EP2300567A2 - Dispositif et procédé de gazéification électro-thermo-chimique de biomasse - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de gazéification électro-thermo-chimique de biomasse

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Publication number
EP2300567A2
EP2300567A2 EP09741778A EP09741778A EP2300567A2 EP 2300567 A2 EP2300567 A2 EP 2300567A2 EP 09741778 A EP09741778 A EP 09741778A EP 09741778 A EP09741778 A EP 09741778A EP 2300567 A2 EP2300567 A2 EP 2300567A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas mixture
biomass
reformed
gasification
hydrogen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09741778A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Prestel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AEN Autarke Energie GmbH
Original Assignee
AEN Autarke Energie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AEN Autarke Energie GmbH filed Critical AEN Autarke Energie GmbH
Publication of EP2300567A2 publication Critical patent/EP2300567A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/1516—Multisteps
    • C07C29/1518—Multisteps one step being the formation of initial mixture of carbon oxides and hydrogen for synthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/04—Cyclic processes, e.g. alternate blast and run
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/122—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors containing only carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides or oxides of alkali-metals (including Mg)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/006—Reducing the tar content by steam reforming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/023—Reducing the tar content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0966—Hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1269—Heating the gasifier by radiating device, e.g. radiant tubes
    • C10J2300/1276—Heating the gasifier by radiating device, e.g. radiant tubes by electricity, e.g. resistor heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1284—Heating the gasifier by renewable energy, e.g. solar energy, photovoltaic cells, wind
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/1646—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a fuel cell
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1665—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1684—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • C10J2300/1823—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water for synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1853—Steam reforming, i.e. injection of steam only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the description relates to a device and a method for the electro-thermo-chemical gasification of biomass, in particular for the electro-thermo-chemical gasification of biomass for the production of hydrogen or fuel and for providing a gas mixture for an internal combustion engine from biomass with the supply of electrical energy.
  • a gasifier for the gasification of the biomass with the supply of electrical energy to a gas mixture
  • a reformer for reforming the gas mixture obtained from the gasification
  • a gas scrubber for washing the reformed gas mixture
  • the device further comprises a heating before and / or in the region of the reformer for additional heating of the gas mixture obtained from the gasification and a first recirculation device, so that the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture optionally returned to the gasifier or at least one corresponding subsequent component of Device can be supplied, wherein the first recirculation device provides a circulation circuit for the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture and the circulation circuit comprises at least the carburetor and the reformer.
  • the gas mixture obtained in the gasification is usually also referred to as so-called syngas.
  • biomass in the gasifier is gasified by means of electrical energy.
  • Conventional devices for the gasification of biomass foresee a so-called allothermal pyrolysis of biomass, in which a heat used for this purpose must be supplied from the outside. This has to be elaborately produced and, for example, provided via heat exchangers for the pyrolysis of the biomass.
  • An alternative solution is a so-called au totherme energy supply, in which, for example, oxygen for gasification of biomass this must be supplied.
  • the reformed gas mixture subsequently obtained in the reformer can be returned to the gasifier by means of the described recirculation device prior to further treatment in the gas scrubber, so that the already reformed gas mixture passes at least the gasifier and the reformer at least once more.
  • this return cycle can be repeated in any number, so that the gas mixture circulates several times in this recirculation cycle.
  • certain unwanted components of the gas mixture such as, for example, long-chain carbon compounds or hydrocarbon compounds, split to a greater extent, so that their share can be reduced in the reformed gas mixture.
  • the circulation circuit in this case also includes at least the gas scrubber in addition to the carburetor and the reformer. In this way, a washing of the respective reformed gas mixture is provided at each return cycle.
  • the respective gas mixture can be fed to at least the corresponding downstream component of the device. If the return device is designed to return the reformed gas mixture, the reformed gas mixture is fed to the subsequently arranged gas scrubber if the reformed gas mixture is not to pass through the return device. If, by contrast, the return device is designed to return the scrubbed gas mixture to the gasifier, then the scrubbed gas mixture is passed to a component of the device arranged downstream of the gas scrubber, if the scrubbed gas mixture is not to pass through the recirculation device.
  • the device can also be designed such that an internal pressure of the device builds up independently by the gasification.
  • the device is operable continuously and / or discontinuously, wherein a discontinuous operation of the device is an at least least once returning the reformed or the washed gas mixture prior to feeding to the at least one corresponding subsequent component.
  • recycling of the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture can only take place optionally. This means that there is a choice to return the corresponding gas mixture via the return device in the carburetor or instead to supply the corresponding subsequent component. It is also possible to make the return only partially. This means that only a part of the corresponding gas mixture is returned via the return device to the gasifier and the remaining part is passed to the corresponding subsequent component of the device.
  • the operation of the device is referred to as "continuous operation.”
  • continuous operation it is possible to The individual components of the device are thus in continuous or continuous operation and are (except for the partially recirculated portion of the gas mixture) only once pass through the device continuously biomass for continuous gasification.
  • the device can not be operated continuously. Accordingly, this operation is referred to as a batch or batch operation.
  • the gas mixture obtained gasification is, as described above, depending on the embodiment of the device, either after the reformer as a reformed gas mixture or after the gas scrubber returned as a scrubbed gas mixture by means of the return device in the gasifier.
  • the resulting recirculation cycle forms a closed circuit in which the corresponding gas mixture is circulated.
  • the apparatus comprises a reactor for generating hydrogen from the scrubbed gas mixture by means of a so-called "hydrogen-shift reaction.”
  • the apparatus provides a reactor arranged downstream of the gas scrubber, which is configured by means of said Reaction from the scrubbed gas mixture to produce hydrogen
  • the hydrogen produced in this case can be separated off from a remaining residual gas by means of a corresponding separation device
  • a separation device For example, molecular sieves or a so-called pressure-swing adsorption process can be used as separation devices
  • the hydrogen obtained can be stored comparatively easily so that the energy stored in the hydrogen can be easily retrieved as needed, for example, by means of a hydrogen fuel cell electrical energy or electricity are provided as needed.
  • the device may be coupled to an internal combustion engine, wherein the scrubbed gas mixture is usable for operating the internal combustion engine.
  • the washed gas mixture can be passed to the internal combustion engine and used there in the context of a so-called force-heat coupling.
  • the internal combustion engine can be designed as a combined heat and power plant or as a gas turbine for generating electricity and heat.
  • the device may be designed for the production of fuel and for this purpose also comprise the following components:
  • a catalyst for carrying out a catalytic reaction for obtaining a reaction mixture from the scrubbed gas mixture and a separator for separating a fuel from the reaction mixture.
  • the apparatus may comprise means for supplying hydrogen for the hydrogenation of the biomass or of the gas mixture obtained from the gasification and in a mode of operation constitute a closed system.
  • a gasifier for gasification of the biomass while supplying the electrical energy to a gas mixture optionally a simultaneous hydrogenation of the heated biomass or of the gas mixture obtained from the gasification can be carried out with hydrogen, a reformer for reforming the gas mixture obtained from the gasification, a gas scrubber for washing the reformed gas mixture, a catalyst for carrying out a catalytic reaction for obtaining a reaction mixture the scrubbed gas mixture and a separator for separating the fuel from the reaction mixture.
  • the device comprises devices for supplying hydrogen for the hydrogenation of the biomass or of the gas mixture obtained from the gasification and, in an operating state, constitutes a closed system.
  • the device comprises, as already described, a first recirculation device, so that the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture can optionally be returned to the gasifier or the corresponding subsequent component of the device, either the gas scrubber or the catalyst, fed, the first return device provides a recirculation circuit for the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture, and the recirculation circuit comprises at least the gasifier and the reformer.
  • the optional simultaneous hydrogenation can, as described above, be carried out before the gasification of the biomass for the hydrogenation or H 2 enrichment of the biomass or subsequently during the reforming.
  • Both pure hydrogen and hydrogen-containing compounds can be used.
  • methane can be supplied as a hydrogen-containing compound and water for gasification of the biomass.
  • the device may comprise a device for supplying hydrogen-containing compounds to the biomass for their hydrogenation and / or also optionally a device for supplying water.
  • the supply of water may in particular be provided if the biomass is too dry, so that it must be mixed with water.
  • the synthesis gas production in b.) A hydrogen deficiency (b: 6 H 2 ), which can be covered, for example, by the resulting in the steam reforming a.) Of methane hydrogen.
  • the first recirculation device may comprise an electric preheater for preheating the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture to be returned to the gasifier.
  • an electric preheater for preheating the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture to be returned to the gasifier.
  • the first recirculation device can also be a discharge valve for the selective discharge of the reformed or washed gas mixture from the recirculation circuit to the at least one according to subsequent component of the device. If recirculation of the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture is completed, the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture can be discharged from the recirculation circuit by means of the discharge valve and fed to the downstream components of the device. As a result, the device can be operated discontinuously. This means that the reformed gas mixture is circulated in the recirculation cycle and is forwarded only when a defined event in the device occurs. The number of return cycles of the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture to the discharge via the discharge valve can be made dependent on various criteria.
  • the drain valve it is possible to open the drain valve after a defined period of time and then forward the reformed or washed gas mixture to the downstream components. It is also possible to arrange sensors in the recirculation circuit, which measure the content of individual components of the gas mixture. If a defined content of certain components of the gas mixture is reached, the reformed or washed gas mixture can be released from the circulation circuit via the drain valve. For example.
  • a probe can be provided which can determine a residual methane content or residual tar content in the reformed or washed gas mixture.
  • the first feedback device may comprise a circulation pump for operating the circulation circuit.
  • a circulation pump for example, a piston pump or a circulating fan can be used.
  • the device comprises means for hydrogen electrolysis to provide hydrogen for hydrogenation of the biomass or of the gas mixture obtained from the gasification.
  • the apparatus may be configured to provide hydrogen for the hydrogenation described above.
  • the hydrogen may alternatively be provided from other sources, such as, for example, an apparatus for generating solar hydrogen. If means for hydrogen electrolysis are provided, it is possible to obtain the electric current used to carry out the electrolysis not only from conventional power sources but also from regenerative energy conversion systems, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems.
  • the device may comprise at least one component from a group of components consisting of filters, coolers, condensate separators, heat exchangers and molecular sieves.
  • the described device may comprise at least one tepid bath, which is provided for a gas purification, for example for the removal of halogen compounds.
  • a gas purification for example for the removal of halogen compounds.
  • fluorine and chlorine HCL and HF
  • HF fluorine and chlorine
  • NaOH sodium hydroxide NaOH can be used as the lye. so that in a reaction with HCL according to the following reaction equation salt and water is formed:
  • the described tepid bath can in particular be designed as an independent component of the device or as part of the gas scrubber.
  • the method comprising selectively recycling, at least partially, the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture into the gasifier for at least refilling of the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture in a recirculation loop and optionally supplying the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture to at least one corresponding subsequent component of the device , and
  • the method further comprises a step of heating the gas mixture obtained from the gasification before and / or during the step of reforming by means of electrical energy and / or by local oxygen combustion.
  • the method may include immediately supplying the reformed or scrubbed gas mixture to at least a corresponding subsequent component of the device or at least once through the recirculation cycle with subsequent discharge to the at least one corresponding subsequent component.
  • a continuous or discontinuous operation of the device is made possible in this way.
  • the method may further comprise the following step:
  • the method may further comprise the following step:
  • the method for obtaining fuel from biomass with supply of electrical energy may be provided and also comprising the following steps:
  • the method may include the following step:
  • the method may further comprise a step of electrolysis of hydrogen for hydrogenation of biomass or the gas mixture recovered from the gasification.
  • This hydrogen electrolysis can take place at a pressure which corresponds to a local system pressure prevailing in each case at the point to be introduced, otherwise a compression of the hydrogen produced is possible or necessary.
  • the method further comprises at least one step of a group of steps consisting of
  • a filtering step a cooling step, a condensate separation step, and at least one pass through a heat exchanger.
  • the method may additionally comprise at least one of the following steps:
  • a) heating the gas mixture obtained from the gasification by means of electrical energy and / or by local oxygen combustion for this purpose, for example, an electrically operated heating device can be provided, which additionally heats the gas mixture obtained by the gasification.
  • the heater may also be gas operated to additionally heat the gas mixture, or to inject oxygen into the gas mixture and burn it locally.
  • any gas mixture can be added at any point of the device with hydrogen. This can be done, for example, in the gasifier by hydrogenating, for example, the gas mixture obtained by gasification and effecting a splitting of long-chain carbon-hydrogen compounds (CH compounds, such as, for example, coke).
  • CH compounds long-chain carbon-hydrogen compounds
  • the gas mixture can be introduced into a catalyst by means of catalytic reactions.
  • a catalyst may, for example, consist of suitable catalyst material, such as cobalt or platinum, which is arranged as a filling in a heat exchanger or subsequently to this.
  • the biomass is dried before being fed into the gasifier or before the gasification by the high temperature of the gas mixture heated by the gasification or reforming.
  • water vapor produced in the above-described step of drying the biomass is utilized for reforming by a water gas reaction at higher temperatures.
  • the remaining gas mixture for renewed hydrogenation and reforming for example, again supplied to the carburetor and thus undergo the described method or device again.
  • suitable molecular sieves By means of these molecular sieves, individual components of the remaining gas mixture, such as, for example, nitrogen, can be removed therefrom, before the remaining gas mixture, as shown, is supplied to the gasifier again.
  • the molecular sieves in the device may be arranged in a main flow such that the part of the remaining gas mixture recycled in the direction of the carburetor is passed completely through the molecular sieves.
  • the molecular sieves can be arranged in a side stream, so that only a partial separation takes place in the secondary stream and another part of the recycled gas mixture is passed via a main stream directly to the gasifier.
  • the described device can provide second recirculation devices, so that a gas mixture from the separator can be returned to the gasifier or supplied to the gasifier, the second recirculation devices having main flow and / or secondary flow lines. h) burning off a part of the gas mixture remaining after the step of the separation.
  • at least a portion of the remaining gas mixture can be burned off and removed in this way, and enrichment with inert gas components, such as, for example, N 2 , can be prevented.
  • the method further comprises at least one of a group of steps consisting of a real gasification, a gas-vapor reforming, a coke-smoldering, a coke-hydrogenation, a tar-condensation, an electrolysis and a Fuel synthesis, such as, for example, an alcohol synthesis.
  • the biomass used here serves as a carbon supplier and can also be used to increase efficiency.
  • the process described allows a conversion of the carbon (C) into an alcohol, for example methanol (CH 3 OH), so that in this way a customary in previous methods conversion into CO 2 can be prevented.
  • Alcohol is suitable for use as fuel or can be converted into heat or electricity.
  • waste heat which is produced in the described electro-thermo-chemical gasification of the biomass for storing energy in alcohol, can be made available, for example, for heating or hot water production. In this way, by means of the use of the waste heat or a so-called calorific value utilization, a comparatively high overall efficiency of the described method or device, for example of 90-100%, can be achieved.
  • the device described for carrying out the method described can be designed as a small decentralized device to be used, for example, in households or single-family homes. Basically, the device is arbitrarily scalable, so that even large devices or systems can be realized, which are centrally used.
  • the described method allows an addition of the energy amounts of electricity and biomass and allows by means of waste heat utilization a high overall efficiency.
  • biomass allows a diverse biomass utilization and thus a large raw material base.
  • all the carbon in the biomass can be converted to alcohol.
  • Carbon dioxide CO 2 is only released during a subsequent use of the alcohol, for example during the combustion of the alcohol.
  • CO 2 is released as, for example, plants have taken up in the production of biomass.
  • Only the use of biomass makes it possible to store the electrical energy of the stream in liquid form, for example as alcohol.
  • the power used for this purpose can be spatially separated from the alcohol production.
  • Wind turbines or solar plants can be built in favorable locations and the electricity produced is passed on to the production of the alcohol to locations where sufficient biomass is produced.
  • the devices for the production of alcohol can also be installed directly next to the power generating facilities such as.
  • the wind turbines or solar panels can be installed directly next to the power generating facilities such as.
  • the wind turbines or solar panels are installed directly next to the power generating facilities.
  • the device may comprise a gasifier for gasification of the biomass to a gas mixture or a synthesis gas.
  • the device may have a gas scrubber for washing the gas mixture or for gas purification and / or an electrolysis device, wherein in the gas scrubber inter alia carbon compounds can be separated from the gas mixture.
  • the electrolyzer uses electricity to produce hydrogen by electrolysis.
  • alcohol for example methanol (CH 3 OH)
  • CH 3 OH methanol
  • H 2 hydrogen
  • the alcohol is discharged accordingly and can be stored in tanks.
  • the waste heat of the device described is, for example, for heating or domestic water. usable or as process heat in suitable media ausleitbar.
  • the described apparatus for recovering the alcohol may utilize one or more (part) methods from a group of methods.
  • This group includes ideal gasification, real gasification, gas-vapor reforming, coke-making, coke-hydrogenation, tar-condensation, electrolysis and methanol synthesis.
  • the above-described process for obtaining the alcohol may further comprise the steps of: heating the biomass with power or gasifying the biomass into a gas mixture and cracking carbon-hydrogen compounds (CH compounds) contained in the gas mixture, with the help of the so-called steam reforming or the gas-steam reforming.
  • the gas mixture generated during the gasification and simultaneously heated gas mixture can be passed to a recovery of heat by countercurrent heat exchanger and are used in this way both for heating the gas mixture produced, as well as the biomass. In this way, only energy losses with electrical energy of the current used must be compensated, otherwise a power supply can be achieved by means of the recovery of heat.
  • the gas mixture or synthesis gas formed in the process described comprises carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ).
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • H 2 hydrogen
  • alcohol can be obtained from the gas mixture or synthesis gas.
  • the gas mixture described (if not specified) is understood to mean the gas mixture formed during the gasification, the components of which or the composition thereof may change as a result of corresponding reactions in the individual steps or when using the individual (partial) methods.
  • the described method may further comprise a multi-stage gas processing, which consists of several steps.
  • heating takes place by means of the electrical energy of the stream and additional heating of the gas mixture by means of countercurrent heat exchangers.
  • the gas processing may include gas-steam reforming, coke-burning with oxygen (O 2 ), and tar-condensate-steam reforming.
  • a separation of possibly accumulating ash, which arises in particular during the gasification of the biomass, can be carried out by means of a preliminary separation in a ash box with rust.
  • the device may comprise electrostatic filters, which are designed for the combustion of ash. It is also possible to use fabric fine filters. To prevent fouling or clogging of filters, so-called regeneration cycles can be provided in a controller of the device.
  • a so-called purge cycle can be used for the synthesis of alcohol, such as, for example, the methanol synthesis.
  • long-chain carbon compounds in particular hydrocarbon compounds from the biomass, such as, for example, tar deposits
  • these are gaseous at high temperatures. Only on cooling do they condense and can lead to blockages.
  • the carbon compounds or tar-containing substances of the gas mixture can pass through the device or parts of the device several times until the tar or residues of the tar have completely degraded. This can be achieved by so-called cracking or splitting of the long-chain carbon compounds.
  • the regeneration cycle described above may include, for example, burning the device by briefly heating the entire system or the entire device or parts of the device.
  • the described separation of the ashes can be done, for example, by means of electrostatic filters, which can be cleaned by means of regeneration.
  • electrostatic filters can be cleaned by means of regeneration.
  • Electrostatic filters require in contrast to fine filters, such as. Fine tissue filters, apart from the emptying of the ash boxes no maintenance. Of course, a use of the fine filter or fine tissue filter is possible, which must be cleaned or replaced if necessary.
  • the catalyst used in the device allows a long service life when using low-sulfur biomass. However, if sulfur-containing biomass is used, a cyclic replacement of the catalyst may be necessary.
  • a sulfur filter in the form of a desulfurization stage is also usable. This may be provided in the form of a zinc oxide layer (ZnO) on a suitable support.
  • ZnO zinc oxide layer
  • H 2 S (hydrogen sulfide) with ZnO to ZnS (zinc sulfide) and H 2 O (water) are converted, the reaction described, for example. In a temperature range between 200 and 400 0 C can take place.
  • One in the device if necessary necessary condensate removal can take place, for example, by means of a separation with water and condensate.
  • biomass can be used as biomass. These include in particular wood, wood chips, pellets, as well as household waste, paper, cardboard, straw, grass and green waste. Algae, plankton and agricultural waste can also be used. PVC-free plastics or shredder waste can also be used as biomass.
  • the biomass can be provided here in solid form or in liquid form. Liquid biomass is known, for example, under the name "bio-slurry" and offers the advantage of a significantly reduced volume compared to biomass in solid form.
  • bio-slurry offers the advantage of a significantly reduced volume compared to biomass in solid form.
  • the efficiency of the method described or the device described depends greatly on the biomass used. For example. Therefore, in smaller and decentralized devices, higher quality biomass could be used to provide sufficient efficiency, whereas in large devices, almost any biomass, possibly with lower efficiency, could be used.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a system for the production of alcohol from electricity and biomass.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of an apparatus for obtaining alcohol from biomass while supplying electrical energy from electricity.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a system for the production of fuel from electricity and biomass using the example of alcohol or methanol.
  • the system includes a device 300 for methanol production, is introduced into the biomass for the production of methanol and which is described in detail in the following Figure 2.
  • methane and / or H 2 can additionally be supplied for hydrogenating the biomass.
  • the hydrogen H 2 can in this case either by means of hydrogen electrolysis (if appropriate devices are provided for this purpose) produced or, for example.
  • solar hydrogen (solar H 2 ) from a corresponding system are supplied.
  • CO 2 can also be introduced instead of or in addition to the biomass for operating the device 300.
  • water can be used for gasification of the biomass or for steam reforming of methane and water.
  • Electric power used to operate the device 300 may be sourced from ordinary sources or from renewable sources such as wind turbines 11 and / or photovoltaic systems 12.
  • the device provides 300 inorganic constituents of the supplied materials in the form of ashes as well as in the running in the device chemical reactions occurring heat and the desired fuel in the form of methanol. If the device 300 provides devices for hydrogen electrolysis, oxygen can also be produced.
  • the resulting methanol is passed from the device 300 into a reservoir 13 for storage, from which it can be retrieved for a variety of fuel uses.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device 300 for obtaining alcohol from biomass while supplying electrical energy from electricity.
  • the device 300 comprises a feed 320 for the biomass, for example, from a biomass container (not shown).
  • This feed may be designed as a supply of biomass in solid form, or may include pressure lines for the introduction of liquid biomass.
  • the biomass is fed to a gasifier 33 for gasification.
  • a feed 320 'for hydrogen or hydrogen-containing compounds such as, for example, methane
  • a feed 320 ' for hydrogen or hydrogen-containing compounds such as, for example, methane
  • This offers the possibility of completely or at least partially dispensing with electrolysis to produce hydrogen for an H 2 feed line.
  • the illustrated embodiment also has a second heat exchanger 321 in the region of the feed 320 in order to heat the fed biomass before it is fed into the gasifier. This will be described in more detail below.
  • the biomass is gasified by supplying electrical energy to a gas mixture.
  • the carburetor 33 is heated by means of electrical energy and the biomass is burned or gasified by pyrolysis. Any accumulating ash can be removed via suitable devices (not shown).
  • the gas mixture obtained in the gasification rises in a housing of the gasifier 33.
  • a heating device 34 is arranged, in which the gas mixture obtained from the gasification is further electrically heated and passed from the heater 34 into a heat exchanger 35.
  • the heating device 34 may be a Include heating with oxygen (not shown), so that oxygen is supplied and burned to generate heat.
  • the heat exchanger 35 comprises a reformer for reforming the gaseous mixture obtained from the gasification and leads the reformed gas mixture within the housing of the gasifier 33 in the opposite direction to the rising gas mixture obtained from the gasification. Subsequently, the reformed gas mixture is discharged from the housing of the carburetor 33.
  • the heat exchanger 35 is designed such that it directs the reformed gas mixture in the opposite direction to the ascending gas mixture obtained from the gasification and in this way heats the ascending gas mixture obtained from the gasification by means of the reformed gas mixture further heated in the reforming.
  • a filling with catalytic function can be provided in the heat exchanger 35 or in associated lines of the heat exchanger 35, so that a catalyst can additionally be provided.
  • This filling may comprise, for example, cobalt, platinum or other suitable catalytically active materials.
  • the reformed gas mixture can be passed into a first recirculation device 351.
  • the reformed gas mixture can be returned to the carburetor 33 or supplied to the carburetor 33.
  • the first recirculation device 351 thus provides a recirculation circuit for the reformed gas mixture, wherein the recirculation circuit comprises the carburetor 33, the heater 34 and the heat exchanger 35 and the reformer.
  • the recirculation circuit comprises the carburetor 33, the heater 34 and the heat exchanger 35 and the reformer.
  • the return device 351 comprises a preheater 352 for preheating or heating the reformed gas mixture before it is fed back into the gasifier 33.
  • the first recirculation device 351 For operation of the recirculation circuit and the return of the reformed gas mixture into the carburetor 33, the first recirculation device 351 comprises a circulating pump 353. If the reformed gas mixture is to be removed from the recirculation cycle described, it is passed via a discharge valve 354 into the further second heat exchanger 321 which provides heat exchange between the reformed gas mixture and the biomass carried in the feed 32.
  • the second heat exchanger 321 may, for example, be arranged in the region of the feed 320. Subsequently, the reformed gas mixture is passed into a gas scrubber 37 to wash the reformed gas mixture.
  • carbon-containing compounds in particular hydrocarbon-containing compounds (CH), such as, for example, tar
  • CH hydrocarbon-containing compounds
  • These withdrawn carbonaceous compounds can be fed back to the biomass by suitable means (not shown) and, in a new pass, pass through the carburetor 33, the heater 34 and the heat exchanger 35 with reformer and be removed in this way.
  • the usually long-chain carbon-containing compounds are split by the so-called cracking.
  • the device for recycling carbonaceous compounds is not shown in FIG.
  • the scrubbing gas mixture produced in the gas scrubber 37 can optionally be filtered in a filter 38, which is designed, for example, as a fine-tissue filter or electrostatic filter.
  • the resulting filtered or washed gas mixture is then passed through a catalytic reaction in a catalyst 39 for the production of alcohol from the washed or filtered gas mixture. Subsequently, a separation of the alcohol in a separator 40 and a discharge of the alcohol, for example. In a tank (also not shown). Since only a part of the gas mixture reacts in a catalytic converter in the catalytic reaction, the device can be configured such that the gas mixture remaining after the separator 40 passes through the catalytic converter 39 several times in order to react also remaining radicals or components of the gas mixture. For this purpose, the remaining gas mixture is fed back to the catalyst 39 after passing through the separator 40. The remaining gas mixture is added to the filtered or scrubbed gas mixture fed from the scrubber 37 or the filter 38 and introduced together into the catalyst 39.
  • purely optional devices for supplying CO 2 381 and hydrogen (H 2 ) 382 to the scrubbed gas mixture are provided. These allow an enrichment of the respective proportions of these components in the gas mixture for changing and adapting the composition of the washed or filtered gas mixture for the subsequent synthesis in the catalyst 39 or separator 40.
  • a supply of CO 2 can, for example, from a separate memory (not shown). If CO 2 is added to the gas mixture, the demand for biomass can be simultaneously increased. low carbon content of the biomass. It is thus also possible to operate the device 300 with any combination of biomass, methane, hydrogen and CO 2 .
  • the apparatus may further comprise or be coupled to a device (not shown) for generating hydrogen, such as a device for hydrogen electrolysis or a solar hydrogen system.
  • a device for hydrogen electrolysis or a solar hydrogen system.
  • the hydrogen can also be introduced, for example, into the feed 32 and / or the gasifier 33 and / or in the region of the separator 40.
  • a compressor 383 may be provided to increase the supplied gases to at least a local system pressure of the device 300.
  • the device 30 is configured such that the entire device 30 is a closed system.
  • An embodiment of the entire device as a closed system allows in particular a direct supply of biomass from the biomass container, if this is also integrated into the entire system and also below the respective internal pressure of the gasifier 33. A connection of the biomass container 31 via a pressure lock is not necessary in this case.
  • the biomass container can be designed so that it receives or stockpiles a certain amount of biomass, for example, for several hours of operation of the system or their daily requirement. Only when the container is empty, the internal pressure of at least the carburetor and thus also the bio- mass container to atmospheric pressure: lowered and the filling of the biomass container can be done again. Subsequently, the gasification begins again, whereby the required system pressure or internal pressure in the carburetor 33 and the biomass container is constructed independently.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de gazéification de biomasse, avec apport d'énergie électrique, ledit dispositif comprenant les composants suivants : un gazéificateur (33) servant à gazéifier la biomasse, avec apport d'énergie électrique, de manière à obtenir un mélange gazeux; un reformeur (35) servant au reformage du mélange gazeux obtenu lors de la gazéification; un laveur de gaz (38) servant à laver le mélange gazeux reformé. Le dispositif (300) présente en outre un dispositif de chauffage, situé en amont et/ou dans la zone du reformeur, servant à échauffer davantage le mélange gazeux obtenu lors de la gazéification, et un premier dispositif de recyclage (351) de sorte que le mélange gazeux reformé ou lavé puisse être soit réintroduit dans le gazéificateur (33) soit réacheminé à au moins un des composants situé en aval. Le premier dispositif de recyclage (351) permet de créer pour le mélange gazeux reformé ou lavé un circuit de recirculation qui comprend au moins le gazéificateur (33) et le reformeur (35).
EP09741778A 2008-05-07 2009-03-11 Dispositif et procédé de gazéification électro-thermo-chimique de biomasse Withdrawn EP2300567A2 (fr)

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US20110203537A1 (en) 2011-08-25
WO2009135558A3 (fr) 2010-03-04
US20110185634A1 (en) 2011-08-04
WO2009135559A3 (fr) 2010-03-04
EP2310476A2 (fr) 2011-04-20
WO2009135559A2 (fr) 2009-11-12

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