EP2295859B1 - Waste incineration plant with introduction of cooling gas - Google Patents

Waste incineration plant with introduction of cooling gas Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2295859B1
EP2295859B1 EP10170412.0A EP10170412A EP2295859B1 EP 2295859 B1 EP2295859 B1 EP 2295859B1 EP 10170412 A EP10170412 A EP 10170412A EP 2295859 B1 EP2295859 B1 EP 2295859B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
cooling gas
openings
incineration plant
waste incineration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10170412.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2295859A2 (en
EP2295859A3 (en
Inventor
Paw Andersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
Original Assignee
Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS filed Critical Babcock and Wilcox Volund AS
Publication of EP2295859A2 publication Critical patent/EP2295859A2/en
Publication of EP2295859A3 publication Critical patent/EP2295859A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2295859B1 publication Critical patent/EP2295859B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/08—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber for reducing temperature in combustion chamber, e.g. for protecting walls of combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/06—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air into the fire bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/09001—Cooling flue gas before returning them to flame or combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07003—Controlling the inert gas supply

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waste incineration plant comprising a furnace having a grate on which the waste being incinerated is transported from the waste inlet to the ash outlet.
  • the side walls extending along said grate comprises a wear zone in the form of a fluid-cooled panel positioned immediately adjacent to the grate and the upper wall zone above said wear zone is provided in the form of refractories.
  • the object of the present invention to provide a waste incineration plant of the kind referred to above, in which it is possible to protect the refractories of the upper wall zone from excessive temperatures without the above-mentioned problems with clogging and early wear of the perforated tiles, and this object is achieved with a waste incineration plant of said kind, which according to the present invention comprises the features of claim 1.
  • the fluid-cooled panel is provided with openings, through which cooling gas is introduced for reducing the thermal strain on the upper wall zone. With this arrangement the cooling gas is introduced through openings in the fluid-cooled panel and moved together with the burning gases along the side wall upwards, thereby cooling the upper wall zone and providing a buffer between the flames above the incinerated waste and said upper wall zone.
  • the side wall section of a waste incineration plant furnace shown in Fig. 1 comprises a fluid-cooled panel 5 positioned immediately adjacent the grate 2.
  • Said fluid-cooled panel 5 is composed of a number of mainly horisontal tubes 10 for circulating the cooling fluid, said mainly horisontal tubes 10 being mutually connected by fins 9 in order to provide a solid wall in the wear zone.
  • a number of openings 7 are provided through the fluid-cooled panel 5 at positions between the tubes 10, i.e. in the fins 9 mutually connecting the tubes 10, whereby cooling gas can be introduced through these openings 7.
  • a plenum 11 is provided for delivering cooling gas to the openings 7.
  • the cooling fluid circulated in the fluid-cooled panel 5 is preferably boiler water.
  • separate plenums 11 may be provided for separate sections in the mainly horisontal direction of the fluid-cooled panel 5, whereby individual adaptation of the supply of cooling gas can be provided.
  • the openings 7 in the fins between the tubes in the fluid-cooled panel 5 are provided in a mainly vertical part of said fluid-cooled panel 5 and an upper oblique part 8 of the fluid-cooled panel 5 above said openings 7 extends towards the refractories 6 of the upper wall zone 6 above the wear zone 5.
  • the openings 7 may naturally be provided either as circular openings or slits or any other geometrical form of opening. In order to ease the production, it is preferred that the openings 7 are provided in the form of circular holes.
  • the openings 7 are positioned in the vertical part of the fluid-cooled panel 5 and the number of cooling tubes 10 above said openings 7 is preferably more than three.
  • a flow measuring device may be provided, possibly in the form of several such measuring devices, one for each of the separate plenums 11 for delivery of the cooling gas. Furthermore, it will naturally be convenient to provide some form of control of the amount of cooling gas delivered to each of said plenums 11, said controlling possibly being provided in dependency of suitably measured parameters, such as measured temperatures in different positions inside the furnace 2, amount of waste incinerated in the plant, etc.
  • the cooling gas may be supplied from the air blower for secondary air, whereby the cooling gas is atmospheric air and thus being supplied via said openings 7 instead of or supplementary to secondary air supply via secondary air nozzles.
  • the supply of secondary air via secondary air nozzles is well-known from the prior art of waste incineration plants.
  • cooling gas can be to use re-circulated flue gas taken out, e.g. immediately in front of the stack, or elsewhere in the incineration plant flue gas processing system, where the flue gas has a suitable low temperature for the cooling purpose of the cooling gas.
  • the use of re-circulated flue gas reduces or eliminates the risk of increasing the burning and thus the temperature by the introduction of cooling gas.

Description

    Technical fields
  • The present invention relates to a waste incineration plant comprising a furnace having a grate on which the waste being incinerated is transported from the waste inlet to the ash outlet.
  • The side walls extending along said grate comprises a wear zone in the form of a fluid-cooled panel positioned immediately adjacent to the grate and the upper wall zone above said wear zone is provided in the form of refractories.
    • Background art
  • In incineration plants of this kind it is known to provide such a wear zone in the form of fluid-cooled panels positioned immediately adjacent to the grate, said wear zone panel being placed mainly horizontally along the grate and comprising a flexible sealing between the wear zone panel and the vertical furnace wall extending above said wear zone panel. Furthermore, said upper wall zone has been protected against excessive temperatures by having perforated wall tiles in said upper wall zone at positions subjected to the most intensive combustion zone on the grate and cooling air being supplied through said perforated wall tiles. However, these perforated wall tiles experience a tendency to clogging and cracking leading to necessary early replacement of said tiles.
  • In US 3,395,655 is disclosed an incineration plant having a fluid cooled panel being provided with air openings. However, these air openings are directed downwards towards the refuse. Similarly, from DE 33 01 783 is known an incineration plant having air openings in the side, wherein the air flowing from these openings towards the refuse from the side is intended for carrying oxygen to the refuse in order to accelerate the burning. None of these documents disclose tubes with cooling fluid and no interconnecting fins with holes for the flow of cooling fluid.
    • Disclosure of the invention
  • It is the object of the present invention to provide a waste incineration plant of the kind referred to above, in which it is possible to protect the refractories of the upper wall zone from excessive temperatures without the above-mentioned problems with clogging and early wear of the perforated tiles, and this object is achieved with a waste incineration plant of said kind, which according to the present invention comprises the features of claim 1. According to the invention, the fluid-cooled panel is provided with openings, through which cooling gas is introduced for reducing the thermal strain on the upper wall zone. With this arrangement the cooling gas is introduced through openings in the fluid-cooled panel and moved together with the burning gases along the side wall upwards, thereby cooling the upper wall zone and providing a buffer between the flames above the incinerated waste and said upper wall zone.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the invention are indicated in the subordinate claims, and the advantages provided by these preferred embodiments will be evident by reading the following detailed description of the invention.
    • Description of the drawings
  • In the following detailed part of the present description, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments of a waste incineration plant according to the invention shown in the drawings, in which
    • Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of a fluid-cooled panel provided with openings for cooling gas in accordance with the present invention,
    • Fig. 2 schematically shows the position of a plenum for supply of cooling gas to the openings in the fluid-cooled panel, and
    • Fig. 3 schematically shows a waste incineration plant furnace.
    Description of the preferred embodiment
  • The side wall section of a waste incineration plant furnace shown in Fig. 1 comprises a fluid-cooled panel 5 positioned immediately adjacent the grate 2. Said fluid-cooled panel 5 is composed of a number of mainly horisontal tubes 10 for circulating the cooling fluid, said mainly horisontal tubes 10 being mutually connected by fins 9 in order to provide a solid wall in the wear zone. A number of openings 7 are provided through the fluid-cooled panel 5 at positions between the tubes 10, i.e. in the fins 9 mutually connecting the tubes 10, whereby cooling gas can be introduced through these openings 7. On the side of the fluid-cooled panel 5 opposite the furnace chamber, a plenum 11 is provided for delivering cooling gas to the openings 7.
  • The cooling fluid circulated in the fluid-cooled panel 5 is preferably boiler water.
  • As can be seen in Fig. 2, separate plenums 11 may be provided for separate sections in the mainly horisontal direction of the fluid-cooled panel 5, whereby individual adaptation of the supply of cooling gas can be provided. As can been seen in Fig. 1, the openings 7 in the fins between the tubes in the fluid-cooled panel 5 are provided in a mainly vertical part of said fluid-cooled panel 5 and an upper oblique part 8 of the fluid-cooled panel 5 above said openings 7 extends towards the refractories 6 of the upper wall zone 6 above the wear zone 5. By this construction, a possible fluid slag is prevented from running down the fluid-cooled panel 5 to clog the openings 7 therein. The openings 7 may naturally be provided either as circular openings or slits or any other geometrical form of opening. In order to ease the production, it is preferred that the openings 7 are provided in the form of circular holes.
  • In order to secure the above-mentioned avoidance of blocking of the openings 7 by liquid slag, the openings 7 are positioned in the vertical part of the fluid-cooled panel 5 and the number of cooling tubes 10 above said openings 7 is preferably more than three.
  • In order to be able to control the flow of cooling gas through the openings 7 a flow measuring device may be provided, possibly in the form of several such measuring devices, one for each of the separate plenums 11 for delivery of the cooling gas. Furthermore, it will naturally be convenient to provide some form of control of the amount of cooling gas delivered to each of said plenums 11, said controlling possibly being provided in dependency of suitably measured parameters, such as measured temperatures in different positions inside the furnace 2, amount of waste incinerated in the plant, etc.
  • The cooling gas may be supplied from the air blower for secondary air, whereby the cooling gas is atmospheric air and thus being supplied via said openings 7 instead of or supplementary to secondary air supply via secondary air nozzles. The supply of secondary air via secondary air nozzles is well-known from the prior art of waste incineration plants.
  • Another possibility for the supply of cooling gas can be to use re-circulated flue gas taken out, e.g. immediately in front of the stack, or elsewhere in the incineration plant flue gas processing system, where the flue gas has a suitable low temperature for the cooling purpose of the cooling gas. The use of re-circulated flue gas reduces or eliminates the risk of increasing the burning and thus the temperature by the introduction of cooling gas.
  • Above the invention has been described in connection with a preferred embodiment thereof and many alternatives may be envisaged by a man skilled in the art without deviation from the boundaries set out in the subsequent claims.

Claims (8)

  1. Waste incineration plant comprising a furnace (1) having
    a grate (2) on which the waste being incinerated is transported from the waste inlet (3) to the ash outlet (4),
    side walls extending along said grate, said side walls comprising
    a wear zone in the form of a fluid-cooled panel (5) positioned immediately adjacent the grate (2), and
    an upper wall zone (6) above said wear zone, said upper wall zone being provided in the form of refractories (6),
    said fluid-cooled panel (5) being provided with openings (7) through which cooling gas is introduced for reducing the thermal strain on the upper wall zone (6),
    characterized by
    said openings (7) being provided in the form of slits or circular holes in fins (9) mutually connecting tubes (10) for circulating the fluid for cooling the fluid-cooled panel (5).
  2. Waste incineration plant in accordance with claim 1, characterized by said openings (7) in said fluid-cooled panel (5) being provided in a mainly vertical part of said fluid-cooled panel (5).
  3. Waste incineration plant in accordance with any of the preceding claims, characterized by said fluid-cooled panel having an upper oblique part (8) positioned closest to the upper wall zone (6).
  4. Waste incineration plant in accordance with any of the preceding claims, characterized by at least one, preferably more than three, cooling tubes (10) positioned in the fluid-cooled panel above said openings (7).
  5. Waste incineration plant in accordance with any of the preceding claims, characterized by comprising a flow measurement device measuring the flow of cooling gas introduced through said openings (7) and a control system controlling the flow of cooling gas dependent on suitably measured parameters, such as measured temperatures in different positions inside the furnace (1), amount of waste incinerated in the plant, etc.
  6. Waste incineration plant in accordance with any of the preceding claims, characterized by the delivery of cooling gas to said openings (7) being split up in delivery via several plenums (11) for individual control of cooling gas supply to different sections along the grate (2).
  7. Waste incineration plant in accordance with any of the preceding claims, characterized by said cooling gas being supplied from a secondary air blower.
  8. Waste incineration plant in accordance with any of the claims 1-5, characterized by said cooling gas being supplied in the form of recirculated flue gas.
EP10170412.0A 2009-08-07 2010-07-22 Waste incineration plant with introduction of cooling gas Active EP2295859B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200900916A DK176970B1 (en) 2009-08-07 2009-08-07 Waste incineration plant with introduction of cooling gas

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2295859A2 EP2295859A2 (en) 2011-03-16
EP2295859A3 EP2295859A3 (en) 2013-07-24
EP2295859B1 true EP2295859B1 (en) 2014-08-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10170412.0A Active EP2295859B1 (en) 2009-08-07 2010-07-22 Waste incineration plant with introduction of cooling gas

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2295859B1 (en)
DK (1) DK176970B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3395655A (en) * 1966-08-29 1968-08-06 Detroit Stoker Co Incinerator construction
DE3301783A1 (en) * 1983-01-20 1984-07-26 Wärmetechnik Dr. Pauli GmbH & Co Betriebs KG, 8035 Gauting Sidewall plates
DE19706077A1 (en) * 1997-02-17 1998-08-20 Loesche Gmbh Hot gas generator with burner for dust fuels
US6220190B1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2001-04-24 George David Dumbaugh Water-cooled oscillating grate system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK176970B1 (en) 2010-08-09
EP2295859A2 (en) 2011-03-16
EP2295859A3 (en) 2013-07-24

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