EP2309527A2 - Device for joining by welding of a cover on end of cylinder body and vacuum bulb having such a device - Google Patents

Device for joining by welding of a cover on end of cylinder body and vacuum bulb having such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2309527A2
EP2309527A2 EP10354048A EP10354048A EP2309527A2 EP 2309527 A2 EP2309527 A2 EP 2309527A2 EP 10354048 A EP10354048 A EP 10354048A EP 10354048 A EP10354048 A EP 10354048A EP 2309527 A2 EP2309527 A2 EP 2309527A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cover
cylindrical body
end surface
plane
hood
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10354048A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2309527A3 (en
EP2309527B1 (en
Inventor
Hans Schellekens
Marie-Françoise Devismes
Dominique Mazzucchi
Olga Kozlova
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2309527A2 publication Critical patent/EP2309527A2/en
Publication of EP2309527A3 publication Critical patent/EP2309527A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2309527B1 publication Critical patent/EP2309527B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/66215—Details relating to the soldering or brazing of vacuum switch housings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an assembly device by brazing an end cap on a cylindrical body, said end cap having a circular peripheral edge through which said cap is brazed on a part of one of the surfaces of end of the cylindrical body, and a vacuum bulb assembled by means of such an assembly device.
  • One of the problems related to the assembly by brazing of parts of different types, such as a ceramic part with a metal part for example, is related to the appearance of residual stresses in this assembly mainly due to the difference of coefficients of expansion of the materials to be assembled. These residual stresses can lead, in the short or long term, to cracking of the assembly.
  • Brazing of the reactive type provides a mechanical strength which is 20% lower than conventional brazing. Thus, this type of brazing is more difficult to achieve on a design of the bulb as described in the patent cited above.
  • the present invention solves these problems and proposes an assembly device by brazing a cover on a cylindrical body providing improved mechanical strength between the two parts, making it possible in particular to produce between the two parts a brazing of the reactive type, as well as a vacuum bulb assembled according to this device.
  • the subject of the present invention is a brazing assembly device of the kind mentioned above, this device being characterized in that the aforementioned hood is shaped so that the circular peripheral portion of the aforementioned hood exerts on less than one third of the aforementioned end surface of the cylindrical body, after brazing, a compressive force.
  • said cover comprises, after its brazed portion on the cylindrical body and in the direction of the central axis of the cylindrical body, a first portion offset relative to the aforementioned end surface of the cylindrical body, towards the outside of the cylindrical body, this first part being followed by a second part extending inside the cylindrical body, said first and second parts extending all around the axis of the bulb.
  • the first part comprises a portion extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical body and constituting the outer wall of the cover
  • the second part comprises a portion extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb and constituting the inner wall of the hood.
  • the depth of the second part of the hood measured between the plane of the end surface of the hood and the plane of the outer surface of the portion constituting the inside wall of the aforementioned hood, is greater than 6 mm, and the height of the first part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the inner surface of said first said portion constituting the outer wall of the cover, is less than 2mm.
  • this height is greater than 0.5 mm.
  • the depth of the second part of the cover measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the outer surface of the portion constituting the inner wall of the aforementioned cover, is arbitrary, and in that that the height of the first part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the inner surface of said first said portion constituting the outer wall of the cover, is greater than 2mm.
  • the thickness E of the hood is less than 2.5 mm.
  • the hood is brazed flat on the end surface of the cylindrical body.
  • the cover comprises, starting from the outer peripheral edge, an end portion, said first portion brazed flat on the end surface of the body of the bulb, extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb, followed by a so-called second portion, inclined relative to this first portion of an angle ⁇ , which inclined portion is followed by a portion said third extending parallel to the first, which third portion is followed by another portion said fourth portion inclined relative to the preceding, an angle ⁇ between 90 ° and 180 °, which is followed by a last portion said fifth extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb.
  • the angle ⁇ is between 55 ° and 125 °.
  • the so-called first zone of the end surface of the cylindrical body which zone is situated between each peripheral edge of said surface and the edge situated on the same side with respect to the end of the hood, of the surface of the brazing on said end surface is greater than 1 mm in length.
  • this device comprises a means for preventing the solder from creating bonds in an area of the end surface of the cap, called the second zone, situated opposite the aforementioned said first zone of the end surface of the cylindrical body.
  • the so-called first zone is covered with an anti-wetting agent or the zone, called the second zone, is covered with a localized oxidation, in order to prevent the solder from creating bonds in this latter zone.
  • the solder is set back from the area where the brazing fillet should be located, the length of this withdrawal being a function of the diffusion rate of the solder at the soldering temperature and the time of soldering. brazing, so that at the end of brazing, said solder does not extend beyond the contact surface between the end surface of the cap and the end surface of the cylindrical body.
  • the soldering is of the reactive type.
  • Another subject of the present invention is a vacuum interrupter comprising a solder assembly device, comprising the previously mentioned characteristics taken alone or in combination.
  • a vacuum bulb A comprising, in a manner known per se, a cylindrical body 1 made of ceramic closed by two end caps 2, 3 of metal, one of which 2, said first, comprises a sealing bellows 4 mounted around an actuating rod 5 supporting the movable contact 6 of the bulb.
  • the fixed contact 7 of the bulb A is supported by a rod 8 fixed to the second end cap 3.
  • the two end caps 2, 3 are respectively assembled on the two end surfaces 9, 10 of the cylindrical body at means of an assembly device according to the invention.
  • each end cap 2,3 is brazed to the corresponding end surface 9, 10 of the body and is shaped so that said hood presses on the cylindrical body on the largest contact (or brazing) surface 11 between said cover and said end surface.
  • the end cap 3 comprises a first part C offset from the aforementioned end surface 10 of the cylindrical body 1 towards the outside of the cylindrical body, this first part C being followed by a second part D plunging inside the cylindrical body 1.
  • This hood 3 comprises, starting from the outer peripheral edge 12 to the center 13, a so-called first end portion 14, brazed flat on the end surface 10 of the body 1 of the bulb, said portion extending along a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the bulb, followed by a so-called second portion 15 inclined relative to this first portion 14 of an angle ⁇ , which inclined portion 15 is followed by a portion said third 16 extending parallel to the first and constituting the outer surface of the cover 3, which portion 16 is followed by another portion 17 said fourth inclined relative to the previous, an angle ⁇ between 90 ° and 180 °, which is followed by a last portion 18 said fifth, extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis of the bulb constituting the inner wall of the cover and also the central part of the cover, the angle ß being advantageously between 55 ° e t 125 °.
  • the depth H1 of the second part D of the cover 3, measured between the plane of the brazing surface 11 situated on the end surface 19 of the cover or on that of the cylindrical body, and the plane of the outer surface 18a of the said portion 18 fifth of the cover, is greater than 6 mm.
  • the height H2 of the first portion C of the cover 3 measured between the brazing surface 11 and the surface 16a directed towards the interior of the bulb A, of the aforesaid third portion 16, is less than 2 mm.
  • the solder must not go back on the hood, which imposes a minimum clearance height of 0.5min H2min.
  • H1 and H2 make it possible to absorb the stresses by plastic deformation as much as possible in order to induce the least possible stresses in the ceramic.
  • values of depth and height are necessary to obtain a compression effect on the body of the bulb over the largest possible area of the brazing surface.
  • the thickness E of the cover is advantageously less than 2.5 mm.
  • the wetting angle on the ceramic is advantageously ⁇ 90 °.
  • the angle of clearance of the cover ⁇ is advantageously between 55 ° and 125 °, which prevents the rise of the solder along the cover.
  • the hood shall be centered on the ceramic and be located at a sufficient distance from the edges of the ceramic body, so that solder fades 11a, 11b, which correspond to the ends of the brazed joints, are located in areas where the assembly is subject to reduced residual stresses.
  • the distance A between each edge 23 of the brazing surface 11 and the edge 22 situated on the same side of the end surface 10 of the body 1 of the ceramic is advantageously greater than 1 mm.
  • the solder is set back from the area where the brazing fillet will be located, the length of this withdrawal being dependent on the diffusion rate of the solder at the temperature. brazing.
  • the diffusion rate of the solder is of the order of one micron / second.
  • the solder will be offset by about 1 mm with respect to each end of the brazing surface.
  • the cover has been designed so that the brazing surface is located in an area subjected to constraints mainly in compression so that the cracks, if they start, can not propagate in the material.
  • fragile that is to say the ceramic. Indeed, if a crack starts in an area of the assembly subjected to tensile forces, it can spread, whereas if it starts in an area subjected to compression forces, it does not spread .
  • the brazing fades 11a, 11b are points of the assembly from which the cracks can begin. It is therefore important to design the assembly so that these brazing fades are located in areas subject to the lowest possible stresses and, preferably, in compression so that the cracks, if they start, can not occur. propagate in the fragile material, that is to say the ceramic. Indeed, if a crack starts in an area of the assembly "in traction", it can spread and lead to a break, whereas if it starts in a zone in compression, it does not spread.
  • This problem has been solved according to the invention, either by shifting the solder, relative to the place where it must be located, depending on the diffusion rate of the solder and the soldering time, or by providing an anti- wetting on the cylindrical body, a localized oxidation on a hood area, or a combination of these three solutions.
  • the present invention therefore proposes an assembly design that minimizes the stresses and locates them in areas where the cracks, if they are initiated, can not propagate.
  • the present invention therefore makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength of a brazing assembly such as the assembly of a metal with an oxide ceramic, so as to reduce the scrap rates and to provide an improvement in cases where the stresses of use are more severe (especially in case of over-molding, ).
  • This makes it possible to use a brazing of the reactive type which, in known manner, provides a lower mechanical strength than the conventional brazing.
  • the invention applies to the assembly of vacuum bulbs and, in general to all assemblies that require a good seal throughout their service life.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated which have been given by way of example.

Abstract

The device has an end cover (3) comprising a part (C) that is offset with respect to an end surface (10) of a cylindrical body (1) in a direction of outside of the body, after the part is brazed onto the body and in a direction of central axis of the body. The part is followed by another part (D) extending inside the body. The parts extend around an axis of the cover. The cover is shaped in such a way that a circular peripheral part of the cover exerts a compressive stress on one third of the end surface of the body after brazing. Thickness of the cover is smaller than 2.5 mm.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'assemblage par brasage d'un capot d'extrémité sur un corps cylindrique, ledit capot d'extrémité présentant un bord périphérique circulaire par lequel ledit capot est brasé sur une partie de l'une des surfaces d'extrémité du corps cylindrique, ainsi qu'une ampoule à vide assemblée au moyen d'un tel dispositif d'assemblage.The present invention relates to an assembly device by brazing an end cap on a cylindrical body, said end cap having a circular peripheral edge through which said cap is brazed on a part of one of the surfaces of end of the cylindrical body, and a vacuum bulb assembled by means of such an assembly device.

L'une des problématiques liées à l'assemblage par brasage au four de pièces de nature différente, telles une pièce en céramique avec une pièce métallique par exemple, est liée à l'apparition de contraintes résiduelles dans cet assemblage principalement dues à la différence des coefficients de dilatation des matériaux à assembler. Ces contraintes résiduelles peuvent conduire, à court ou long terme, à une fissuration de l'assemblage.One of the problems related to the assembly by brazing of parts of different types, such as a ceramic part with a metal part for example, is related to the appearance of residual stresses in this assembly mainly due to the difference of coefficients of expansion of the materials to be assembled. These residual stresses can lead, in the short or long term, to cracking of the assembly.

On connaît le document US 4 436 241 décrivant une ampoule à vide, la dite ampoule à vide comportant un corps cylindrique en céramique fermée à ses deux extrémités opposées par un capot d'extrémité en acier. Ces deux capots d'extrémité présentent chacun une forme de cuve comportant un bord circulaire libre, par lesquels bords lesdits capots sont brasés en bout chacun sur une surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique.We know the document US 4,436,241 describing a vacuum interrupter, said vacuum bulb having a cylindrical ceramic body closed at both opposite ends thereof by a steel end cap. These two end caps each have a bowl shape having a free circular edge, by which edges said caps are buttressed each on an end surface of the cylindrical body.

Le brasage du type réactif procure une tenue mécanique qui est 20% inférieur au brasage classique. Ainsi, ce type de brasage est plus difficile à réaliser sur une conception de l'ampoule telle que décrite dans le brevet précédemment cité.Brazing of the reactive type provides a mechanical strength which is 20% lower than conventional brazing. Thus, this type of brazing is more difficult to achieve on a design of the bulb as described in the patent cited above.

La présente invention résout ces problèmes et propose un dispositif d'assemblage par brasage d'un capot sur un corps cylindrique offrant une tenue mécanique améliorée entre les deux pièces, permettant notamment de réaliser entre les deux pièces un brasage du type réactif, ainsi qu'une ampoule à vide assemblée suivant ce dispositif.The present invention solves these problems and proposes an assembly device by brazing a cover on a cylindrical body providing improved mechanical strength between the two parts, making it possible in particular to produce between the two parts a brazing of the reactive type, as well as a vacuum bulb assembled according to this device.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet un dispositif d'assemblage par brasage du genre précédemment mentionné, ce dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que le capot précité est conformé de manière que la partie périphérique circulaire du capot précitée exerce sur au moins un tiers de la surface d'extrémité précitée du corps cylindrique, après le brasage, un effort de compression.For this purpose, the subject of the present invention is a brazing assembly device of the kind mentioned above, this device being characterized in that the aforementioned hood is shaped so that the circular peripheral portion of the aforementioned hood exerts on less than one third of the aforementioned end surface of the cylindrical body, after brazing, a compressive force.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, ledit capot comporte, après sa partie brasée sur le corps cylindrique et en direction de l'axe central du corps cylindrique, une première partie décalée par rapport à la surface d'extrémité précitée du corps cylindrique, en direction de l'extérieur du corps cylindrique, cette première partie étant suivie d'une seconde partie s'étendant à l'intérieur du corps cylindrique, lesdites première et seconde parties s'étendant tout autour de l'axe de l'ampoule.According to a particular characteristic, said cover comprises, after its brazed portion on the cylindrical body and in the direction of the central axis of the cylindrical body, a first portion offset relative to the aforementioned end surface of the cylindrical body, towards the outside of the cylindrical body, this first part being followed by a second part extending inside the cylindrical body, said first and second parts extending all around the axis of the bulb.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, la première partie comporte une portion s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe du corps cylindrique et constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, et la seconde partie comporte une portion s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe de l'ampoule et constituant la paroi intérieure du capot.According to a particular characteristic, the first part comprises a portion extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical body and constituting the outer wall of the cover, and the second part comprises a portion extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb and constituting the inner wall of the hood.

Selon une réalisation particulière, la profondeur de la seconde partie du capot, mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité du capot et le plan de la surface extérieure de la portion constituant la paroi intérieure du capot précité, est supérieure à 6mm, et la hauteur de la première partie du capot, mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité du capot et le plan de la surface intérieure de la portion dite première précitée constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, est inférieure à 2mm.According to a particular embodiment, the depth of the second part of the hood, measured between the plane of the end surface of the hood and the plane of the outer surface of the portion constituting the inside wall of the aforementioned hood, is greater than 6 mm, and the height of the first part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the inner surface of said first said portion constituting the outer wall of the cover, is less than 2mm.

Avantageusement, cette hauteur est supérieure à 0,5 mm.Advantageously, this height is greater than 0.5 mm.

Selon une autre réalisation, la profondeur de la seconde partie du capot, mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité du capot et le plan de la surface extérieure de la portion constituant la paroi intérieure du capot précité, est quelconque, et en ce que la hauteur de la première partie du capot, mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité du capot et le plan de la surface intérieure de la portion dite première précitée constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, est supérieure à 2mm.According to another embodiment, the depth of the second part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the outer surface of the portion constituting the inner wall of the aforementioned cover, is arbitrary, and in that that the height of the first part of the cover, measured between the plane of the end surface of the cover and the plane of the inner surface of said first said portion constituting the outer wall of the cover, is greater than 2mm.

Selon une autre caractéristique, l'épaisseur E du capot est inférieure à 2,5mm..According to another characteristic, the thickness E of the hood is less than 2.5 mm.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le capot est brasé à plat sur la surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique.According to another characteristic, the hood is brazed flat on the end surface of the cylindrical body.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, le capot comporte, en partant du bord périphérique extérieur, une portion d'extrémité dite première portion brasée à plat sur la surface d'extrémité du corps de l'ampoule, s'étendant suivant un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe de l'ampoule, suivie d'une portion dite seconde, inclinée par rapport à cette première portion d'un angle ß, laquelle portion inclinée est suivie d'une portion dite troisième s'étendant parallèlement à la première, laquelle troisième portion est suivie d'une autre portion dite quatrième portion inclinée par rapport à la précédente, d'un angle α compris entre 90° et 180°, laquelle est suivie d'une dernière portion dite cinquième s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe de l'ampoule.According to one particular characteristic, the cover comprises, starting from the outer peripheral edge, an end portion, said first portion brazed flat on the end surface of the body of the bulb, extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb, followed by a so-called second portion, inclined relative to this first portion of an angle β, which inclined portion is followed by a portion said third extending parallel to the first, which third portion is followed by another portion said fourth portion inclined relative to the preceding, an angle α between 90 ° and 180 °, which is followed by a last portion said fifth extending substantially perpendicular to the axis of the bulb.

Selon une autre caractéristique, l'angle ß est compris entre 55° et 125°.According to another characteristic, the angle β is between 55 ° and 125 °.

Selon une autre caractéristique, la zone dite première de la surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique, laquelle zone étant située entre chaque bord périphérique de ladite surface et le bord situé du même côté par rapport à l'extrémité du capot, de la surface de brasage située sur ladite surface d'extrémité, est d'une longueur supérieure à 1 mm.According to another characteristic, the so-called first zone of the end surface of the cylindrical body, which zone is situated between each peripheral edge of said surface and the edge situated on the same side with respect to the end of the hood, of the surface of the brazing on said end surface is greater than 1 mm in length.

Selon une autre caractéristique, ce dispositif comporte un moyen pour empêcher la brasure de créer des liaisons dans une zone de la surface d'extrémité du capot, dite seconde zone, située en regard de la zone dite première précitée de la surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique.According to another characteristic, this device comprises a means for preventing the solder from creating bonds in an area of the end surface of the cap, called the second zone, situated opposite the aforementioned said first zone of the end surface of the cylindrical body.

Selon une réalisation particulière, la zone dite première est recouverte d'un anti-mouillant ou la zone, dite seconde zone, est recouverte d'une oxydation localisée, afin d'empêcher la brasure de créer des liaisons dans cette dernière zone.According to a particular embodiment, the so-called first zone is covered with an anti-wetting agent or the zone, called the second zone, is covered with a localized oxidation, in order to prevent the solder from creating bonds in this latter zone.

Selon une autre caractéristique, la brasure est placée en retrait par rapport à la zone où doit venir se situer le congé de brasure, la longueur de ce retrait étant fonction de la vitesse de diffusion de la brasure à la température de brasage et du temps de brasage, de façon qu'à la fin du brasage, ladite brasure ne s'étende pas au-delà de la surface de contact entre la surface d'extrémité du capot et la surface d'extrémité du corps cylindrique.According to another feature, the solder is set back from the area where the brazing fillet should be located, the length of this withdrawal being a function of the diffusion rate of the solder at the soldering temperature and the time of soldering. brazing, so that at the end of brazing, said solder does not extend beyond the contact surface between the end surface of the cap and the end surface of the cylindrical body.

Selon une caractéristique particulière, le brasage réalisé est du type réactif.According to a particular characteristic, the soldering is of the reactive type.

La présente invention a encore pour objet une ampoule à vide comportant un dispositif d'assemblage par brasage, comportant les caractéristiques précédemment mentionnées prises seules ou en combinaison.Another subject of the present invention is a vacuum interrupter comprising a solder assembly device, comprising the previously mentioned characteristics taken alone or in combination.

Mais d'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront mieux dans la description détaillée qui suit et se réfère aux dessins annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple et dans lesquels :

  • La fig.1 est une vue en coupe schématique d'une ampoule à vide selon l'invention,
  • La fig.2 est une vue partielle en coupe, illustrant l'assemblage d'un capot d'extrémité sur une ampoule selon une réalisation particulière du dispositif de l'invention, et
  • La fig.3 est une vue de détail, illustrant une brasure réalisée entre un capot d'extrémité et un corps cylindrique selon une réalisation du dispositif selon l'invention,
But other advantages and features of the invention will become more apparent in the detailed description which follows and refers to the accompanying drawings given solely by way of example and in which:
  • The fig.1 is a schematic sectional view of a vacuum interrupter according to the invention,
  • The fig.2 is a partial sectional view, illustrating the assembly of an end cap on an ampoule according to a particular embodiment of the device of the invention, and
  • The fig.3 is a detail view, illustrating a solder produced between an end cap and a cylindrical body according to an embodiment of the device according to the invention,

Sur la figure 1, on voit une ampoule à vide A comportant, de manière connue en soi, un corps cylindrique 1 en céramique fermé par deux capots d'extrémité 2,3 en métal, dont l'un 2, dit premier, comporte un soufflet d'étanchéité 4 monté autour d'une tige d'actionnement 5 supportant le contact mobile 6 de l'ampoule. Le contact fixe 7 de l'ampoule A est supporté par une tige 8 fixée au second capot d'extrémité 3. Les deux capots d'extrémité 2,3 sont assemblés respectivement sur les deux surfaces d'extrémité 9,10 du corps cylindrique au moyen d'un dispositif d'assemblage selon l'invention.On the figure 1 , we see a vacuum bulb A comprising, in a manner known per se, a cylindrical body 1 made of ceramic closed by two end caps 2, 3 of metal, one of which 2, said first, comprises a sealing bellows 4 mounted around an actuating rod 5 supporting the movable contact 6 of the bulb. The fixed contact 7 of the bulb A is supported by a rod 8 fixed to the second end cap 3. The two end caps 2, 3 are respectively assembled on the two end surfaces 9, 10 of the cylindrical body at means of an assembly device according to the invention.

Selon ce dispositif de l'invention, chaque capot d'extrémité 2,3 est brasé sur la surface d'extrémité 9, 10 correspondante du corps et est conformé de manière que ledit capot exerce une compression sur le corps cylindrique sur la plus grande surface de contact (ou de brasage 11) entre ledit capot et ladite surface d'extrémité.According to this device of the invention, each end cap 2,3 is brazed to the corresponding end surface 9, 10 of the body and is shaped so that said hood presses on the cylindrical body on the largest contact (or brazing) surface 11 between said cover and said end surface.

Selon une réalisation particulière de l'invention illustrée sur la figure 2, le capot d'extrémité 3 comporte, une première partie C décalée par rapport à la surface d'extrémité précitée 10 du corps cylindrique 1, en direction de l'extérieur du corps cylindrique, cette première partie C étant suivie d'une seconde partie D plongeant à l'intérieur du corps cylindrique 1.According to a particular embodiment of the invention illustrated on the figure 2 , the end cap 3 comprises a first part C offset from the aforementioned end surface 10 of the cylindrical body 1 towards the outside of the cylindrical body, this first part C being followed by a second part D plunging inside the cylindrical body 1.

Ce capot 3 comporte, en partant du bord périphérique extérieur 12 jusqu'au centre 13, une portion d'extrémité dite première 14, brasée à plat sur la surface d'extrémité 10 du corps 1 de l'ampoule, ladite portion s'étendant suivant un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe X de l'ampoule, suivie d'une portion dite seconde 15 inclinée par rapport à cette première portion 14 d'un angle ß, laquelle portion inclinée 15 est suivie d'une portion dite troisième 16 s'étendant parallèlement à la première et constituant la surface extérieure du capot 3, laquelle portion 16 est suivie d'une autre portion 17 dite quatrième inclinée par rapport à la précédente, d'un angle α compris entre 90° et 180°, laquelle est suivie d'une dernière portion 18 dite cinquième, s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe de l'ampoule constituant la paroi intérieure du capot et également la partie centrale du capot, l'angle ß étant compris avantageusement entre 55° et 125°.This hood 3 comprises, starting from the outer peripheral edge 12 to the center 13, a so-called first end portion 14, brazed flat on the end surface 10 of the body 1 of the bulb, said portion extending along a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the bulb, followed by a so-called second portion 15 inclined relative to this first portion 14 of an angle β, which inclined portion 15 is followed by a portion said third 16 extending parallel to the first and constituting the outer surface of the cover 3, which portion 16 is followed by another portion 17 said fourth inclined relative to the previous, an angle α between 90 ° and 180 °, which is followed by a last portion 18 said fifth, extending substantially perpendicularly to the axis of the bulb constituting the inner wall of the cover and also the central part of the cover, the angle ß being advantageously between 55 ° e t 125 °.

La profondeur H1 de la seconde partie D du capot 3, mesurée entre le plan de la surface de brasage 11 située sur la surface d'extrémité 19 du capot ou sur celle 10 du corps cylindrique, et le plan de la surface extérieure 18a de la portion 18 dite cinquième du capot, est supérieure à 6 mm. La hauteur H2 de la première partie C du capot 3 mesurée entre la surface de brasage 11 et la surface 16a dirigée vers l'intérieure de l'ampoule A, de la troisième portion précitée 16, est inférieure à 2 mm. Cependant, la brasure ne doit pas remonter sur le capot, ce qui impose une hauteur de dégagement minimale H2min de 0,5mm.The depth H1 of the second part D of the cover 3, measured between the plane of the brazing surface 11 situated on the end surface 19 of the cover or on that of the cylindrical body, and the plane of the outer surface 18a of the said portion 18 fifth of the cover, is greater than 6 mm. The height H2 of the first portion C of the cover 3 measured between the brazing surface 11 and the surface 16a directed towards the interior of the bulb A, of the aforesaid third portion 16, is less than 2 mm. However, the solder must not go back on the hood, which imposes a minimum clearance height of 0.5min H2min.

Ces valeurs de H1 et H2 permettent d'absorber au maximum les contraintes par déformation plastique pour induire le moins de contraintes possibles dans la céramique. Ces valeurs de la profondeur et de la hauteur sont nécessaires pour l'obtention d'un effet de compression sur le corps de l'ampoule sur la plus grande zone possible de la surface de brasage.These values of H1 and H2 make it possible to absorb the stresses by plastic deformation as much as possible in order to induce the least possible stresses in the ceramic. These values of depth and height are necessary to obtain a compression effect on the body of the bulb over the largest possible area of the brazing surface.

Selon une autre solution avantageuse permettant d'obtenir les mêmes résultats, H2>2 mm et H1 quelconque.According to another advantageous solution for obtaining the same results, H2> 2 mm and any H1.

L'épaisseur E du capot est avantageusement inférieure à 2,5 mm.The thickness E of the cover is advantageously less than 2.5 mm.

L'angle de mouillage sur la céramique est avantageusement <90°. Il en résulte que l'angle de dégagement du capot ß sera avantageusement compris entre 55° et 125°, ce qui permet d'empêcher la remontée de la brasure le long du capot.The wetting angle on the ceramic is advantageously <90 °. As a result, the angle of clearance of the cover β is advantageously between 55 ° and 125 °, which prevents the rise of the solder along the cover.

Le capot doit être centré sur la céramique et se situer à une distance suffisante des bords du corps en céramique, de façon que les congés de brasure 11a,11b, qui correspondent aux extrémités des joints brasés, soient situés dans des zones où l'assemblage est soumis à des contraintes résiduelles réduites.The hood shall be centered on the ceramic and be located at a sufficient distance from the edges of the ceramic body, so that solder fades 11a, 11b, which correspond to the ends of the brazed joints, are located in areas where the assembly is subject to reduced residual stresses.

Avantageusement, tel qu'illustré sur la figure 3, la distance A entre chaque bord 23 de la surface de brasage 11 et le bord 22 situé du même côté de la surface d'extrémité 10 du corps 1 de la céramique est avantageusement supérieure à 1 mm..Advantageously, as illustrated on the figure 3 the distance A between each edge 23 of the brazing surface 11 and the edge 22 situated on the same side of the end surface 10 of the body 1 of the ceramic is advantageously greater than 1 mm.

Selon une première réalisation, lors de l'assemblage, la brasure est placée en retrait par rapport à la zone où devra venir se situer le congé de brasure, la longueur de ce retrait étant dépendante de la vitesse de diffusion de la brasure à la température de brasage.According to a first embodiment, during assembly, the solder is set back from the area where the brazing fillet will be located, the length of this withdrawal being dependent on the diffusion rate of the solder at the temperature. brazing.

Dans le cas d'un brasage à 850°C± 30°C, la vitesse de diffusion de la brasure est de l'ordre du micron/seconde. Ainsi, pour un brasage d'une dizaine de minutes, la brasure sera décalée d'environ 1mm par rapport à chaque extrémité de la surface de brasage.In the case of brazing at 850 ° C. ± 30 ° C., the diffusion rate of the solder is of the order of one micron / second. Thus, for a soldering of about ten minutes, the solder will be offset by about 1 mm with respect to each end of the brazing surface.

D'autres solutions peuvent être utilisées telles que l'utilisation d'une solution anti-mouillante déposée sur la zone A de la surface d'extrémité 10 du corps cylindrique 1 ou bien la réalisation d'une oxydation localisée, sur une zone B (figure 3) de la surface d'extrémité 19 du capot 3, ladite zone B étant située entre l'extrémité 20 de la surface de brasage 11 et le bord 21 correspondant de la surface d'extrémité 19 du capot 3, de façon à empêcher la brasure de créer des liaisons dans les zones du corps en céramique qui subissent des efforts de traction.Other solutions may be used such as the use of an anti-wetting solution deposited on the zone A of the end surface 10 of the cylindrical body 1 or the realization of a localized oxidation, on a zone B ( figure 3 ) of the end surface 19 of the cover 3, said zone B being located between the end 20 of the brazing surface 11 and the corresponding edge 21 of the end surface 19 of the cover 3, so as to prevent soldering to create bonds in areas of the ceramic body that undergo tensile stresses.

Le fait de prévoir un dégagement d'une hauteur H2 comprise entre 0,5 et 2 mm, et un angle ß compris entre 55° et 125° pour la réalisation décrite sur la figure 2, permet d'empêcher la brasure de remonter le long du capot.Providing a clearance of a height H2 of between 0.5 and 2 mm, and an angle β of between 55 ° and 125 ° for the embodiment described in FIG. figure 2 , prevents the solder from rising along the hood.

Ainsi, selon l'invention, le capot a été conçu de manière que la surface de brasage soit située dans une zone soumise à des contraintes principalement en compression afin que les fissures, si elles s'amorcent, ne puissent pas se propager dans le matériau fragile c'est-à-dire la céramique. En effet, si une fissure s'amorce dans une zone de l'assemblage soumise à des efforts de traction, elle peut se propager, alors que si elle s'amorce dans une zone soumise à des efforts de compression, elle ne se propage pas.Thus, according to the invention, the cover has been designed so that the brazing surface is located in an area subjected to constraints mainly in compression so that the cracks, if they start, can not propagate in the material. fragile that is to say the ceramic. Indeed, if a crack starts in an area of the assembly subjected to tensile forces, it can spread, whereas if it starts in an area subjected to compression forces, it does not spread .

D'autre part, les congés de brasure 11a,11b (extrémités des joints brasés) sont des points de l'assemblage à partir desquels les fissures peuvent s'amorcer. Il est donc important de concevoir l'assemblage pour que ces congés de brasure soient situés dans des zones soumises à des contraintes le plus faible possibles et, de préférence, en compression afin que les fissures, si elles s'amorcent, ne puissent pas se propager dans le matériau fragile, c'est-à-dire la céramique. En effet, si une fissure s'amorce dans une zone de l'assemblage « en traction », elle peut se propager et conduire à une rupture, alors que si elle s'amorce dans une zone en compression, elle ne se propage pas. Ce problème a été résolu selon l'invention, soit en décalant la brasure, par rapport à l'endroit où elle doit se situer, en fonction de la vitesse de diffusion de la brasure et du temps de brasage, soit en prévoyant un anti-mouillant sur le corps cylindrique, soit une oxydation localisée sur une zone du capot, soit une combinaison de ces trois solutions.On the other hand, the brazing fades 11a, 11b (ends of the brazed joints) are points of the assembly from which the cracks can begin. It is therefore important to design the assembly so that these brazing fades are located in areas subject to the lowest possible stresses and, preferably, in compression so that the cracks, if they start, can not occur. propagate in the fragile material, that is to say the ceramic. Indeed, if a crack starts in an area of the assembly "in traction", it can spread and lead to a break, whereas if it starts in a zone in compression, it does not spread. This problem has been solved according to the invention, either by shifting the solder, relative to the place where it must be located, depending on the diffusion rate of the solder and the soldering time, or by providing an anti- wetting on the cylindrical body, a localized oxidation on a hood area, or a combination of these three solutions.

La présente invention propose donc une conception d'assemblage qui minimise les contraintes et les localise dans des zones où les fissures, si elles s'initient, ne peuvent pas se propager.The present invention therefore proposes an assembly design that minimizes the stresses and locates them in areas where the cracks, if they are initiated, can not propagate.

La présente invention permet donc d'améliorer la tenue mécanique d'un assemblage par brasage tel l'assemblage d'un métal avec une céramique oxyde, de manière à diminuer les taux de rebut et à apporter une amélioration dans les cas où les contraintes d'utilisation sont plus sévères (notamment en cas de surmoulage,...). Ce qui permet d'utiliser un brasage du type réactif qui, de manière connue, procure une tenue mécanique inférieure au brasage classique.The present invention therefore makes it possible to improve the mechanical strength of a brazing assembly such as the assembly of a metal with an oxide ceramic, so as to reduce the scrap rates and to provide an improvement in cases where the stresses of use are more severe (especially in case of over-molding, ...). This makes it possible to use a brazing of the reactive type which, in known manner, provides a lower mechanical strength than the conventional brazing.

L'invention s'applique à l'assemblage des ampoules à vide et, de manière générale à tous les assemblages qui requièrent une bonne étanchéité tout au long de leur durée de service. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisations décrits et illustrés qui n'ont été donnés qu'à titre d'exemple.The invention applies to the assembly of vacuum bulbs and, in general to all assemblies that require a good seal throughout their service life. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and illustrated which have been given by way of example.

Au contraire, l'invention comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci sont réalisées suivant son esprit.On the contrary, the invention comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if they are carried out according to its spirit.

Claims (15)

Dispositif d'assemblage par brasage d'un capot d'extrémité sur un corps cylindrique, ledit capot d'extrémité présentant un bord périphérique circulaire par lequel ledit capot est brasé sur une partie de l'une des surfaces d'extrémité du corps cylindrique, caractérisé en ce que ledit capot (3) comporte après sa partie brasée sur le corps cylindrique et, en direction de l'axe central du corps cylindrique, une première partie C décalée par rapport à la surface d'extrémité précitée (10) du corps cylindrique (1), en direction de l'extérieur du corps cylindrique, cette première partie C étant suivie d'une seconde partie D s'étendant à l'intérieur du corps cylindrique (1), lesdites première et seconde parties s'étendant tout autour de l'axe de l'ampoule, le capot précité (3) étant conformé de manière que la partie périphérique circulaire du capot précité exerce sur au moins un tiers de la surface d'extrémité précitée (10) du corps cylindrique (1), après le brasage, un effort de compression.An assembly device by soldering an end cap to a cylindrical body, said end cap having a circular peripheral edge through which said cap is brazed to a portion of one of the end surfaces of the cylindrical body, characterized in that said cover (3) has after its brazed portion on the cylindrical body and, in the direction of the central axis of the cylindrical body, a first portion C offset from the aforementioned end surface (10) of the body cylindrical (1), towards the outside of the cylindrical body, this first part C being followed by a second part D extending inside the cylindrical body (1), said first and second parts extending all around the axis of the bulb, the aforementioned hood (3) being shaped so that the circular peripheral portion of the aforementioned hood exerts on at least one third of the aforementioned end surface (10) of the cylindrical body (1) , ap after brazing, a compressive force. Dispositif d'assemblage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la première partie C comporte une portion (14) s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe X du corps cylindrique et constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, et en ce que la seconde partie D comporte une portion (18) s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe X du corps cylindrique (1) et constituant la paroi intérieure du capot.Connecting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first portion C comprises a portion (14) extending substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the cylindrical body and constituting the outer wall of the hood, and in that the second Part D comprises a portion (18) extending substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the cylindrical body (1) and constituting the inner wall of the hood. Dispositif d'assemblage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la profondeur H1 de la seconde partie D du capot (3), mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité (19) du capot (3) et le plan de la surface extérieure (18a) de la portion constituant la paroi intérieure (18) du capot précité, est supérieure à 6mm, et en ce que la hauteur H2 de la première partie C du capot (3), mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité (19) du capot (3) et le plan de la surface intérieure (16a) de la portion (16) dite première précitée constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, est inférieure à 2mm.Connecting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the depth H1 of the second part D of the cover (3), measured between the plane of the end surface (19) of the cover (3) and the plane of the outer surface (18a) of the portion constituting the inner wall (18) of the aforementioned hood, is greater than 6mm, and in that the height H2 of the first portion C of the hood (3), measured between the plane of the surface of the end (19) of the cover (3) and the plane of the inner surface (16a) of the portion (16) said first said constituting the outer wall of the cover, is less than 2mm. Dispositif d'assemblage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la hauteur H2 de la première partie C du capot (3), mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité (19) du capot (3) et le plan de la surface intérieure (16a) de la portion (16) dite première précitée constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, est supérieure à 0,5 mm.Connecting device according to claim 3, characterized in that the height H2 of the first portion C of the cover (3), measured between the plane of the end surface (19) of the cover (3) and the plane of the inner surface (16a) of the aforesaid portion (16) constituting the outer wall of the cover, is greater than 0.5 mm. Dispositif d'assemblage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la profondeur H1 de la seconde partie D du capot (3), mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité (19) du capot (3) et le plan de la surface extérieure (18a) de la portion (18) constituant la paroi intérieure du capot précité, est quelconque, et en ce que la hauteur H2 de la première partie C du capot, mesurée entre le plan de la surface d'extrémité (19) du capot et le plan de la surface intérieure (16a) de la portion (16) dite première précitée constituant la paroi extérieure du capot, est supérieure à 2mm.Connecting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the depth H1 of the second part D of the cover (3), measured between the plane of the end surface (19) of the cover (3) and the plane of the outer surface (18a) of the portion (18) constituting the inner wall of the aforementioned hood, is any, and in that the height H2 of the first portion C of the hood, measured between the plane of the end surface (19) the cover and the plane of the inner surface (16a) of the portion (16) said first said constituting the outer wall of the cover, is greater than 2mm. Dispositif d'assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur E du capot est inférieure à 2,5mm.Assembly device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness E of the cover is less than 2.5 mm. Dispositif d'assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le capot (3) est brasé à plat sur la surface d'extrémité (10) du corps cylindrique (1).Connecting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (3) is brazed flat on the end surface (10) of the cylindrical body (1). Dispositif d'assemblage selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que le capot (3) comporte, en partant du bord périphérique extérieur (12), une portion d'extrémité (14) dite première portion, brasée à plat sur la surface d'extrémité (10) du corps (1), s'étendant suivant un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire à l'axe X du corps, suivie d'une portion dite seconde (15), inclinée par rapport à cette première portion (14) d'un angle ß, laquelle portion inclinée (15) est suivie d'une portion dite troisième (16) s'étendant parallèlement à la première, laquelle troisième portion (16) est suivie d'une autre portion dite quatrième portion (17) inclinée par rapport à la précédente, d'un angle α compris entre 90° et 180°, laquelle est suivie d'une dernière portion dite cinquième (18) s'étendant sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe X du corps cylindrique (1).Connecting device according to claim 7, characterized in that the cover (3) comprises, starting from the outer peripheral edge (12), an end portion (14), said first portion, brazed flat on the surface of end (10) of the body (1), extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the body, followed by a so-called second portion (15), inclined relative to this first portion (14) of a angle β, which inclined portion (15) is followed by a said third portion (16) extending parallel to the first, which third portion (16) is followed by another portion said fourth portion (17) inclined relative the previous, an angle α between 90 ° and 180 °, which is followed by a last said fifth portion (18) extending substantially perpendicular to the axis X of the cylindrical body (1). Dispositif d'assemblage selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'angle ß est compris entre 55° et 125°.Assembly device according to Claim 8, characterized in that the angle β is between 55 ° and 125 °. Dispositif d'assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la zone A dite première de la surface d'extrémité (10) du corps cylindrique (1), laquelle zone A étant située entre chaque bord périphérique (22) de ladite surface (10) et le bord (23) situé du même côté par rapport à l'extrémité du capot, de la surface de brasage (11) située sur ladite surface d'extrémité (10), est d'une longueur supérieure à 1 mm.Connecting device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the so-called first zone A of the end surface (10) of the cylindrical body (1), which zone A is situated between each peripheral edge (22) of said surface (10) and the edge (23) on the same side of the hood end of the brazing surface (11) on said end surface (10) being of longer length at 1 mm. Dispositif d'assemblage selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un moyen pour empêcher la brasure de créer des liaisons dans une zone B de la surface d'extrémité (19) du capot, dite seconde zone, située en regard de la zone A dite première précitée de la surface d'extrémité (10) du corps cylindrique (1).Joining device according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises means for preventing the solder from forming bonds in a zone B of the end surface (19) of the cover, referred to as the second zone, situated opposite the so-called first aforesaid area of the end surface (10) of the cylindrical body (1). Dispositif d'assemblage selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que la zone dite première A est recouverte d'un anti-mouillant ou la zone dite seconde précitée B, est recouverte d'une oxydation localisée, afin d'empêcher la brasure de créer des liaisons dans cette dernière zone.Assembly device according to Claim 11, characterized in that the so-called first zone A is covered with an anti-wetting agent or the so-called second said zone B is covered with a localized oxidation, in order to prevent the brazing from being created. links in this last zone. Dispositif d'assemblage selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que la brasure est placée en retrait par rapport à la zone où doit venir se situer le congé de brasure, la longueur de ce retrait étant fonction de la vitesse de diffusion de la brasure à la température de brasage et du temps de brasage, de façon qu'à la fin du brasage, ladite brasure ne s'étende pas au-delà de la surface de contact entre la surface d'extrémité (19) du capot (3) et la surface d'extrémité (10) du corps cylindrique (1).Connecting device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the solder is set back from the area where the solder fillet must be located, the length of this withdrawal being a function of the diffusion rate of the solder. at soldering temperature and brazing time, so that at the end of soldering, said solder does not extend beyond the contact surface between the end surface (19) of the cover (3). ) and the end surface (10) of the cylindrical body (1). Dispositif d'assemblage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le brasage réalisé est du type réactif.Assembly device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the soldering is of the reactive type. Ampoule à vide comportant un dispositif d'assemblage par brasage, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14.A vacuum bulb having a solder assembly as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14.
EP10354048.0A 2009-10-12 2010-09-13 Device for joining by welding of a cover on end of cylinder body and vacuum bulb having such a device Active EP2309527B1 (en)

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FR0904867A FR2951314A1 (en) 2009-10-12 2009-10-12 BRAKE ASSEMBLY DEVICE FOR AN END HOOD ON A CYLINDRICAL BODY AND A VACUUM BULB COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE

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US20110084117A1 (en) 2011-04-14
FR2951314A1 (en) 2011-04-15
EP2309527A3 (en) 2012-08-29
CN102039461B (en) 2016-03-16
US8181842B2 (en) 2012-05-22
EP2309527B1 (en) 2016-05-04
CN102039461A (en) 2011-05-04

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