EP2320522B1 - Antennenarchitektur, die eine Synthese von Strahlen mit verstellbaren Abtastern nutzt - Google Patents

Antennenarchitektur, die eine Synthese von Strahlen mit verstellbaren Abtastern nutzt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2320522B1
EP2320522B1 EP10187135A EP10187135A EP2320522B1 EP 2320522 B1 EP2320522 B1 EP 2320522B1 EP 10187135 A EP10187135 A EP 10187135A EP 10187135 A EP10187135 A EP 10187135A EP 2320522 B1 EP2320522 B1 EP 2320522B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sources
antenna system
equal
sampling pitch
board antenna
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EP10187135A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2320522A1 (de
Inventor
Gérard Raguenet
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an antenna device generating one or more beams and intended to be embedded on a satellite, in particular a geostationary-type satellite or operating in HEO (High Elliptical Orbit) mode.
  • a satellite in particular a geostationary-type satellite or operating in HEO (High Elliptical Orbit) mode.
  • HEO High Elliptical Orbit
  • the design of the onboard antenna according to the invention is in the context of a general problem related to the performance performance in terms of field of view, directivity and merit factor G / T, where G is the antenna gain and T the equivalent noise temperature developed at the system level, and thus involving the architecture of the payload, with a minimum of sources.
  • G is the antenna gain and T the equivalent noise temperature developed at the system level, and thus involving the architecture of the payload, with a minimum of sources.
  • the objective is to arrive at an optimized dimensioning of such an antenna in terms of complexity and cost, while maintaining precise system objectives relating to the quality of the link envisaged.
  • These system objectives can be parameterized according to the capacity or the flow, or, at the level of the edge segment, by quantities such as the G gain or the G / T merit factor.
  • one area of improvement consists of reducing the number of sources. For that, one is interested in the sampling of a focal network constituted from said sources. In this way, we intend to maintain a high level of performance while decreasing the technical complexity of the system.
  • the present description is based on examples of sizing embedded multi-beam antennas. Starting from a known sizing method, the following description shows how the present invention mainly makes it possible to reduce the number of sources required, while maintaining system objectives that meet the needs of the mission.
  • Telecom satellites such as known satellites of the INMARSAT IV system include 120 sources for generating 220 beams. They each induce the implementation of a focal network illuminating a reflector 9 meters in diameter. This focal network occupies an area of about 2.5 meters by 2.5 meters for a thickness of about sixty centimeters. The complexity of the system results from the product of the number of sources by the number of beams.
  • the satellite link of the geostationary satellite to the low-orbiting satellite has a constraint on the directivity of the beams of the antenna embedded on said geostationary satellite.
  • the fixing a stress on the directivity, typically 44 dBi and a constraint on the G / T ratio, G being the gain of the antenna and T the equivalent noise temperature, typically 17 dB / K induces, for a given operating frequency, for example 8 GHz, a minimum diameter for the antenna reflector, 2.5 meters in the present example.
  • a given operating frequency for example 8 GHz
  • it is then possible to calculate the geometry of a horn adapted to such an antenna typically having a diameter of 14 centimeters in this case.
  • the pitch of the sources is chosen proportional to the operating wavelength of the antenna.
  • An object of the invention is to simplify the design and especially the sizing of embedded antennas mono or multi-beams, and in particular to reduce the number of sources to implement, with equal or greater performance.
  • the innovative approach is based on three elements: a systemic remark, a principle of flexibility at the sampling sources and know-how in antenna design for space applications.
  • said antenna generates a plurality of beams.
  • the antenna of the system according to the invention can comprise n rows of sources of which a first subset of p rows of sources has a first sampling step, constant, and a second subset of np rows presents a second no sampling, constant and different from said first sampling step, where n and p are natural numbers greater than or equal to 1, and n being greater than or equal to p.
  • the antenna of the system according to the invention can comprise n rows of sources of which a first subset of p rows of sources has a first sampling step, constant, and a second subset of np rows presents a second not sampling, variable, n and p being natural numbers greater than or equal to 1, and n being greater than or equal to p.
  • the system according to the invention may have misalignment loss performance in all the directions of said antenna less than 1 dB.
  • the system according to the invention may further comprise crowns arranged on each side of at least a portion of the sources.
  • the system according to the invention may comprise a reflector illuminated by the set of sources and at least one horn associated with said set of sources.
  • the system according to the invention has a ratio of the focal length to the reflector diameter greater than or equal to 1.6.
  • the method for dimensioning an on-board antenna system in accordance with the invention may further include a step of calculating the offset to be applied to the focal grating relative to the reflector, so as to take into account the asymmetry of the performance of misalignment losses according to the invention. set of directions of said antenna.
  • the figure 1 clearly shows that a relaxation phenomenon occurs for misalignment angles greater than 7 °.
  • the figure 1 gives, in the context of a receiving antenna having characteristics and performance objectives as described in the example presented above, the thermodynamic temperature of the receiving assembly - comprising an antenna, a "feeder And a reception section - Tsyst, expressed in dBK, as a function of the depointing angle, denoted Dep, of the radiated beam.
  • the temperature Tsyst is not constant during the misalignment.
  • an antenna temperature which is the result of the convolution of the diagram of the antenna with a temperature map.
  • the choice of setting a temperature is only true if the whole beam only sees the Earth. From the moment when the beam is separated, the convolution with a cold source, the interstellar space, will lower this temperature. It is therefore possible to have an abacus of the temperature Tsyst as a function of the angle of misalignment of the beam.
  • the first principle of the invention consists in exploiting this phenomenon of relaxation to adapt as closely as possible the spacing of the sources with a view to reducing the overall complexity of the system.
  • the figure 2 illustrates this principle. Indeed, the figure 2 presents the required directivity as a function of the misalignment of the beams.
  • the taking into account of the relaxe phenomenon described above leads to the second point of the invention, which consists in sampling as accurately as possible, with appropriate sources, so as to meet the minimum directivity objectives required to operate at the iso G / T system.
  • This condition reflects a constant link budget throughout the misalignment and makes it possible not to over-dimension unnecessarily the system as it occurs when working iso gain.
  • the iso G / T condition resulting from the relaxe phenomenon is equivalent to offering the same system capability to users regardless of their location and thus opens up the prospects of simplifying the associated edge segment.
  • the second principle implemented according to the invention consists in changing the spacing of the sources, that is to say the sampling step of said sources, by exploiting the phenomenon of relaxation, and retaining a consistent level of performance from the point of view of the G / T ratio.
  • the requirement, as we have seen, is reflected in the form of a directivity requirement as a function of the misalignment angle, which therefore benefits from the relaxation from 7 ° off-axis.
  • the figure 3 gives an indication of the reflector and source markers, typically used to define offset reflector geometries.
  • the reflector R of an antenna is here represented in section in the form of a parabola arc with apex S.
  • the reflector R is associated with the reference consisting of the axes X R , Y R and Z R , and center the vertex S of the parabola.
  • the source reference associated with the sources of the antenna, consists of the axes X s , Y s and Z s , and has as center the focus F of the parabola corresponding to the reflector R, as shown in the diagram.
  • the main advantage of the invention is to significantly reduce the complexity of a single or multi-beam on-board antenna, in particular by reducing the number of sources to be used, and, consequently, the invention makes it possible to reduce development costs. associated with such an antenna.

Landscapes

  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Bordantennensystem für Satelliten, das einen Satz von Quellen, die eine Fokalanordnung bilden, umfasst, die durch einen Abtastschritt getrennt sind, wobei jede Quelle des Quellensatzes einen Fehlausrichtungswinkel hat, wobei die Bordantenne Richtwirkung, Verstärkung und äquivalente Rauschtemperatur (Tsyst) hat, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abtastschritt Folgendes ist:
    • variabel,
    • und so konfiguriert, dass die Richtwirkung der Antenne in Abhängigkeit vom Fehlausrichtungswinkel der Quellen optimiert und das Verhältnis zwischen Verstärkung und äquivalenter Rauschtemperatur (Tsyst), das dem Gütefaktor des Systems entspricht, im Wesentlichen konstant gehalten wird.
  2. Bordantennensystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne mehrere Strahlen erzeugt.
  3. Bordantennensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es n Reihen von Quellen enthält, von denen eine erste Teilmenge von p Reihen von Quellen einen ersten konstanten Abtastschritt hat und eine zweite Teilmenge von n-p Reihen einen zweiten Abtastschritt hat, der konstant ist und sich von dem ersten Abtastschritt unterscheidet, wobei n und p natürliche ganze Zahlen gleich oder größer als 1 sind und n gleich oder größer als p ist.
  4. Bordantennensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es n Reihen von Quellen umfasst, von denen eine erste Teilmenge von p Reihen von Quellen einen ersten konstanten Abtastschritt und eine zweite Teilmenge von n-p Reihen einen zweiten variablen Abtastschritt hat, und wobei n und p natürliche ganze Zahlen gleich oder größer als 1 sind und n gleich oder größer als p ist.
  5. Bordantennensystem nach Anspruch 4, für das ein Entspannungsphänomen existiert, das einer Senkung der Rauschtemperatur aufgrund einer Fehlausrichtung des Strahls entspricht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diejenige(n) aus dem Satz von Quellen, die einen Fehlausrichtungswinkel hat/haben, der gleich oder größer als eine vorbestimmte Schwelle ist, die zweite Teilmenge von Quellen mit dem zweiten variablen Abtastschritt bildet/-n.
  6. Bordantennensystem nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 5, mit einer Betriebswellenlänge λ, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    • der Satz von Quellen etwa 550 Quellen umfasst,
    • die erste Teilmenge aus Quellen aus dem Quellensatz besteht, die einen Fehlausrichtungswinkel von gleich oder weniger als 7° haben, und einen konstanten Abtastschritt gleich 1,4λ hat,
    • die zweite Teilmenge von Quellen aus dem Quellensatz besteht, die einen Fehlausrichtungswinkel zwischen 7° und 9° haben, und eine von 1,4λ bis 1,6λ variable Abtastteilung hat,
    • wobei die Antenne eine Richtwirkung hat, die im Wesentlichen gleich 44 dBi ist.
  7. Bordantennensystem nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Fehlausrichtungsverlustleistungen gemäß dem Satz von Richtungen der Antenne von weniger als 1 dB hat.
  8. Bordantennensystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ferner Ringe umfasst, die auf beiden Seiten von wenigstens einem Teil der Quellen angeordnet sind.
  9. Bordantennensystem nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es einen von dem Quellensatz beleuchteten Reflektor (R) und wenigstens ein mit dem Quellensatz assoziierte Horn umfasst.
  10. Bordantennensystem nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ein Verhältnis zwischen dem Fokalabstand und dem Durchmesser des Reflektors (R) von gleich oder mehr als 1,6 hat.
  11. Verfahren zum Dimensionieren eines Bordantennensystems nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte beinhaltet:
    • Berechnen der äquivalenten Rauschtemperatur (Tsyst) der Antenne in Abhängigkeit vom Fehlausrichtungswinkel der Quellen des Quellensatzes, so dass ein Entspannungsphänomen entsteht;
    • Berechnen der Richtwirkungsanforderung der Quellen des Quellensatzes in Abhängigkeit vom Fehlausrichtungswinkel der Quellen unter Berücksichtigung des Entspannungsphänomens;
    • Berechnen der Abtastschritte der Quellen, um die für den Quellensatz berechnete Richtwirkungsanforderung zu erfüllen.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 zum Dimensionieren eines Bordantennensystems nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ferner einen Schritt des Berechnens des Versatzes beinhaltet, der auf das Fokalnetz relativ zum Reflektor anzuwenden ist, um die Dissymmetrie der Fehlausrichtungsverlustleistungen gemäß allen Richtungen der Antenne zu berücksichtigen.
EP10187135A 2009-10-20 2010-10-11 Antennenarchitektur, die eine Synthese von Strahlen mit verstellbaren Abtastern nutzt Active EP2320522B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0905031A FR2951586B1 (fr) 2009-10-20 2009-10-20 Architecture d'antenne mettant en jeu une synthese de faisceaux avec des echantillonneurs a pas variable

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2320522A1 EP2320522A1 (de) 2011-05-11
EP2320522B1 true EP2320522B1 (de) 2012-03-14

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EP (1) EP2320522B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE549767T1 (de)
ES (1) ES2382880T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2951586B1 (de)

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2588422A1 (fr) * 1985-10-08 1987-04-10 Thomson Csf Antenne a balayage electronique ayant un nombre reduit d'elements rayonnants et de dephaseurs, et un angle de balayage restreint
FR2779831B1 (fr) * 1998-06-12 2000-09-01 Thomson Csf Procede d'augmentation de la couverture angulaire de radars a formation de faisceaux, et radar le mettant en oeuvre

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Publication number Publication date
FR2951586B1 (fr) 2011-11-18
ATE549767T1 (de) 2012-03-15
FR2951586A1 (fr) 2011-04-22
EP2320522A1 (de) 2011-05-11
ES2382880T3 (es) 2012-06-14

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