EP2298450A1 - Séparateur électrique et procédé de séparation de particules à partir de gaz - Google Patents

Séparateur électrique et procédé de séparation de particules à partir de gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2298450A1
EP2298450A1 EP10009783A EP10009783A EP2298450A1 EP 2298450 A1 EP2298450 A1 EP 2298450A1 EP 10009783 A EP10009783 A EP 10009783A EP 10009783 A EP10009783 A EP 10009783A EP 2298450 A1 EP2298450 A1 EP 2298450A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
voltage electrode
high voltage
auxiliary
electrostatic precipitator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10009783A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2298450B1 (fr
Inventor
Ulrich Riebel
Joachim Schwentner
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KMA Umwelttechnik GmbH
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KMA Umwelttechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP2298450A1 publication Critical patent/EP2298450A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
    • B03C3/016—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation by acoustic or electromagnetic energy, e.g. ultraviolet light
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/60—Use of special materials other than liquids
    • B03C3/64—Use of special materials other than liquids synthetic resins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/66—Applications of electricity supply techniques
    • B03C3/68—Control systems therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrostatic precipitator for separating dusts from aerosols having an electrical resistance with a precipitation electrode and a high voltage electrode. Furthermore, a method for the separation of dusts is set forth by the invention.
  • Dry electrostatic precipitators for particle separation from gases are, according to common wisdom, only effective for a specific dust resistance in the range of 10 5 to 10 11 ⁇ cm. With dust resistances above 10 10 to 10 11 ⁇ cm it comes to the doctrine to the so-called back spray.
  • the upper limit of the permissible dust resistance in electrostatic precipitators is the range between 10 10 and 10 11 ⁇ cm. For dusts with higher spec. Resistance Various measures are known to improve the Abscheidberry.
  • an attempt is made to influence the resistance by selecting the temperature range, by controlling the moisture or by adding additives such as SO 2 to the flue gas.
  • Another approach is to reduce the current at the collecting electrode. At the same time, however, a high field strength should be maintained in order to ensure a good separation of the charged particles.
  • a known measure for this is the use of a pulsed high voltage power supply. This ensures that only during the brief voltage spikes, a current flow takes place, so that the current flow is reduced in the time average. The setting of the mean current is made by the frequency of the pulses.
  • the deposition can be significantly improved (enhancement factor) and a separability of the dusts in the range of 10 13 ⁇ cm reached become [ KR Parker, Applied Electrostatic Precipitation, Chapman & Hall, London 1997, pp 166-172, 230-240 ]
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device and a method that ensure reliable deposition of high-resistance dust, especially in the range greater than 10 11 ⁇ cm.
  • the present object is achieved by an electrostatic precipitator having the features of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention are the subject of the dependent subclaims 2 to 19. Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method according to the features of claim 20, with the advantageous developments according to the dependent subclaims 21 to 24.
  • the device according to the invention for separating dusts from an aerosol with an electrical resistance has at least one precipitation electrode and one high-voltage electrode. Between the high voltage electrode and the precipitation electrode, an electric field can be generated as a function of the potential applied to the high voltage electrode, in which the dust particles are statically charged by a corona discharge. The charged dust particles migrate through the separation chamber to the precipitation electrode and are deposited thereon, so the particles generate a current flow in the direction of the precipitation electrode. To the re-spraying of the high-resistance dust particles From the collecting electrode back into the room to avoid, the current density of the corona discharge at the collecting electrode must be lowered.
  • the device for this purpose has at least one means for supplying auxiliary energy to the high-voltage electrode, whereby the release of charges is controllable.
  • charges are released on the surface of the high-voltage electrode or in the region adjacent to the surface due to the supplied auxiliary energy.
  • Suitable means for generating the auxiliary energy with which very low current intensities can be controlled advantageously represent suitable irradiation means for generating light, in particular UV light or radioactive rays or X-radiation.
  • the high-voltage electrode is preferably located negative potential, since the UV radiation can generally release only negative charges from the surface of the high voltage electrode.
  • Advantageous irradiation means are preferably one or more Hg gas discharge lamps and / or arc lamps and / or halogen lamps and / or UV light-emitting diodes.
  • the surface of the high voltage electrode is completely or at least partially irradiated.
  • the current efficiency can be regulated on the basis of the dimension of the irradiated area of the high-voltage electrode.
  • the targeted irradiation of individual Surface segments of the surface of the high voltage electrode of the current flow are generated or influenced specifically at certain points.
  • the placement of the irradiation means is advantageously carried out arbitrarily within the device, more preferably at least one irradiation means within the housing wall of the device for depositing dusts and / or on or within one or more electrodes, for example the high voltage electrode, precipitation electrode or any other arbitrary electrode, arranged. This corresponds to a particularly favorable and space-saving arrangement of the or the appropriate irradiation means.
  • the irradiation means used in particular the irradiation means for generating light, it is conceivable that they are surrounded by a transparent, preferably UV light-transmissive envelope or at least by a protective window.
  • the shell or the window serve to prevent deposits of the deposited materials on the irradiation means, which could limit the functionality of these noticeable during operation. Due to the translucent, especially UV light permeable substances non-impaired radiation function of the agent is still guaranteed.
  • a means for cleaning the window or the shell is preferably arranged on the irradiation means.
  • a filament may alternatively be provided as a means for supplying the auxiliary energy, which is connected or connectable to the high-voltage electrode.
  • the controllable release of charges is in this case by a thermally induced emission of electrons from the surface of the high voltage electrode.
  • the means comprises at least one insulated auxiliary electrode, which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the high-voltage electrode.
  • the auxiliary power for controlling the current in the form of a barrier discharge can be supplied. It is conceivable that the barrier discharge can be provoked in the boundary region between the high-voltage electrode and the insulating layer of the auxiliary electrode or at least in individual sub-segments of said layer by means of the auxiliary electrode.
  • the discharges, i. the release of charges is controlled by the device or precisely adjustable. Depending on the contact geometry and the applied electrical potential of the high-voltage electrode, part of the charges of one polarity can escape from the barrier discharge, charge the dust particles to be deposited, and consequently deposit them on the collecting electrode.
  • auxiliary electrode is completely or at least partially enveloped by a dielectric in order to aim at isolating the auxiliary electrode from the high-voltage electrode. It is also conceivable that an existing air gap with defined and known dimensions acts as a dielectric between the two electrodes. Suitable materials for forming a dielectric are in particular polymer, glass, ceramic or other insulating materials.
  • an AC voltage can preferably be applied to the auxiliary electrode.
  • charges are shifted in the particular dielectric insulation and it comes to the occurrence of barrier discharges in the region between the dielectric and the high voltage electrode.
  • the applied alternating voltage is adjustable in terms of frequency and amplitude, in particular in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz, more preferably 50 Hz, and in the amplitude range preferably from 100 V to 20 kV.
  • the current flow generated by the deposited dust particles in the electric field, which is based on the particle movement towards the collecting electrode, is thus influenced by the adjustment of the amplitude and the frequency of the voltage applied to the auxiliary electrode AC voltage or selectively controllable.
  • an isolating transformer for coupling the average potentials of the auxiliary and high voltage electrode is provided, which can be coupled to one another via a defined coupling point.
  • a means for measuring the current is provided, whereby changes in the current due to changes in the dust layer on the collecting electrode or due to contamination and deposits on the means for supplying the auxiliary energy detected and optionally compensated by a readjustment.
  • the high-voltage electrode has a complete or at least partially applied coating on the surface, which has a lower electron work function. As a result, the charge discharge is specifically promoted at certain points of the high voltage electrode.
  • a method for the separation of dust with electrical resistance from aerosols with a device having a high voltage electrode and a collecting electrode, wherein the high voltage electrode is operated with a DC voltage below the corona threshold voltage and this auxiliary energy for the controlled release of charges, in particular or at the surface of the high voltage electrode.
  • a DC voltage in the range between a few kV up to about 150 kV is applied.
  • An electric field is applied in the region between the high voltage electrode and the collecting electrode, the direction of flow of which points in the direction of the collecting electrode.
  • the release of charges on the surface or in the near-surface region can be controlled in a controlled manner and consequently the occurring current flow in the field of the device can be controlled and influenced.
  • the potential and the current intensity of the corona discharge are regulated, the current strength preferably in a wide range, preferably up to the size of ⁇ A / m 2 , particularly preferably up to the size of pA / m 2 , reliable and with sufficient sensitivity can be adjusted.
  • the inventive method for the deposition of dusts with electrical resistance with an electrostatic precipitator is performed.
  • the control of the release of charges or the control of the current flow takes place according to the principle of the supply of auxiliary power to the high voltage electrode by means of one of the described means according to the proposed embodiments.
  • Fig. 1 outlines the basic structure of a device for the electrical separation of dusts from aerosols, in which the auxiliary power is supplied to control the current in the form of a barrier discharge.
  • the high voltage required for the generation of the electric field is generated by the device 2 and is applied to the high voltage electrode 1, with which the electric field is generated in the direction of the precipitation electrode 5.
  • the auxiliary electrode 10 is located in the immediate vicinity of the high-voltage electrode 1 and is separated therefrom by an insulating dielectric 15.
  • the insulating dielectric 15 can completely or partially encase the auxiliary electrode 10 and consists for example of one of the substances polymer, glass or ceramic. Alternatively, the dielectric 15 can also be realized by an air gap.
  • the auxiliary electrode 10 is excited with an AC voltage generated by the device 11.
  • the barrier discharge occurs in the region between the insulation 15 of the auxiliary electrode 10 and the high voltage electrode 1.
  • Part of the gas ions generated in the barrier discharge can move to the collecting electrode 5 in the same field as the high voltage electrode 1 ,
  • the associated current flow can by choosing the AC frequency and amplitude of the device 11, the High voltage at the high voltage electrode 1, the thickness of the dielectric 15 and the dimensions of the electrodes 1, 5, 10 are varied within very wide limits.
  • Fig. 2 shows such an arrangement with the high voltage electrode 1, the auxiliary electrode 10, the dielectric 15, the isolation transformer 20 and the coupling point 21.
  • Auxiliary electrode 10 and high voltage electrode 1 are interconnected via an input of the isolation transformer 20.
  • At the second input of the isolation transformer is fed via the device 11 with an AC voltage defined in frequency and amplitude.
  • the DC voltage of the device 2 is coupled via the coupling point 21 in the isolating transformer 20.
  • the frequency of the AC voltage generated by the device 11 can be varied in the range of 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. Particularly simple and advantageous is the use of an AC frequency of 50 Hz, since this corresponds to a standard mains supply voltage.
  • the configured amplitude of the AC voltage is typically in the range of 100 V to 20 kV.
  • the high-voltage electrode 1 can be embodied as a load-bearing part of the device according to the invention and one or more auxiliary electrodes 10 with the surrounding dielectric 15 can be arranged on the surface of the high-voltage electrode 1 present ( Fig. 3a ), with an air gap 16 from the surface of the high-voltage electrode 1 to be lifted ( Fig. 3b ) or embedded in the surface of the high-voltage electrode 1 ( Fig. 3c ).
  • the auxiliary electrode 10 can be designed with the surrounding dielectric 15 as the supporting part of the device according to the invention, and the high-voltage electrode 1 can rest on the surface of the auxiliary electrode 10 (FIG. Fig. 3d, Fig. 3e ), be lifted off with an air gap 16 from the surface of the auxiliary electrode 10 ( Fig. 3f ) or in the auxiliary electrode 10 surrounding dielectric 15 be embedded ( Fig. 3g ).
  • the high-voltage electrode 1 may be enveloped by a dielectric ( Fig. 3d ), if only very low current densities are to be generated and the dielectric has a sufficient conductivity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
EP20100009783 2009-09-18 2010-09-17 Séparateur électrique et procédé de séparation de particules à partir de gaz Not-in-force EP2298450B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200910042113 DE102009042113A1 (de) 2009-09-18 2009-09-18 Elektroabscheider und Verfahren zur Partikelabscheidung aus Gasen

Publications (2)

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EP2298450A1 true EP2298450A1 (fr) 2011-03-23
EP2298450B1 EP2298450B1 (fr) 2014-04-09

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EP20100009783 Not-in-force EP2298450B1 (fr) 2009-09-18 2010-09-17 Séparateur électrique et procédé de séparation de particules à partir de gaz

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EP (1) EP2298450B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102009042113A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014101742A1 (de) 2014-02-12 2015-08-13 Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg Verfahren zum Abscheiden von hochohmigen Partikeln aus einem Aerosol und Elektroabscheider

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE431783A (fr) *
US2019485A (en) * 1933-06-23 1935-11-05 Int Precipitation Co Method and apparatus for electrical precipitation
US3957462A (en) * 1974-06-07 1976-05-18 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Ionizing electrode coated with plastics material
GB1544105A (en) * 1975-03-03 1979-04-11 Lindberg As Nea Electrostatic precipitator arrangement
US4203948A (en) * 1977-08-04 1980-05-20 Niels Brundbjerg Air purifier of the regenerating type
FR2502984A1 (fr) * 1981-04-03 1982-10-08 Belco Pollution Control Corp Dispositif a haute tension pour un systeme de depoussiereur electrostatique
DE3611019A1 (de) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-01 Dumitru Dr Ing Cucu Elektrostatische abscheidevorrichtung
JPH0338263A (ja) * 1989-07-05 1991-02-19 Sunpot Co Ltd 空気清浄器に於ける負荷の異常検出回路
WO1996011060A1 (fr) * 1994-10-05 1996-04-18 Strainer Lpb Aktiebolag Filtre a air a deux etages assurant une ionisation efficace
JP2001334123A (ja) * 2000-05-25 2001-12-04 Nec Corp 排ガス脱臭処理装置
WO2006098397A1 (fr) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-21 National University Corporation Kanazawa University Collecteur de particules ultrafines a concentration electrostatique et eliminateur de particules submicroniques utilise dans le collecteur
JP2008068207A (ja) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-27 Midori Anzen Co Ltd 電気集塵機の電源装置
DE102007061199A1 (de) * 2007-12-16 2009-06-18 Elituus Ltd. & Co. Kg Kraftwerksanlage und Verfahren zur Behandlung von Prozessluft aus Kraftwerkanlagen

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GB2012493B (en) * 1977-09-05 1982-02-24 Masuda S Device for electrically charging particles
DE19520194A1 (de) * 1995-06-01 1995-11-09 Siegfried Geldner Vorrichtung, insbesondere für Luftgeneratoren für Wohn- und Arbeitsräume, Klimageräte, Befeuchtungsgeräte, als Kaminaufsatz oder Einsatz in einem Abzug nach einem Brenner und dergleichen sowie zugehörige Verwendung
US20020176809A1 (en) * 1999-12-06 2002-11-28 Siess Harold E. Air conditioning and signaling apparatus
US20090071328A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2009-03-19 Dunn John P Grid type electrostatic separator/collector and method of using same
US6623544B1 (en) * 2002-10-31 2003-09-23 Kamaljit S. Kaura Air purification system and method of operation
DE202005008309U1 (de) * 2005-05-24 2005-08-04 Institut für Niedertemperatur-Plasmaphysik e.V. Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von Aerosolen, Schad- und Geruchsstoffen im Ionenwind
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Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE431783A (fr) *
US2019485A (en) * 1933-06-23 1935-11-05 Int Precipitation Co Method and apparatus for electrical precipitation
US3957462A (en) * 1974-06-07 1976-05-18 Metallgesellschaft Aktiengesellschaft Ionizing electrode coated with plastics material
GB1544105A (en) * 1975-03-03 1979-04-11 Lindberg As Nea Electrostatic precipitator arrangement
US4203948A (en) * 1977-08-04 1980-05-20 Niels Brundbjerg Air purifier of the regenerating type
FR2502984A1 (fr) * 1981-04-03 1982-10-08 Belco Pollution Control Corp Dispositif a haute tension pour un systeme de depoussiereur electrostatique
DE3611019A1 (de) * 1986-03-27 1987-10-01 Dumitru Dr Ing Cucu Elektrostatische abscheidevorrichtung
JPH0338263A (ja) * 1989-07-05 1991-02-19 Sunpot Co Ltd 空気清浄器に於ける負荷の異常検出回路
WO1996011060A1 (fr) * 1994-10-05 1996-04-18 Strainer Lpb Aktiebolag Filtre a air a deux etages assurant une ionisation efficace
JP2001334123A (ja) * 2000-05-25 2001-12-04 Nec Corp 排ガス脱臭処理装置
WO2006098397A1 (fr) * 2005-03-17 2006-09-21 National University Corporation Kanazawa University Collecteur de particules ultrafines a concentration electrostatique et eliminateur de particules submicroniques utilise dans le collecteur
JP2008068207A (ja) * 2006-09-14 2008-03-27 Midori Anzen Co Ltd 電気集塵機の電源装置
DE102007061199A1 (de) * 2007-12-16 2009-06-18 Elituus Ltd. & Co. Kg Kraftwerksanlage und Verfahren zur Behandlung von Prozessluft aus Kraftwerkanlagen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
K.R. PARKER: "Applied Electrostatic Precipitation", 1997, CHAPMAN & HALL, pages: 166 - 172,230-

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014101742A1 (de) 2014-02-12 2015-08-13 Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg Verfahren zum Abscheiden von hochohmigen Partikeln aus einem Aerosol und Elektroabscheider

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Publication number Publication date
EP2298450B1 (fr) 2014-04-09
DE102009042113A1 (de) 2011-04-21

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