EP0271400B1 - Façade covering with a ventilated-air layer - Google Patents

Façade covering with a ventilated-air layer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0271400B1
EP0271400B1 EP19870402655 EP87402655A EP0271400B1 EP 0271400 B1 EP0271400 B1 EP 0271400B1 EP 19870402655 EP19870402655 EP 19870402655 EP 87402655 A EP87402655 A EP 87402655A EP 0271400 B1 EP0271400 B1 EP 0271400B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
covering according
perforations
wall
vertical
web
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP19870402655
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0271400A1 (en
Inventor
Francis Ovaert
Dominique Royer
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SMAC SA
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SMAC SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0271400A1 publication Critical patent/EP0271400A1/en
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Publication of EP0271400B1 publication Critical patent/EP0271400B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements

Definitions

  • Façade coverings essentially have a protective function against water, to which is most often added an insulation function. It is in fact a question of protecting the façade wall, and possibly the thermal insulation which covers it, from the action of rain but at the same time avoiding condensation on the various constituents of the system due to the degradations that '' they can lead in particular to frost.
  • this facing consists of large plates
  • the latter are generally fixed on a single bed of vertical frameworks, the thickness of which determines that of the air space left free between the support wall and the facing over any the height of the latter.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by providing a facade coating which provides the coated wall with effective protection both against condensation and against the action of rain.
  • This invention therefore relates to a facade cladding comprising a succession of framework elements, or smooth, arranged horizontally and spaced from each other, which each comprise a vertical support wing on the wall to be coated and at least one core starting from this wing, terminated by a rim for fixing the facing, and comprising perforations, characterized in that each core is provided with means for guiding and evacuating the water of condensation or rain having passed through these perforations by moving it away from the support wing and in that the edges of the cores support the plates of a non-waterproof facing and delimit with these ventilation spaces which communicate with each other through the perforations.
  • a single frame bed directly connects the facing to the support wall, delimiting an air gap ventilated therebetween.
  • the beams allow both the free vertical circulation of air, and the recovery as well as the channeling of rainwater infiltrated by the discontinuities of the facing while the non-waterproof facing eliminates the risk of condensation.
  • the combination of the beams and the non-waterproof external facing formed therefore makes it possible to obtain a particularly effective coating which is easy to install.
  • a rigid insulating material is interposed between the vertical wings of the heddles and the support wall and is held against this wall by the healds themselves.
  • the heddle comprises a second core substantially parallel to the first and also provided with a rim for fixing the facing.
  • This rim like that of the first core can be parallel to the vertical support wing on the support or slightly inclined relative to this wing, depending on the applications.
  • the facade cladding according to the invention comprises a bed of horizontal or smooth frameworks, each comprising a vertical wing 2 which constitutes a bearing surface on a wall, for example a wall 4 to be coated or a panel of insulating material 6 applied to such a wall, to which it can be fixed by means of an expanded screw-dowel assembly 5, as shown in particular in FIG. 1.
  • a vertical wing 2 which constitutes a bearing surface on a wall, for example a wall 4 to be coated or a panel of insulating material 6 applied to such a wall, to which it can be fixed by means of an expanded screw-dowel assembly 5, as shown in particular in FIG. 1.
  • From the wing 2 leaves a core 8 which is substantially perpendicular to this wing and is terminated by a flange 10 for receiving an external facing.
  • the core 8 has perforations 12 regularly spaced over its entire length. As shown in Fig.
  • these perforations preferably have an oblong shape, their long side being parallel to the vertical wing 2, and are bordered along their side close to the vertical wing 2 by a rib 14 playing the role of a drop of water, which protrudes under the core 8 and is substantially parallel to the wing 2.
  • the perforations or recesses 12 can of course be rounded or have any other shape. Their dimensions and their number are however in all cases such that their overall surface is sufficient to allow free passage of air from one side to the other of the core 8.
  • the rim 10 extends on either side of the core 8 and is slightly inclined relative to the vertical wing 2 so as to allow the mounting of plates of facing 24, 26 arranged overlapping. These plates are held by means of a clip 16 in the shape of a stirrup provided at each of its ends with a hook respectively 18 and 20.
  • the clip 16 is first placed parallel to the vertical wing 2, the small hook 20 of one of its ends above a perforation 12, then it is tilted so that the hook 20 penetrates into the perforation, and is folded perpendicular to the wing 2, which allows the hook to be fitted 20 on the rib 14 while the central part of the clip 16 covers the upper part of the rim 10 and that of the lower facing plate 24.
  • the hook 18 is then ready to receive the upper facing plate 26.
  • the horizontal rail can however be further simplified by replacing the core 8 substantially perpendicular to the vertical wing 2 by a core 28 inclined downward from the vertical fixing wing 2, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the perforations 12 also have in this case an overall surface large enough to ensure ventilation of the air space but the rib 14 can be removed, if desired.
  • the inclination of the core 28 is chosen so as to ensure efficient channeling of rainwater and its guiding towards the outside.
  • the clip 16 is then replaced by an S-hook, 30 (Fig. 3).
  • the vertical wing 2 of the heddle can be extended below the core by a lower wing 42 (FIG. 4), which increases the bearing surface and possibly the pinching of the insulation 6.
  • the edge of fixing of the facing 44 can also be double and extend on either side of the core 28 parallel to the wing 2, 42 so as to allow the fixing with open joints, for example by means of screws, of two facing plates 38, 40 in the extension of one another.
  • This retention by screw is optionally replaced by the presence of a horizontal extension 46 of the core 28 and of an edge 48 of the end of this extension as indicated in phantom in FIG. 4.
  • the distance between the flanges 48 and 44, that is to say the length of the extension 46 is very slightly greater than the thickness of the facing plates 38 and 40 so that they are held securely between these two ledges.
  • the flange 44 can also support alone the two plates 38 and 40 placed in the extension of one another, preferably with open joints.
  • the perforations 12 of the core 50 are formed near the vertical support wing 2 of the heald, while the latter is extended below the core 50 by a deflecting wall 52.
  • the deflecting wall is slightly spaced from the core 50 and is inclined downward so as to move away from this core to be terminated by a substantially vertical rim 54 close to the median plane of the core so that the rainwater which has passed through the perforations 12 is automatically guided downwards and outwards and away from the support and the insulation.
  • the core 50 preferably has in this case a downward slope in the direction of the perforations 12, that is to say of the vertical wing 2 to ensure total recovery of the water.
  • This core 50 is terminated by an upwardly directed rim 55 allowing the fixing of an upper facing plate 38. It is also integral with a branch 56 terminated by a flange 57 directed downwards with a view to fixing a lower facing plate 40.
  • the heddle according to the invention can also be reinforced thanks to a second core 58 also perforated and substantially parallel to the first.
  • the perforations 60 of this second core are similar in shape to those of the first and, like them, occupy a relatively large area so as to allow free circulation of air and especially water.
  • These perforations 60 are of course associated with means for guiding and channeling the water passing through them. As described, these means can be constituted by a slope of the corresponding core giving the two cores 28 and 58 (FIG. 6) a direction inclined towards the outside, that is to say towards their edges 62, 64 of fixing of the facing.
  • the facing plates When the facing plates must, like the plates 24 and 26, be mounted overlapping the two cores 28 and 58 have different lengths while their end flanges 62 and 64 are inclined at an angle corresponding to that which the plate will have to receive. facing, the fixing being ensured, for example by means of screws indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 6.
  • the difference between the lengths of the two cores corresponds to the thickness of a facing plate increased by the desired clearance to allow ventilation air to enter between the two plates.
  • edges 62 and 64 of the two cores 28 and 61 may also have a vertical direction to allow the fixing of facing plates 38, 40 placed in the extension of one another.
  • the two souls 28 and 61 have the same length, as shown in Fig. 7.
  • the heald can also include two webs 65, 66 perpendicular to the support wing 2 as shown in FIG. 9.
  • each of the cores 65, 66 has at its lower part along the perforations 12, a rib 14 forming a drop of water.
  • This rib as well as that of FIG. 1, can be associated with an upper rib 68 which eliminates any risk of the water returning to the insulation.
  • the flanges 70 which terminate the wings 65, 66 can be fixed to the corresponding facing plates by means of screws, but when these plates 38, 40 have to be separated by an open joint, as shown, it is often preferable to fix them to the by means of hooks in S 72 or other staples.
  • the two webs of the heddle are located at each of the upper and lower ends of the vertical wing 2, respectively, and this wing is fixed in its middle part by means of an expanded screw-anchor assembly 5 in the support 4.
  • a rigid insulating panel 6 is interposed between the support or wall 4 and the horizontal rails so that the vertical wing 2 of these rails presses on the insulation panel and the screws 5 fasteners pass through this panel. Consequently, the panel 6 is held by the beams themselves which pinch it locally and apply it against the support or more exactly against the wall to be coated, without it being necessary to use additional fixing means while the air space remains defined by the size of the stringers and especially that of their souls.
  • the panel Insulator can therefore be a simple panel of rectangular section made of any suitable material, that is to say constitute an inexpensive element and easy to install.
  • This insulating panel 6 may however in certain cases be a special panel provided with horizontal and / or vertical grooves as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10.
  • the insulating panel 76 has horizontal grooves, these can be used as a gauge for mounting the horizontal rails, the vertical wing 2 of the rail being fitted into these grooves while its perforated core projecting outwards to support the facing plates and delimit the air space, the perforations 12 of course being located outside the grooves.
  • the horizontal rails 1 are fixed on the portions of the panel which separate the grooves 80 and these grooves ensure an increase in the volume of the air space, which facilitates the ventilation of this space.
  • the insulating panel 81 can also be provided either between the grooves or in place of these, as known per se, of point projections 83 of any shape and thickness such that they can serve as intermediate support for the plates facing and thus limit the span between the beams.
  • These projections, or bosses 83 are preferably arranged in horizontal rows. However, they are spaced from one another so as to leave free between them a ventilation section at least equal to that determined by the density of the perforations 12 of the heddles (FIG. 11).
  • bosses 83 will generally be in one piece with the insulating panel 81 (Fig. 12) but they can also be produced from an insert 85 inserted in a reservation 84 made in the insulating panel 82 (Fig. 14) or simply an attached part 87 secured, for example by gluing, to the insulating panel 86 (Fig. 13).
  • the inserts 85 or 87 constituting intermediate support wedges for the facing plates can be made of the same material as the insulating panel, or of any other material.
  • bosses can of course, if desired, serve as additional supports on which the facing plates are fixed, for example by gluing.
  • the facade cladding can therefore have a wide variety of aspects and include a non-waterproof cladding, the cladding plates of which can be connected, with open joints or even with overlap, whether it is a thermal cladding insulating or not. It thus provides effective protection against water and vertical ventilation of the air space between the support and the facing.
  • the particular shape of the heddles also facilitates the realization of the coating by allowing these healds themselves to secure both the fixing of the insulation, if there is one, the spacing of the facing as well as its support and the channeling of the water to be evacuated.
  • These healds can also be made of metal or plastic as required.

Description

Les revêtements de façade ont essentiellement une fonction de protection contre l'eau à laquelle s'ajoute le plus souvent une fonction d'isolation. Il s'agit en fait de protéger la Paroi de façade, et éventuellement l'isolant thermique qui la recouvre, de l'action de la pluie mais en même temps d'éviter les condensations sur les différents constituants du système en raison des dégradations qu'elles peuvent entraîner notamment en période de gel.Façade coverings essentially have a protective function against water, to which is most often added an insulation function. It is in fact a question of protecting the façade wall, and possibly the thermal insulation which covers it, from the action of rain but at the same time avoiding condensation on the various constituents of the system due to the degradations that '' they can lead in particular to frost.

Dans ce but tous les procédés existant prévoient systèmatiquement une lame d'air entre la Paroi, ou l'isolant, et le parement extérieur.For this purpose, all existing processes systematically provide for an air space between the wall, or the insulation, and the exterior facing.

Lorsque ce parement est constitué par des plaques de grandes dimensions, ces dernières sont en général fixées sur un seul lit d'ossatures verticales dont l'épaisseur détermine celle de la lame d'air laissée libre entre la paroi de support et le parement sur toute la hauteur de ce dernier.When this facing consists of large plates, the latter are generally fixed on a single bed of vertical frameworks, the thickness of which determines that of the air space left free between the support wall and the facing over any the height of the latter.

Lorsque les plaques de parement ont au moins une dimension qui est petite et qu'il est nécessaire de les monter sur des ossatures horizontales, on fixe généralement un second lit d'ossatures sur le lit d'ossatures verticales afin de maintenir la présence de la lame d'air et d'éviter que cette dernière ne soit obstruée par les ossatures horizontales. Cette disposition complique considérablement la structure et la pose du revêtement de façade. Il a bien été Proposé, ainsi pue décrit dans le document DE-A-1-784 477, de n'utiliser que le lit d'ossatures horizontales, en maintenant ces dernières, au moyen de pinces ou analogues fixées à intervalles réguliers à la paroi et traversant éventuellement le matériau isolant. On obtient ainsi entre la Paroi et les ossatures une lame d'air importante mais la mise en place d'un tel ensemble est délicate, demande une grande précision, et s'avère très onéreuse.When the facing plates have at least one dimension which is small and it is necessary to mount them on horizontal frames, a second frame bed is generally fixed on the bed of vertical frames in order to maintain the presence of the air gap and prevent the latter from being obstructed by horizontal frames. This arrangement considerably complicates the structure and the installation of the facade cladding. It has been proposed, as described in document DE-A-1-784 477, to use only the bed of horizontal frameworks, maintaining these, by means of clamps or the like fixed at regular intervals to the wall and possibly passing through the insulating material. There is thus obtained between the wall and the frames a large air gap but the establishment of such a together is delicate, requires great precision, and is very expensive.

Malgré cela le parement extérieur d'un tel revêtement de façade étant étanche, on constate des condensations sur les différents constituants d'autant plus importantes que la lame d'air sera peu ventilée ou discontinue. En outre l'obtention d'un parement réellement étanche à la pluie est difficile et couteux car elle nécessite un assemblage précis et sûr des plaques qui le composent.Despite this, the exterior facing of such a facade coating being leaktight, there is condensation on the various constituents all the more important as the air space is poorly ventilated or discontinuous. In addition, obtaining a really rain-proof facing is difficult and expensive because it requires a precise and safe assembly of the plates that compose it.

On a donc Proposé de munir les revêtements de façade de parements extérieurs non étanches formés de plaques assemblées à joints ouverts ou à recouvrement, ce qui évite les condensations et est nettement plus facile à réaliser. Malheureusement de tels parements permettent la pénétration de l'eau de pluie.It has therefore been proposed to provide facade coverings with non-watertight exterior facings formed from plates assembled with open joints or overlapping, which avoids condensation and is much easier to produce. Unfortunately, such facings allow the penetration of rainwater.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients en fournissant un revêtement de façade qui assure à la paroi revêtue une protection efficace à la fois contre les condensations et contre l'action de la pluie.The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by providing a facade coating which provides the coated wall with effective protection both against condensation and against the action of rain.

Cette invention a donc pour objet un revêtement de façade comportant une succession d'éléments d'ossatures, ou lisses, disposés horizontalement et espacés les uns des autres, qui comportent chacun une aile verticale d'appui sur la paroi à revêtir et au moins une âme partant de cette aile, terminée par un rebord de' fixation du parement, et comportant des perforations, caractérisé en ce que chaque âme est munie de moyens de guidage et d'évacuation de l'eau de condensation ou de pluie ayant traversé ces perforations en l'éloignant de l'aile d'appui et en ce que les rebords des âmes supportent les plaques d'un parement non étanche à l'eau et délimitent avec ces plaques des espaces de ventilation qui communiquent entre eux par les perforations.This invention therefore relates to a facade cladding comprising a succession of framework elements, or smooth, arranged horizontally and spaced from each other, which each comprise a vertical support wing on the wall to be coated and at least one core starting from this wing, terminated by a rim for fixing the facing, and comprising perforations, characterized in that each core is provided with means for guiding and evacuating the water of condensation or rain having passed through these perforations by moving it away from the support wing and in that the edges of the cores support the plates of a non-waterproof facing and delimit with these ventilation spaces which communicate with each other through the perforations.

Dans un tel revêtement de façade, un lit d'ossatures unique relie directement le parement à la paroi de support en délimitant une lame d'air ventilée entre eux. En effet, les lisses permettent à la fois la libre circulation verticale de l'air, et la récupération ainsi que la canalisation des eaux de pluie infiltrées par les discontinuités du parement tandis que le parement non étanche supprime le risque de condensation.In such a facade cladding, a single frame bed directly connects the facing to the support wall, delimiting an air gap ventilated therebetween. Indeed, the beams allow both the free vertical circulation of air, and the recovery as well as the channeling of rainwater infiltrated by the discontinuities of the facing while the non-waterproof facing eliminates the risk of condensation.

La combinaison des lisses et du parement extérieur non étanche formé permet donc d'obtenir un revêtement particulièrement efficace et facile à mettre en place.The combination of the beams and the non-waterproof external facing formed therefore makes it possible to obtain a particularly effective coating which is easy to install.

Selon un mode de réalisation préféré un matériau isolant rigide est interposé entre les ailes verticales des lisses et la paroi de support et est maintenu contre cette paroi par les lisses elles-mêmes.According to a preferred embodiment, a rigid insulating material is interposed between the vertical wings of the heddles and the support wall and is held against this wall by the healds themselves.

Selon une variante de réalisation la lisse comporte une seconde âme sensiblement parallèle à la première et également munie d'un rebord de fixation du parement.According to an alternative embodiment, the heddle comprises a second core substantially parallel to the first and also provided with a rim for fixing the facing.

Ce rebord comme celui de la première âme peut être parallèle à l'aile verticale d'appui sur le support ou légèrement incliné par rapport à cette aile, selon les applications.This rim like that of the first core can be parallel to the vertical support wing on the support or slightly inclined relative to this wing, depending on the applications.

La description ci-dessous de modes de réalisation, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés aux dessins annexés, fera d'ailleurs ressortir les avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention.The description below of embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples and represented in the appended drawings, will moreover highlight the advantages and characteristics of the invention.

Sur ces dessins :

  • la Fig. 1 est une vue en coupe verticale d'une portion d'un revêtement de façade selon l'invention ;
  • la Fig. 2 est une vue en perspective de l'extrémité de la lisse de la Fig. 1 et des moyens d'accrochage du parement ;
  • les Figs 3 à 8 sont des vues analogues à la Fig. 1 de variantes de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • les Figs 9 et 10 sont des vues partielles en perspective montrant l'utilisation de lisses selon l'invention avec un panneau isolant nervuré.
  • la Fig. 11 est une vue analogue à celles des Fig. 9 et 10, dans le cas d'un panneau isolant muni de bossages 8;
  • la Fig. 12 est une vue en coupe verticale de l'ensemble de la Fig. 11 ;
  • les Figs 13 et 14 sont des vues analogues à la Fig. 12 de variantes de réalisation.
In these drawings:
  • Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a portion of a facade covering according to the invention;
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the end of the heddle of FIG. 1 and means for attaching the facing;
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 are views similar to FIG. 1 of alternative embodiments of the invention;
  • Figs 9 and 10 are partial perspective views showing the use of beams according to the invention with a ribbed insulating panel.
  • Fig. 11 is a view similar to those of FIGS. 9 and 10, in the case of an insulating panel provided with bosses 8;
  • Fig. 12 is a view in vertical section of the assembly of FIG. 11;
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 are views similar to FIG. 12 of alternative embodiments.

Le revêtement de façade selon l'invention comporte un lit d'ossatures horizontales, ou lisses, comportant chacun une aile verticale 2 qui constitue une surface d'appui sur une paroi, par exemple un mur 4 à revêtir ou un panneau de matériau isolant 6 appliqué sur un tel mur, à laquelle elle peut être fixée au moyen d'un ensemble vis-cheville expansée 5, comme le montre notamment la Fig. 1. De l'aile 2 part une âme 8 qui est sensiblement perpendiculaire à cette aile et est terminée par un rebord 10 de reception d'un parement extérieur. L'âme 8 comporte des perforations 12 régulièrement espacées sur toute sa longueur. Comme le montre la Fig. 2 ces perforations ont de préférence une forme oblongue, leur grand côté étant parallèle à l'aile verticale 2, et sont bordées le long de leur côté proche de l'aile verticale 2 par une nervure 14 jouant le rôle de goutte d'eau, qui fait saillie sous l'âme 8 et est sensiblement parallèle à l'aile 2.The facade cladding according to the invention comprises a bed of horizontal or smooth frameworks, each comprising a vertical wing 2 which constitutes a bearing surface on a wall, for example a wall 4 to be coated or a panel of insulating material 6 applied to such a wall, to which it can be fixed by means of an expanded screw-dowel assembly 5, as shown in particular in FIG. 1. From the wing 2 leaves a core 8 which is substantially perpendicular to this wing and is terminated by a flange 10 for receiving an external facing. The core 8 has perforations 12 regularly spaced over its entire length. As shown in Fig. 2 these perforations preferably have an oblong shape, their long side being parallel to the vertical wing 2, and are bordered along their side close to the vertical wing 2 by a rib 14 playing the role of a drop of water, which protrudes under the core 8 and is substantially parallel to the wing 2.

Les perforations ou évidements 12 peuvent bien entendu être arrondis ou avoir toute autre forme. Leurs dimensions et leur nombre sont toutefois dans tous les cas tels que leur surface globale est suffisante pour permettre un libre passage de l'air d'un côté à l'autre de l'âme 8.The perforations or recesses 12 can of course be rounded or have any other shape. Their dimensions and their number are however in all cases such that their overall surface is sufficient to allow free passage of air from one side to the other of the core 8.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté sur les Figs 1 et 2, le rebord 10 se prolonge de part et d'autre de l'âme 8 et est légèrement incliné par rapport à l'aile verticale 2 de façon à permettre le montage de plaques de parement 24, 26 disposées à recouvrement. Ces plaques sont maintenues au moyen d'une agrafe 16 en forme d'étrier munie à chacune de ses extrémités d'un crochet respectivement 18 et 20. L'agrafe 16 est d'abord placée parallèlement à l'aile verticale 2, le petit crochet 20 de l'une de ses extémités au-dessus d'une perforations 12, puis elle est basculée de sorte que le crochet 20 pénêtre dans la perforation, et rabattue perpendiculairement à l'aile 2, ce qui permet d'emboiter le crochet 20 sur la nervure 14 tandis que la partie centrale de l'agrafe 16 coiffe la partie supérieure du rebord 10 et celle de la plaque de parement inférieure 24. Le crochet 18 est alors prêt à recevoir le plaque de parement supérieure 26.In the embodiment shown in Figs 1 and 2, the rim 10 extends on either side of the core 8 and is slightly inclined relative to the vertical wing 2 so as to allow the mounting of plates of facing 24, 26 arranged overlapping. These plates are held by means of a clip 16 in the shape of a stirrup provided at each of its ends with a hook respectively 18 and 20. The clip 16 is first placed parallel to the vertical wing 2, the small hook 20 of one of its ends above a perforation 12, then it is tilted so that the hook 20 penetrates into the perforation, and is folded perpendicular to the wing 2, which allows the hook to be fitted 20 on the rib 14 while the central part of the clip 16 covers the upper part of the rim 10 and that of the lower facing plate 24. The hook 18 is then ready to receive the upper facing plate 26.

Pour former un revêtement de façade, il suffit de fixer sur le mur à revêtir une succesion de lisses 1, parallèles entre elles et espacées d'une distance fonction de la dimension des plaques de parement choisies, puis de monter ces plaques. Les âmes 8 des lisses maintienent alors ces dernières à une distance bien déterminée du mur de support 4, ou de l'isolant 6, et ménagent ainsi des espaces libres successifs entre le parement et le support. Toutefois les perforations 12 ayant des surfaces d'ouverture relativement importantes, qui peuvent par exemple occuper de 5 à 150 cm² par mètre de lisse, l'air circule librement entre ces espaces qui par suite, constituent une lame d'air ventilée verticalement sur toute la hauteur de la façade. Par ailleurs, de l'eau de pluie se trouvant dans ces espaces est récupérée par l'âme 8 et canalisée et évacuée grâce aux perforations 12 et à la goutte d'eau 14 qui la dirige vers l'extérieur et interdit son retour vers le support 4. On obtient ainsi, avec un montage extrèmement simple, une protection efficace de la façade contre l'eau, complétée éventuellement par une isolation thermique.To form a facade cladding, it suffices to fix on the wall to be coated a succession of heddles 1, parallel to each other and spaced apart by a distance depending on the dimension of the facing panels chosen, then to mount these plates. The webs 8 of the heddles then maintain the latter at a well-determined distance from the support wall 4, or of the insulator 6, and thus provide successive free spaces between the facing and the support. However, the perforations 12 having relatively large opening surfaces, which can, for example, occupy from 5 to 150 cm 2 per meter of boom, the air circulates freely between these spaces which consequently constitute an air layer ventilated vertically over all the height of the facade. Furthermore, rainwater in these spaces is collected by the core 8 and channeled and evacuated through the perforations 12 and the drop of water 14 which directs it outwards and prevents its return to the support 4. In this way, with extremely simple assembly, effective protection of the facade against water is obtained, possibly supplemented by thermal insulation.

La lisse horizontale peut toutefois encore être simplifiée en remplaçant l'âme 8 sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'aile verticale 2 par une âme 28 inclinée vers le bas à partir de l'aile verticale de fixation 2, comme le montre les Figs. 3 et 4. Les perforations 12 ont également dans ce cas une surface globale suffisamment importante pour assurer une ventilation de la lame d'air mais la nervure 14 peut être supprimée, si désiré. L'inclination de l'âme 28 est choisie de façon à assurer une canalisation efficace de l'eau de pluie et son guidage vers l'extérieur. L'agrafe 16 est alors remplacée par un crochet en S, 30 (Fig. 3).The horizontal rail can however be further simplified by replacing the core 8 substantially perpendicular to the vertical wing 2 by a core 28 inclined downward from the vertical fixing wing 2, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The perforations 12 also have in this case an overall surface large enough to ensure ventilation of the air space but the rib 14 can be removed, if desired. The inclination of the core 28 is chosen so as to ensure efficient channeling of rainwater and its guiding towards the outside. The clip 16 is then replaced by an S-hook, 30 (Fig. 3).

Bien entendu, l'aile verticale 2 de la lisse peut être prolongée en dessous de l'âme par une aile inférieure 42 (Fig. 4), ce qui accroît la surface d'appui et éventuellement le pincement de l'isolant 6. Le rebord de fixation du parement 44 peut également être double et se prolonger de part et d'autre de l'âme 28 parallèlement à l'aile 2, 42 de façon à permettre la fixation à joints ouverts, par exemple au moyen de vis, de deux plaques de parement 38, 40 dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre. Ce maintien par vis est éventuellement remplacé par la présence d'un prolongement 46 horizontal de l'âme 28 et d'un rebord 48 d'extrémité de ce prolongement comme indiqué en trait mixte sur la Fig. 4. La distance entre les rebords 48 et 44, c'est-à-dire la longueur du prolongement 46 est très légèrement supérieure à l'épaisseur des plaques de parement 38 et 40 de sorte que celles-ci sont maintenues avec sécurité entre ces deux rebords.Of course, the vertical wing 2 of the heddle can be extended below the core by a lower wing 42 (FIG. 4), which increases the bearing surface and possibly the pinching of the insulation 6. The edge of fixing of the facing 44 can also be double and extend on either side of the core 28 parallel to the wing 2, 42 so as to allow the fixing with open joints, for example by means of screws, of two facing plates 38, 40 in the extension of one another. This retention by screw is optionally replaced by the presence of a horizontal extension 46 of the core 28 and of an edge 48 of the end of this extension as indicated in phantom in FIG. 4. The distance between the flanges 48 and 44, that is to say the length of the extension 46 is very slightly greater than the thickness of the facing plates 38 and 40 so that they are held securely between these two ledges.

Le rebord 44 peut également supporter seul les deux plaques 38 et 40 placées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre, de préférence à joints ouverts.The flange 44 can also support alone the two plates 38 and 40 placed in the extension of one another, preferably with open joints.

Selon une autre variante (Fig. 5), les perforations 12 de l'âme 50 sont ménagées à proximité de l'aile verticale d'appui 2 de la lisse, tandis que cette dernière est prolongée en dessous de l'âme 50 par un paroi déflectrice 52. La paroi déflectrice est légèrement espacée de l'âme 50 et est inclinée vers le bas de façon à s'éloigner de cette âme pour être terminée par un rebord sensiblement vertical 54 proche du plan médian de l'âme de sorte que l'eau de pluie qui a traversé les perforations 12 est automatiquement guidée vers le bas et vers l'extérieur et éloignée du support et de l'isolant. L'âme 50 a de préférence dans ce cas une pente descendante en direction des perforations 12, c'est-à-dire de l'aile verticale 2 pour assurer une récupération totale de l'eau. Cette âme 50 est terminée par un rebord dirigé vers le haut 55 permettant la fixation d'une plaque de parement supérieure 38. Elle est en outre solidaire d'une branche 56 terminée par un rebord 57 dirigé vers le bas en vue de la fixation d'une plaque de parement inférieure 40.According to another variant (Fig. 5), the perforations 12 of the core 50 are formed near the vertical support wing 2 of the heald, while the latter is extended below the core 50 by a deflecting wall 52. The deflecting wall is slightly spaced from the core 50 and is inclined downward so as to move away from this core to be terminated by a substantially vertical rim 54 close to the median plane of the core so that the rainwater which has passed through the perforations 12 is automatically guided downwards and outwards and away from the support and the insulation. The core 50 preferably has in this case a downward slope in the direction of the perforations 12, that is to say of the vertical wing 2 to ensure total recovery of the water. This core 50 is terminated by an upwardly directed rim 55 allowing the fixing of an upper facing plate 38. It is also integral with a branch 56 terminated by a flange 57 directed downwards with a view to fixing a lower facing plate 40.

La lisse selon l'invention peut en outre être renforcée grâce à une seconde âme 58 également perforée et sensiblement parallèle à la première. Les perforations 60 de cette seconde âme sont de forme analogue à celles de la première et occupent comme elles une surface relativement importante de façon à permettre une libre circulation de l'air et surtout de l'eau. Ces perforations 60 sont bien entendu associées à des moyens de guidage et de canalisation de l'eau qui les traversent. Comme décrit, ces moyens peuvent être constitués par une pente de l'âme correspondante donnant aux deux âmes 28 et 58 (Fig. 6) une direction inclinée vers l'extérieur , c'est-à-dire vers leurs rebords 62, 64 de fixation du parement.The heddle according to the invention can also be reinforced thanks to a second core 58 also perforated and substantially parallel to the first. The perforations 60 of this second core are similar in shape to those of the first and, like them, occupy a relatively large area so as to allow free circulation of air and especially water. These perforations 60 are of course associated with means for guiding and channeling the water passing through them. As described, these means can be constituted by a slope of the corresponding core giving the two cores 28 and 58 (FIG. 6) a direction inclined towards the outside, that is to say towards their edges 62, 64 of fixing of the facing.

Lorsque les plaques de parement doivent comme les plaques 24 et 26 être montées à recouvrement les deux âmes 28 et 58 ont des longueurs différentes tandis que leurs rebords d'extrémité 62 et 64 sont inclinés d'un angle correspondant à celui que devra recevoir la plaque de parement, la fixation étant assurée, par exemple au moyen de vis indiquées schématiquement sur la Fig. 6. De préférence la différence entre les longueurs des deux âmes correspond à l'épaisseur d'une plaque de parement augmentée du jeu désiré pour permettre une entrée d'air de ventilation entre les deux plaques.When the facing plates must, like the plates 24 and 26, be mounted overlapping the two cores 28 and 58 have different lengths while their end flanges 62 and 64 are inclined at an angle corresponding to that which the plate will have to receive. facing, the fixing being ensured, for example by means of screws indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 6. Preferably the difference between the lengths of the two cores corresponds to the thickness of a facing plate increased by the desired clearance to allow ventilation air to enter between the two plates.

Bien entendu les rebords 62 et 64 des deux âmes 28 et 61 peuvent également avoir une direction verticale pour permettre la fixation de plaques de parement 38, 40 placées dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre. Dans ce cas les deux âmes 28 et 61 ont la même longueur, comme représenté sur la Fig. 7.Of course the edges 62 and 64 of the two cores 28 and 61 may also have a vertical direction to allow the fixing of facing plates 38, 40 placed in the extension of one another. In this case the two souls 28 and 61 have the same length, as shown in Fig. 7.

La lisse peut également comporter deux âmes 65, 66 perpendiculaires à l'aile d'appui 2 comme représenté sur la Fig. 9. Dans ce dernier cas chacune des âmes 65,66 comporte à sa partie inférieure le long des perforations 12, une nervure 14 formant goutte d'eau. Cette nervure de même que celle de la Fig. 1, peut être associée à une nervure supérieure 68 qui supprime tout risque de retour de l'eau en direction de l'isolant. Les rebords 70 qui terminent les ailes 65, 66 peuvent être fixées sur les plaques de parement correspondantes au moyen de vis, mais lorsque ces plaques 38, 40 doivent être séparées par un joint ouvert, comme représenté, il est souvent préférable de les fixer au moyen de crochets en S 72 ou d'autres agrafes.The heald can also include two webs 65, 66 perpendicular to the support wing 2 as shown in FIG. 9. In the latter case, each of the cores 65, 66 has at its lower part along the perforations 12, a rib 14 forming a drop of water. This rib as well as that of FIG. 1, can be associated with an upper rib 68 which eliminates any risk of the water returning to the insulation. The flanges 70 which terminate the wings 65, 66 can be fixed to the corresponding facing plates by means of screws, but when these plates 38, 40 have to be separated by an open joint, as shown, it is often preferable to fix them to the by means of hooks in S 72 or other staples.

De préférence les deux âmes de la lisse sont situées à chacune des extrémités respectivement supérieure et inférieure, de l'aile verticale 2 et cette aile est fixée dans sa partie médiane au moyen d'un ensemble vis-cheville expansée 5 dans le support 4.Preferably, the two webs of the heddle are located at each of the upper and lower ends of the vertical wing 2, respectively, and this wing is fixed in its middle part by means of an expanded screw-anchor assembly 5 in the support 4.

Lorsque le revêtement doit être associé à une isolation thermique, un panneau rigide isolant 6 est interposé entre le support ou mur 4 et les lisses horizontales de telle sorte que l'aile verticale 2 de ces lisses appuie sur la panneau isolant et que les vis 5 de fixation traversent ce panneau. En conséquence, le panneau 6 est maintenu par les lisses elles-mêmes qui le pincent localement et l'appliquent contre le support ou plus exactement contre le mur à revêtir, sans qu'il soit nécessaire d'utiliser des moyens de fixation complémentaires tandis que la lame d'air reste délimitée par la dimension des lisses et tout particulièrement celle de leurs âmes. Le panneau isolant peut donc être un simple panneau de section rectangulaire en tout matériau appropié, c'est-à-dire constituer un élément peu couteux et facile à mettre en place.When the covering has to be combined with thermal insulation, a rigid insulating panel 6 is interposed between the support or wall 4 and the horizontal rails so that the vertical wing 2 of these rails presses on the insulation panel and the screws 5 fasteners pass through this panel. Consequently, the panel 6 is held by the beams themselves which pinch it locally and apply it against the support or more exactly against the wall to be coated, without it being necessary to use additional fixing means while the air space remains defined by the size of the stringers and especially that of their souls. The panel Insulator can therefore be a simple panel of rectangular section made of any suitable material, that is to say constitute an inexpensive element and easy to install.

Ce panneau isolant 6 peut toutefois dans certain cas être un panneau spécial muni de rainures horizontales et/ou verticales ainsi que représenté sur les Fig. 9 et 10. Lorsque le panneau isolant 76 comporte des rainures horizontales celles-ci peuvent être utilisées comme gabarit d'écartement pour le montage des lisses horizontales, l'aile verticale 2 de la lisse étant emboitée dans ces rainures tandis que son âme perforée fait saillie vers l'extérieur pour supporter les plaques du parement et délimiter la lame d'air, les perforations 12 se trouvant bien entendu à l'extérieur des rainures.This insulating panel 6 may however in certain cases be a special panel provided with horizontal and / or vertical grooves as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. When the insulating panel 76 has horizontal grooves, these can be used as a gauge for mounting the horizontal rails, the vertical wing 2 of the rail being fitted into these grooves while its perforated core projecting outwards to support the facing plates and delimit the air space, the perforations 12 of course being located outside the grooves.

Lorsque le panneau 78 comporte des rainures verticales 80 les lisses horizontales 1 sont fixées sur les portions du panneau qui séparent les rainures 80 et ces rainures assurent un accroissement du volume de la lame d'air, ce qui facilite la ventilation de cette lame.When the panel 78 has vertical grooves 80, the horizontal rails 1 are fixed on the portions of the panel which separate the grooves 80 and these grooves ensure an increase in the volume of the air space, which facilitates the ventilation of this space.

Le panneau isolant 81 peut également être muni soit entre les rainures soit à la place de celles-ci, comme connu en soi, de saillies ponctuelles 83 de forme quelconque et d'épaisseur telle qu'elles puissent servir d'appui intermédiaire pour les plaques de parement et limiter ainsi la portée entre les lisses. Ces saillies, ou bossages 83 sont de préférence disposés selon des rangées horizontales. Ils sont toutefois espacés les uns des autres de manière à laisser libre entre eux une section de ventilation au moins égale à celle déterminée par la densité des perforations 12 des lisses (Fig. 11).The insulating panel 81 can also be provided either between the grooves or in place of these, as known per se, of point projections 83 of any shape and thickness such that they can serve as intermediate support for the plates facing and thus limit the span between the beams. These projections, or bosses 83 are preferably arranged in horizontal rows. However, they are spaced from one another so as to leave free between them a ventilation section at least equal to that determined by the density of the perforations 12 of the heddles (FIG. 11).

Ces bossages 83 seront généralement d'une seule pièce avec le panneau isolant 81 (Fig. 12) mais ils peuvent également être réalisés à partir d'une pièce rapportée 85 insérée dans une réservation 84 pratiquée dans le panneau isolant 82 (Fig. 14) ou simplement d'une pièce rapportée 87 solidarisée, par exemple par collage, au panneau isolant 86 (Fig. 13). Les pièces rapportées 85 ou 87 constituant des cales d'appui intermédiaire pour les plaques de parement peuvent être constituées de la même matière que le panneau isolant, ou d'une toute autre matière.These bosses 83 will generally be in one piece with the insulating panel 81 (Fig. 12) but they can also be produced from an insert 85 inserted in a reservation 84 made in the insulating panel 82 (Fig. 14) or simply an attached part 87 secured, for example by gluing, to the insulating panel 86 (Fig. 13). The inserts 85 or 87 constituting intermediate support wedges for the facing plates can be made of the same material as the insulating panel, or of any other material.

De tels bossages peuvent bien entendu, si désiré, servir de supports complémentaires sur lesquels les plaques de parement sont fixées, par exemple par collage.Such bosses can of course, if desired, serve as additional supports on which the facing plates are fixed, for example by gluing.

La géométrie de la face extérieure, côté parement, de ces bossages 83, 85, 87 sera telle que cette face soit toujours en contact avec la plaque de parement, ce qui conduira quand les plaques de parement sont posées à recouvrement, donc avec une légère pente par rapport à la verticale, à retrouver cette pente sur la face extérieure des bossages.The geometry of the external face, facing side, of these bosses 83, 85, 87 will be such that this face is always in contact with the facing plate, which will lead when the facing plates are laid overlapping, therefore with a slight slope with respect to the vertical, to find this slope on the outside face of the bosses.

Le revêtement de façade peut donc avoir des aspects très divers et comporter un parement non étanche à l'eau, dont les plaques de parement peuvent être reliées, à joints ouverts ou même à recouvrement, qu'il s'agisse d'un revêtement thermiquement isolant ou non. Il permet ainsi d'assurer une protection efficace contre l'eau et une ventilation verticale de la lame d'air comprise entre le support et le parement.The facade cladding can therefore have a wide variety of aspects and include a non-waterproof cladding, the cladding plates of which can be connected, with open joints or even with overlap, whether it is a thermal cladding insulating or not. It thus provides effective protection against water and vertical ventilation of the air space between the support and the facing.

La forme particulière des lisses facilite en outre la réalisation du revêtement en permettant à ces lisses d'assurer elles-même à la fois la fixation de l'isolant, s'il existe, l'écartement du parement ainsi que son support et la canalisation des eaux à évacuer Ces lisses peuvent en outre être réalisées en métal ou en matière plastique selon les besoins.The particular shape of the heddles also facilitates the realization of the coating by allowing these healds themselves to secure both the fixing of the insulation, if there is one, the spacing of the facing as well as its support and the channeling of the water to be evacuated. These healds can also be made of metal or plastic as required.

Claims (14)

  1. Facade covering having a succession of framework elements or irails (1), which are arranged horizontally and reciprocally spaced, each of them having a vertical flange (2) bearing on the wall to be covered and at least one, web (8,28,32) emanating from said flange, terminated by a ledge (10,44) for fixing the wall facing and having perforations (12) characterized in that each web (8,28,32) is provided with means (14,52) for guiding and evacuating the condensation water or rain which has passed through the said holes by moving it away from the bearing flange and in that the ledges (10,44) of the webs support plates (38,40) of a non-waterproof wall faces and defining with the said plates ventilation spaces communicating with one another by perforations.
  2. Covering according to claim 1, characterized in that the water evacuation and guidance means incorporate a downwardly and outwardly directed slope of the web (8) from the said vertical flange (2).
  3. Covering according to either of the claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the water evacuation and guidance means have a rib (14) forming a water channel and projecting in the lower part of the web parallel to the vertical bearing flange.
  4. Covering according to claim 1, characterized in that each rail has an upwardly and outwardly inclined web (50) provided with perforations (12) in the vicinity of the vertical bearing flange and a deflecting wall (52) at a certain distance below the perforations (12).
  5. Covering according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the web of the rail has a rib (68) projecting along the edge of the perforations (12).
  6. Covering according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each rail has a second web (58,61,66) substantially parallel to the first web and terminated, like the latter, by a wall face fixing ledge (64,70).
  7. Covering according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the perforations of the webs of the rails occupy approximately 5 to 150 cm² /m of rail length.
  8. Covering according, to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it has wall face plates fitted in lapped manner and fixed to inclined ledges (10,62,64) of the horizontal rails.
  9. Covering according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has wall face plates mounted with open joints and fixed to two vertical ledges (55,57,70,72) of the rails.
  10. Covering according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it has wall face plates (38,40) fitted so as to be in an extension of one another on a single ledge (44) of each rail.
  11. Covering according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a rigid insulating material panel (6,76,78) is applied against the support wall (4) and is held in place by jamming between the vertical flanges (2) of the horizontal rails and the said wall.
  12. Covering according to claim 11, characterized in that the insulating panel (76) has horizontal grooves forming a spacing gauge for the rails (1).
  13. Covering according to one of the claims 11 and 12, characterized in that the insulating panel (78) has vertical grooves (80), the rails (1) being fixed to the panel portions seperating the grooves.
  14. Covering according to one of the claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the insulating panel (81) has spaced bosses (83,85,86) forming an intermediate support or bearing for the wall face and forming between them ventilation passages, whose overall section is at least equal to that of the perforations (12) of the rails.
EP19870402655 1986-11-24 1987-11-24 Façade covering with a ventilated-air layer Expired - Lifetime EP0271400B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8616332 1986-11-24
FR8616332A FR2607171B1 (en) 1986-11-24 1986-11-24 SMOOTH FOR FACADE COVERING AND FACADE COATING USING SUCH TRIMS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0271400A1 EP0271400A1 (en) 1988-06-15
EP0271400B1 true EP0271400B1 (en) 1991-05-29

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EP19870402655 Expired - Lifetime EP0271400B1 (en) 1986-11-24 1987-11-24 Façade covering with a ventilated-air layer

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EP (1) EP0271400B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3770427D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2607171B1 (en)

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US11332943B2 (en) 2019-10-08 2022-05-17 D.A. Distribution Inc. Wall covering with adjustable spacing

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US5617690A (en) * 1993-01-15 1997-04-08 Gibbs; Alden T. Slate mounting assembly
US5577360A (en) * 1993-01-15 1996-11-26 Gibbs; Alden T. Slate mounting system
DE10147840C2 (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-09-25 Lkh Kunststoffwerk Gmbh & Co wall covering
IT1398186B1 (en) * 2010-02-01 2013-02-14 Guarnaccia VENTILATED FACADE
ES2586736B1 (en) * 2015-04-15 2017-09-07 Cupa Innovacion S.L.U. VENTILATED FACADE
EA035553B1 (en) 2015-05-21 2020-07-07 Компромент Холдинг Аф 2007 Апс Rail system for mounting facing elements on a facade

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US2292984A (en) * 1941-09-16 1942-08-11 Jr Alfonso Alvarez Speed shingling clip
US3029560A (en) * 1954-12-06 1962-04-17 John B Benson Building clip
DE1784477A1 (en) * 1968-08-13 1971-08-12 Leisten Hans Joachim Support bar for wall cladding panels and wall cladding built up with it
DE2049219A1 (en) * 1970-10-07 1972-04-13 Rombock geb. Hasenrahm, Trude, 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn Panels with slotted bridge straps attached to hook straps
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DE3238445A1 (en) * 1982-10-16 1984-04-19 Lhc Loba-Holmenkol-Chemie Dr. Fischer Und Dr. Weinmann Kg, 7257 Ditzingen Method of producing heat-insulated plaster facades
FR2541712B1 (en) * 1983-02-28 1986-01-31 Elf Isolation COATING ELEMENT FOR THE OUTER FACADE OF A BUILDING AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE PRODUCTION OF A VETURE FOR SAID FACADE

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11332943B2 (en) 2019-10-08 2022-05-17 D.A. Distribution Inc. Wall covering with adjustable spacing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2607171A1 (en) 1988-05-27
FR2607171B1 (en) 1991-08-30
EP0271400A1 (en) 1988-06-15
DE3770427D1 (en) 1991-07-04

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