EP2314787B1 - Self-supporting thermal insulated panel with air gaps - Google Patents
Self-supporting thermal insulated panel with air gaps Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2314787B1 EP2314787B1 EP20100188243 EP10188243A EP2314787B1 EP 2314787 B1 EP2314787 B1 EP 2314787B1 EP 20100188243 EP20100188243 EP 20100188243 EP 10188243 A EP10188243 A EP 10188243A EP 2314787 B1 EP2314787 B1 EP 2314787B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chassis
- rafters
- sheet
- casing according
- modules
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
- E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
- E04B7/22—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded the slabs having insulating properties, e.g. laminated with layers of insulating material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
- E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
- E04D13/1612—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters
- E04D13/1625—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters with means for supporting the insulating material between the purlins or rafters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a self-supporting thermal insulation casing that can be used on walls and / or roofs, and in particular a self-supporting casing known as the "seasoned casing" used as a cover in direct laying on purlins.
- JP 2003 160994A discloses a box according to the preamble of claim 1.
- caissons Insulated caissons, known as caissons, have long been known to replace discrete elements of traditional framing in which rafters are nailed in the direction of the slope of the roof on parallel purlins orthogonal to this slope and a layer of thermal insulation is unwound and fixed between the rafters by a pre-assembled set placed directly on the purlins.
- Such insulating caissons generally consist of a flat rectangular panel, of agglomerated wood or plywood, said sub-face panel, having a lower face, said face facing, likely to have a visible decoration once the insulating box is placed, and an upper face on which are fixed longitudinal chevrons, between which a thermal insulating material such as mineral wool, vegetable or animal, compressed or not, or synthetic products (expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, etc.) is installed.
- Such casings have an undeniable advantage relative to the ease of installation and the waterproofness of the roof, because they allow the laying in a single operation of an inner liner made by the facing face of the rectangular panel forming the base of the roof. caisson, chevron allowing the support of the roof and the thermal insulation of the roof.
- the invention therefore aims to provide a self-supporting thermal insulation casing that retains the advantages of the experienced casings known ease of laying while providing improved performance in terms of thermal insulation.
- the invention also aims to provide a self-supporting thermal insulation box which is lighter than traditional seasoned boxes and allows higher spans.
- the invention also aims to provide such a box whose insulation performance in summer, when the main element is the radiation of the sun, is much higher than that of traditional boxes.
- the term "reflective insulating sheet” means any composite sheet formed by one or more layers of thermal insulation material (s), (for example a layer of synthetic foam of 1 to 2 mm thick), covered on at least one of its faces by a metallic or metallized film of low emissivity (preferably less than 0.1) and high reflectance (greater than 0.9 for example).
- the reflective insulating sheet has on both sides a metallized synthetic film.
- a thin sheet of reflective insulation (1 to 2 mm) can be described as thin reflective insulation.
- the insulating block (or the insulating blocks, if the box has more than two chevrons) is formed of stackings of modules, for example 5, 10 or 15 modules, to obtain thermal resistors of 2.1 m 2 .K / W for a stack of 5 modules forming an overall thickness of the order of 55 mm, 4.2 m 2 .K / W for 10 modules and 6.3 m 2 .K / W for 15 modules, the stackings being arranged parallel to the underside panel and juxtaposed lengthwise to cover the length of the box.
- the thickness of the modules is chosen to be less than 30 millimeters to limit the thickness and optimize the thermal performance of the gas strip they delimit. Indeed, it is known that a gas layer with a thickness of less than 30 mm minimizes the movements of the gas enclosed inside, related to the natural convection phenomenon, when a temperature gradient is applied on both sides. other of the gas slide.
- modules independent of each other but adapted to form a plurality of blades of air (or gas if the modules are closed on their two main faces by a sheet of insulating reflective waterproof and filled with low gas thermal conduction such as nitrogen dioxide or carbon dioxide) makes it easy to industrialize manufacturing and to adapt the thermal resistance of the seasoned box to the demand.
- the thickness of the module is between 5 mm and 20 mm, and preferably of the order of 10 mm.
- the use of small thickness modules makes it possible to obtain a thickness of the air gap sufficiently small so that convection phenomena (related to the movement of the gas in the air gap) can not occur.
- the reflective insulating sheet extends beyond the frame forming a flap of width substantially equal to the thickness of the frame.
- the voluntary overflow of the reflective insulating sheet makes it possible to add a possibility of adjustment to the width of the stack of modules to adapt to the tolerances of straightness and squareness of the rafters.
- the flap thus formed extends at least in the direction of the width of the frame and preferably all around it.
- the flap is folded and glued to the outer wall of the frame.
- a reflective insulation having an inner layer of 2 mm of foam, this allows an adjustment of width of the stack about 4 mm, and adds a reflective face around the edge of the air space, in contact with the rafters and adjacent modules.
- the flap is deployed towards the top of the box when the module is inserted between the rafters so as to segment a parasitic air blade between the stack of modules and the wall of the rafter and to cause jamming. modules in the box.
- the flap tends to return to the horizontal and firmly rests on the adjacent chevron, thus segmenting a possible parasitic air blade between the stack of modules and the chevron and removing a possible thermal bridge around the stack of modules.
- its intrinsic stiffness makes it a wedge that prevents the module from going back when inserted between the rafters.
- the frame of each module is cut in an insulating foam plate.
- a die cut or water jet (or any other suitable cutting technique) is used to cut the frames in a polyethylene foam plate 5 to 10 mm thick.
- the frame is cut in one piece in its final form. This solution provides a good intrinsic rigidity of the chassis.
- the frame is cut according to a pattern allowing its deployment after cutting and its stiffening by fixing the reflective insulating sheet.
- the cut thus makes it possible to minimize the material falls and the rigidity of the frame is obtained, once it is deployed in its final form, by the fixing of the reflective insulating sheet, by a seam or gluing which can be performed with a chemical glue or hot or ultrasound.
- the chassis comprises a central cross member which improves transverse rigidity.
- the frame is made from a profile of synthetic material, having on opposite sides parallel to the plane of the frame a groove and a tongue adapted to cooperate by interlocking with the grooves and tongues of the adjacent superposed frames in order to tension the reflective insulating sheet between two frames and to make the stack of modules integral.
- the assembly of the reflective insulating sheet is made by wedging between the tongue and the groove of two contiguous superposed frames, which makes it possible to tension this sheet effectively on the frame and to limit the deflection to center of it.
- the walls of the frames are at least partly metallized, and in particular the inner walls, which makes it possible to obtain an air or gas gap delimited on its six faces by a low emissivity surface and strongly reflective.
- the insulating block further comprises at least one continuous gas blade, said continuous blade, over the entire length of the box.
- each insulating block comprises, over its entire length, a blade of air or gas in which it is possible to establish a controlled gas flow.
- the continuous blade is formed by a sheet of reflective insulation stretched between the rafters above the stack of modules.
- the gas strip can thus be formed by draping a sheet of reflective insulation between battens fixed to the rafters and forming a stop for the stack of modules.
- said reflective insulating sheet is fixed on the rafters by an omega profile having a core parallel to the upper face of the chevron and wings parallel to the vertical faces of the chevron and pressed against them.
- the installation of a continuous blade is thus particularly easy since it is sufficient, after insertion and fixing of the stack of modules, to unroll a sheet of reflective insulation above the box seasoned and fixed on each rafter by a section whose wings will stretch the leaf and provide above it a second continuous air gap allowing natural ventilation of the under roof.
- each insulating block is closed by an end plug comprising, along a transverse axis of the box, a tubular recess having an opening adapted to come opposite the continuous blade.
- end plugs complete the sealing of the insulating blocks of the seasoned box and allow, in cooperation with corresponding openings in the rafters facing the tubular recess, to blow into the continuous gas blade a controlled flow of gas, both in its nature only in its direction, its flow, etc.
- the rafters are made in the form of an assembled beam comprising a board forming the core of the beam and two grooved battens glued to the longitudinal edges of said board.
- This arrangement reduces the thermal bridges related to the chevron, the board forming the core of the beam may be reduced thickness compared to a monobloc chevron of the same strength.
- the invention also relates to a self-supporting thermal insulation casing characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
- the self-supporting thermal insulation casing with air knives, or box 1 seasoned, of the invention is intended to be attached directly to faults parallel to the ridge of the roof, perpendicular to these failures, in the direction of the slope of the roof. It comprises a panel 2 of underside, usually wood or plasterboard with a thickness of the order of 10 to 20 mm, having a face 3 of facing likely to carry a decor such as a paint, a coating laminate, an imitation of paneling, etc. visible from the underside of the roof, between breakdowns.
- Stiffening elements so-called chevrons 4 are fixed on the panel 2 of opposite side parallel to each other and to the long side of the panel 2 of under face.
- the chevrons 4 are regularly distributed over the width of the panel 2 of the underside and preferably two of them are fixed in alignment along the long edges of the panel 2.
- Each chevron 4 consists of a piece of wood, preferably a board with a thickness of 20 to 30 mm and a variable height between 100 and 200 mm.
- the height of the rafters varies according to the desired insulation performance and the mechanical resistance (moment of inertia) required for the intended ranges.
- the chevrons 4 are fixed by their edge, for example by gluing and, if necessary by screwing by means of screws 5, on the underside panel to form a parallelepipedal box whose length corresponds to the length of the rafters 4 and the height corresponds substantially to the thickness of the panel 2 underface plus the height of the rafters 4.
- the width of the box 1 depends on the number of rafters 4 fixed on it. In practice, for a box comprising two chevrons 4 fixed respectively along the long edges of the underside panel, the width of the box is approximately 600 mm. For a box with three chevrons, as represented in figure 1 , the width is of the order of 820 mm and for a box with four chevrons, the width is of the order of 1120 mm.
- the box 1 of self-supporting thermal insulation of the invention has a length, corresponding to the length of the rafters 4, of the order of four meters for short boxes and up to eight meters for long boxes.
- the rafters 4 in the form of assembled beams, for example according to a cross-section I in which two grooved battens enclose a board forming a core of the beam, glued by its longitudinal edges in the grooves, the length of the caissons n ' is more limited to these classical values but can be extended to higher values.
- the thermal bridge that constitutes the chevron between the lower face and the upper face of the box 1 seasoned can be reduced if the section of wood in direct connection between these faces, corresponding to the thickness of the core of the beam, is reduced compared to the section corresponding to the thickness of a monobloc chevron of the same mechanical characteristics.
- An insulating block 20 is placed between each pair of rafters 4, pressed against the face of the panel 2 of the opposite side to the facing face 3, and extends over the entire length of the box.
- the partial section of the figure 1 shows that the insulating block 20 of the box 1 according to the invention consists of a plurality of modules 10 stacked on each other, resting on the panel 2 of the underside and delimiting blades 7 of air or gas.
- the box 1 seasoned of the invention comprises a larger number, 5 to 15 modules and sometimes more depending on the thermal resistance characteristics to obtain.
- Each module consists of a thick rectangular frame 11, a thickness of 5 to 15 mm and preferably 10 mm, closed on four sides perpendicular to the plane of the frame.
- a sheet 12 of reflective insulation is stretched over at least one of the main faces of the frame, that is to say the faces in the plane of the frame, above or below it.
- the frame 11 has a width substantially equal to the width of the gap between the chevrons 4. For example, the width of a module varies from 365 mm to 535 mm depending on the space between the rafters.
- the length of the chassis is adapted to constitute a sub-multiple of the length of the box 1, taking into account the end plugs of the insulating block 20.
- FIG. figure 1 and 4 several stackings of modules 10 are juxtaposed in the direction of the length of the box 1.
- the length of a module 10 varies between 500 mm and 1200 mm.
- each module 10 encloses a blade 7 of air in a closed enclosure on four sides by the frame, on one main face by the sheet 12 of reflective insulation stretched on the frame and on the other main face by the sheet 12 stretched on the chassis of the module located below in the stack of modules.
- the module 10 may also have its two main faces closed by two sheets of reflective insulation, which makes it possible to obtain a completely sealed enclosure and to replace the air with a gas such as nitrogen dioxide or carbon whose thermal performance is even higher.
- each module is a static gas blade, in which the movements of the gas are limited because of its limited thickness and its confinement.
- convective thermal energy transmission is virtually eliminated.
- the metallized walls of the main faces being weakly emissive and highly reflective, the energy transmission by radiation is very limited.
- the modules have a remarkable performance against radiation energy transmission.
- the frames 11 are made by cutting into a sheet of polyethylene foam (or any other foam having comparable thermal insulation characteristics).
- the frames are cut directly into their final shape, which makes it possible to obtain frames whose shape is precise and stable thanks to the intrinsic rigidity of the material.
- this cut generates many drops and a second alternative, in which the cut is made according to a pattern such as that shown in FIG. figure 5 , is preferable.
- This cutting makes it possible to obtain a rectangular frame with a central cross-member simply by deploying the long sides 11b around a cross-piece 11a and the small sides 11c between the long sides.
- a module 10 made on a chassis according to the figure 5 can no longer deform to return to its folded original form since the large sides 11b should then fold on the same side of the cross 11a.
- foam plate can be cut by any means known to those skilled in the art, such as punch, water jet, laser etc.
- attachment of the sheet 12 may be effected by gluing, hot or chemical, ultrasonic welding, sewing, etc.
- the frame 11 is obtained from an assembly of section sections 14, for example extruded plastic.
- the section 14, of substantially rectangular section comprises on a first face parallel to the plane of the frame, a groove 14a and on the opposite side a tab 14b.
- the tab 14b of a frame fits into the groove 14a of the adjacent frame causing the sheet 12, which has the effect on the one hand to make the frame integral with each other and on the other hand to stretch the sheet 12 in both directions (length and width of the frame).
- Stacks of modules 10 rigidly assembled to each other are thus obtained.
- the tab 14b of the chassis of the module immediately in contact with the panel 2 of the underside may be leveled so as to allow this module to bear directly on the panel, as shown in FIG. figure 3 .
- the stack of modules 10 can be inserted between the rafters with the grooved face of the frame opposite the panel of under face.
- this flap 12 allows to provide a gripping area of the sheet 12 when attached to the frame.
- this flap 12 ' has a width substantially equal to the thickness of the frame 11 and can be folded and glued to the outer wall of the frame. This arrangement thus makes it possible to modify the flexibility of the reflective insulating sheet in order to adjust the width of the modules 10 to the width of the gap between the rafters 4.
- the flap 12 ' is left free around the module.
- the flap 12 ' has a dual role: on the one hand, because of its elasticity, it tends to return to a position aligned with the sheet 12, which tends to press against the chevron 4 and makes it possible to segment a possible parasitic air space between the chevron and the stack of modules, thus avoiding the thermal bridge presented by the insulating blocks of the prior art; on the other hand, because of the intrinsic rigidity of the sheet 12, the flap 12 'which allows without difficulty to insert the modules between the rafters in one direction, is arched against them when we try to extract them.
- the seasoned box 1 may further comprise, for each insulating block 20, an additional gas blade, called the continuous blade 8, which, unlike the blades 7 enclosed in the modules 10, extends continuously over the entire length of the insulation block.
- the continuous blade 8 can be made, as shown on the section of the figure 2 , by extending a sheet 13 of reflective insulation, of the same kind as the sheet 12, above the modules 10 inserted between the rafters, then fixing the sheet 13 on the inner face of the chevrons facing by means of a cleat 19 At least one of the lateral flaps of the sheet 13, left free beyond one of the cleats 19, is then folded towards the other cleat and fixed on the latter after having stretched the flap of the sheet 13 Preferably, the two lateral faces of the sheet 13 are folded over one another and fixed on the cleats 19, thus forming the continuous blade 8.
- the continuous blade 8 is thus delimited by the sheet 13 draped around the cleats 19 , themselves attached to the rafters 4.
- the thickness of the continuous blade 8 is determined by the width of the cleats 19.
- the cleat 19 can also serve to immobilize the modules 10 in the space between the rafters by plating them, through the lower panel of the sheet 13, on the panel 2 of the underside.
- the continuous blade 8 can also be produced, according to the example shown in FIG. figure 3 , by extending the sheet 13 of reflective insulation above the box 1, on the top of the rafters 4, and fixing the sheet 13 by means of a profile 9 of inverted U section or omega.
- the profile 9 thus has a core 9a parallel to the upper edge of the chevron 4 and two wings 9b extending on either side of the chevron in the direction of the panel 2 of the underside.
- the width of the core 9a is substantially equal to the thickness of the chevron 4 and the length of the wings 9b is adapted so that the sheet 13, sandwiched between the profile 9 and the chevron 4, is stretched below the level of the chevron , thus providing a space between the sheet 13 and the top of the box 1 for a possible ventilation of the under roof.
- the wings 9b of the profile 9 can be provided on their edge opposite it fixed to the core 9a, wing returns 9c, flat or rounded, for distributing the tension force of the sheet 13 on a surface rather than a stop.
- the continuous blade 8 is delimited by the sheet 13, a part of the side walls of the rafters and the sheet 12 covering the module 10 farthest from the underside panel.
- an air or gas gap closed on its contour orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the caisson 1 (corresponding to the axis of the chevrons 4) and open at its ends which open at the respective ends of the insulating block 20.
- the insulating block 20 comprises at each of its ends, an end cap 15, visible on the section of the figure 4 formed of a parallelepipedic block of insulating material, such as a synthetic foam or a block of fibrous insulation, in particular wood wool, which extends between the adjacent rafters on which it is fixed (for example by gluing or stapling) and up to the sheet 13 delimiting the top of the continuous blade 8.
- the cap 15 thus constitutes a longitudinal stop for the stack of modules 10.
- each plug 15 comprises, facing the open end of the continuous blade 8, a tubular recess 16 of axis transverse to the caisson 1, that is to say orthogonal to the plane of the chevrons 4, and having an opening 17
- the tubular recesses 16 of the plugs of the same end of the same box are placed in communication with each other and with the outside of the box through orifices 18 which are coaxial with the recesses 16 formed in the plugs 16. rafters. It is thus possible to inject a flow of controlled gas at one end of the box 1, to circulate it in the continuous blades 8 of each insulating block, and to evacuate the gas blown through the orifices 18 of the other end of the box 1.
- flow of gas controlled an airflow or of gas whose nature, the physical parameters (temperature, humidity), the flow and the direction of circulation are mastered. It is thus possible, for example, to periodically circulate a flow of dry air in order to eliminate any traces of moisture.
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Description
L'invention concerne un caisson d'isolation thermique autoporteur pouvant être utilisé en paroi et/ou en toiture, et notamment un caisson autoporteur connu sous le terme « caisson chevronné » utilisé en couverture en pose directe sur pannes.
On connaît depuis longtemps des caissons isolants, dits caissons chevronnés, visant à remplacer les éléments discrets de charpente traditionnelle dans lesquelles des chevrons sont cloués dans le sens de la pente du toit sur des pannes parallèles orthogonales à cette pente et une couche d'isolant thermique est déroulée et fixée entre les chevrons par un ensemble pré assemblé posé directement sur les pannes.Insulated caissons, known as caissons, have long been known to replace discrete elements of traditional framing in which rafters are nailed in the direction of the slope of the roof on parallel purlins orthogonal to this slope and a layer of thermal insulation is unwound and fixed between the rafters by a pre-assembled set placed directly on the purlins.
De tels caissons isolants sont généralement constitués d'un panneau rectangulaire plan, en bois aggloméré ou contreplaqué, dit panneau de sous face, présentant une face inférieure, dite face de parement, susceptible de présenter un décor visible une fois le caisson isolant posé, et une face supérieure sur laquelle sont fixés des chevrons longitudinaux, entre lesquels un matériau isolant thermique tel que de la laine minérale, végétale ou animale, compressée ou non, ou des produits synthétiques (polystyrène expansé, mousse de polyuréthane, etc.) est installé. De tels caissons présentent un avantage indéniable relativement à la facilité d'installation et à l'étanchéité de la toiture, car ils permettent la pose en une seule opération d'un revêtement intérieur réalisé par la face de parement du panneau rectangulaire formant la base du caisson, du chevronnage permettant le support de la couverture et de l'isolation thermique de la toiture.Such insulating caissons generally consist of a flat rectangular panel, of agglomerated wood or plywood, said sub-face panel, having a lower face, said face facing, likely to have a visible decoration once the insulating box is placed, and an upper face on which are fixed longitudinal chevrons, between which a thermal insulating material such as mineral wool, vegetable or animal, compressed or not, or synthetic products (expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam, etc.) is installed. Such casings have an undeniable advantage relative to the ease of installation and the waterproofness of the roof, because they allow the laying in a single operation of an inner liner made by the facing face of the rectangular panel forming the base of the roof. caisson, chevron allowing the support of the roof and the thermal insulation of the roof.
Cependant, aujourd'hui, les exigences croissantes en matière d'isolation thermique sont telles que des épaisseurs d'isolant dépassant les 200 mm sont courantes et nécessaires. Or, dès lors qu'une forte épaisseur d'isolant est nécessaire, il faut soit utiliser des chevrons de hauteur adaptée, ce qui augmente la quantité de bois et le coût, soit réaliser sur chantier une rehausse des chevrons, opération manuelle qui fait perdre l'intérêt du caisson chevronné.Today, however, the growing requirements for thermal insulation are such that insulation thicknesses exceeding 200 mm are common and necessary. However, when a large thickness of insulation is necessary, it is necessary either to use rafters of suitable height, which increases the quantity of wood and the cost, or to realize on site a raising of the rafters, manual operation which makes lose the interest of the seasoned box.
En outre, les caissons chevronnés de la technique antérieure utilisent des matériaux isolants dont la masse spécifique est importante, ce qui rend les caissons relativement lourds et difficiles à placer sur le toit des bâtiments à équiper sans l'aide de moyens de levage appropriés.In addition, the experienced boxes of the prior art use insulating materials whose specific mass is important, which makes the boxes relatively heavy and difficult to place on the roof of buildings to be equipped without the help of appropriate lifting means.
On a donc pensé à utiliser les propriétés isolantes d'une pluralité de lames d'air pour remplacer ces isolants massifs. Par exemple, on connaît du document
Il subsiste donc un besoin pour des caissons chevronnés dans lesquels le dispositif d'isolation présente une performance améliorée dans une épaisseur réduite.There remains therefore a need for seasoned boxes in which the insulation device has improved performance in a reduced thickness.
L'invention vise donc à fournir un caisson d'isolation thermique autoporteur qui conserve les avantages des caissons chevronnés connus en matière de facilité de pose tout en offrant une performance améliorée sur le plan de l'isolation thermique.The invention therefore aims to provide a self-supporting thermal insulation casing that retains the advantages of the experienced casings known ease of laying while providing improved performance in terms of thermal insulation.
L'invention vise également à fournir un caisson d'isolation thermique autoporteur qui soit plus léger que les caissons chevronnés traditionnels et qui permette des portées supérieures.The invention also aims to provide a self-supporting thermal insulation box which is lighter than traditional seasoned boxes and allows higher spans.
L'invention vise encore fournir un tel caisson dont la performance d'isolation en été, lorsque l'élément principal est le rayonnement du soleil, est bien supérieure à celle des caissons traditionnels.The invention also aims to provide such a box whose insulation performance in summer, when the main element is the radiation of the sun, is much higher than that of traditional boxes.
Pour ce faire, l'invention concerne un caisson d'isolation thermique autoporteur, dit caisson chevronné, du type comportant :
- un panneau plan, dit panneau de sous face, définissant une longueur et une largeur du caisson,
- au moins deux éléments raidisseurs, dits chevrons, fixés sur le panneau de sous face, dans le sens de la longueur du caisson et régulièrement répartis dans le sens de la largeur, et
- au moins une structure d'isolation thermique, dite bloc isolant, enserrée entre chaque paire de chevrons, s'étendant sur la longueur du panneau de sous face et d'une épaisseur inférieure à la hauteur des chevrons, ledit bloc isolant comprenant une pluralité de lames de gaz ,
- chaque lame de gaz est délimitée par un module parallélépipédique formant une enceinte constituée d'un châssis rectangulaire fermé sur son contour, de largeur correspondant sensiblement à l'écartement entre chevrons et d'épaisseur inférieure à 30 millimètres, au moins une face principale dudit châssis étant tendue d'au moins une feuille d'isolant réfléchissant,
- chaque bloc isolant est constitué d'au moins un empilage de modules, parallèlement au panneau de sous face, comportant un nombre de modules déterminé en fonction d'une valeur de résistance thermique prédéterminée.
- a flat panel, referred to as the underside panel, defining a length and a width of the box,
- at least two stiffening elements, known as chevrons, fixed on the underside panel, in the direction of the length of the box and regularly distributed in the width direction, and
- at least one thermal insulation structure, called an insulating block, sandwiched between each pair of rafters, extending along the length of the underside panel and of a thickness less than the height of the rafters, said insulating block comprising a plurality of gas blades,
- each gas strip is delimited by a parallelepipedal module forming an enclosure consisting of a rectangular frame closed on its contour, of width corresponding substantially to the spacing between rafters and of thickness less than 30 millimeters, at least one main face of said frame being tensioned with at least one reflective insulating sheet,
- each insulating block consists of at least one stack of modules, parallel to the underside panel, comprising a number of modules determined according to a predetermined thermal resistance value.
Dans tout le texte, on désigne par « feuille d'isolant réfléchissant », toute feuille composite formée par une ou plusieurs couches en matériau(x) isolant(s) thermique(s), (par exemple une couche de mousse synthétique de 1 à 2 mm d'épaisseur), recouverte sur au moins l'une de ses faces par un film métallique ou métallisé de faible émissivité (inférieure à 0,1 de préférence) et de forte réflectance (supérieure à 0,9 par exemple). Préférentiellement, la feuille d'isolant réfléchissant comporte sur ses deux faces un film synthétique métallisé. Une feuille d'isolant réfléchissant de faible épaisseur (1 à 2 mm) peut être qualifiée d'isolant mince réfléchissant.Throughout the text, the term "reflective insulating sheet" means any composite sheet formed by one or more layers of thermal insulation material (s), (for example a layer of synthetic foam of 1 to 2 mm thick), covered on at least one of its faces by a metallic or metallized film of low emissivity (preferably less than 0.1) and high reflectance (greater than 0.9 for example). Preferably, the reflective insulating sheet has on both sides a metallized synthetic film. A thin sheet of reflective insulation (1 to 2 mm) can be described as thin reflective insulation.
Ainsi, dans le caisson chevronné de l'invention, le bloc isolant (ou les blocs isolants, si le caisson comporte plus de deux chevrons) est formé d'empilages de modules, par exemple de 5, 10 ou 15 modules, pour obtenir des résistances thermiques de 2,1 m2.K/W pour un empilage de 5 modules formant une épaisseur globale de l'ordre de 55 mm, 4,2 m2.K/W pour 10 modules et 6,3 m2.K/W pour 15 modules, les empilages étant disposés parallèlement au panneau de sous face et juxtaposés dans le sens de la longueur jusqu'à couvrir la longueur du caisson.Thus, in the seasoned box of the invention, the insulating block (or the insulating blocks, if the box has more than two chevrons) is formed of stackings of modules, for example 5, 10 or 15 modules, to obtain thermal resistors of 2.1 m 2 .K / W for a stack of 5 modules forming an overall thickness of the order of 55 mm, 4.2 m 2 .K / W for 10 modules and 6.3 m 2 .K / W for 15 modules, the stackings being arranged parallel to the underside panel and juxtaposed lengthwise to cover the length of the box.
L'épaisseur des modules est choisie inférieure à 30 millimètres pour limiter l'épaisseur et optimiser les performances thermiques de la lame de gaz qu'ils délimitent. En effet, il est connu qu'une lame de gaz d'épaisseur inférieure à 30 mm minimise les mouvements du gaz enfermé à l'intérieur, liés au phénomène de convection naturelle, lorsqu'un gradient de température est appliqué de part et d'autre de la lame de gaz.The thickness of the modules is chosen to be less than 30 millimeters to limit the thickness and optimize the thermal performance of the gas strip they delimit. Indeed, it is known that a gas layer with a thickness of less than 30 mm minimizes the movements of the gas enclosed inside, related to the natural convection phenomenon, when a temperature gradient is applied on both sides. other of the gas slide.
L'utilisation de modules indépendants les uns des autres, mais adaptés à former une pluralité de lames d'air (ou de gaz si les modules sont fermés sur leurs deux faces principales par une feuille d'isolant réfléchissant étanche et remplis de gaz à faible conduction thermique tel que le dioxyde d'azote ou de carbone) permet d'industrialiser aisément la fabrication et d'adapter la résistance thermique du caisson chevronné à la demande.The use of modules independent of each other, but adapted to form a plurality of blades of air (or gas if the modules are closed on their two main faces by a sheet of insulating reflective waterproof and filled with low gas thermal conduction such as nitrogen dioxide or carbon dioxide) makes it easy to industrialize manufacturing and to adapt the thermal resistance of the seasoned box to the demand.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, l'épaisseur du module est comprise entre 5 mm et 20 mm, et préférentiellement de l'ordre de 10 mm. L'utilisation de modules de faible épaisseur permet d'obtenir une épaisseur de la lame d'air suffisamment faible pour que les phénomènes de convection (liés au mouvement du gaz dans la lame d'air) ne puissent pas se produire.Advantageously and according to the invention, the thickness of the module is between 5 mm and 20 mm, and preferably of the order of 10 mm. The use of small thickness modules makes it possible to obtain a thickness of the air gap sufficiently small so that convection phenomena (related to the movement of the gas in the air gap) can not occur.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la feuille d'isolant réfléchissant s'étend au delà du châssis en formant une bavette de largeur sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur du châssis. Le débordement volontaire de la feuille d'isolant réfléchissant permet d'ajouter une possibilité d'ajustement à la largeur des empilages de modules pour s'adapter aux tolérances de rectitude et d'équerrage des chevrons. La bavette ainsi formée s'étend au moins dans le sens de la largeur du châssis et préférentiellement tout autour de celui-ci.Advantageously and according to the invention, the reflective insulating sheet extends beyond the frame forming a flap of width substantially equal to the thickness of the frame. The voluntary overflow of the reflective insulating sheet makes it possible to add a possibility of adjustment to the width of the stack of modules to adapt to the tolerances of straightness and squareness of the rafters. The flap thus formed extends at least in the direction of the width of the frame and preferably all around it.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la bavette est rabattue et collée sur la paroi externe du châssis. Dans le cas d'un isolant réfléchissant comportant une couche interne de 2 mm de mousse, ceci permet un ajustement de largeur de l'empilage sur 4 mm environ, et ajoute une face réfléchissante sur le pourtour de la lame d'air, en contact avec les chevrons et les modules adjacents.Advantageously and according to the invention, the flap is folded and glued to the outer wall of the frame. In the case of a reflective insulation having an inner layer of 2 mm of foam, this allows an adjustment of width of the stack about 4 mm, and adds a reflective face around the edge of the air space, in contact with the rafters and adjacent modules.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la bavette est déployée vers le haut du caisson lorsque le module est inséré entre les chevrons de manière à segmenter une lame d'air parasite entre l'empilage des modules et la paroi du chevron et à provoquer un coincement des modules dans le caisson. Ainsi, compte tenu de l'élasticité de l'isolant réfléchissant, la bavette tend à revenir à l'horizontale et s'appuie fermement sur le chevron voisin, segmentant ainsi une éventuelle lame d'air parasite entre l'empilage de modules et le chevron et supprimant un possible pont thermique autour des empilages de modules. En outre, sa raideur intrinsèque en fait un coin qui empêche le module de revenir en arrière lorsqu'il a été inséré entre les chevrons.Advantageously and according to the invention, the flap is deployed towards the top of the box when the module is inserted between the rafters so as to segment a parasitic air blade between the stack of modules and the wall of the rafter and to cause jamming. modules in the box. Thus, considering the elasticity of the reflective insulation, the flap tends to return to the horizontal and firmly rests on the adjacent chevron, thus segmenting a possible parasitic air blade between the stack of modules and the chevron and removing a possible thermal bridge around the stack of modules. In addition, its intrinsic stiffness makes it a wedge that prevents the module from going back when inserted between the rafters.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le châssis de chaque module est découpé dans une plaque de mousse isolante. On utilise par exemple une découpe à l'emporte pièce ou au jet d'eau (ou toute autre technique de découpe appropriée) pour découper les châssis dans une plaque de mousse de polyéthylène de 5 à 10 mm d'épaisseur.Advantageously and according to the invention, the frame of each module is cut in an insulating foam plate. For example, a die cut or water jet (or any other suitable cutting technique) is used to cut the frames in a polyethylene foam plate 5 to 10 mm thick.
- Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le châssis est découpé d'une seule pièce dans sa forme définitive. Cette solution permet d'obtenir une bonne rigidité intrinsèque des châssis.- Advantageously and according to the invention, the frame is cut in one piece in its final form. This solution provides a good intrinsic rigidity of the chassis.
Dans une alternative avantageuse et selon l'invention, le châssis est découpé selon un patron permettant son déploiement après découpe et sa rigidification par fixation de la feuille d'isolant réfléchissant. La découpe permet ainsi de minimiser les chutes de matière et la rigidité du châssis est obtenue, une fois celui-ci déployé dans sa forme définitive, par la fixation de la feuille d'isolant réfléchissant, par une couture ou un collage qui peut être effectué avec une colle chimique ou à chaud ou encore par ultrasons.In an advantageous alternative and according to the invention, the frame is cut according to a pattern allowing its deployment after cutting and its stiffening by fixing the reflective insulating sheet. The cut thus makes it possible to minimize the material falls and the rigidity of the frame is obtained, once it is deployed in its final form, by the fixing of the reflective insulating sheet, by a seam or gluing which can be performed with a chemical glue or hot or ultrasound.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le châssis comporte une traverse centrale qui en améliore la rigidité transversale.Advantageously and according to the invention, the chassis comprises a central cross member which improves transverse rigidity.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le châssis est réalisé à partir d'un profilé en matière synthétique, comportant sur les faces opposées parallèles au plan du châssis une rainure et une languette adaptées pour coopérer par emboitement avec les rainures et languettes des châssis superposés contigus afin de tendre la feuille d'isolant réfléchissant entre deux châssis et rendre solidaire l'empilage de modules. Dans cette réalisation alternative particulièrement avantageuse, l'assemblage de la feuille d'isolant réfléchissant est opéré par coincement entre la languette et la rainure de deux châssis superposés contigus, ce qui permet de tendre efficacement cette feuille sur le châssis et de limiter la flèche au centre de celui-ci.Advantageously and according to the invention, the frame is made from a profile of synthetic material, having on opposite sides parallel to the plane of the frame a groove and a tongue adapted to cooperate by interlocking with the grooves and tongues of the adjacent superposed frames in order to tension the reflective insulating sheet between two frames and to make the stack of modules integral. In this particularly advantageous alternative embodiment, the assembly of the reflective insulating sheet is made by wedging between the tongue and the groove of two contiguous superposed frames, which makes it possible to tension this sheet effectively on the frame and to limit the deflection to center of it.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, les parois des châssis sont au moins en partie métallisées, et en particulier les parois intérieures ce qui permet d'obtenir une lame d'air ou de gaz délimitée sur ses six faces par une surface peu émissive et fortement réfléchissante.Advantageously and according to the invention, the walls of the frames are at least partly metallized, and in particular the inner walls, which makes it possible to obtain an air or gas gap delimited on its six faces by a low emissivity surface and strongly reflective.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, le bloc isolant comprend en outre au moins une lame de gaz continue, dite lame continue, sur toute la longueur du caisson. Ainsi, chaque bloc isolant comporte, sur toute sa longueur, une lame d'air ou de gaz dans laquelle il est possible d'établir un flux de gaz contrôlé.Advantageously and according to the invention, the insulating block further comprises at least one continuous gas blade, said continuous blade, over the entire length of the box. Thus, each insulating block comprises, over its entire length, a blade of air or gas in which it is possible to establish a controlled gas flow.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, la lame continue est formée par une feuille d'isolant réfléchissant tendue entre les chevrons au dessus des empilages de modules. La lame de gaz peut ainsi être formée en drapant une feuille d'isolant réfléchissant entre des tasseaux fixés aux chevrons et formant butée pour les empilages de modules.Advantageously and according to the invention, the continuous blade is formed by a sheet of reflective insulation stretched between the rafters above the stack of modules. The gas strip can thus be formed by draping a sheet of reflective insulation between battens fixed to the rafters and forming a stop for the stack of modules.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, ladite feuille d'isolant réfléchissant est fixée sur les chevrons par un profilé en oméga comportant une âme parallèle à la face supérieure du chevron et des ailes parallèles aux faces verticales du chevron et plaquées contre celles-ci. La mise en place d'une lame continue est ainsi particulièrement aisée puisqu'il suffit, après insertion et fixation des empilages de modules, de dérouler une feuille d'isolant réfléchissant au dessus du caisson chevronné et de la fixer sur chaque chevron par un profilé dont les ailes vont tendre la feuille et ménager au dessus d'elle une seconde lame d'air continue permettant la ventilation naturelle de la sous toiture.Advantageously and according to the invention, said reflective insulating sheet is fixed on the rafters by an omega profile having a core parallel to the upper face of the chevron and wings parallel to the vertical faces of the chevron and pressed against them. The installation of a continuous blade is thus particularly easy since it is sufficient, after insertion and fixing of the stack of modules, to unroll a sheet of reflective insulation above the box seasoned and fixed on each rafter by a section whose wings will stretch the leaf and provide above it a second continuous air gap allowing natural ventilation of the under roof.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, les extrémités longitudinales de chaque bloc isolant sont fermées par un bouchon d'extrémité comportant, selon un axe transversal du caisson, un évidement tubulaire présentant une ouverture adaptée pour venir en regard de la lame continue. Ces bouchons complètent l'étanchéité des blocs isolants du caisson chevronné et permettent, en coopération avec des ouvertures correspondantes ménagées dans les chevrons en regard de l'évidement tubulaire, d'insuffler dans la lame de gaz continue un flux de gaz contrôlé, tant dans sa nature que dans sa direction, son débit, etc.Advantageously and according to the invention, the longitudinal ends of each insulating block are closed by an end plug comprising, along a transverse axis of the box, a tubular recess having an opening adapted to come opposite the continuous blade. These plugs complete the sealing of the insulating blocks of the seasoned box and allow, in cooperation with corresponding openings in the rafters facing the tubular recess, to blow into the continuous gas blade a controlled flow of gas, both in its nature only in its direction, its flow, etc.
Avantageusement et selon l'invention, les chevrons sont réalisés sous la forme d'une poutrelle assemblée comportant une planche formant âme de la poutrelle et deux liteaux rainurés collés sur les chants longitudinaux de ladite planche. Cette disposition permet de réduire les ponts thermiques liés au chevron, la planche formant l'âme de la poutrelle pouvant être d'épaisseur réduite par rapport à un chevron monobloc de même résistance.Advantageously and according to the invention, the rafters are made in the form of an assembled beam comprising a board forming the core of the beam and two grooved battens glued to the longitudinal edges of said board. This arrangement reduces the thermal bridges related to the chevron, the board forming the core of the beam may be reduced thickness compared to a monobloc chevron of the same strength.
L'invention concerne également un caisson d'isolation thermique autoporteur caractérisé en combinaison par tout ou partie des caractéristiques mentionnées ci-dessus ou ci-après.The invention also relates to a self-supporting thermal insulation casing characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below.
D'autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au vu de la description qui va suivre et des dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une vue en perspective et en coupe partielle d'un caisson chevronné selon l'invention, - la
figure 2 est une coupe transversale partielle d'un caisson chevronné selon un premier mode d'exécution de l'invention, - la
figure 3 est une coupe transversale partielle d'un caisson chevronné selon un deuxième mode d'exécution de l'invention, - la
figure 4 est une coupe longitudinale d'un caisson chevronné selon l'invention, - les
figures 5 et 6 représentent le châssis d'un module selon le deuxième mode de réalisation du caisson chevronné selon l'invention, respectivement en position de découpe et en position déployée.
- the
figure 1 is a perspective view in partial section of a seasoned box according to the invention, - the
figure 2 is a partial cross-section of a seasoned box according to a first embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 3 is a partial cross-section of a chevron box according to a second embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 4 is a longitudinal section of a seasoned box according to the invention, - the
Figures 5 and 6 represent the frame of a module according to the second embodiment of the seasoned box according to the invention, respectively in the cutting position and in the deployed position.
Le caisson d'isolation thermique autoporteur à lames d'air, ou caisson 1 chevronné, de l'invention est prévu pour être fixé directement sur des pannes parallèles au faîte de la toiture, perpendiculairement à ces pannes, dans le sens de la pente du toit. Il comporte un panneau 2 de sous face, usuellement en bois ou en plaque de plâtre d'une épaisseur de l'ordre de 10 à 20 mm, présentant une face 3 de parement susceptible de porter un décor tel qu'une peinture, un revêtement stratifié, une imitation de lambris, etc. visible depuis le dessous de la toiture, entre les pannes.The self-supporting thermal insulation casing with air knives, or box 1 seasoned, of the invention is intended to be attached directly to faults parallel to the ridge of the roof, perpendicular to these failures, in the direction of the slope of the roof. It comprises a
Des éléments raidisseurs, dits chevrons 4, sont fixés sur le panneau 2 de sous face parallèlement entre eux et au grand côté du panneau 2 de sous face. Les chevrons 4 sont régulièrement répartis sur la largeur du panneau 2 de sous face et de préférence, deux d'entre eux sont fixés en alignement le long des bords longs du panneau 2. Chaque chevron 4 est constitué d'une pièce de bois, préférentiellement d'une planche d'une épaisseur de 20 à 30 mm et d'une hauteur variable entre 100 et 200 mm. La hauteur des chevrons varie en fonction de la performance d'isolation recherchée et de la résistance mécanique (moment d'inertie) nécessaire pour les portées envisagées. Les chevrons 4 sont fixés par leur tranche, par exemple par collage puis, le cas échéant par vissage au moyen de vis 5, sur le panneau de sous face afin de constituer un caisson parallélépipédique dont la longueur correspond à la longueur des chevrons 4 et la hauteur correspond sensiblement à l'épaisseur du panneau 2 de sous face plus la hauteur des chevrons 4. La largeur du caisson 1 dépend du nombre de chevrons 4 fixés sur celui-ci. En pratique, pour un caisson comportant deux chevrons 4 fixés respectivement le long des bords longs du panneau de sous face, la largeur du caisson est approximativement de 600 mm. Pour un caisson comportant trois chevrons, comme représenté en
Un bloc isolant 20 est placé entre chaque paire de chevrons 4, plaqué contre la face du panneau 2 de sous face opposée à la face 3 de parement, et s'étend sur toute la longueur du caisson. La coupe partielle de la
Chaque module est constitué d'un châssis 11 rectangulaire épais, d'une épaisseur de 5 à 15 mm et préférablement de 10 mm, fermé sur les quatre cotés perpendiculaires au plan du châssis. Une feuille 12 d'isolant réfléchissant est tendue sur au moins une des faces principales du châssis, c'est-à-dire les faces situées dans le plan du châssis, au dessus ou au dessous de celui-ci. Le châssis 11 a une largeur sensiblement égale à la largeur de l'intervalle entre les chevrons 4. A titre d'exemple, la largeur d'un module varie de 365 mm à 535 mm en fonction de l'espace entre les chevrons.Each module consists of a thick
La longueur des châssis est adaptée pour constituer un sous multiple de la longueur du caisson 1, compte tenu des bouchons 15 d'extrémité du bloc isolant 20. De ce fait, comme représenté en
Ainsi, chaque module 10 enferme une lame 7 d'air dans une enceinte fermée sur quatre cotés par le châssis, sur une face principale par la feuille 12 d'isolant réfléchissant tendue sur le châssis et sur l'autre face principale par la feuille 12 tendue sur le châssis du module situé en dessous dans l'empilement des modules. Bien entendu, le module 10 peut également avoir ses deux faces principales fermées par deux feuilles d'isolant réfléchissant, ce qui permet d'obtenir une enceinte complètement étanche et de remplacer l'air par un gaz tel que le dioxyde d'azote ou de carbone dont les performances thermiques sont encore supérieures.Thus, each
La lame 7 de gaz ainsi enfermée dans chaque module est une lame de gaz statique, dans laquelle les mouvements du gaz sont limités du fait de son épaisseur limitée et de son confinement. Ainsi, la transmission d'énergie thermique par convection est pratiquement éliminée. De plus, les parois métallisées des faces principales étant faiblement émissives et fortement réfléchissantes, la transmission d'énergie par rayonnement est très limitée. De même, lorsque les parois latérales des châssis sont également métallisées, les modules présentent une performance remarquable à l'encontre de la transmission d'énergie par rayonnement.The
Dans un premier mode de réalisation, représenté aux
Bien entendu d'autres découpes selon des patrons plus simples, comme un patron en forme de parallélogramme déformable, sans traverse, peuvent être employés si la rigidité de la feuille 12 d'isolant réfléchissant présente une rigidité suffisante dans son plan.Of course, other cuts according to simpler patterns, such as a boss in the form of a deformable parallelogram, without a cross member, can be used if the rigidity of the
A noter que la plaque de mousse peut être découpée par tout moyen connu de l'homme du métier, comme à l'emporte pièce, au jet d'eau, au laser etc. De même, la fixation de la feuille 12 peut être effectuée par un collage, à chaud ou chimique, une soudure aux ultrasons, une couture, etc.Note that the foam plate can be cut by any means known to those skilled in the art, such as punch, water jet, laser etc. Similarly, the attachment of the
Dans un second mode de réalisation représenté à la
Quel que soit le mode de réalisation du châssis 11 (en mousse découpée ou en profilé) et le mode de fixation de la feuille 12 d'isolant réfléchissant sur ces châssis, il est prévu de laisser la feuille 12 déborder à l'extérieur du châssis 11 pour former une bavette 12' périphérique. Cette bavette 12' permet d'offrir une zone de préhension de la feuille 12 lors de sa fixation sur le châssis. En outre, cette bavette 12' présente une largeur sensiblement égale à l'épaisseur du châssis 11 et peut être rabattue et collée sur la paroi externe du châssis. Cette disposition permet ainsi de jouer sur la souplesse de la feuille d'isolant réfléchissant pour ajuster la largeur des modules 10 à la largeur de l'intervalle entre les chevrons 4. Par exemple, avec une feuille d'isolant réfléchissant de 2 mm d'épaisseur en mousse facilement compressible, il est possible de rattraper jusqu'à 3 mm d'erreur sur la largeur entre chevrons, erreur due aux tolérances de rectitude, d'épaisseur et d'équerrage des chevrons. De plus, la bavette 12' une fois rabattue sur la paroi latérale du châssis permet d'insérer une surface réfléchissante sur le pourtour du module 10 et donc de la lame d'air 7.Whatever the embodiment of the frame 11 (cut foam or profiled) and the method of fixing the
Alternativement, la bavette 12' est laissée libre tout autour du module. Dans ce cas, lorsqu'on insère le module 10 entre les chevrons, la bavette 12' se déploie dans le sens inverse du déplacement, c'est-à-dire à l'opposé du panneau de sous face, vers le haut du chevron 4. Dans cette position, la bavette 12' joue un double rôle : d'une part, du fait de son élasticité, elle a tendance à revenir dans une position alignée avec la feuille 12, ce qui tend à la plaquer contre le chevron 4 et permet de segmenter une éventuelle lame d'air parasite entre le chevron et l'empilage de modules, évitant ainsi le pont thermique que présentent les blocs isolants de la technique antérieure ; d'autre part, du fait de la rigidité intrinsèque de la feuille 12, la bavette 12' qui permet sans difficulté d'insérer les modules entre les chevrons dans un sens, s'arcboute contre ceux-ci lorsque on tente de les extraire. L'espace entre modules et chevron étant bien inférieur à la largeur de la bavette 12', celle-ci ne peut pas s'inverser et fait office de coin permettant de maintenir au moins temporairement les modules 10 en position entre les chevrons, jusqu'à ce qu'un moyen de fixation définitif (clip, tasseau, joint de colle, etc.) soit appliqué.Alternatively, the flap 12 'is left free around the module. In this case, when the
Le caisson 1 chevronné peut en outre comporter, pour chaque bloc isolant 20, une lame de gaz supplémentaire, dite lame continue 8, qui, à l'inverse des lames 7 enfermées dans les modules 10, s'étend continument sur toute la longueur du bloc isolant.The seasoned box 1 may further comprise, for each insulating
La lame continue 8 peut être réalisée, comme représenté sur la coupe de la
Avantageusement, le tasseau 19 peut également servir à immobiliser les modules 10 dans l'espace entre les chevrons en les plaquant, au travers du pan inférieur de la feuille 13, sur le panneau 2 de sous face.Advantageously, the
La lame continue 8 peut également être réalisée, selon l'exemple représenté à la
On a ainsi constitué une lame d'air ou de gaz fermée sur son contour orthogonal à l'axe longitudinal du caisson 1 (correspondant à l'axe des chevrons 4) et ouverte à ses extrémités qui débouchent aux extrémités respectives du bloc isolant 20. Le bloc isolant 20 comporte à chacune de ses extrémités, un bouchon 15 d'extrémité, visible sur la coupe de la
Avantageusement, chaque bouchon 15 comporte, en regard de l'extrémité ouverte de la lame continue 8, un évidement 16 tubulaire d'axe transversal au caisson 1, c'est-à-dire orthogonal au plan des chevrons 4, et présentant une ouverture 17 débouchant dans la lame continue 8. Les évidements 16 tubulaires des bouchons d'une même extrémité d'un même caisson sont mis en communication entre eux et avec l'extérieur du caisson au travers d'orifices 18 coaxiaux aux évidements 16 ménagés dans les chevrons. On peut ainsi insuffler un flux de gaz contrôlé à une extrémité du caisson 1, le faire circuler dans les lames continues 8 de chaque bloc isolant, et évacuer le gaz insufflé par les orifices 18 de l'autre extrémité du caisson 1. On entend par flux de gaz contrôlé un flux d'air ou de gaz dont on maitrise la nature, les paramètres physiques (température, humidité), le débit et le sens de circulation. Il est ainsi possible par exemple de faire circuler périodiquement un flux d'air sec afin d'éliminer d'éventuelles traces d'humidité.Advantageously, each plug 15 comprises, facing the open end of the
Bien entendu, cette description est donnée à titre d'exemple illustratif uniquement et l'homme du métier pourra y apporter de nombreuses modifications sans sortir de la portée de l'invention définie par les revendications, comme par exemple y ajouter un film pare-vapeur entre le panneau 2 de sous face et les empilages de modules 10 ou encore ajouter un écran de sous toiture au dessus des blocs isolants 20. L'homme du métier pourra également choisir différents types d'isolants minces réfléchissants en fonction des usages envisagés, par exemple utiliser une feuille 13 plus souple comportant des films réfléchissants armés entourant un coeur isolant en ouate pour réaliser la lame continue 8 alors qu'il pourra être préféré d'utiliser une feuille 12 plus rigide constituée d'un coeur de mousse recouvert de films métallisés non armés pour les modules 10.Of course, this description is given by way of illustrative example only and the skilled person can make many modifications without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims, such as for example add a vapor barrier film between the
Claims (16)
- Self-supporting thermal insulation casing (1) comprising:- a planar panel, called an underside panel (2), which defines a length and a width of the casing,- at least two reinforcement elements, called rafters (4), which are fixed to the underside panel (2) in the direction of the length of the casing and which are regularly distributed in the direction of the width, and- at least one thermal insulation structure, called an insulating unit (20), which is clamped between each pair of rafters (4) and which extends over the length of the underside panel (2) and which has a thickness less than the height of the rafters, said insulating unit (20) comprising a plurality of gas gaps,characterised in that- each gas gap (7) is delimited by a parallelepipedal module (10) which forms a chamber which is constituted by a rectangular chassis (11) which is closed over the contour thereof, having a width which corresponds substantially to the spacing between rafters and having a thickness which is less than 30 millimetres, at least one main face of said chassis being tensioned by at least one sheet (12) of reflective insulator,- each insulating unit (20) is constituted by at least one stack of modules (10), parallel with the underside panel (2), comprising a number of modules which is determined in accordance with a predetermined thermal resistance value.
- Casing according to claim 1, characterised in that the thickness of the module (10) is between 5 and 20 mm, and is preferably 10 mm.
- Casing according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the sheet (12) of reflective insulator extends beyond the chassis (11), forming a flap (12') which has a width which is substantially equal to the thickness of the chassis.
- Casing according to claim 3, characterised in that the flap (12') is folded over and adhesively-bonded to the outer wall of the chassis (11).
- Casing according to claim 3, characterised in that the flap (12') is deployed towards the top of the rafter (4) when the module (10) is inserted between the rafters, in order to segment an interference air gap between the stack of modules (10) and the wall of the rafter (4) and to bring about wedging of the modules in the casing.
- Casing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the chassis (11) of each module (10) is cut from a sheet of insulating foam.
- Casing according to claim 6, characterised in that the chassis (11) is cut into its definitive shape.
- Casing according to claim 6, characterised in that the chassis (11) is cut in accordance with a pattern which allows it to be deployed after cutting and after it has been strengthened by the sheet (12) of reflective insulator being fixed.
- Casing according to claim 8, characterised in that the chassis comprises a central cross-member (11a).
- Casing according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the chassis (11) is produced from a profile-member (14) of synthetic material comprising, on the opposing faces parallel with the plane of the chassis, a groove (14a) and a tongue (14b) which are capable, owing to an interlocking action, of cooperating with respect to the grooves and tongues of the adjacent and superimposed chassis in order to tension the sheet (12) of reflective insulator between two chassis and to fixedly join the stack of modules (10) together.
- Casing according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that the walls of the chassis (11) are at least partially metallised.
- Casing according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the insulating unit (20) further comprises at least one continuous gas gap, called a continuous gap (8), over the entire length of the casing (1).
- Casing according to claim 12, characterised in that the continuous gap (8) is formed by a sheet (13) of reflective insulator which is tensioned between the rafters (4) above the stacks of modules (10).
- Casing according to claim 13, characterised in that said sheet (13) of reflective insulator is fixed to the rafters (4) by means of an omega-like profile-member (9) which comprises a web (9a) which is parallel with the upper face of the rafter and flaps (9b) which are parallel with the vertical faces of the rafter and which are pressed against them.
- Casing according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the longitudinal ends of each insulating unit (20) are closed by means of an end stopper (15) which comprises, in accordance with a transverse axis of the casing, a tubular recess (16) which has an opening (17) which is capable of moving opposite the continuous gap (8).
- Casing according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the rafters are produced in the form of an assembled beam which comprises a board which forms the web of the beam and two grooved battens which are adhesively bonded to the longitudinal edges of said board.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0905049A FR2951473B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2009-10-21 | THERMAL INSULATING BOX WITH AIR BLADES |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2314787A1 EP2314787A1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
EP2314787B1 true EP2314787B1 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
Family
ID=42289605
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20100188243 Active EP2314787B1 (en) | 2009-10-21 | 2010-10-20 | Self-supporting thermal insulated panel with air gaps |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2314787B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2951473B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11959272B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2024-04-16 | Herbert L. deNourie | Building construction |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2750313A (en) * | 1953-08-14 | 1956-06-12 | Leobarb Corp | Thermal insulation |
US5074090A (en) * | 1990-05-14 | 1991-12-24 | Lucas Curry Wall, Jr. | Self-supportive reflective insulation |
JP3690794B2 (en) * | 2001-11-26 | 2005-08-31 | 松本建工株式会社 | Insulated roof panel with integrated roof rafters |
-
2009
- 2009-10-21 FR FR0905049A patent/FR2951473B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-10-20 EP EP20100188243 patent/EP2314787B1/en active Active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11959272B1 (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2024-04-16 | Herbert L. deNourie | Building construction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2951473A1 (en) | 2011-04-22 |
EP2314787A1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
FR2951473B1 (en) | 2011-12-16 |
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