EP2295923A2 - Heat exchanger, combustion engine and use of the heat exchanger - Google Patents

Abstract

The heat exchanger (100) has a block (10) for guiding the fluids (I,II), and has multiple flow channels (30) that pass through the former fluid. A chamber (41) is provided for receiving the flow channels, where the chamber passes through the latter fluid. A housing (40) is provided, in which the chamber and the flow channels are arranged. A flange has a single curvature that is deformed at a side of an influx chamfer for interior of an opening area.

Description

The invention relates to a heat exchanger for exchanging heat between a first fluid on the one hand and a second fluid on the other hand with a block for the separate and heat exchanging guidance of the first and the second fluid, comprising; a number of flow passages through which the first fluid passes; a chamber receiving the flow channels and permeable by the second fluid; a housing in which the chamber and the flow channels are arranged; and a floor substantially separating the first and second fluid which spaces the flow channels formed in the form of pipes, a holding portion of a pipe being held in an opening of the floor and the opening having a collar with an insertion slope widening the opening area.

An initially mentioned heat exchanger is disclosed, for example, in US Pat DE 100 16 029 A1 , This has openings in the form of passages with an approximately from the beginning to the end of a passage decreasing wall thickness, which is so thin at about the lower end of a connecting portion, that the insertion bevel can be folded to the outside. Such an insertion bevel provides a larger interface and provides sufficient leeway to ensure sufficient strength of the connection, even with tubes located at the lower longitudinal transient limit. In addition, the placement of a tube plate is facilitated on a tube bundle, even if distance tolerances of the tube bundle are not exactly met. It should also be possible to provide an improved solder joint.

In addition, however, it has proven to be problematic that flow cross sections of a pipe - that is, pipe dimensions - in the opening area may not be accurately mapped to an opening edge formed by the actual opening passage. This can lead to gaps between a pipe wall and the opening edge. In order to be able to provide a correct solder joint in this case, it has hitherto been customary to subsequently expand a pipe, for example with a mandrel or the like, and thus adapt it to the opening edge of the actual opening opening. However, the retaining section of a pipe can be damaged or damaged possibly even turbulators in a pipe are damaged. Overall, the problem arises that either a connection between the pipe and the floor in the area of the opening is leaking or a pipe can suffer damage through subsequent adaptation,

At this point, the invention begins, whose task is to provide a heat exchanger with an improved pipe-ground connection. In particular, an improved pipe-to-floor connection is to be made available in a heat exchanger which has an opening with a collar with an opening which widens the opening area.

It is also an improved internal combustion engine and a suitable use of the heat exchanger can be specified.

With regard to the heat exchanger, the object is achieved by the invention by means of a heat exchanger of the type mentioned, is provided in accordance with the invention that the collar has on at least one side an indentation to the interior of the opening portion deforming indentation. This improves the pipe-to-floor connection.

The invention also leads to an internal combustion engine with such a heat exchanger.

A heat exchanger according to the concept of the invention has proven particularly suitable for use in the form of an exhaust gas heat exchanger, for example an exhaust gas cooler for exhaust gas cooling, in an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.

The heat exchanger according to the concept of the invention has also proven to be preferred for use as a charge air cooler for the direct or indirect cooling of charge air in a Ladeluffzuführsystem for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.

Accordingly, the first fluid is in particular formed as an exhaust gas and / or a charge air. The second fluid is accordingly formed in particular as a coolant or the like. In particular, the coolant may be liquid,

The invention is based on the consideration that an insertion bevel facilitates the cassetting of a tube plate and a tube bundle and is fundamentally also suitable for a connection, in particular a solder connection, between a tube sheet and a holding portion of a pipe to improve. In addition, the invention has recognized that an insertion bevel, however, can not always eliminate the transverse dimension variance of a holding section of a tube in comparison to a cross section of the opening edge formed by the actual opening passage. Although an insertion bevel extends the opening area, this can even be disadvantageous if a holding section of a pipe has an undersize. In this case, the tube could be easily introduced with its holding portion in the extended opening portion of the opening, but would be insufficient soldering can be, since in such a case, a distance between the holding portion of the tube and opening edge proves to be too large. Based on this, the invention has recognized that the insertion bevel is to be provided on at least one side with a concavity that deforms to the interior of the opening region. The concavity makes it possible, according to the concept of the invention, to reliably fix even pipes which have too small a cross-section at their holding section compared to the opening cross-section. The invention has also recognized that this fixation is made available before the soldering process and thus the soldering process itself can already take place at a reliably fixed connection between the pipe and the tube sheet.

The opening of the bottom is particularly advantageous as a passage structure in a heat exchanger according to the invention. The thus formed in Durchsteckrichtung a tube collar of the passage has to an insertion bevel. An insertion bevel can be formed, for example, as a funnel-shaped extension of the opening area. In other words, an insertion bevel is arranged outwardly, ie on a side of the base directed away from the chamber of the heat exchanger block. The holding portion of the tube is particularly advantageous liquid-tight in the region of the insertion, in particular metallic, connected to the collar. The insertion be used in a particularly advantageous manner for receiving a Joining means between holding section and insertion bevel, so the insertion is particularly well suited, for example, as a fillet with training Lotdepots. In principle, a welding or adhesive or other joint connection can be used.

The holding portion of a tube is conveniently an end-side portion of a tube and passes through the aperture so that the distal end of the tube beyond the tube bottom, i. outside the chamber, is arranged. As a tube is particularly suitable a flat tube, such as a Mehrkammerflachrohr or a Einkammerflachrohr - particularly suitable, for example, a B-tube or the like, A flat tube has a narrow side and a broad side, which is associated with a corresponding narrow side and a broad side of the opening in the ground. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the opening of the tube plate is formed as a flat opening with a narrow side and a broad side. In such and other openings in a bottom of a heat exchanger according to the invention, it has proven to be particularly advantageous that the concavity is formed only on one or only on two gegenuberfregenden sides of the opening. This has the advantage that a tube, in particular a flat tube, in a corresponding opening by the concavity on preferably two opposite sides for a comparatively well clamped and on the other hand can be relatively well and simply threaded through the unchanged left insertion of the other two sides , This is true even for tubes with undersize.

Overall, the known disadvantages of the prior art are avoided by the concept of the invention. It is not only a simple cassetting of a tube plate and a tube bundle possible, but also a comparatively good and reliable and dense solder joint, even for pipes with undersize. Previously customary measures for widening a pipe cross-section in the region of the holding section of a pipe can be dispensed with. Rather, it allows the concept of the invention that when inserting even a tube with undersize due to the concavity, an accurate matching of the cross sections of the holding portion of the tube and the actual opening passage takes place in the ground. In the event that the collar of the opening is formed as a passage, the concept of the invention allows a self-acting during insertion of the tube compensation and adaptation of a draft contour or an opening edge on the one hand and a cross section of the tube in the holding section on the other. Overall, a joint connection between the tube sheet and the bottom can be advantageously optimized. In addition, the concept of the invention makes it possible to increase production throughput and make assembly of floor and tube bundles more reliable and easier.

Further preferred developments of the invention can be found in the subclaims and specify in detail advantageous possibilities to realize the above-described concept within the scope of the problem as well as with regard to further advantages.

In a preferred embodiment, the opening of the bottom is formed as a flat opening and the concavity is arranged only on two opposite collar sides of the opening. Preferably, these are the narrow sides of the collar. As a result, the simplified introduction of a tube is largely maintained in the opening by leaving the lead-in at a broad side of the collar and yet achieved by the concavity on a narrow side of the collar sufficient fixation of a pipe. This area forces the tube cross-section with respect to the actual opening passage of the soil to a precise shape when inserting the tube. The mold is then completely closed and firmly fixed in the opening of the soil. A further expansion of the pipe cross-section is not required. An improved solder joint is already achievable due to the good fixation of the tube in the ground. Likewise are unwanted changes in the holding area of the tube reliably prevented.

The curvature can basically be carried out to varying degrees. Beilspielsweise, in the context of a first preferred embodiment, the concavity partially or completely cancel the insertion. In particular, it is provided that a Einwölbungsmaß increases with a collar height. For example, a Einwölbungsmaß increase with a collar height as well as a skew of the insertion bevel. This leads, in the context of a particularly preferred development, to the fact that, at least in the region of a ridge of the concavity, the collar is aligned with the opening edge formed by the actual opening passage. It may also project in the region of the ridge of the collar beyond the opening edge into a region of the actual opening passage. Preferably, the ridge of the concavity is aligned with the opening edge or protrudes beyond this in the region of a narrow side of a flat opening. As a result, a flat tube with the advantages explained above can be kept very narrow or less narrow in a particularly advantageous manner.

A collar can basically run on all sides of the opening. It has also proven to be advantageous that the collar extends only on one side or only on two opposite sides of the opening. The two opposite sides of the opening are in particular narrow sides of the opening. Accordingly, it has proven to be possible in principle that the concavity extends on all sides of the opening. In addition, it may be particularly advantageous that the concavity is arranged only on one side or only on opposite sides of an opening. The opposite sides of the opening are in particular narrow sides of the opening. For example, the collar on opposite narrow sides of an opening can be formed like a tab with a larger collar height than on a broadside of the opening. The tab is particularly well suited to carry a concavity according to the concept of the invention.

In the context of a particularly preferred development of the invention, the concavity is formed as a nose directed to the opening area. The nose unfolds - as a clamping nose - preferably a clamping action on an associated side of a holding portion of a tube, when it is inserted into the opening.

Within the scope of a further development of the invention, the collar can have a section with no opening (ie at the distal end of the collar) without an indentation and / or an opening-near section with a concavity (ie at the proximal end of the collar). This has the advantage that the insertion of a pipe into the opening region is optimally supported by an opening-distant section without concavity, while even undersized pipes can be securely fixed in an opening-near section with concavity, for example on a narrow side of the opening.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described below with reference to the drawing. This is not necessarily to scale the embodiments, but the drawing, where appropriate for explanation, executed in a schematized and / or slightly distorted form. With regard to additions to the teachings directly recognizable from the drawing reference is made to the relevant prior art. It should be understood that various modifications and changes may be made in the form and detail of an embodiment without departing from the general spirit of the invention. The features of the invention disclosed in the specification, drawings, and claims may be viewed individually as well as in any combination essential for the development of the invention. In addition, fall within the scope of the invention, all combinations of at least two of in the description, the drawing and / or the claims disclosed features. The general idea of the invention is not limited to the exact form or detail of the preferred embodiment shown and described below or limited to an article which would be limited in comparison to the subject matter claimed in the claims. For the given design ranges, values within the stated limits should also be disclosed as limit values and be arbitrarily usable and claimable. For simplicity, the same reference numerals are used below for identical or similar parts or parts with identical or similar function.

Fig. 1:

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Wärmetauschers einer bevorzug- ten Ausführungsform;

Fig 2:

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Blocks des Wärmetauschers der Fig. 1;

Fig. 3, Fig. 4:

eine perspektivische Darstellung in Fig. 3 - in Fig. 4 als Explosions- darstellung - zur Kassettierung eines Rohrbündels in einem Rohrbo- den bei einem Block der Fig. 2;

Fig. 5:

eine Draufsicht auf einen Rohrboden, der gemäß dem Konzept der Erfindung ausgebildet ist und zum Einsatz bei einem Wärmetau- scher der Fig. 1 bzw. einem Wärmetauscherblock der Fig. 2 bis Fig. 4 vorgesehen ist;

Fig. 6:

in Ansicht (A) eine vergrößerte Draufsicht auf eine Schmalseite einer Öffnung des Rohrbodens der Fig. 5 und in Ansicht (B) eine Teil- schnittdarstellung der Ansicht (A).

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the preferred embodiments and from the drawing; this shows in:

Fig. 1:

a perspective view of a heat exchanger of a preferred embodiment;

Fig. 2:

a perspective view of a block of the heat exchanger of Fig. 1 ;

3, 4:

a perspective view in Fig. 3 - in Fig. 4 as an exploded view - for cassetting a tube bundle in a tube sheet at a block of the Fig. 2 ;

Fig. 5:

a plan view of a tube sheet, which is designed according to the concept of the invention and for use in a heat exchanger of the Fig. 1 or a heat exchanger block of Fig. 2 to Fig. 4 is provided;

Fig. 6:

in view (A) is an enlarged plan view of a narrow side of an opening of the tube bottom of the Fig. 5 and in view (B) is a partial sectional view of the view (A).

Fig. 1 shows a heat exchanger 100 in the form of an exhaust gas cooler with a in Fig. 1 laterally open block 10 for the separate and heat exchanging guidance of a first fluid I in the form of an exhaust gas and a second fluid II in the form of a coolant. The supply of the coolant is present symbolically represented by an arrow for the second fluid II. The first fluid I is the block 10 via connection port 20 to supply or removed. In this case, a connecting piece 20 expands from an exhaust pipe to a funnel for forming a diffuser 21, which serves for the uniform flow of a flow cross section for the first fluid I formed by flow channels 30. The block 10 has, in addition to a tube bundle for forming the number of Strömtingskanälen 30 through which the first fluid I flows through a chamber 41 in a housing 40 of the block 10 which receives the flow channels and can be flowed through by the second fluid II, which housing 40 is shown as laterally open. The block 10 moreover has a bottom 50 largely separating the first fluid I and the second fluid II. In the present case, a bottom 50 serves to connect an inflow-side diffuser 21 (bottom left in FIG Fig. 1 ) and an outflow-side diffuser 21 (upper right in the Fig. 1 ). The different floors 50 and diffusers 21 are provided with the same reference numerals for the sake of simplicity.

In Fig. 2 the block 10 of the heat exchanger 100 with the bundle of flow channels 30, the housing 40 and the floors 50 is shown in more detail. The flow channels 30 are presently formed in the form of flat tubes having a in Fig. 4 have apparent narrow side 31 and broadside 32. FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 show in a perspective or exploded view the connection of the flat tubes 30 on one of the floors 50. From this It can be seen that a bottom 50 keeps the tubes 30 at a distance. For this purpose, an end-side holding portion H of a tube 30 is held in an opening 51 of the bottom 50 in the present case. In the present case, the holding portion H is formed as an end-side portion which passes through the opening 51 of the bottom 50 and is thus arranged with a distal end E of the tube 30 beyond the bottom 50.

Fig. 5 shows in plan view formed according to the concept of the invention bottom 50 with the already explained openings 51. The opening 51 is present for receiving a flat tube with the narrow side 31 of the flat tube associated narrow side S and one of the broad side 32 of the flat tube 30 associated broadside B in Shape of a flat opening executed. An opening 51 is presently formed as a passage, a in Fig. 6 (A), (B) has better recognizable collar 52. The collar 52 extends at its foot (proximal end) along an opening edge 53 of the opening 51 formed by the actual opening passage. Towards the distal end of a tube 30 and collar 52, ie beyond the chamber 41, the collar 52 opens with a Opening area - in the foot of the collar of the opening passage - widening insertion bevel 1. The insertion bevel 1 opens in the present funnel-shaped starting from the opening edge 53rd

Following the concept of the invention is in the in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 bottom 50 shown on the narrow side S of the opening 51 of the collar provided with a the insertion chamfer 1 to the interior of the opening portion deforming concavity 2. In the present case, the concavity 2 is formed in such a way that it virtually eliminates the insertion bevel 1 on the narrow side S of the opening 51. In particular, in the region of the ridge 3 of the concavity 2, the collar 52 is aligned with the opening edge 53 formed by the actual opening passage. In the present case, this is achieved in that the concavity the concavity 2 increases with a collar height exactly as an oblique dimension of the insertion bevel 1; These thus cancel each other out.

While the insertion bevel 1 at the in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrated embodiment extends on all sides of the opening 51, the concavity 2 is only on the narrow side S of the opening 51 mounted - concretely on the opposite narrow sides S of the opening 51, like out Fig. 6 (B) it can be seen, the concavity 2 is formed in the form of a clamping nose for a flat tube 30 to be held in the opening 51. The clamping nose is to clamp the flat tube at its opposite narrow sides 31. This has the advantage that one - as out Fig. 4 visible - introduced flat tube through the running at the broad side B of the opening 51 funnel-shaped insertion 1 even without incorrect positioning to the bottom 50 is threaded securely. Nevertheless, the tube 30, at least in the region of the ridge 3 of the clamping lug, is frictionally held by the clamping nose. Optionally, even when inserting the tube 30 into the opening 51, the tube 30 can be suitably deformed or clamped at its holding portion H, so as to adopt a shape as accurate as possible, which practically corresponds to the course of the opening edge 53. In other words, even a pipe cross-section Q of a pipe 30 made with undersize or otherwise inaccurate would be deformed at its holding section H by the transverse forces acting from the clamping nose on the ridge 3 of the concavity 2. The deformation is such that the contour of the cross section Q - for example, on the broad side B of the opening 51 and / or on the narrow side S of the opening 51 - applies to the opening edge 53 and is pushed there.

Due to the formation of the concavity 2 in the insertion bevel 1 of the collar 52 of the opening 51 according to the concept of the invention, the tube 30 is thus already held in the opening 51 before a solder connection. In addition, the solder joint to be subsequently attached in a space between the insertion 1 and holding portion H of the tube 30th be attached - the funnel-shaped course of the insertion bevel 1 forms a Lotkehle, which also serves as a solder depot. It forms a reliable and tight solder joint to ensure safe separation of the first fluid 1 from the second fluid II through the bottom 50. A balance and the automatic adjustment of the tube cross-section Q on the contour of the opening edge 53 is according to the concept of the invention by the concavity 2 reached on the narrow side S.

• eine Anzahl von dem ersten Fluid I durchströmbaren Strömungskanälen 30
• eine die Strömungskanäle 30 aufnehmende, von dem zweiten Fluid II durchströmbare Kammer 41,
• ein Gehäuse 40, in dem die Kammer 41 und die Strömungskanäle 30 angeordnet sind, sowie
• ein das erste und zweite Fluid I, II weitgehend trennenden Boden 50, welcher die in Form von Rohren gebildeten Strömungskanäle 30 auf Abstand hält, wobei
• ein Halteabschnitt H eines Rohres in einer Öffnung 51 des Bodens 50 gehalten ist und die Öffnung 51 einen Kragen 52 mit einer den Öffnungsbereich erweiternden Einführschräge 1 aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß ist dabei vorgesehen, dass der Kragen 52 an wenigstens einer Seite eine die Einführschräge 1 zum Inneren des Offnungsbereichs verformende Einwölbung 2 aufweist.

In summary, the invention relates to a heat exchanger 100 for heat exchange between a first fluid I on the one hand, in particular an exhaust gas and / or a charge air, and a second fluid 11 on the other hand, in particular a coolant, with a block 10 for the separate and heat exchanging guidance of the first and second fluid I, II comprising:

• a number of the flow channels 30 through which the first fluid I can flow
• a chamber 41 receiving the flow channels 30 and permeable by the second fluid II,
• a housing 40 in which the chamber 41 and the flow channels 30 are arranged, as well as
• a bottom 50 largely separating the first and second fluids I, II, which keeps the flow channels 30 formed in the form of tubes at a distance, wherein
• a holding portion H of a pipe is held in an opening 51 of the bottom 50, and the opening 51 has a collar 52 with an opening bevel 1 widening the opening area. According to the invention, it is provided that the collar 52 has an indentation 2 which deforms the insertion bevel 1 towards the interior of the opening region on at least one side.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

chamfer

2

concavity

3

ridge

10

block

20

spigot

21

diffuser

30

pipe

31

narrow side

32

broadside

40

casing

41

chamber

50

ground

51

opening

52

collar

53

opening edge

100

heat exchangers

I

first fluid

II

second fluid

B

broadside

e

distal end

H

holding section

Q

Pipe cross section

S

narrow side

Claims (13)

Heat exchanger (100) for heat exchange between a first fluid (I) on the one hand, in particular an exhaust gas and / or a charge air, and a second fluid (II) on the other hand, in particular a coolant, with a block (10) for the separate and heat exchanging leadership of first and second fluids (I, II) comprising: a number of flow channels (30) through which the first fluid (I) can flow a chamber (41) receiving the flow channels (30) and permeable by the second fluid (II), - A housing (40) in which the chamber (41) and the flow channels (30) are arranged, as well as - A largely separating the first and second fluid (I, II) bottom (50), which keeps the flow channels (30) formed in the form of tubes at a distance, wherein a holding section (H) of a tube is held in an opening (51) of the bottom (50) and the opening (51) has a collar (52) with an opening bevel (1) which widens the opening area, characterized in that
the collar (52) has on at least one side an indentation (2) which deforms the insertion bevel (1) towards the interior of the opening region, Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that the concavity (2) the insertion bevel (1) partially or completely repeals. Heat exchanger (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a Einwölbungsmaß increases with a collar height. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a Einwölbungsmaß increases with a collar height as a skew of the insertion bevel (1). Heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least in the region of a ridge (3) of the concavity (2) of the collar (52) is aligned with the opening edge formed by the actual opening passage (53) or over the opening edge (53) protrudes into a region of the actual opening passage. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the collar (52) extends on all sides of the opening (51). Heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the collar (52) extends only one or two sides of the opening (51), in particular only narrow side. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the concavity (2) only one or two sides of the opening (51), in particular only narrow side. Heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the concavity (2) a directed to the opening area nose, in particular clamping nose for the tube, is formed. A heat exchanger (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the collar (52) has an opening remote portion without concavity (2) and / or an opening near portion with concavity (2). Internal combustion engine with a heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10. Use of the heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10 as an exhaust gas heat exchanger, in particular as an exhaust gas cooler for exhaust gas cooling in an exhaust gas recirculation system of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. Use of the heat exchanger (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10 as a charge air cooler for the direct or indirect cooling of charge air in a charge air supply system for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle.

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