EP2300846A1 - Détecteur spectral avec résolution angulaire utilisant des structures de réfraction et de réflexion - Google Patents

Détecteur spectral avec résolution angulaire utilisant des structures de réfraction et de réflexion

Info

Publication number
EP2300846A1
EP2300846A1 EP09766234A EP09766234A EP2300846A1 EP 2300846 A1 EP2300846 A1 EP 2300846A1 EP 09766234 A EP09766234 A EP 09766234A EP 09766234 A EP09766234 A EP 09766234A EP 2300846 A1 EP2300846 A1 EP 2300846A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
detector
incidence
optical
acceptance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09766234A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ties Van Bommel
Eduard J. Meijer
Rifat A. M. Hikmet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV filed Critical Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
Priority to EP09766234A priority Critical patent/EP2300846A1/fr
Publication of EP2300846A1 publication Critical patent/EP2300846A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
    • G01S3/78—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S3/782—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction
    • G01S3/783—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived from static detectors or detector systems
    • G01S3/784—Systems for determining direction or deviation from predetermined direction using amplitude comparison of signals derived from static detectors or detector systems using a mosaic of detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
    • G01J1/0411—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings using focussing or collimating elements, i.e. lenses or mirrors; Aberration correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
    • G01J1/0425—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings using optical fibers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G01J1/0407—Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. manifolds, windows, holograms, gratings
    • G01J1/0477—Prisms, wedges
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/04—Optical or mechanical part supplementary adjustable parts
    • G01J1/06—Restricting the angle of incident light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/4228—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors arrangements with two or more detectors, e.g. for sensitivity compensation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to optical measurements. Particularly, the present invention relates to a direction-sensitive light detector.
  • US Patent 4 625 108 discloses a hemispherical detector device, inside which optical fibres conduct light from the exterior surface of the device to optical sensors. The coverage angle of each optical fibre is restricted by means of a lens cap embedded in the body of the device. An evaluating circuit is adapted to determine the angle of incidence of the received optical radiation. Some additional fibre bundles are distributed among the optical fibres. Each fibre in such a bundle is led to a colour-filtered optical sensor, and using properly chosen filters it is possible to determine spectral properties of the light received in the direction of the bundle end. A minimal lens cap diameter is dictated by sensitivity requirements, a minimum number of fibres is dictated by precision requirements, hence the hemispherical portion of the device has a least possible radius.
  • Properties of light include, but are not limited to, intensity, colour point, colour rendering index, collimation, spectral distribution.
  • a detector which includes data processing means is also capable of providing information about related quantities. For instance, knowing the intensity of the light as a function of all incidence angles, the detector can determine the direction of the main light source in its field of view by a simple calculation.
  • a detector for receiving light impinging at a reception point and for measuring, for a plurality of angles of incidence, at least one property of the light.
  • the detector includes:
  • an optical conductor for conducting a light beam from the reception point to a particular light sensor, but only if the angle of incidence of the light beam belongs to the acceptance interval associated with the particular light sensor.
  • the optical conductor comprises a refractive element and a collimator.
  • the shape of the refractive element is such that, firstly, light beams which pass through the reception point are refracted in the acceptance direction of the collimator and, secondly, that light beams with separate angles of incidence will be conducted to separate light sensors.
  • the refractive element may have a spherically curved surface. To reduce optical aberration, it may also have a non- spherically curved surface.
  • a detector which determines an incidence angle with particularly high precision can be provided by using refractive elements with a conical shape.
  • the optical conductor includes a reflective element, which is more suitable in applications where the angles of incidence tend to be large. When small angles of incidence are expected, the refractive element option is more compact.
  • the shape of the reflective element has the same functional properties as the reflective element in the first embodiment.
  • the optical conductor includes a plurality of optical fibres. By the refractive properties of the fibres and the material surrounding them, the fibres conduct light to the light sensors from different regions of space. Optical fibres are light, size-economical and shock- proof. Moreover, they are highly directive and can be used to define an exact field of view.
  • a method for measuring, for a plurality of angles of incidence, at least one property of light impinging at a reception point includes: receiving light;
  • each light sensor is associated with an acceptance interval. At least two acceptance intervals are mutually different.
  • a light beam is conducted to a particular light sensor only if the angle of incidence of the light beam belongs to the acceptance interval associated with the particular light sensor.
  • figure 1 is a block diagram which illustrates a principle of operation of a detector according to the invention
  • figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a detector according to an embodiment of the invention, as seen in the plane defined by a light beam entering the detector, in which the light sensors are preceded by a spherical lens and a collimator
  • figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a detector according to another embodiment the invention, as seen in the plane defined by a light beam entering the detector, in which the light sensors are preceded by a non-spherical refractive element and a collimator
  • figure 4A is a cross-sectional view of a detector according to a further embodiment of the invention, in which the light sensors are preceded by conical refractive elements and a collimator, and also shows a side view of an alternative embodiment of this detector
  • figure 4B shows the path of light beams entering one of the conical refractive elements shown in figure 4A
  • figure 5 is a side view of a detector according
  • the term light will include any kind of electromagnetic radiation and light beam will mean a narrow projection of electromagnetic energy.
  • the detector is assumed to include a reception point 101, which is a point or - for reasons of optical aberrations or constructional constraints - a region in space with a finite extent.
  • the angle of incidence ⁇ of a light beam is measured at the point where the light beam enters the reception point.
  • the angle of incidence of a light beam may be defined with respect to an optical axis of a component of the detector, but may be defined with respect to a second reference direction as well, thereby yielding a two-component angle of incidence ( ⁇ i, ⁇ 2) consisting of, e.g., a polar and an azimuth angle.
  • ⁇ i, ⁇ 2 a two-component angle of incidence
  • the detector comprises a plurality of light sensors 120-1, 120-1, ..., 120-n, which may be separate devices, subparts of an array of sensors or portions of an integrated multi-pixel light sensor, but in any case independently readable.
  • each light sensor is associated with an acceptance interval ⁇ defining the angle of incidence which a light beam must have to reach the light sensor 120-k.
  • the acceptance interval may be a union of intervals.
  • the light is conducted to the light sensors by an angle-discriminating optical arrangement 110, which may functionally be considered as a device composed of three portions: one light beam splitter 111, a plurality of light conductors 112-1, 112-2, ..., 112-n and a plurality of filters 113-1, 113-2, ..., 113-n.
  • the characteristics of the filter 113-k is that it lets a light beam pass only if the light beam has an angle of incidence ⁇ in the acceptance interval Jk.
  • J 1 n J 2 but not in J 1 n J 3 , J 1 n J 4 , J 2 n J 3 , J 2 nJ 4 , J 3 nJ 4 , J 1 nJ 2 nJ 3 , J 1 nJ 3 nJ 4 , J 2 nJ 3 nJ 4 , J 1 nJ 2 nJ 4 or
  • n light sensors will make information available about 2 n -l intersections of acceptance intervals, which can of course be expressed as 2 n -l non-overlapping subintervals, or even in terms of the central angle of incidence in each subinterval.
  • a second kind of possible output from the detector is the angle of incidence corresponding to the maximal received power.
  • the light sensors are appropriately calibrated - to compensate unequal interval sizes, variable sensor characteristics and the like - in order to be homogeneous in the sense that the calibrated intensities represented by the signals can be interpolated.
  • the detector can also, thirdly, output an intensity map with respect to the angles of incidence.
  • the resolution of the map is related to the number of different acceptance intervals used and their positions.
  • the map may consist of steps of constant data levels, corresponding to intersections of acceptance intervals, but may also be generated by some kind of interpolation.
  • the light sensors may be colour sensitive or may be arranged in groups where they are preceded by different colour filters.
  • the intensity and colour point measured by each sensor or each group of sensors can be represented by a triple of signals denoting intensities of three base colours.
  • the detector can output, fourthly, a colour map with respect to the angles of incidence. Spectral measurements other than the colour point are indeed possible, for instance measurements of the colour rendering index.
  • the light sensors 230 are preceded by a spherical lens 210 and a collimator 220.
  • the collimator 220 prevents light beams from reaching the light sensors 230 unless the light beams have a predetermined direction (within a tolerance), which will subsequently be referred to as the acceptance direction of the collimator 220.
  • a collimator may for example consist of a light- absorbing slab perforated by a plurality of thin holes; the fineness of the holes determines the tolerance in this case. It is assumed for simplicity that the acceptance direction is the direction normal to the collimator 220 (although collimators with different acceptance directions are known in the art), which is the vertical direction on the drawing. Hence, only light beams normal to the collimator 220 will reach the light sensors 230 and be registered.
  • the spherical lens 210 is a converging lens, which refracts light beams passing through the focal point 211 of the lens into beams parallel to the optical axis 212. Only such light beams will be transmitted by the collimator 220 and reach the light sensors 230 beyond the collimator 220.
  • the focal point 211 is the reception point of the detector in accordance with this embodiment of the invention. Assuming that the medium that surrounds the lens is air, the focal point 211 is located on the optical axis 212 of the lens at an approximate distance of R/(n-l), where R is the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the lens 210 and n is the refractive index of the lens.
  • the acceptance interval of a light sensor is a narrow interval, the width of which is determined by the tolerance of the collimator 220 and which may only overlap with those of adjacent light sensors.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of a detector 300 according to another embodiment of the invention, which provides an alternative to that shown in figure 2.
  • the light sensors 330 are preceded by a reflective element 310 with a non-spherical surface and a collimator 320.
  • a reason for designing a detector with a non-spherical surface is that non-spherical lenses are less afflicted with optical aberration. Additionally, by avoiding steep angles of incidence, the light sensors on the fringe of the refractive element are utilised to a greater extent.
  • the refractive element may or may not possess a focal point; in either case the reception point (which is possibly extended in space) is located on the optical axis 312.
  • a polyhedron an element having at least one spherically curved surface and a toric lens.
  • Figure 4A shows, firstly, of a detector 410 according to a further embodiment of the invention and, secondly, of a detector 420 composed of three detectors 410-1, 410-2, 410-3, each of which is identical to the detector 410.
  • the light sensors 413 of the detector 410 are preceded by four conical refractive elements 411-1, 411-2, 411-3, 411-4 and a collimator 412.
  • the refractive elements 411 By the presence of the refractive elements 411, this embodiment resembles those shown in figures 2 and 3.
  • the detectors have three different inclination angles with respect to the frame of the instrument.
  • the use of an arrangement detectors 410, in which the light sensors 413 are preceded by different colour filters, is likewise envisaged.
  • Figure 4A is a cross-sectional view through the centres of the conical refractive elements 411.
  • Figure 4B is a cross-sectional view, which shows a flat base 434 of the conical element 431 and a curved lateral surface 435.
  • a line 436 corresponds to the symmetry axis of the conical element 431. It is assumed once more that the acceptance direction of the collimator is the normal direction.
  • the light sensor 433 after the conical refractive element 431 and collimator 432 receives light beams reaching the conical refractive element in such a direction that they are refracted in a substantially vertical direction in the figure.
  • the aperture angle of the cone is denoted by 2 ⁇ and its relative refractive index by n; the drawing shows an example where n>l.
  • a detector 500 in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to figure 5.
  • Light sensors 530 are preceded by a collimator 520, the acceptance direction of which is its normal direction, that is, the horizontal direction on the drawing.
  • a reflective element 510 To the left of the collimator there is provided a reflective element 510.
  • the reflective element 510 has been disposed in order that the predetermined direction is aligned with the acceptance direction of the collimator 520.
  • the focal point of the parabola is a reception point 511 of the detector 500.
  • Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention, namely a detector 600 which is an arrangement of two detectors 500-1, 500-2, each being identical to the detector 500 shown in figure 5.
  • each light sensor or subgroup of light sensors (not shown) is preceded by a transparent optical fibre 710.
  • Figure 7B is an end view of the detector 700 from the end which is adapted to receive light. The open ends of nine optical fibres 710-1, 710-2, 710-3 etc. are visible. As indicated, optical fibre 710-k has a refractive index of nk. The fibres 710 are surrounded by a cladding material 720 with a refractive index of no.
  • Figure 7 A is a cross- sectional view through the central axes of optical fibres 710-1, 710-2 and 710-3. The drawing is not to scale: a real optical fibre is very thin compared to its length.
  • an optical fibre surrounded by a cladding material having refractive indices ni and no, respectively, is characterised by its numerical aperture NA, which is defined by equation 2:
  • ne is a refractive index of the medium from which light enters the optical fibre and ⁇ m is the maximal acceptance angle.
  • Light beams entering the optical fibre at its centre under an angle less than or equal to ⁇ m such as light beam Bl in figure 7 A, undergo total reflection against the inner walls of the fibre, and will propagate without attenuation (apart from absorption in the fibre material).
  • a light beam having a greater angle of incidence than ⁇ m such as light beam B2 in figure 7A, will be partially reflected and partially transmitted past the fibre-cladding interface. Even though a small amount of energy may be lost (transmitted) at every reflection, the reflections typically occur so often that the amplitude of the light beam decreases significantly.
  • An optical fibre therefore has an acceptance interval which is determined by the refractive properties of its constituent materials. Because of rotational symmetry, the acceptance intervals depend only of the angle of incidence ⁇ , which is measured in the plane defined by the incident light beam and the optical axis of the fibre. Hence, the acceptance interval of an optical fibre is a cone around its optical axis.
  • Figure 7A shows an optical axis 721-1 of the optical fibre 710-1.
  • Light beam Bl lies in the acceptance interval, whereas light beam B2 does not.
  • the optical fibres 710 in the detector 700 have different refractive indices and, hence, different numerical apertures.
  • FIG 8 is an end view of a detector 800 according to an embodiment of the invention, which provides an alternative to the embodiment shown in figures 7A and 7B.
  • all optical fibres 810 consist of the same material having a refractive index of no.
  • the fibres 810 are surrounded by different cladding materials 820, which have refractive indices of ni, n 2 , ... , n 9 .
  • a group of four fibres is provided for each combination of a fibre material and a cladding material.
  • the fibres in a group may conduct light to up to four differently colour-filtered light sensors, which will accordingly have different spectral properties but identical acceptance intervals.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un détecteur pour recevoir une lumière incidente en un point de réception et pour mesurer, pour une pluralité d'angles d'incidence, au moins une propriété de la lumière. Le détecteur comprend une pluralité de capteurs de lumière, chacun d'entre eux étant associé à un intervalle d'acceptation (qui définit l'angle d'incidence avec laquelle un faisceau de lumière doit atteindre le capteur de lumière), et au moins deux intervalles d'acceptation étant différents l'un de l'autre. Le détecteur comprend de plus un conducteur optique pour conduire un faisceau de lumière du point de réception à un capteur de lumière particulier, mais uniquement si l'angle d'incidence du faisceau de lumière appartient à l'intervalle d'acceptation associé au capteur de lumière particulier.
EP09766234A 2008-06-16 2009-06-09 Détecteur spectral avec résolution angulaire utilisant des structures de réfraction et de réflexion Withdrawn EP2300846A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09766234A EP2300846A1 (fr) 2008-06-16 2009-06-09 Détecteur spectral avec résolution angulaire utilisant des structures de réfraction et de réflexion

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08104428 2008-06-16
EP09766234A EP2300846A1 (fr) 2008-06-16 2009-06-09 Détecteur spectral avec résolution angulaire utilisant des structures de réfraction et de réflexion
PCT/IB2009/052431 WO2009153697A1 (fr) 2008-06-16 2009-06-09 Détecteur spectral avec résolution angulaire utilisant des structures de réfraction et de réflexion

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2300846A1 true EP2300846A1 (fr) 2011-03-30

Family

ID=40910853

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09766234A Withdrawn EP2300846A1 (fr) 2008-06-16 2009-06-09 Détecteur spectral avec résolution angulaire utilisant des structures de réfraction et de réflexion

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20110085160A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2300846A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011524519A (fr)
CN (1) CN102066968A (fr)
TW (1) TW201007143A (fr)
WO (1) WO2009153697A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2604959C1 (ru) * 2016-02-03 2016-12-20 Акционерное общество "Научно-производственное объединение "Государственный институт прикладной оптики" (АО "НПО ГИПО") Теплопеленгатор
CN110945654A (zh) * 2017-05-09 2020-03-31 光引研创股份有限公司 用于不可见光应用的光学装置
CN108181606A (zh) * 2017-12-28 2018-06-19 成都信息工程大学 基于阵元辐射能的辐射源有噪无源定向方法
EP3748342B1 (fr) * 2019-06-06 2023-05-03 Gebrüder Loepfe AG Capteur optique pour mesurer une propriété d'un corps textile allongé dans un champ optique uniforme
WO2021219412A1 (fr) 2020-04-28 2021-11-04 Signify Holding B.V. Détecteur de direction optique

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009153697A1 (fr) 2009-12-23
US20110085160A1 (en) 2011-04-14
TW201007143A (en) 2010-02-16
JP2011524519A (ja) 2011-09-01
CN102066968A (zh) 2011-05-18

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