EP1798809B1 - Vorrichtung zum Ausstrahlen und/oder Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen für aerodynamisch gesteuerte Luftfahrzeuge - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zum Ausstrahlen und/oder Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen für aerodynamisch gesteuerte Luftfahrzeuge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1798809B1
EP1798809B1 EP06125691A EP06125691A EP1798809B1 EP 1798809 B1 EP1798809 B1 EP 1798809B1 EP 06125691 A EP06125691 A EP 06125691A EP 06125691 A EP06125691 A EP 06125691A EP 1798809 B1 EP1798809 B1 EP 1798809B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
reflector
aerodynes
reflector array
electromagnetic waves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06125691A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1798809A1 (de
Inventor
Michel Soiron
Georges Guillaumot
Thierry Dousset
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Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/282—Modifying the aerodynamic properties of the vehicle, e.g. projecting type aerials
    • H01Q1/283—Blade, stub antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/286—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft
    • H01Q1/287—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft integrated in a wing or a stabiliser
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves for aerodynes. It applies for example in the field of aeronautics.
  • IFE services entail new constraints. For example, high-speed Internet access for each passenger requires very high transmission rates to geostationary satellites in charge of distributing information.
  • An additional transmitting and / or receiving antenna must be installed on the upper part of the aircraft fuselage. First of all, this antenna must be able to target any satellite according to the geographical position of the aircraft which is constantly moving. In addition, the antenna must emit a high frequency wave suitable for broadband, in the X band, Ku or Ka for example, that is to say between 10 and 35 gigahertz. Knowing that the conventional functions of communication and navigation already require a large number of antennas distributed on the back and under the belly of the device, this poses problems of availability and choice of implantation areas, as well as problems decoupling verification between antennas.
  • a conventional solution is the use of a directional antenna oriented mechanically in the direction of the satellite, the entire device being enclosed in a fixed radome.
  • the permanent increase of the rates implies a constant increase of the frequencies, until Ka band for example, and the cost of design, realization and maintenance of this type of antenna increases rapidly.
  • the limited reliability of any mechanical servocontrol is all the more economically damaging because the maintenance operations on the back of the device are difficult.
  • these antennas are bulky and make a considerable protuberance appears on the surface of the fuselage, significantly increasing the drag of the aircraft and thus its consumption of kerosene.
  • the use of several of these antennas on the same carrier generates masking areas.
  • Another solution can be envisaged which overcomes the disadvantages of reliability of a mechanical servocontrol. It is the use of 3 fixed antennas with electronic scanning arranged on the fuselage of the apparatus according to 3 very precise directions. Indeed, a single antenna of this type has an angular coverage that is very limited to a cone of about 60 degrees around the normal direction to the antenna. In addition, the signal loses in quality when it is emitted with an angle away from the normal direction to the antenna. Three of them are correctly oriented in order to satisfy the angular coverage constraints, one horizontally arranged on the top of the fuselage and the two others arranged vertically on each side of the fuselage.
  • these antennas have a relatively large thickness because they incorporate a wave emitting device behind the antenna itself, the latter being traversed by the waves it refracts. Their size, although lower than a mechanical scanning antenna, remains high and still shows significant protuberances. Finally, such a device with three antennas requires an implantation surface on the surface of the fuselage rather extended and therefore hardly available. Their maintenance from inside the plane is also made difficult by the need to develop 3 separate accesses.
  • a reflector array antenna adjusts the angle of reflection of the beam by relative phase shift of the radiated field by elements arranged in a network.
  • the radiating elements arranged in a network may be waveguides incorporating phase shifters with diodes or microelectromechanical systems for example, commonly called MEMS according to the English expression "Micro-Electro-Mechanical System”.
  • MEMS microelectromechanical systems
  • This technology is well known elsewhere.
  • it is also necessary to install 3 masts with aerodynamic profile and equipped with lighting horns at their summit to illuminate the three reflector networks. Since this type of antenna has the same angular coverage limitations as conventional electronic scanning antennas, ie about 60 degrees around the normal direction of the antenna, it also takes three correctly oriented to satisfy the angular cover constraints. One of them must be arranged horizontally on the top of the fuselage with its illumination mast and the other two vertically on each side with their illumination masts as well. But even if the thickness is considerably reduced, such a solution still requires a too large implantation surface.
  • WO 03/058753 A2 discloses a device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves for aerodynes according to the prior art.
  • the invention aims in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by opportunely exploiting an already existing structure on the fuselage of the aircraft, namely the saber type antenna.
  • a saber antenna is present on any aircraft to provide radio voice communications in VHF and UHF bands.
  • the subject of the invention is a device for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves for aerodynes comprising a saber antenna present on the top of the fuselage of the aircraft. It also has a main reflector array horizontally at the foot of the saber antenna and a main illumination horn located at the top of the saber antenna, the horn illuminating the main reflector network. It also has two secondary reflector networks arranged vertically on both sides. other faces of the saber antenna and two secondary lighting horns arranged at the foot of the antenna in the plane of the main reflector network, each horn illuminating one of the secondary reflector networks. Each reflector network reflects the waves emitted by the illuminating cornet illuminating it.
  • one of the directional reflective planes may be an array of reflective and directional radiating elements by relative phase shift of the field radiated by the elements, thin enough not to inadvertently increase the thickness of the saber antenna.
  • reflected waves are in the X, Ku or Ka band.
  • the main advantages of the invention are that it integrates with an existing reception structure that is the saber antenna without disturbing its operation. Indeed, the traditional voice communication functions UHF radio and VHF saber antenna remain independent of the new functions on other frequency bands. Decoupling is ensured by the fact that these functions are addressed to very different frequency ranges. In particular, one can fail without consequence on the other. Thus it is a compact and modular multifunction solution that limits the increasing proliferation of antennas and facilitates maintenance. Not involving any complex mechanical servocontrol device for the benefit of electronic scanning technology, it is not only a more reliable solution but also a better solution in terms of accuracy and speed of beam pointing.
  • a saber antenna 2 is implanted vertically by its base on the upper part of the fuselage 1 of an aircraft.
  • a saber antenna is a conductive plate whose shape can resemble that of a blade. It is also better known by its Anglo-Saxon designation "blade antenna” which means “blade antenna”. For example it is a quadrilateral whose 2 opposite sides forming the base and the top of the antenna are parallel, the length of its base being of the order of twice that of its top.
  • This blade shape has the dual advantage of having an aerodynamic profile and being adapted to transmit and receive waves in VHF and UHF bands used for radio voice communications between the pilot and the ground traffic controllers. . It can be protected by a polyurethane cover for example.
  • a reflector network 3 is located flat horizontally on the fuselage of the aircraft at the foot of the saber antenna 2.
  • a lighting horn 4 is disposed at the top of the saber antenna, at the rear for example of to overhang the reflector network 3 and oriented so as to illuminate it as efficiently as possible.
  • this reflector network technology does not allow to reflect a quality signal outside a 60 degree cone focused on the normal direction to the reflector network. This antenna alone is not enough to cover a portion of space enough to hope to point any geostationary satellite.
  • two other reflector networks 5 and 6 are advantageously arranged vertically flat on either side of the conductive plate forming the saber antenna.
  • Two lighting horns 7 and 8 are arranged at the foot of the saber antenna in the plane of the reflector array 3 facing the reflector gratings 5 and 6 and oriented so as to illuminate them as efficiently as possible.
  • circular wave beams 10 and 11 coming from the illumination horns 7 and 8 are reflected by the reflecting gratings 5 and 6 in planar wave beams. If each of the two lateral reflector array antennas has the same angular coverage limitation as that placed at the base of the saber antenna, the assembly made by the three reflector array antennas, on the other hand, has a much wider total angular coverage.
  • the beams of emitted and reflected waves are in the frequency band X, Ku or Ka, that is to say between 10 and 35 gigahertz.
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate the angular coverage of the reflector array antenna 3 of the preceding example of embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • the figure 3a highlights by a side view the angular coverage of the device in a straight cone of 60 degrees of half-opening oriented on the normal direction 20 to the reflector network 3.
  • the figure 3b highlights by a front view the angular range of the device in this cone. All the space above the unit is covered.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrate the angular coverage of the reflector array antennas 5 and 6 of the previous embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • the figure 4a shows in a view from above, on the one hand the angular range of the device in a straight cone of 60 degrees of half opening oriented on the normal direction 21 to the reflector network 5, and secondly the angular range of the device in a right cone of 60 degrees half-aperture centered on the normal 22 to the reflector network 6.
  • the figure 4b highlights by a front view the angular range of the device in these two cones. The entire area of space on the right and left of the device is covered.
  • the device according to the invention leaves only two shaded areas, one towards the front of the device and the other towards the rear. Each of these shaded areas forms a right cone of about 30 degrees half-aperture and oriented longitudinally to the apparatus. But it should be noted that the current solutions based on mechanical servocontrol or conventional electronic scanning also have shadows, often due to adjacent equipment. In the case of the device according to the invention, only a satellite located far in front of the device or far behind can not be pointed.
  • the device according to the invention is therefore entirely suitable for transmitting information from IFE systems. Moreover, not presenting the difficulties of maintenance, the problems of reliability or excess consumption of current solutions based on mechanical servocontrol or conventional electronic scanning, the device according to the invention therefore has a major economic interest.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Control Of High-Frequency Heating Circuits (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Senden und/oder Empfangen elektromagnetischer Wellen für Luftfahrzeuge, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aufweist:
    - eine Blattantenne (2), die auf der Oberseite des Rumpfs des Luftfahrzeugs vorhanden ist;
    - ein Hauptreflektornetz (3), das waagrecht am Fuß der Blattantenne angeordnet ist;
    - ein Hauptbeleuchtungs-Hornstrahler (4), der am Scheitel der Blattantenne angeordnet ist, wobei der Hornstrahler das Hauptreflektornetz beleuchtet;
    - zwei Nebenreflektornetze (5, 6), die senkrecht zu beiden Seiten der Flächen der Blattantenne angeordnet sind;
    - zwei Nebenbeleuchtungs-Hornstrahler (7, 8), die am Fuß der Blattantenne in der Ebene des Hauptreflektornetzes angeordnet sind, wobei jeder Hornstrahler eines der Nebenreflektornetze beleuchtet;
    wobei jedes Reflektornetz die Wellen (9, 10, 11) reflektiert, die von dem es beleuchtenden Beleuchtungs-Hornstrahler gesendet werden.
  2. Vorrichtung zum Senden und/oder Empfangen elektromagnetischer Wellen für Luftfahrzeuge nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hauptreflektornetz (3) oder eines der Nebenreflektornetze (5, 6) ein Richtreflektornetz ist, das es ermöglicht, alle Wellen in der gleichen Richtung zu reflektieren.
  3. Vorrichtung zum Senden und/oder Empfangen elektromagnetischer Wellen für Luftfahrzeuge nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hauptreflektornetz (3) oder eines der Nebenreflektornetze (5, 6) ein Richtnetz strahlender Elementen durch relative Phasenverschiebung des von den Elementen abgestrahlten Felds ist.
  4. Vorrichtung zum Senden und/oder Empfangen elektromagnetischer Wellen für Luftfahrzeuge nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die reflektierten Wellen im Frequenzband X, Ku oder Ka liegen.
EP06125691A 2005-12-16 2006-12-08 Vorrichtung zum Ausstrahlen und/oder Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen für aerodynamisch gesteuerte Luftfahrzeuge Not-in-force EP1798809B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0512846A FR2895152B1 (fr) 2005-12-16 2005-12-16 Dispositif d'emission et/ou de reception d'ondes electromagnetiques pour aerodynes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1798809A1 EP1798809A1 (de) 2007-06-20
EP1798809B1 true EP1798809B1 (de) 2008-08-13

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EP06125691A Not-in-force EP1798809B1 (de) 2005-12-16 2006-12-08 Vorrichtung zum Ausstrahlen und/oder Empfangen von elektromagnetischen Wellen für aerodynamisch gesteuerte Luftfahrzeuge

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US (1) US7372414B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1798809B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE405002T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006002230D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2895152B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2571556C2 (ru) * 2012-10-09 2015-12-20 Зе Боинг Компани Конформная активная отражательная решетка для уменьшения многолучевой интерференции и помех, обусловленных размещением электронного оборудования на одном и том же объекте

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2474923B (en) 2008-07-18 2011-11-16 Phasor Solutions Ltd A phased array antenna and a method of operating a phased array antenna
GB201215114D0 (en) 2012-08-24 2012-10-10 Phasor Solutions Ltd Improvements in or relating to the processing of noisy analogue signals
GB201403507D0 (en) 2014-02-27 2014-04-16 Phasor Solutions Ltd Apparatus comprising an antenna array
US10170843B2 (en) 2015-05-29 2019-01-01 California Institute Of Technology Parabolic deployable antenna
US20170110803A1 (en) * 2015-07-08 2017-04-20 California Institute Of Technology Deployable reflectarray high gain antenna for satellite applications
US11677140B2 (en) * 2020-09-15 2023-06-13 Gilat Satellite Networks Ltd. Controllable antenna arrays for wireless communications

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US4148040A (en) * 1976-11-03 1979-04-03 The Boeing Company High resolution side-looking airborne radar antenna
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USH1219H (en) * 1991-04-19 1993-08-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Electrically small cavity antenna
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2571556C2 (ru) * 2012-10-09 2015-12-20 Зе Боинг Компани Конформная активная отражательная решетка для уменьшения многолучевой интерференции и помех, обусловленных размещением электронного оборудования на одном и том же объекте
RU2571556C9 (ru) * 2012-10-09 2016-09-20 Зе Боинг Компани Конформная активная отражательная решетка для уменьшения многолучевой интерференции и помех, обусловленных размещением электронного оборудования на одном и том же объекте

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602006002230D1 (de) 2008-09-25
US20070216586A1 (en) 2007-09-20
FR2895152B1 (fr) 2008-01-25
US7372414B2 (en) 2008-05-13
EP1798809A1 (de) 2007-06-20
ATE405002T1 (de) 2008-08-15
FR2895152A1 (fr) 2007-06-22

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