EP2309527B1 - Device for joining by welding of a cover on end of cylinder body and vacuum bulb having such a device - Google Patents

Device for joining by welding of a cover on end of cylinder body and vacuum bulb having such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2309527B1
EP2309527B1 EP10354048.0A EP10354048A EP2309527B1 EP 2309527 B1 EP2309527 B1 EP 2309527B1 EP 10354048 A EP10354048 A EP 10354048A EP 2309527 B1 EP2309527 B1 EP 2309527B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover
cylinder body
area
end surface
called
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EP10354048.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2309527A2 (en
EP2309527A3 (en
Inventor
Hans Schellekens
Marie-Françoise Devismes
Dominique Mazzucchi
Olga Kozlova
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2309527A3 publication Critical patent/EP2309527A3/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/66215—Details relating to the soldering or brazing of vacuum switch housings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an assembly device by brazing an end cap on a cylindrical body, said end cap having a circular peripheral edge through which said cap is brazed on a part of one of the surfaces of end of the cylindrical body, and a vacuum bulb assembled by means of such an assembly device.
  • One of the problems related to the assembly by brazing of parts of different types, such as a ceramic part with a metal part for example, is related to the appearance of residual stresses in this assembly mainly due to the difference of coefficients of expansion of the materials to be assembled. These residual stresses can lead, in the short or long term, to cracking of the assembly.
  • the present invention solves these problems and proposes an assembly device by brazing a cover on a cylindrical body providing improved mechanical strength between the two parts, making it possible in particular to produce between the two parts a brazing of the reactive type, as well as a vacuum bulb assembled according to this device.
  • the subject of the present invention is a solder assembly device according to claim 1.
  • the first part comprises a portion extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical body and constituting the outer wall of the cover
  • the second part comprises a portion extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb and constituting the inner wall of the hood.
  • the depth of the second part of the hood measured between the plane of the end surface of the hood and the plane of the outer surface of the portion constituting the inside wall of the aforementioned hood, is greater than 6 mm, and the height of the first part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the inner surface of said first said portion constituting the outer wall of the cover, is less than 2mm.
  • this height is greater than 0.5 mm.
  • the depth of the second part of the cover measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the outer surface of the portion constituting the inner wall of the aforementioned cover, is arbitrary, and in that that the height of the first part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the inner surface of said first said portion constituting the outer wall of the cover, is greater than 2mm.
  • the thickness E of the hood is less than 2.5 mm.
  • the hood is brazed flat on the end surface of the cylindrical body.
  • the hood is brazed flat on the end surface of the cylindrical body.
  • the cover comprises, starting from the outer peripheral edge, an end portion, said first portion brazed flat on the end surface of the body of the bulb, extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb, followed by a so-called second portion, inclined relative to this first portion of an angle ⁇ , which inclined portion is followed by a portion said third extending parallel to the first, which third portion is followed by another portion said fourth portion inclined relative to the previous, an angle ⁇ between 90 ° and 180 °, which is followed by a last portion said fifth extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb.
  • the angle ⁇ is between 55 ° and 125 °.
  • the so-called first zone of the end surface of the cylindrical body which zone is situated between each peripheral edge of said surface and the edge situated on the same side with respect to the end of the hood, of the surface of the brazing on said end surface is greater than 1 mm in length.
  • this device comprises a means for preventing the solder from creating bonds in an area of the end surface of the cap, called the second zone, situated opposite the aforementioned said first zone of the end surface of the cylindrical body.
  • the so-called first zone is covered with an anti-wetting agent or the zone, called the second zone, is covered with a localized oxidation, in order to prevent the solder from creating bonds in this last zone.
  • the solder is set back from the area where the brazing fillet should be located, the length of this withdrawal being a function of the diffusion rate of the solder at the soldering temperature and the time of soldering. brazing, so that at the end of brazing, said solder does not extend beyond the contact surface between the end surface of the cap and the end surface of the cylindrical body.
  • the soldering is of the reactive type.
  • Another subject of the present invention is a vacuum interrupter comprising a solder assembly device, comprising the previously mentioned characteristics taken alone or in combination.
  • a vacuum bulb A comprising, in a manner known per se, a cylindrical body 1 made of ceramic closed by two end caps 2, 3 of metal, one of which 2, said first, comprises a sealing bellows 4 mounted around an actuating rod 5 supporting the movable contact 6 of the bulb.
  • the fixed contact 7 of the bulb A is supported by a rod 8 fixed to the second end cap 3.
  • the two end caps 2, 3 are respectively assembled on the two end surfaces 9, 10 of the cylindrical body at means of an assembly device according to the invention.
  • each end cap 2,3 is brazed to the corresponding end surface 9, 10 of the body and is shaped so that said hood presses on the cylindrical body on the largest contact (or brazing) surface 11 between said cover and said end surface.
  • the end cap 3 comprises a first part C offset from the aforementioned end surface 10 of the cylindrical body 1 towards the outside of the cylindrical body, this first part C being followed by a second part D plunging inside the cylindrical body 1.
  • This hood 3 comprises, starting from the outer peripheral edge 12 to the center 13, a so-called first end portion 14, brazed flat on the end surface 10 of the body 1 of the bulb, said portion extending along a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the bulb, followed by a so-called second portion 15 inclined relative to this first portion 14 of an angle ⁇ , which inclined portion 15 is followed by a portion said third 16 extending parallel to the first and constituting the outer surface of the cover 3, which portion 16 is followed by another portion 17 said fourth inclined relative to the previous, an angle ⁇ between 90 ° and 180 °, which is followed by a last portion 18 said fifth, extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis of the bulb constituting the inner wall of the cover and also the central part of the cover, the angle ß being advantageously between 55 ° e t 125 °.
  • the depth H1 of the second part D of the cover 3, measured between the plane of the brazing surface 11 situated on the end surface 19 of the cover or on that of the cylindrical body, and the plane of the outer surface 18a of the said portion 18 fifth of the cover, is greater than 6 mm.
  • the height H2 of the first portion C of the cover 3 measured between the brazing surface 11 and the surface 16a directed towards the interior of the bulb A, of the aforesaid third portion 16, is less than 2 mm.
  • the solder must not go back on the hood, which imposes a minimum clearance height of 0.5min H2min.
  • the thickness E of the cover is advantageously less than 2.5 mm.
  • the wetting angle on the ceramic is advantageously ⁇ 90 °.
  • the angle of clearance of the cover ⁇ is advantageously between 55 ° and 125 °, which prevents the rise of the solder along the cover.
  • the hood shall be centered on the ceramic and be located at a sufficient distance from the edges of the ceramic body, so that the brazing fades 11a, 11b, which correspond to the ends of the brazed joints, are located in areas where the assembly is subject to reduced residual stresses.
  • the distance A between each edge 23 of the brazing surface 11 and the edge 22 situated on the same side of the end surface 10 of the body 1 of the ceramic is advantageously greater than 1 mm.
  • the solder is set back from the area where the brazing fillet will be located, the length of this withdrawal being dependent on the diffusion rate of the solder at the temperature. brazing.
  • the diffusion rate of the solder is of the order of one micron / second.
  • the solder will be offset by about 1 mm with respect to each end of the brazing surface.
  • the cover has been designed so that the brazing surface is located in an area subjected to constraints mainly in compression so that the cracks, if they start, can not propagate in the material.
  • fragile that is to say the ceramic. Indeed, if a crack starts in an area of the assembly subjected to tensile forces, it can spread, whereas if it starts in an area subjected to compression forces, it does not spread .
  • the brazing leaves 11a, 11b ends of the brazed joints are points of the assembly from which the cracks can begin.
  • the present invention therefore proposes an assembly design that minimizes the stresses and locates them in areas where the cracks, if they are initiated, can not propagate.
  • the present invention therefore makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength of a brazing assembly such as the assembly of a metal with an oxide ceramic, so as to reduce the scrap rates and to provide an improvement in cases where the stresses of use are more severe (especially in case of over-molding, ).
  • This makes it possible to use a brazing of the reactive type which, in known manner, provides a lower mechanical strength than the conventional brazing.
  • the invention applies to the assembly of vacuum bulbs and, in general to all assemblies that require a good seal throughout their service life.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'assemblage par brasage d'un capot d'extrémité sur un corps cylindrique, ledit capot d'extrémité présentant un bord périphérique circulaire par lequel ledit capot est brasé sur une partie de l'une des surfaces d'extrémité du corps cylindrique, ainsi qu'une ampoule à vide assemblée au moyen d'un tel dispositif d'assemblage.
L'une des problématiques liées à l'assemblage par brasage au four de pièces de nature différente, telles une pièce en céramique avec une pièce métallique par exemple, est liée à l'apparition de contraintes résiduelles dans cet assemblage principalement dues à la différence des coefficients de dilatation des matériaux à assembler. Ces contraintes résiduelles peuvent conduire, à court ou long terme, à une fissuration de l'assemblage.
On connaît le document US 4 436 241 décrivant une ampoule à vide, la dite ampoule à vide comportant un corps cylindrique en céramique fermée à ses deux extrémités opposées par un capot d'extrémité en acier. Ces deux capots d'extrémité présentent chacun une forme de cuve comportant un bord circulaire libre, par lesquels bords lesdits capots sont brasés en bout chacun sur une surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique.
Le brasage du type réactif procure une tenue mécanique qui est 20% inférieur au brasage classique. Ainsi, ce type de brasage est plus difficile à réaliser sur une conception de l'ampoule telle que décrite dans le brevet précédemment cité.The present invention relates to an assembly device by brazing an end cap on a cylindrical body, said end cap having a circular peripheral edge through which said cap is brazed on a part of one of the surfaces of end of the cylindrical body, and a vacuum bulb assembled by means of such an assembly device.
One of the problems related to the assembly by brazing of parts of different types, such as a ceramic part with a metal part for example, is related to the appearance of residual stresses in this assembly mainly due to the difference of coefficients of expansion of the materials to be assembled. These residual stresses can lead, in the short or long term, to cracking of the assembly.
We know the document US 4,436,241 describing a vacuum interrupter, said vacuum bulb having a cylindrical ceramic body closed at both opposite ends thereof by a steel end cap. These two end caps each have a bowl shape having a free circular edge, by which edges said caps are buttressed each on an end surface of the cylindrical body.
Brazing of the reactive type provides a mechanical strength which is 20% lower than conventional brazing. Thus, this type of brazing is more difficult to achieve on a design of the bulb as described in the patent cited above.

On connaît également le document EP 0039611 décrivant un dispositif comportant les caractéristiques du préambule de la revendication 1.The document is also known EP 0039611 describing a device comprising the features of the preamble of claim 1.

La présente invention résout ces problèmes et propose un dispositif d'assemblage par brasage d'un capot sur un corps cylindrique offrant une tenue mécanique améliorée entre les deux pièces, permettant notamment de réaliser entre les deux pièces un brasage du type réactif, ainsi qu'une ampoule à vide assemblée suivant ce dispositif.The present invention solves these problems and proposes an assembly device by brazing a cover on a cylindrical body providing improved mechanical strength between the two parts, making it possible in particular to produce between the two parts a brazing of the reactive type, as well as a vacuum bulb assembled according to this device.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un dispositif d'assemblage par brasage selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, the subject of the present invention is a solder assembly device according to claim 1.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, la première partie comporte une portion s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe du corps cylindrique et constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, et la seconde partie comporte une portion s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe de l'ampoule et constituant la paroi intérieure du capot.According to a particular characteristic, the first part comprises a portion extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical body and constituting the outer wall of the cover, and the second part comprises a portion extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb and constituting the inner wall of the hood.

Selon une réalisation particulière, la profondeur de la seconde partie du capot, mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité du capot et le plan de la surface extérieure de la portion constituant la paroi intérieure du capot précité, est supérieure à 6mm, et la hauteur de la première partie du capot, mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité du capot et le plan de la surface intérieure de la portion dite première précitée constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, est inférieure à 2mm.
Avantageusement, cette hauteur est supérieure à 0,5 mm.According to a particular embodiment, the depth of the second part of the hood, measured between the plane of the end surface of the hood and the plane of the outer surface of the portion constituting the inside wall of the aforementioned hood, is greater than 6 mm, and the height of the first part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the inner surface of said first said portion constituting the outer wall of the cover, is less than 2mm.
Advantageously, this height is greater than 0.5 mm.

Selon une autre réalisation, la profondeur de la seconde partie du capot, mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité du capot et le plan de la surface extérieure de la portion constituant la paroi intérieure du capot précité, est quelconque, et en ce que la hauteur de la première partie du capot, mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité du capot et le plan de la surface intérieure de la portion dite première précitée constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, est supérieure à 2mm.According to another embodiment, the depth of the second part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the outer surface of the portion constituting the inner wall of the aforementioned cover, is arbitrary, and in that that the height of the first part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the inner surface of said first said portion constituting the outer wall of the cover, is greater than 2mm.

Selon une autre caractéristique, l'épaisseur E du capot est inférieure à 2,5mm..According to another characteristic, the thickness E of the hood is less than 2.5 mm.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le capot est brasé à plat sur la surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique.According to another characteristic, the hood is brazed flat on the end surface of the cylindrical body.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le capot est brasé à plat sur la surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique.According to another characteristic, the hood is brazed flat on the end surface of the cylindrical body.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, le capot comporte, en partant du bord périphérique extérieur, une portion d'extrémité dite première portion brasée à plat sur la surface d'extrémité du corps de l'ampoule, s'étendant suivant un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'ampoule, suivie d'une portion dite seconde, inclinée par rapport à cette première portion d'un angle ß, laquelle portion inclinée est suivie d'une portion dite troisième s'étendant parallèlement à la première, laquelle troisième portion est suivie d'une autre portion dite quatrième portion inclinée par rapport à la précédente, d'un angle α compris entre 90° et 180°, laquelle est suivie d'une dernière portion dite cinquième s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe de l'ampoule.According to one particular characteristic, the cover comprises, starting from the outer peripheral edge, an end portion, said first portion brazed flat on the end surface of the body of the bulb, extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb, followed by a so-called second portion, inclined relative to this first portion of an angle β, which inclined portion is followed by a portion said third extending parallel to the first, which third portion is followed by another portion said fourth portion inclined relative to the previous, an angle α between 90 ° and 180 °, which is followed by a last portion said fifth extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb.

Selon une autre caractéristique, l'angle ß est compris entre 55° et 125°.According to another characteristic, the angle β is between 55 ° and 125 °.

Selon une autre caractéristique, la zone dite première de la surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique, laquelle zone étant située entre chaque bord périphérique de ladite surface et le bord situé du même côté par rapport à l'extrémité du capot, de la surface de brasage située sur ladite surface d'extrémité, est d'une longueur supérieure à 1 mm.According to another characteristic, the so-called first zone of the end surface of the cylindrical body, which zone is situated between each peripheral edge of said surface and the edge situated on the same side with respect to the end of the hood, of the surface of the brazing on said end surface is greater than 1 mm in length.

Selon une autre caractéristique, ce dispositif comporte un moyen pour empêcher la brasure de créer des liaisons dans une zone de la surface d'extrémité du capot, dite seconde zone, située en regard de la zone dite première précitée de la surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique.According to another characteristic, this device comprises a means for preventing the solder from creating bonds in an area of the end surface of the cap, called the second zone, situated opposite the aforementioned said first zone of the end surface of the cylindrical body.

Selon une réalisation particulière, la zone dite première est recouverte d'un anti-mouillant ou la zone, dite seconde zone, est recouverte d'une oxydation localisée, afin d'empêcher la brasure de créer des liaisons dans cette dernière zone.According to a particular embodiment, the so-called first zone is covered with an anti-wetting agent or the zone, called the second zone, is covered with a localized oxidation, in order to prevent the solder from creating bonds in this last zone.

Selon une autre caractéristique, la brasure est placée en retrait par rapport à la zone où doit venir se situer le congé de brasure, la longueur de ce retrait étant fonction de la vitesse de diffusion de la brasure à la température de brasage et du temps de brasage, de façon qu'à la fin du brasage, ladite brasure ne s'étende pas au-delà de la surface de contact entre la surface d'extrémité du capot et la surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique.According to another feature, the solder is set back from the area where the brazing fillet should be located, the length of this withdrawal being a function of the diffusion rate of the solder at the soldering temperature and the time of soldering. brazing, so that at the end of brazing, said solder does not extend beyond the contact surface between the end surface of the cap and the end surface of the cylindrical body.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, le brasage réalisé est du type réactif.According to a particular characteristic, the soldering is of the reactive type.

La présente invention a encore pour objet une ampoule à vide comportant un dispositif d'assemblage par brasage, comportant les caractéristiques précédemment mentionnées prises seules ou en combinaison.Another subject of the present invention is a vacuum interrupter comprising a solder assembly device, comprising the previously mentioned characteristics taken alone or in combination.

Mais d'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux dans la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux dessins annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple et dans lesquels :

  • La fig.1 est une vue en coupe schématique d'une ampoule à vide selon l'invention,
  • La fig.2 est une vue partielle en coupe, illustrant l'assemblage d'un capot d'extrémité sur une ampoule selon une réalisation particulière du dispositif de l'invention, et
  • La fig.3 est une vue de détail, illustrant une brasure réalisée entre un capot d'extrémité et un corps cylindrique selon une réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention,
But other advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent in the detailed description which follows and refers to the accompanying drawings given solely by way of example and in which:
  • The fig.1 is a schematic sectional view of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention,
  • The fig.2 is a partial sectional view, illustrating the assembly of an end cap on an ampoule according to a particular embodiment of the device of the invention, and
  • The fig.3 is a detail view, illustrating a solder produced between an end cap and a cylindrical body according to an embodiment of the device according to the invention,

Sur la figure 1, on voit une ampoule à vide A comportant, de manière connue en soi, un corps cylindrique 1 en céramique fermé par deux capots d'extrémité 2,3 en métal, dont l'un 2, dit premier, comporte un soufflet d'étanchéité 4 monté autour d'une tige d'actionnement 5 supportant le contact mobile 6 de l'ampoule. Le contact fixe 7 de l'ampoule A est supporté par une tige 8 fixée au second capot d'extrémité 3. Les deux capots d'extrémité 2,3 sont assemblés respectivement sur les deux surfaces d'extrémité 9,10 du corps cylindrique au moyen d'un dispositif d'assemblage selon l'invention.On the figure 1 , we see a vacuum bulb A comprising, in a manner known per se, a cylindrical body 1 made of ceramic closed by two end caps 2, 3 of metal, one of which 2, said first, comprises a sealing bellows 4 mounted around an actuating rod 5 supporting the movable contact 6 of the bulb. The fixed contact 7 of the bulb A is supported by a rod 8 fixed to the second end cap 3. The two end caps 2, 3 are respectively assembled on the two end surfaces 9, 10 of the cylindrical body at means of an assembly device according to the invention.

Selon ce dispositif de l'invention, chaque capot d'extrémité 2,3 est brasé sur la surface d'extrémité 9, 10 correspondante du corps et est conformé de manière que ledit capot exerce une compression sur le corps cylindrique sur la plus grande surface de contact (ou de brasage 11) entre ledit capot et ladite surface d'extrémité.According to this device of the invention, each end cap 2,3 is brazed to the corresponding end surface 9, 10 of the body and is shaped so that said hood presses on the cylindrical body on the largest contact (or brazing) surface 11 between said cover and said end surface.

Selon une réalisation particulière de l'invention illustrée sur la figure 2, le capot d'extrémité 3 comporte, une première partie C décalée par rapport à la surface d'extrémité précitée 10 du corps cylindrique 1, en direction de l'extérieur du corps cylindrique, cette première partie C étant suivie d'une seconde partie D plongeant à l'intérieur du corps cylindrique 1.According to a particular embodiment of the invention illustrated on the figure 2 , the end cap 3 comprises a first part C offset from the aforementioned end surface 10 of the cylindrical body 1 towards the outside of the cylindrical body, this first part C being followed by a second part D plunging inside the cylindrical body 1.

Ce capot 3 comporte, en partant du bord périphérique extérieur 12 jusqu'au centre 13, une portion d'extrémité dite première 14, brasée à plat sur la surface d'extrémité 10 du corps 1 de l'ampoule, ladite portion s'étendant suivant un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe X de l'ampoule, suivie d'une portion dite seconde 15 inclinée par rapport à cette première portion 14 d'un angle ß, laquelle portion inclinée 15 est suivie d'une portion dite troisième 16 s'étendant parallèlement à la première et constituant la surface extérieure du capot 3, laquelle portion 16 est suivie d'une autre portion 17 dite quatrième inclinée par rapport à la précédente, d'un angle α compris entre 90° et 180°, laquelle est suivie d'une dernière portion 18 dite cinquième, s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe de l'ampoule constituant la paroi intérieure du capot et également la partie centrale du capot, l'angle ß étant compris avantageusement entre 55° et 125°.
La profondeur H1 de la seconde partie D du capot 3, mesurée entre le plan de la surface de brasage 11 située sur la surface d'extrémité 19 du capot ou sur celle 10 du corps cylindrique, et le plan de la surface extérieure 18a de la portion 18 dite cinquième du capot, est supérieure à 6 mm. La hauteur H2 de la première partie C du capot 3 mesurée entre la surface de brasage 11 et la surface 16a dirigée vers l'intérieure de l'ampoule A, de la troisième portion précitée 16, est inférieure à 2 mm. Cependant, la brasure ne doit pas remonter sur le capot, ce qui impose une hauteur de dégagement minimale H2min de 0,5mm.
Ces valeurs de H1 et H2 permettent d'absorber au maximum les contraintes par déformation plastique pour induire le moins de contraintes possibles dans la céramique.This hood 3 comprises, starting from the outer peripheral edge 12 to the center 13, a so-called first end portion 14, brazed flat on the end surface 10 of the body 1 of the bulb, said portion extending along a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the bulb, followed by a so-called second portion 15 inclined relative to this first portion 14 of an angle β, which inclined portion 15 is followed by a portion said third 16 extending parallel to the first and constituting the outer surface of the cover 3, which portion 16 is followed by another portion 17 said fourth inclined relative to the previous, an angle α between 90 ° and 180 °, which is followed by a last portion 18 said fifth, extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis of the bulb constituting the inner wall of the cover and also the central part of the cover, the angle ß being advantageously between 55 ° e t 125 °.
The depth H1 of the second part D of the cover 3, measured between the plane of the brazing surface 11 situated on the end surface 19 of the cover or on that of the cylindrical body, and the plane of the outer surface 18a of the said portion 18 fifth of the cover, is greater than 6 mm. The height H2 of the first portion C of the cover 3 measured between the brazing surface 11 and the surface 16a directed towards the interior of the bulb A, of the aforesaid third portion 16, is less than 2 mm. However, the solder must not go back on the hood, which imposes a minimum clearance height of 0.5min H2min.
These values of H1 and H2 make it possible to absorb the stresses by plastic deformation as much as possible in order to induce the least possible stresses in the ceramic.

Ces valeurs de la profondeur et de la hauteur sont nécessaires pour l'obtention d'un effet de compression sur le corps de l'ampoule sur la plus grande zone possible de la surface de brasage.
Selon une autre solution avantageuse permettant d'obtenir les mêmes résultats, H2>2 mm et H1 quelconque.
L'épaisseur E du capot est avantageusement inférieure à 2,5 mm.
L'angle de mouillage sur la céramique est avantageusement <90°. Il en résulte que l'angle de dégagement du capot ß sera avantageusement compris entre 55° et 125°, ce qui permet d'empêcher la remontée de la brasure le long du capot.
Le capot doit être centré sur la céramique et se situer à une distance suffisante des bords du corps en céramique, de façon que les congés de brasure 11a,11b, qui correspondent aux extrémités des joints brasés, soient situés dans des zones où l'assemblage est soumis à des contraintes résiduelles réduites.
Avantageusement, tel qu'illustré sur la figure 3, la distance A entre chaque bord 23 de la surface de brasage 11 et le bord 22 situé du même côté de la surface d'extrémité 10 du corps 1 de la céramique est avantageusement supérieure à 1 mm..
Selon une première réalisation, lors de l'assemblage, la brasure est placée en retrait par rapport à la zone où devra venir se situer le congé de brasure, la longueur de ce retrait étant dépendante de la vitesse de diffusion de la brasure à la température de brasage.
Dans le cas d'un brasage à 850°C± 30°C, la vitesse de diffusion de la brasure est de l'ordre du micron/seconde. Ainsi, pour un brasage d'une dizaine de minutes, la brasure sera décalée d'environ 1mm par rapport à chaque extrémité de la surface de brasage.
D'autres solutions peuvent être utilisées telles que l'utilisation d'une solution anti-mouillante déposée sur la zone A de la surface d'extrémité 10 du corps cylindrique 1 ou bien la réalisation d'une oxydation localisée, sur une zone B (figure 3) de la surface d'extrémité 19 du capot 3, ladite zone B étant située entre l'extrémité 20 de la surface de brasage 11 et le bord 21 correspondant de la surface d'extrémité 19 du capot 3, de façon à empêcher la brasure de créer des liaisons dans les zones du corps en céramique qui subissent des efforts de traction.
Le fait de prévoir un dégagement d'une hauteur H2 comprise entre 0,5 et 2 mm, et un angle ß compris entre 55° et 125° pour la réalisation décrite sur la figure 2, permet d'empêcher la brasure de remonter le long du capot.These values of depth and height are necessary to obtain a compression effect on the body of the bulb over the largest possible area of the brazing surface.
According to another advantageous solution for obtaining the same results, H2> 2 mm and any H1.
The thickness E of the cover is advantageously less than 2.5 mm.
The wetting angle on the ceramic is advantageously <90 °. As a result, the angle of clearance of the cover β is advantageously between 55 ° and 125 °, which prevents the rise of the solder along the cover.
The hood shall be centered on the ceramic and be located at a sufficient distance from the edges of the ceramic body, so that the brazing fades 11a, 11b, which correspond to the ends of the brazed joints, are located in areas where the assembly is subject to reduced residual stresses.
Advantageously, as illustrated on the figure 3 the distance A between each edge 23 of the brazing surface 11 and the edge 22 situated on the same side of the end surface 10 of the body 1 of the ceramic is advantageously greater than 1 mm.
According to a first embodiment, during assembly, the solder is set back from the area where the brazing fillet will be located, the length of this withdrawal being dependent on the diffusion rate of the solder at the temperature. brazing.
In the case of brazing at 850 ° C. ± 30 ° C., the diffusion rate of the solder is of the order of one micron / second. Thus, for a soldering of about ten minutes, the solder will be offset by about 1 mm with respect to each end of the brazing surface.
Other solutions can be used such as the use of an anti-wetting solution deposited on the zone A of the end surface 10 of the cylindrical body 1 or the realization of a localized oxidation, on a zone B ( figure 3 ) of the end surface 19 of the cover 3, said zone B being located between the end 20 of the brazing surface 11 and the corresponding edge 21 of the end surface 19 of the cover 3, so as to prevent soldering to create bonds in areas of the ceramic body that undergo tensile stresses.
Providing a clearance of a height H2 of between 0.5 and 2 mm, and an angle β of between 55 ° and 125 ° for the embodiment described in FIG. figure 2 , prevents the solder from rising along the hood.

Ainsi, selon l'invention, le capot a été conçu de manière que la surface de brasage soit située dans une zone soumise à des contraintes principalement en compression afin que les fissures, si elles s'amorcent, ne puissent pas se propager dans le matériau fragile c'est-à-dire la céramique. En effet, si une fissure s'amorce dans une zone de l'assemblage soumise à des efforts de traction, elle peut se propager, alors que si elle s'amorce dans une zone soumise à des efforts de compression, elle ne se propage pas.
D'autre part, les congés de brasure 11 a,11 b (extrémités des joints brasés) sont des points de l'assemblage à partir desquels les fissures peuvent s'amorcer. Il est donc important de concevoir l'assemblage pour que ces congés de brasure soient situés dans des zones soumises à des contraintes le plus faible possibles et, de préférence, en compression afin que les fissures, si elles s'amorcent, ne puissent pas se propager dans le matériau fragile, c'est-à-dire la céramique. En effet, si une fissure s'amorce dans une zone de l'assemblage « en traction », elle peut se propager et conduire à une rupture, alors que si elle s'amorce dans une zone en compression, elle ne se propage pas. Ce problème a été résolu selon l'invention, soit en décalant la brasure, par rapport à l'endroit où elle doit se situer, en fonction de la vitesse de diffusion de la brasure et du temps de brasage, soit en prévoyant un anti-mouillant sur le corps cylindrique, soit une oxydation localisée sur une zone du capot, soit une combinaison de ces trois solutions.
La présente invention propose donc une conception d'assemblage qui minimise les contraintes et les localise dans des zones où les fissures, si elles s'initient, ne peuvent pas se propager.
La présente invention permet donc d'améliorer la tenue mécanique d'un assemblage par brasage tel l'assemblage d'un métal avec une céramique oxyde, de manière à diminuer les taux de rebut et à apporter une amélioration dans les cas où les contraintes d'utilisation sont plus sévères (notamment en cas de surmoulage,...). Ce qui permet d'utiliser un brasage du type réactif qui, de manière connue, procure une tenue mécanique inférieure au brasage classique.Thus, according to the invention, the cover has been designed so that the brazing surface is located in an area subjected to constraints mainly in compression so that the cracks, if they start, can not propagate in the material. fragile that is to say the ceramic. Indeed, if a crack starts in an area of the assembly subjected to tensile forces, it can spread, whereas if it starts in an area subjected to compression forces, it does not spread .
On the other hand, the brazing leaves 11a, 11b (ends of the brazed joints) are points of the assembly from which the cracks can begin. It is therefore important to design the assembly so that these brazing fades are located in areas subject to the lowest possible stresses and, preferably, in compression so that the cracks, if they start, can not occur. propagate in the fragile material, that is to say the ceramic. Indeed, if a crack starts in an area of the assembly "in traction", it can spread and lead to a break, whereas if it starts in a zone in compression, it does not spread. This problem has been solved according to the invention, either by shifting the solder, relative to the place where it must be located, depending on the diffusion rate of the solder and the soldering time, or by providing an anti- wetting on the cylindrical body, a localized oxidation on a hood area, or a combination of these three solutions.
The present invention therefore proposes an assembly design that minimizes the stresses and locates them in areas where the cracks, if they are initiated, can not propagate.
The present invention therefore makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength of a brazing assembly such as the assembly of a metal with an oxide ceramic, so as to reduce the scrap rates and to provide an improvement in cases where the stresses of use are more severe (especially in case of over-molding, ...). This makes it possible to use a brazing of the reactive type which, in known manner, provides a lower mechanical strength than the conventional brazing.

L'invention s'applique à l'assemblage des ampoules à vide et, de manière générale à tous les assemblages qui requièrent une bonne étanchéité tout au long de leur durée de service.The invention applies to the assembly of vacuum bulbs and, in general to all assemblies that require a good seal throughout their service life.

Claims (14)

  1. Device for joining by welding of an end cover on a cylinder body, said end cover having a circular peripheral edge via which said cover is welded onto a part of one of the end surfaces of the cylinder body, characterized in that said cover (3) comprises, after the part thereof which is welded to the cylinder body and in the direction of the central axis of the cylinder body, a first part C which is offset with respect to the welded surface of the cylinder body (1) in the direction of the outside of the cylinder body, this first part extending all around the axis of the bulb, this first part C being followed by a second part D also extending all around the axis of the bulb and being inclined toward the inside of the cylinder body (1), said two parts cooperating so as to exert a compressive force on the welded surface of the end surface of the cylinder body.
  2. Device for joining according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first part C comprises a portion (14) extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis X of the cylinder body and forming the outer wall of the cover, and in that the second part D comprises a portion (18) extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis X of the cylinder body (1) and forming the inner wall of the cover.
  3. Device for joining according to Claim 2, characterized in that the depth H1 of the second part D of the cover (3), measured between the plane of the end surface (19) of the cover (3) and the plane of the outer surface (18a) of the portion forming the inner wall (18) of the aforementioned cover, is greater than 6 mm, and in that the height H2 of the first part C of the cover (3), measured between the plane of the end surface (19) of the cover (3) and the plane of the inner surface (16a) of the aforementioned portion (16), called the first portion, forming the outer wall of the cover, is less than 2 mm.
  4. Device for joining according to Claim 3, characterized in that the height H2 of the first part C of the cover (3), measured between the plane of the end surface (19) of the cover (3) and the plane of the inner surface (16a) of the aforementioned portion (16), called the first portion, forming the outer wall of the cover, is greater than 0.5 mm.
  5. Device for joining according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness E of the cover is less than 2.5 mm.
  6. Device for joining according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (3) is flat-welded onto the end surface (10) of the cylinder body (1).
  7. Device for joining according to Claim 6, characterized in that, proceeding from the outer peripheral edge (12), the cover (3) comprises an end portion (14) called the first portion, flat-welded onto the end surface (10) of the body (1), extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the body, followed by a portion called the second portion (15) which is inclined relative to this first portion (14) by an angle β, which inclined portion (15) is followed by a portion called the third portion (16) extending parallel to the first portion, said third portion (16) being followed by a further portion called the fourth portion (17) which is inclined relative to the previous portion by an angle α of between 90º and 180º and which is followed by a final portion called the fifth portion (18) extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis X of the cylinder body (1).
  8. Device for joining according to Claim 7, characterized in that the angle β is between 55º and 125º.
  9. Device for joining according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the area A, called the first area of the end surface (10) of the cylinder body (1), which area A being located between each peripheral edge (22) of said surface (10) and the edge (23) located on the same side relative to the end of the cover, of the welding surface (11) located on said end surface (10), has a length of more than 1 mm.
  10. Device for joining according to Claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a means for preventing the welded joint from creating bonds in an area B of the end surface (19) of the cover, called the second area, located opposite the aforementioned area A, called the first area, of the end surface (10) of the cylinder body (1).
  11. Device for joining according to Claim 10, characterized in that the area A, called the first area, is covered by an anti-wetting agent or the aforementioned area B, called the second area, is covered by a localized oxidation agent in order to prevent the welded joint from creating bonds in this last area.
  12. Device for joining according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the welded joint is retracted relative to the area where the welding fillet is to be located, the length of this retracted portion being a function of the welding diffusion rate at the welding temperature and of the welding time, so that at the end of the welding process, said welded joint does not extend beyond the contact surface between the end surface (19) of the cover (3) and the end surface (10) of the cylinder body (1).
  13. Device for joining according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the welding performed is of the reactive type.
  14. Vacuum bulb having a device for joining by welding according to any one of claims 1 to 13.
EP10354048.0A 2009-10-12 2010-09-13 Device for joining by welding of a cover on end of cylinder body and vacuum bulb having such a device Active EP2309527B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0904867A FR2951314A1 (en) 2009-10-12 2009-10-12 BRAKE ASSEMBLY DEVICE FOR AN END HOOD ON A CYLINDRICAL BODY AND A VACUUM BULB COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE

Publications (3)

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EP2309527A2 EP2309527A2 (en) 2011-04-13
EP2309527A3 EP2309527A3 (en) 2012-08-29
EP2309527B1 true EP2309527B1 (en) 2016-05-04

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EP (1) EP2309527B1 (en)
CN (1) CN102039461B (en)
FR (1) FR2951314A1 (en)

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JP7004027B2 (en) 2020-06-18 2022-01-21 株式会社明電舎 Vacuum interrupters and vacuum circuit breakers

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20110084117A1 (en) 2011-04-14
US8181842B2 (en) 2012-05-22
EP2309527A2 (en) 2011-04-13
CN102039461A (en) 2011-05-04
FR2951314A1 (en) 2011-04-15
CN102039461B (en) 2016-03-16
EP2309527A3 (en) 2012-08-29

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