 13,
    caractérisé en ce que la zone ( 2 ) de prémélange comprend un côté ( 3 ) cône et un côté ( 4 ) moyeu et/ou un générateur de tourbillons, notamment un générateur ( 10 ) de tourbillons à air, et en ce qu' on injecte, dans la zone de prémélange, le combustible, notamment du gaz naturel, du côté ( 3 ) cône et/ou du côté ( 4 ) moyeu et/ou par le générateur de tourbillons, notamment par le générateur ( 10 ) de tourbillons à air.
  15. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur ( 100 ) suivant la revendication 14,
    caractérisé en ce qu' on injecte dans la zone ( 2 ) de prémélange le combustible ( 6 ) par la au moins une aube de tourbillonnement du générateur de tourbillons, notamment du générateur ( 10 ) de tourbillons à air.
  16. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur ( 100 ) suivant l'une des revendications 12 à 15,
    caractérisé en ce qu' on apporte le combustible ( 6 ), notamment du gaz de synthèse, par la au moins une ouverture ( 14 ) d' entrée.
EP09782950.1A 2008-10-01 2009-09-14 Brûleur et procédé d'utilisation d'un brûleur Not-in-force EP2329196B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09782950.1A EP2329196B1 (fr) 2008-10-01 2009-09-14 Brûleur et procédé d'utilisation d'un brûleur

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08017321A EP2312215A1 (fr) 2008-10-01 2008-10-01 Brûleur et procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur
EP09782950.1A EP2329196B1 (fr) 2008-10-01 2009-09-14 Brûleur et procédé d'utilisation d'un brûleur
PCT/EP2009/061846 WO2010037627A2 (fr) 2008-10-01 2009-09-14 Brûleur et procédé d'utilisation d'un brûleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2329196A2 EP2329196A2 (fr) 2011-06-08
EP2329196B1 true EP2329196B1 (fr) 2015-01-28

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08017321A Withdrawn EP2312215A1 (fr) 2008-10-01 2008-10-01 Brûleur et procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur
EP09782950.1A Not-in-force EP2329196B1 (fr) 2008-10-01 2009-09-14 Brûleur et procédé d'utilisation d'un brûleur

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08017321A Withdrawn EP2312215A1 (fr) 2008-10-01 2008-10-01 Brûleur et procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US9217569B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2312215A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102171515B (fr)
RU (1) RU2011117310A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010037627A2 (fr)

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RU2011117310A (ru) 2012-11-10
CN102171515B (zh) 2014-05-28
CN102171515A (zh) 2011-08-31
WO2010037627A2 (fr) 2010-04-08
WO2010037627A3 (fr) 2010-06-10
US9217569B2 (en) 2015-12-22
US20110179797A1 (en) 2011-07-28
EP2312215A1 (fr) 2011-04-20
EP2329196A2 (fr) 2011-06-08

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