EP2324938B1 - Verfahren und Warmumformanlage zur Herstellung eines gehärteten, warm umgeformten Werkstücks - Google Patents

Verfahren und Warmumformanlage zur Herstellung eines gehärteten, warm umgeformten Werkstücks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2324938B1
EP2324938B1 EP10185787.8A EP10185787A EP2324938B1 EP 2324938 B1 EP2324938 B1 EP 2324938B1 EP 10185787 A EP10185787 A EP 10185787A EP 2324938 B1 EP2324938 B1 EP 2324938B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
blank
hardening
hardened
heated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10185787.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2324938A1 (de
Inventor
Dr. Jens Overrath
Stéphane Anquetil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gestamp Umformtechnik GmbH
ThyssenKrupp Sofedit SAS
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Sofedit SAS
GMF Umformtechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2324938A1 publication Critical patent/EP2324938A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a hardened, hot-formed workpiece made of sheet steel, in which a workpiece blank is heated in at least one furnace at least partially to a forming temperature at which the heated workpiece blank is introduced into at least one drawing press and wherein the heated workpiece blank in which at least one drawing press is formed into a workpiece. Furthermore, the invention relates to a hot forming plant for producing a hardened formed workpiece made of steel, with a furnace for at least partial heating of a workpiece blank to a forming temperature, with a drawing press for forming the workpiece blank and with a transfer device for transferring the heated workpiece blank from the furnace to the drawing press.
  • Hot forming plants typically include a furnace for heating the workpiece blanks and a press line for forming and hardening the workpiece blanks. After heating the workpiece blanks to a predetermined forming temperature, these are taken from the furnace and placed in a drawing press. The tools of the drawing press are cooled by a cooling medium, so that the workpiece is rapidly cooled and hardened therein.
  • a cooling medium so that the workpiece is rapidly cooled and hardened therein.
  • Such a hot-forming plant and a method for producing hot-formed, hardened workpieces for example, from DE 100 49 660 A1 and from the JP 2007136533A known.
  • the workpieces are hardened in the drawing press by rapid cooling below a predetermined limit temperature.
  • the workpieces are therefore transferred after press hardening to a fixing tool or step by step to a plurality of fixing tools connected in series.
  • the fixing tools the formed workpieces are fixed and thereby further cooled.
  • a cooling medium can be used for cooling the fixing tool or for direct cooling of the workpieces. If the temperature of the workpieces has fallen far enough, they can be fed to a further treatment.
  • the cycle times of the drawing press can be limited by the at least one of the drawing press downstream fixing tool.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing and further developing a method and a hot-forming installation in such a way that, in particular, high quantities of hardened, hot-formed workpieces can be produced more cost-effectively.
  • a workpiece blank is first brought to the required forming temperature in at least one furnace.
  • the forming temperature to be achieved depends on the desired structural composition of the workpiece before and after curing.
  • workpiece blank comes in particular a blank of a steel sheet in question.
  • a blank is also referred to as a board.
  • the circuit board or the semifinished product can be monolithic but also designed as a tailored blank, which combines steels of different thicknesses and / or grades.
  • the material blank after it has been heated to the forming temperature, passed by means of a transfer device provided for this purpose to a drawing press.
  • the drawing press the workpiece blank is then formed in a conventional manner.
  • the result is a so-called drawn part or molded part.
  • the workpiece blank is preferably brought between two drawing tools, which are pressed under high pressure from both sides against the workpiece blank.
  • the drawing tools are about a die and a patrix.
  • the hot-formed workpiece can cool to some degree in the drawing press. However, the formed workpiece is not cured in the drawing press.
  • the workpiece is removed after forming the drawing press and transferred by means of another transfer device to a hardening device.
  • the formed workpiece is accommodated in a receptacle of the hardening device, whose geometry is adapted to the geometry of the formed workpiece, so that the formed workpiece is fixed in the receptacle during hardening.
  • the formed workpiece does not have to rest continuously on the receptacle.
  • the workpiece is at least partially cured in the receptacle, essentially by direct heat exchange with a cooling medium.
  • the recording is included designed such that the cooling medium can come into direct contact with the formed workpiece. It is less the recording as such cooled, but rather the workpiece.
  • the workpieces do not have to remain longer than necessary in the drawing press.
  • the drawing press can therefore be operated more economically with higher cycle times.
  • the formed workpieces are transferred to a hardening device for hardening. Since no further reshaping of the workpieces takes place in the hardening device, the hardening device can be made simpler and cheaper than the drawing press.
  • the direct heat exchange between the cooling medium and the formed workpiece allows a time savings preferably in terms of curing and possibly further cooling to a temperature that does not interfere with the further handling of the workpieces.
  • an oven or a plurality of ovens may be used for heating the workpiece blank to forming temperature be provided, which then passes through the workpiece blank in succession.
  • the temperature rise of the workpiece blank can be better adjusted during the heating process.
  • the entire workpiece blank can be brought to the desired forming temperature, thereby reducing the apparatus and process engineering effort.
  • only the areas of the workpiece blank to be hardened can be brought to the forming temperature. This can be useful for subsequent processing steps of the workpiece. For example, only the areas of the workpiece can be brought to forming temperature, which should be cured later.
  • the non-hardening areas of the workpiece are then approximately those areas which are perforated and / or separated after the partial hardening of the workpiece, for example by a punching and / or cutting tool.
  • the workpiece blank in the oven can, if necessary, be heated substantially by heat conduction, heat radiation and / or induction.
  • the workpiece blank is heated in at least one roller hearth furnace to forming temperature.
  • the heating of the workpiece blank can be done continuously.
  • conductive heating devices are also conceivable which heat the board to be tempered by means of contact and a current application, for example in the manner of a "waffle iron".
  • the drawing dies of the drawing press can be cooled, for example, via a cooling medium flowing through channels arranged in the drawing dies without contact with the workpiece. As a result, heat is extracted from the workpiece during forming, so that the time required for the overall process can be shortened. By cooling in the drawing press, however, the workpiece is not yet cured.
  • cooling medium depends on various factors.
  • different cooling media can be used in the drawing press and in the hardening device.
  • such cooling media are preferred, which can escape the workpiece much heat per unit time.
  • the cooling medium is suitable for cleaning the surface of the workpiece, for example of adhering substances.
  • water, oil, a water / oil mixture, a water / graphite mixture, ice, air, steam and / or a soap solution come as a cooling medium in question.
  • the workpiece blank is heated to a forming temperature which is above the austenitizing temperature of the workpiece blank or its material. This allows high strength values of the formed and hardened workpieces.
  • the quality of the material can be improved by first precooling the workpiece blank in the air after it has left the furnace and before being introduced into the drawing press becomes.
  • Pre-cooling in the air may preferably last about 4 to 10 seconds, especially 5 to 7 seconds. This pre-cooling in air has no negative influence on the desired properties to be set in the finished component in the aforementioned limits.
  • the hot forming plant may comprise a plurality of drawing presses, wherein the workpiece blank is gradually formed in the drawing presses.
  • workpieces can also be produced with elaborate geometric structures.
  • the temperature of the formed workpiece is then still high enough to be cured in the curing device by rapid cooling.
  • the formed workpiece is partially circulated directly by the cooling medium in the receptacle of the hardening device.
  • the cooling medium is thus conveyed in sections along the workpiece located in the receptacle. In this way, the workpiece can be withdrawn in a short time a large amount of heat.
  • the receptacle of the hardening device has channels through which the cooling medium can flow. These Channels are provided such that they allow at least partial hardening of the formed workpiece by direct heat exchange with the cooling medium.
  • the cooling medium is preferably passed on the one hand through channels to the workpiece or to certain sections of the workpiece. On the other hand, the cooling medium after contact with the workpiece is preferably transported away again by other channels.
  • channels allows a targeted flow of the cooling medium, whereby only certain areas of the workpiece can be brought into contact with the cooling medium.
  • only certain areas of the workpiece can be hardened, while other areas remain uncured as a result of lower and / or slower cooling.
  • the channels are formed so that the workpiece located in the receptacle closes the channels at least on one side.
  • the receptacle is designed such that always at least on one side of the workpiece, a contact surface between the workpiece and recording is provided. This allows the workpiece in the recording consistently - if more or less one-sided - be fixed.
  • a channel is always provided in the receptacle at least on one side of the workpiece. So can the workpiece in analog Way consistently - although more or less one-sided - cooled.
  • the channels of the recording are substantially opposite, i. on the other side of the workpiece, in each case one contact surface of the receptacle is assigned.
  • the receptacle has two channels having halves.
  • channels and bearing surfaces between the workpiece and the recording can be alternately provided on each side of the workpiece. This serves a uniform cooling and a uniform fixation of the workpiece.
  • the workpiece is not to be cooled uniformly, it may be provided that only certain areas, preferably the areas to be hardened, are rapidly cooled by direct heat exchange with the cooling medium. The others, such as the non-hardening, areas preferably do not come into direct contact with the cooling medium, whereby the workpieces cools there more slowly.
  • channels can be provided in the receptacle at least on one side of the workpiece only in the areas to be rapidly cooled or hardened. In these areas, more preferably, each channel of the receptacle lying opposite, ie on the other side of the workpiece, a contact surface of the receptacle may be arranged. In the remaining areas, that is, at the portions of the workpiece that are not so quickly cooled, the workpiece is preferably fixed from both sides by contact surfaces between the holder and the workpiece.
  • the workpiece is at least partially cut in the at least one drawing press during the forming process. In this way synergies can be created or used. It can be carried out in this way, the trimming at least partially at a time at which the workpiece is still uncured.
  • the portions of the workpiece to be trimmed may not be cured in the hardening device, as required, in contrast to the remaining portions of the workpiece.
  • the trimming of the workpiece after hardening of the formed workpiece can be simplified and higher Workpiece life can be achieved in the trimmer.
  • the sections or areas to be trimmed which are not to be hardened can be kept away from the cooling medium in the hardening device. It comes at the said sections to no direct heat exchange with the cooling medium.
  • these sections and / or areas can not be brought into contact with the drawing tools at most slightly.
  • the sections to be trimmed and / or areas not to be cured in the drawing press can not or only slightly, ie preferably partially, be pressed between the drawing tools.
  • the invention aims at hardening the workpiece in order to set high strengths in the finished component.
  • the at least partially to be cured areas or areas to be annealed need not necessarily have a substantially martensitic structure, but it can also be set another structure, such as bainitic or a mixed structure that allows an increase in toughness with reduced strength.
  • the targeted adjustment of the structure can be done via the parameters of the curing device, such as temperature and speed of the cooling medium.
  • FIG. 1 A hot forming plant 1 for carrying out a method for producing a hot-formed and hardened workpiece 2 is shown schematically.
  • This workpiece 2 can be a body component, such as suspension arms, side impact beams, bending beams, B-pillar, A-pillar or roof frame.
  • the hot forming plant 1 comprises a punching press 3 for cutting off steel sheet blanks, so-called blanks, from a steel sheet strip.
  • the steel strip S is unwound from a coil C and consists of a manganese-boron steel, preferably (AlSi-22MnB5). But there are others too Steel sheets, but also other surface coatings that are organic and / or metallic (zinc-based) conceivable.
  • the workpiece blanks 2 ' which are buffer-stored on a stack in the form of blanks, are successively introduced into a furnace 5, which is a roller hearth furnace, by a transfer device 4 designed as a robotic arm in the illustrated hot-forming plant 1.
  • the workpiece blanks 2 ' are heated to a forming temperature which is greater than the austenitizing temperature of the material of the workpiece blank 2'.
  • the austenitizing temperature is at least about 730 ° C.
  • the conversion of manganese-boron steel sheet from ferrite to austenite occurs between about 730 ° C and about 830 ° C.
  • the workpiece blank 2' in the furnace 5 is heated to a forming temperature of 880 ° C - 950 ° C.
  • the workpiece blank 2 ' can be kept at the austenitizing temperature for a certain time (holding time) in order to ensure a uniform transformation into austenite. If required, this can also be achieved by using a plurality of ovens, which pass through the workpiece blank in succession.
  • the heated to forming temperature workpiece blank 2 ' is passed through a further transfer device 6 to a drawing press 7.
  • the illustrated hot-forming plant 1 is once again a robot arm. But other transfer facilities are also conceivable.
  • the workpiece blank 2 ' is pre-cooled in the air for about 6 seconds, the temperature of the workpiece blank 2' being reduced to about 820 ° C.
  • the flat workpiece blank 2 ' is reshaped by pressing in the drawing press 7 the workpiece blank 2' between two drawing tools 8, 9, a male part and a female part.
  • its temperature can be reduced by heat release to the drawing tools 8,9 more or less significantly.
  • the drawing tools 8,9 are not forcibly cooled in the illustrated hot forming plant 1 via a cooling medium or the like.
  • the workpiece 2 is forwarded by a transfer device (not shown) to a hardening device 10.
  • This transfer device can in turn be designed as a robot arm or as another device.
  • the workpiece 2 is received in the curing device 10 in a receptacle 11, which consists of two halves 12,13.
  • the two halves 12,13 cooperate so that the workpiece 2 is fixed in the closed receptacle 11, so that the formed workpiece 2 can not deform during curing.
  • the workpiece 2 is hardened in the receptacle 11 by direct contact and thus direct heat exchange with a coolant (not shown). Both in the upper and in the lower half 12,13 of the receptacle 11 are channels 14 and holes 15,15 'introduced to direct the cooling medium to the surface of the workpiece 2 and after heat exchange dissipate again.
  • the workpiece is cooled in the illustrated method from about 520 ° C to below 200 ° C in about 4 seconds.
  • the hardened, formed workpiece 2 is passed on to a trimming device 16 in the illustrated hot-forming plant 1. There, parts of the workpiece 2 are cut off. In the trimmer 16, the temperature of the workpiece 2 further decreases by heat release to the air and the trimmer 16.
  • the temperature profile of the workpiece 2 is shown as a temperature-time diagram during some of the process steps described above. This temperature profile is for better illustration. In principle, deviations from this temperature profile both in terms of time and with respect to the temperatures of the workpiece 2 in the individual processing steps are possible.
  • the workpiece blank 2 ' is first heated to a temperature of about 900 ° C.
  • This heating phase of the workpiece blank 2 ' is not shown in the temperature-time diagram. If desired, the heating phase can be carried out with a steadily decreasing temperature gradient or a constant temperature gradient. It is also conceivable that the temperature of the workpiece blank 2 'is maintained during the heating approximately in the transition region to the austenite of about 730 ° C to 830 ° C for a certain time.
  • the heating phase is then followed by a pre-cooling phase I in which the workpiece blank 2 'cools from about 900 ° C. to about 820 ° C. in air in about 6 seconds before the workpiece blank 2' is formed in the drawing press 7.
  • a pre-cooling phase II the temperature drops to about 520 ° C for about 2 seconds.
  • a phase V is still provided, in which the workpiece 2 is transferred to a trimming device 16 and cut there. This phase lasts about another 4 seconds.
  • the temperature of the workpiece 2 hardly changes.
  • the workpiece 2 can therefore already be ready shredded about 19 seconds after removal from the oven 5 delivered to a finishing plant.
  • a temperature profile of a workpiece is shown as a temperature-time diagram, which is processed in a conventional manner.
  • the workpiece blank is heated to a temperature of about 900 ° C to be formed about 7 seconds after removal from the oven.
  • the forming and the hardening of the workpiece take place in parallel in a device for press hardening with drawing tools, which are cooled near the surface by means of a cooling medium and thus extract heat from the workpiece.
  • This process step takes about 12 seconds and is therefore completed about 19 seconds after the workpiece has been removed from the oven. A trimming of the workpiece is in this Time span has not yet occurred. This requires a separate procedure.
  • Fig. 4a to 4d are the individual tools in the Fig. 1 illustrated hot forming plant 1 shown.
  • the furnace 5 is shown, in the furnace chamber 17, a flat workpiece blank 2 'is introduced to be heated to forming temperature. It is a sheet steel plate.
  • the drawing tools 8.9 of the drawing press 7 are shown. The drawing tools 8,9 are in an open position.
  • the male mold forms the workpiece blank 2 'around the die and thus creates a workpiece 2 in the form of a molded part or drawn part.
  • Fig. 4c the two halves 12, 13 of a receptacle 11 of a hardening device 10 are shown, which will be described in more detail below.
  • a trimming device 16 is shown in which the two outer ends of the deformed and hardened workpiece 2 are cut off.
  • the receptacle 11 of the curing device 10 is shown in an open and in a closed position.
  • the receptacle 11 consists of an upper and a lower half 12,13.
  • the recording could also consist of several parts or be formed in one piece.
  • On both halves 12,13 of the receptacle 11 outwardly open channels 14 are provided. These channels 14 are closed in the closed position of the receptacle 11 by the workpiece 2 received therein, so that a cooling medium can circulate in the channels 14.
  • the cooling medium is supplied via only schematically illustrated holes 15,15 ', which are in communication with the channels 14, and discharged again.
  • the sections of the workpiece 2, which is not a close in the receptacle 11 existing channel 14, abut contact surfaces 18 on the receptacle 11 and one of the halves 12,13 of the receptacle 11 at.
  • the channels are provided distributed only over a region to be hardened 19 of the workpiece 2.
  • the edges 20 of the workpiece 2 are not hardened. There, the workpiece 2 does not come in contact with the cooling medium.
  • the workpiece 2 is in the closed position of the receptacle 11 and filled with cooling medium channels 14 at least from one side, ie from above or below, in contact with the cooling medium. In the area to be hardened 19, the workpiece 2 is thus cooled everywhere either from above or from below via direct heat exchange with the cooling medium.
  • the channels 14 of the one half 12,13 of the receptacle 11 are on the other half 13,12 of the receptacle 11 contact surfaces 18 against.
  • the workpiece 2 is as it were fixed either from above or from below via the contact surfaces 18 of the receptacle 11.
  • the workpiece 2 is in each case continuously on the contact surfaces 18 of both halves 12,13 of the receptacle 11 at.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
EP10185787.8A 2009-10-23 2010-10-01 Verfahren und Warmumformanlage zur Herstellung eines gehärteten, warm umgeformten Werkstücks Active EP2324938B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009050533A DE102009050533A1 (de) 2009-10-23 2009-10-23 Verfahren und Warmumformanlage zur Herstellung eines gehärteten, warm umgeformten Werkstücks

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2324938A1 EP2324938A1 (de) 2011-05-25
EP2324938B1 true EP2324938B1 (de) 2014-04-16

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Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20110094282A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP2324938B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN102039349A (zh)
DE (1) DE102009050533A1 (zh)

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EP2754723A3 (en) 2011-01-17 2016-08-31 Tata Steel IJmuiden BV Method to produce a hot formed part, and part thus formed
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CN106141050A (zh) * 2015-04-13 2016-11-23 祥和科技有限公司 用于锻压具有延长高度的硬盘驱动器基板的方法和装置
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