EP2310476A2 - Dispositif et procédé de gazéification électro-thermo-chimique de biomasse - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de gazéification électro-thermo-chimique de biomasse

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Publication number
EP2310476A2
EP2310476A2 EP09741777A EP09741777A EP2310476A2 EP 2310476 A2 EP2310476 A2 EP 2310476A2 EP 09741777 A EP09741777 A EP 09741777A EP 09741777 A EP09741777 A EP 09741777A EP 2310476 A2 EP2310476 A2 EP 2310476A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas mixture
biomass
gasification
hydrogen
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09741777A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Prestel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AEN Autarke Energie GmbH
Original Assignee
AEN Autarke Energie GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AEN Autarke Energie GmbH filed Critical AEN Autarke Energie GmbH
Publication of EP2310476A2 publication Critical patent/EP2310476A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C10J3/18—Continuous processes using electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/15—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively
    • C07C29/151—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of oxides of carbon exclusively with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases
    • C07C29/1516—Multisteps
    • C07C29/1518—Multisteps one step being the formation of initial mixture of carbon oxides and hydrogen for synthesis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/04—Cyclic processes, e.g. alternate blast and run
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/06—Continuous processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
    • C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
    • C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
    • C10K1/122—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors containing only carbonates, bicarbonates, hydroxides or oxides of alkali-metals (including Mg)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/006—Reducing the tar content by steam reforming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/023—Reducing the tar content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0966—Hydrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0969—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1269—Heating the gasifier by radiating device, e.g. radiant tubes
    • C10J2300/1276—Heating the gasifier by radiating device, e.g. radiant tubes by electricity, e.g. resistor heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/1284—Heating the gasifier by renewable energy, e.g. solar energy, photovoltaic cells, wind
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • C10J2300/1646—Conversion of synthesis gas to energy integrated with a fuel cell
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1665—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1684—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
    • C10J2300/1823—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water for synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
    • C10J2300/1853—Steam reforming, i.e. injection of steam only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
    • Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the description relates to a device and a method for the electro-thermo-chemical gasification of biomass, in particular for the electro-thermo-chemical gasification of biomass for the production of fuel from biomass with the supply of electrical energy.
  • a gasifier for gasification of the biomass while supplying the electrical energy to a gas mixture optionally a simultaneous hydrogenation of the heated biomass or the gas mixture obtained from the gasification can be carried out with hydrogen, a reformer for reforming the gas mixture obtained from the gasification, a gas scrubber for Washing the reformed gas mixture, a catalyst to carry out a catalytic reaction to recover a reaction mixture from the scrubbed gas mixture, and a separator to separate the fuel from the reaction mixture.
  • the device comprises devices for supplying hydrogen for hydrogenating the biomass or the gas mixture obtained from the gasification and, in an operating state, represents a closed system with a uniform internal pressure.
  • the gas mixture obtained in the gasification is usually also referred to as so-called syngas.
  • the internal pressure can be established independently by the gasification.
  • a system pressure of the described device is to be understood, which has a substantially equal pressure in the pressurized areas of the device. Pressure differences, which are inevitably necessary for moving the gas mixture, should therefore be low in relation to the prevailing system pressure, so that they are negligible in view of the system pressure.
  • the system pressure in the device described can be in the order of 10 to 200 bar.
  • the pressure differences described are less than 0.1 bar and are therefore negligible, so that it can be spoken of a uniform internal pressure.
  • the optional simultaneous hydrogenation can, as described above, be carried out before the gasification of the biomass for the hydrogenation or H 2 enrichment of the biomass or subsequently during the reforming.
  • Both pure hydrogen and hydrogen-containing compounds can be used.
  • methanol as the hydrogen-containing compound and water for steam reforming for the gasification of the biomass can be supplied.
  • the device may comprise a device for supplying hydrogen-containing compounds to the biomass for their hydrogenation and / or also optionally a device for supplying water.
  • a corresponding supply of hydrogen will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the supply of water may in particular be provided if the biomass is too dry, so that it must be mixed with water.
  • reaction equations for a steam reforming of methane and water a taking place in this case will be described below by way of example.
  • the device comprises means for hydrogen electrolysis to provide hydrogen for hydrogenation of the biomass or of the gas mixture obtained from the gasification.
  • the apparatus may be configured to provide hydrogen for the hydrogenation described above.
  • the hydrogen can alternatively be provided from other sources, such as the said device for generating solar hydrogen. If means are provided for hydrogen electrolysis, it is possible to obtain the electric current used for carrying out the electrolysis not only from conventional power sources but also from renewable energy conversion systems, such as wind turbines and photovoltaic systems.
  • the device can comprise at least one component from a group of components consisting of catalyst ren, filters, coolers, condensate separators, heat exchangers and molecular sieves.
  • the described device may comprise at least one tepid bath, which is provided for a gas purification, for example for the removal of halogen compounds.
  • a gas purification for example for the removal of halogen compounds.
  • fluorine and chlorine HCL and HF
  • caustic soda NaOH can be used as the caustic so that salt and water are formed in a reaction with HCl according to the following reaction equation:
  • a process for obtaining fuel, such as alcohol, from biomass by supplying electric energy is provided by the following steps:
  • the method may further comprise a step of electrolysis of hydrogen for hydrogenation of biomass or the gas mixture recovered from the gasification.
  • This hydrogen electrolysis can take place at the same system pressure or internal pressure of the system, otherwise it is a compression of the hydrogen produced possible or required.
  • the method further comprises at least one step of a group of steps consisting of
  • a filtering step a cooling step, a condensate separation step, and at least one pass through a heat exchanger.
  • the method may additionally comprise at least one of the following steps:
  • an electrically operated heating device can be provided, which additionally heats the gas mixture obtained by the gasification.
  • the heater may also be gas operated to additionally heat the gas mixture, or to inject oxygen into the gas mixture and burn it locally.
  • any gas mixture can be added at any point of the device with hydrogen. This can be done, for example, in the gasifier by hydrogenating, for example, the gas mixture obtained by gasification and splitting up long-chain carbon monoxide. Hydrogen compounds (CH compounds, such as, for example, coke) effect.
  • CH compounds Hydrogen compounds
  • a catalyst for example, consist of suitable catalyst material, such as cobalt or platinum, which is arranged as a filling in a heat exchanger or subsequently to this.
  • a catalyst may, for example, consist of suitable catalyst material, such as cobalt or platinum, which is arranged as a filling in a heat exchanger or subsequently to this.
  • the biomass is dried before being fed into the gasifier or before the gasification by the high temperature of the gas mixture heated by the gasification or reforming.
  • water vapor recovered from the drying step for the step of reforming for the step of reforming.
  • water vapor produced in the above-described step of drying the biomass is utilized for reforming by a water gas reaction at higher temperatures.
  • the remaining gas mixture for renewed hydrogenation and reforming for example, again supplied to the carburetor and thus undergo the described method or device again.
  • suitable molecular sieves By means of these molecular sieves, individual components of the remaining gas mixture, such as, for example, nitrogen, can be removed therefrom, before the remaining gas mixture, as shown, is supplied to the gasifier again.
  • the molecular sieves in the device can be arranged in a main flow, so that the portion of the remaining gas mixture recycled in the direction of the carburetor is passed completely through the molecular sieves.
  • the molecular sieves can be arranged in a side stream, so that only a partial separation takes place in the secondary stream and another part of the recycled gas mixture is passed via a main stream directly to the gasifier.
  • the described device can provide recirculation devices so that a gas mixture from the separator can be returned to the gasifier or fed to the gasifier, the recirculation devices having main flow and / or bypass lines. h) burning off a portion of the gaseous mixture remaining after the step of depositing.
  • at least a portion of the remaining gas mixture can be burned off and removed in this way, and enrichment with inert gas components, such as, for example, N 2, can be prevented.
  • the method further comprises at least one of the steps a group of steps consisting of real gasification, gas vapor reforming, coke charring, coke hydrogenation, tar condensation, electrolysis and fuel synthesis, such as alcohol synthesis.
  • the device described above and the method described thus make it possible to produce fuel from biomass with the addition of electrical energy.
  • heat is released.
  • the following statements are merely illustrative of alcohol as a fuel. This makes it possible to convert electrical energy from electricity into chemical energy, which is stored in the form of the alcohol and is relatively easy to store. It can thus be stored in the form of alcohol electrical energy, which is obtained under favorable conditions, for example. Suitable wind conditions, with sufficient sunlight or other forms.
  • the biomass used here serves as a carbon supplier and can also be used to increase efficiency.
  • the process described allows a conversion of the carbon (C) into an alcohol, for example methanol (CH 3 OH), so that in this way a customary in previous methods conversion into CO 2 can be prevented.
  • Alcohol is suitable for use as fuel or can be converted into heat or electricity.
  • Waste heat which is produced in the described electro-thermo-chemical gasification of the biomass for storing energy in alcohol, can be made available, for example, for heating or hot water production.
  • a comparatively high overall efficiency of the described method or device for example of 90-100%, can be achieved.
  • the device described for carrying out the method described can be designed as a small decentralized device to be used, for example, in households or single-family homes. Basically, the device is arbitrarily scalable, so that even large devices or systems can be realized, which are centrally used.
  • the described method allows an addition of the energy amounts of electricity and biomass and allows by means of waste heat utilization a high overall efficiency.
  • biomass allows a diverse biomass utilization and thus a large raw material base.
  • the whole carbon of the biomass can be transformed considerably into alcohol. This results in essentially no carbon dioxide CO 2 .
  • Carbon dioxide CO 2 is only released during a subsequent use of the alcohol, for example during the combustion of the alcohol.
  • CO 2 is released as, for example, plants have taken up in the production of biomass.
  • Only the use of biomass makes it possible to store the electrical energy of the stream in liquid form as alcohol.
  • the power used for this purpose can be spatially separated from the alcohol production.
  • Wind turbines or solar plants can be set up in favorable locations, and the electricity produced can be directed to locations producing enough of the biomass to produce the alcohol.
  • the devices for the production of alcohol can also be installed directly next to the power generating facilities such as. The wind turbines or solar panels.
  • the device uses electrical energy from electricity to generate or recover alcohol. This allows in particular a use of so-called excess electricity that occur in the described energy conversion or power generation plants usually in times of low utilization or low demand.
  • the device may comprise a gasifier for gasification of the biomass to a gas mixture or a synthesis gas.
  • the apparatus may comprise a scrubber for scrubbing the gas mixture or for gas purification and / or an electrolysis device, it being possible to deposit inter alia carbon compounds from the gas mixture in the gas scrubber.
  • the electrolyzer uses electricity to produce hydrogen by electrolysis.
  • alcohol for example methanol (CH 3 OH)
  • CH 3 OH methanol
  • H 2 hydrogen
  • the alcohol is discharged accordingly and can be stored in tanks.
  • the waste heat of the device described can be used, for example, for heating or domestic water production or also as process heat in suitable media.
  • the described apparatus for recovering the alcohol may utilize one or more (part) methods from a group of methods.
  • This group includes ideal gasification, real gasification, gas-steam reforming, coke-making, coke-hydrogenation, tar-condensation, electrolysis and methanol synthesis.
  • the above-described process for obtaining the alcohol may further comprise the steps of: heating the biomass with power or gasifying the biomass into a gas mixture and cracking carbon-hydrogen compounds (CH compounds) contained in the gas mixture, with the help of the so-called steam reforming or the gas-steam reforming.
  • the gassing and simultaneously heated gas mixture can be passed to a recovery of heat through countercurrent heat exchanger and are used in this way both for heating the gas mixture produced, as well as the biomass. In this way, only energy losses with electrical energy of the current used must be compensated, otherwise a power supply can be achieved by means of the recovery of heat.
  • the gas mixture or synthesis gas formed in the process described comprises carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ).
  • CO carbon monoxide
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • H 2 hydrogen
  • the described method may comprise a multi-stage gas processing, which consists of several steps.
  • heating takes place by means of the electrical energy of the stream and additional heating of the gas mixture by means of countercurrent heat exchangers.
  • the gas treatment as already mentioned, a gas-steam reforming, a coke-smoldering with oxygen (O 2 ) and a tar Condensate-steam reforming include.
  • a separation of possibly accumulating ash, which arises in particular during the gasification of the biomass, can be carried out by means of a preliminary separation in a ash box with rust.
  • the device may comprise electrostatic filters, which are designed for the combustion of ash. It is also possible to use fabric fine filters. To prevent fouling or clogging of filters, so-called regeneration cycles can be provided in a controller of the device.
  • a so-called purge cycle can be used for the alcohol synthesis, such as, for example, the methanol synthesis.
  • the regeneration cycle described above may include, for example, burning the device by briefly heating the entire system or the entire device or parts of the device.
  • the described separation of the ash can be done, for example, by means of electrostatic filters, which are cleaned by means of regeneration can.
  • electrostatic filters require in contrast to fine filters, such as. Fine tissue filters, apart from the emptying of the ash boxes no maintenance.
  • fine filter or fine tissue filter is possible, which must be cleaned or replaced if necessary.
  • the catalyst used in the device allows a long service life when using low-sulfur biomass. However, if sulfur-containing biomass is used, a cyclic replacement of the catalyst may be necessary.
  • a sulfur filter in the form of a desulfurization stage is also usable. This may be provided in the form of a zinc oxide layer (ZnO) on a suitable support.
  • ZnO zinc oxide layer
  • H 2 S (hydrogen sulfide) with ZnO to ZnS (zinc sulfide) and H 2 O (water) are converted, the reaction described, for example. In a temperature range between 200 and 400 0 C can take place.
  • a condensate removal, which may be necessary in the device can take place, for example, by means of a separation with water and condensate.
  • biomass can be used as biomass. These include in particular wood, wood chips, pellets, as well as household waste, paper, cardboard, straw, grass and green waste. Algae, plankton and agricultural waste can also be used. PVC-free plastics or shredder waste can also be used as biomass.
  • the biomass can be provided here in solid form or in liquid form. Liquid biomass is known, for example, under the name "Bio-Slurry" and offers the advantage of a significantly reduced volume. compared to biomass in solid form.
  • Bio-Slurry offers the advantage of a significantly reduced volume. compared to biomass in solid form.
  • the efficiency of the method described or the device described depends greatly on the biomass used. For example. Therefore, in smaller and decentralized devices, higher quality biomass could be used to provide sufficient efficiency, whereas in large devices, almost any biomass, possibly with lower efficiency, could be used.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a system for the production of alcohol from electricity and biomass.
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of an apparatus for obtaining alcohol from biomass while supplying electrical energy from electricity.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a system for the production of fuel from electricity and biomass using the example of alcohol or methanol.
  • the system comprises a device 300 for methanol production, is introduced into the biomass for the production of methanol and which is described in detail in the following Figure 2.
  • methane and / or H 2 can additionally be supplied for hydrogenating the biomass.
  • the hydrogen H 2 can in this case either by means of hydrogen electrolysis (if appropriate devices are provided for this purpose) produced or, for example.
  • solar hydrogen (solar H 2 ) from a corresponding system are supplied.
  • CO 2 can also be introduced instead of or in addition to the biomass for operating the device 300.
  • water can be used for gasification of the biomass or for steam reforming of methane and water.
  • Electric power used to operate device 300 may be from ordinary sources or from Generative sources, such as wind turbines 11 and / or photovoltaic systems 12 are obtained.
  • the device provides 300 inorganic constituents of the supplied materials in the form of ashes as well as in the running in the device chemical reactions occurring heat and the desired fuel in the form of methanol. If the device 300 provides devices for hydrogen electrolysis, oxygen can also be produced.
  • the resulting methanol is passed from the device 300 into a reservoir 13 for storage, from which it can be retrieved for a variety of fuel uses.
  • DMFC direct methanol fuel cells
  • CHP combined heat and power plant
  • FIG. 2 shows a device for obtaining alcohol from biomass while supplying electrical energy.
  • the device 30 comprises a biomass container 31 for storing biomass. From the container 31, the biomass is conveyed via a feed 32 into a gasifier 33, where the biomass is gasified while supplying the electrical energy to a gas mixture.
  • the carburetor is heated by means of electrical energy and the biomass is burned or gasified by pyrolysis. Any accumulating ash can be removed via suitable devices (not shown).
  • the gasified gas mixture obtained in the gasification rises in a housing of the gasifier 33.
  • a heater 34 is arranged, in which from the gasification obtained gas mixture electrically further heated and passed from the heater 34 in a heat exchanger 35.
  • the heater 34 may include an after-heating with oxygen (not shown) so that oxygen is supplied and burned to generate heat.
  • the heat exchanger 35 comprises a reformer for reforming the gaseous mixture obtained from the gasification, and supplies the reformed gas mixture within the casing of the gasifier 33 in the opposite direction to the gasified gas mixture ascending and discharges the reformed gas mixture from the casing of the gasifier 33.
  • the heat exchanger 35 is designed such that it directs the reformed gas mixture in the opposite direction to the ascending gasified gas mixture and in this way heats the ascending gasified gas mixture by means of the further heated in the reforming reformed gas mixture.
  • a filling with catalytic function can be provided in the heat exchanger 35 or in associated lines of the heat exchanger 35, so that a catalyst can additionally be provided.
  • This filling may comprise, for example, cobalt, platinum or other suitable catalytically active materials.
  • the reformed gas mixture is passed into a gas scrubber 37 to wash the reformed gas mixture.
  • the reformed gas mixture carbon-containing compounds, in particular hydrocarbons containing compounds (CH), such as tar, deprived.
  • CH hydrocarbons containing compounds
  • These withdrawn carbonaceous compounds can be fed back to the biomass by suitable means and in a new pass the gasifier 33, the heater 34 and the heat exchanger 35 with reformer pass and are removed in this way.
  • the usually long-chain carbon-containing compounds are split by the so-called cracking.
  • the device for recycling carbonaceous compounds is not shown in FIG.
  • the scrubbing gas mixture produced in the gas scrubber 37 can optionally be filtered, as shown, in a filter 38 which, for example, is designed as a fine-tissue filter or electrostatic filter.
  • the resulting filtered or washed gas mixture is then passed through a catalytic reaction in a catalyst 39 for the production of alcohol from the washed or filtered gas mixture.
  • a separation of the alcohol in a separator 40 and a discharge of the alcohol in a tank 41 Since only a part of the gas mixture reacts in a catalytic converter during the catalytic reaction, the device can be designed such that the gas mixture remaining after the separator 40 the catalyst 39 passes several times to bring remaining residues or components of the gas mixture also to the reaction.
  • the remaining gas mixture is fed back to the catalyst 39 after passing through the separator 40.
  • the remaining gas mixture is added to the filtered or scrubbed gas mixture fed from the scrubber 37 or the filter 38 and introduced together into the catalyst 39.
  • the device 30 has a device for hydrogen electrolysis 42 in order to prepare hydrogen. to deliver.
  • the hydrogen is introduced, for example, into the feed 32 and / or the gasifier 33 and / or in the region of the separator 40.
  • the device 30 is designed so that the entire device 30 is a closed system that can be acted upon with a uniform internal pressure.
  • the internal pressure can be generated, for example, by the gasification of the biomass and thus provide the system pressure necessary in particular for the catalyst.
  • a system pressure of the described device is to be understood, although the time is variable in the pressurized areas of the device, but at any time has a substantially equal pressure.
  • Local pressure differences which are inevitably necessary for the movement of the gas mixture, should therefore be small in relation to the prevailing system pressure, so that they are negligible in view of the system pressure.
  • pressure drops or increases may occur due to incoming and outgoing volume flows, which, however, also have a negligible amount.
  • the system pressure in the device described can be in the order of 10 to 200 bar.
  • the pressure differences described are less than 0.1 bar and are therefore negligible.
  • the internal pressure can fluctuate over time within the limits described from 10 bar to 200 bar. Yet The same local internal pressure prevails at any time in the entire device, neglecting the described local pressure differences, so that it is possible to speak of a uniform internal pressure.
  • An embodiment of the entire device as a closed system with a uniform internal pressure allows in particular a direct supply of biomass from the biomass tank 31, since this is also integrated into the entire system and also is under the internal pressure. A connection of the biomass container 31 via a pressure lock is therefore not necessary.
  • the biomass container 31 can be designed so that it receives or stores a certain amount of biomass, for example, for several hours of operation of the plant or its daily requirement. Only when the container is empty, the internal pressure of the system is lowered to atmospheric pressure and the filling of the biomass container 31 can be done again. Subsequently, the gasification begins again, whereby the erfordereliche system pressure or internal pressure of the system is built independently.
  • purge gas recirculation 43
  • gases or components of the remaining gas mixture such as methane can be converted again in the reformer to CO and H 2 .
  • An enrichment of nitrogen and other inert gases or gas components can be achieved by cyclical or continuous partial withdrawal from the recirculated remaining gas mixture (so-called or purge gas) can be prevented.
  • purge gas can either be separated by molecular sieves 44, the unwanted part or the corresponding molecules or it is burned directly. The resulting heat can be used for the method described or the device described.

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif permettant d'obtenir un combustible à partir de biomasse, avec apport d'énergie électrique, ledit dispositif comprenant les composants suivants : un gazéificateur (33) servant à gazéifier la biomasse, avec apport d'énergie électrique, de manière à obtenir un mélange gazeux; un reformeur (35) servant au reformage du mélange gazeux obtenu lors de la gazéification; un laveur de gaz (38) servant à laver le mélange gazeux reformé; un catalyseur (39) servant à effectuer une réaction catalytique de manière à obtenir un mélange réactionnel à partir du mélange gazeux lavé et un séparateur (40) servant à séparer le combustible du mélange réactionnel. Ce dispositif comprend des dispositifs d'apport d'hydrogène pour l'hydrogénation de la biomasse et du mélange gazeux obtenu lors de la gazéification et constitue, en fonctionnement, un système fermé présentant une pression interne homogène.
EP09741777A 2008-05-07 2009-03-11 Dispositif et procédé de gazéification électro-thermo-chimique de biomasse Withdrawn EP2310476A2 (fr)

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PCT/EP2009/001728 WO2009135558A2 (fr) 2008-05-07 2009-03-11 Dispositif et procédé de gazéification électro-thermo-chimique de biomasse

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CN103670819A (zh) * 2013-05-23 2014-03-26 辛乐 尾气低排放内燃机原理结构与工艺技术
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US20110203537A1 (en) 2011-08-25
WO2009135558A3 (fr) 2010-03-04
EP2300567A2 (fr) 2011-03-30
US20110185634A1 (en) 2011-08-04
WO2009135559A3 (fr) 2010-03-04
WO2009135559A2 (fr) 2009-11-12

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