EP2295613A1 - ALLIAGE À BASE DE Mg - Google Patents
ALLIAGE À BASE DE Mg Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2295613A1 EP2295613A1 EP09758360A EP09758360A EP2295613A1 EP 2295613 A1 EP2295613 A1 EP 2295613A1 EP 09758360 A EP09758360 A EP 09758360A EP 09758360 A EP09758360 A EP 09758360A EP 2295613 A1 EP2295613 A1 EP 2295613A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- quasi
- magnesium
- crystal phase
- shows
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/04—Alloys based on magnesium with zinc or cadmium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/11—Making amorphous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C45/00—Amorphous alloys
- C22C45/005—Amorphous alloys with Mg as the major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an Mg-based alloy of which the yield anisotropy has been reduced.
- Magnesium is a lightweight and provides rich resources, and thus, magnesium is specifically noted as a material for weight reduction for electronic devices, structural members, etc.
- the alloy needs to show the high strength, ductility and toughness, from the viewpoints of safety and reliability for the human been.
- wrought alloys show higher ductility and toughness than those of the casted alloys. Therefore, the wrought process, i.e., strain working, is found to be one of the effective methods to obtain excellent characteristics of strength, ductility and toughness.
- the quasi-crystal phase has a good matching to a magnesium matrix interface, i.e., the interface between magnesium and quasi-crystal phase is coherency. Therefore, the dispersion of a quasi-crystal phase in a magnesium matrix causes to the reduction of the basal texture and can enhance the compression strength with high tensile strength. In addition, this alloy can reduce the yield anisotropy, which is an unfavorable characteristic to apply the structural parts.
- the rare earth element is an element that is rare and valuable. Therefore, if the alloy with the addition of rare earth elements could exhibit good properties, its material cost is expensive; not advantage from the industrial point of views.
- Patent References 1 to 3 merely specify that, the addition of a rare earth element (especially yttrium) is necessary to form the quasi-crystal phase in magnesium.
- Patent Reference 4 merely shows that, the addition of yttrium and other rare earth element is indispensable to form the quasi-crystal phase in magnesium.
- Patent Reference 5 merely specifies that the addition of yttrium and other rare earth element is indispensable to form the quasi-crystal phase in magnesium.
- This reference shows the working conditions (working temperature, speed, etc.) at the secondary forming using the magnesium alloys with dispersion of quasi-crystal phase.
- Non-Patent References 1 and 2 describe the formation of a quasi-crystal phase of Mg-Zn-Al alloy. However, since the phase is a quasi-crystal single phase, an Mg matrix does not exist in this alloy.
- Non-Patent Reference 3 the size of the Mg matrix is at least 50 ⁇ m since the alloys are produced by a casting method. Therefore, this reference does not show that the alloy exhibit high strength/high toughness properties on the same level as or higher than that of the above-mentioned, rare earth element-added (Mg-Zn-RE) alloys. In addition, it would involve technical difficulties (see Figs. 1 and 2 ).
- the present Invention has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned situation, and Its object is to make it possible to reduce the yield anisotropy, which is a serious problem of the wrought magnesium alloys, by using additive elements which are easily obtained in place of a rare earth element while maintaining a high tensile strength.
- the present invention is characterized by the following:
- uses of Zn and Al elements in place of a rare earth element expresses that the alloy with using of Zn and Al elements can reduce the yield anisotropy to the same level as or to a higher level than that in the alloy with a rare earth element.
- composition of the present invention represented by (100 - a - b) wt% Mg - a wt% Al - b wt% Zn satisfies 0.5 ⁇ b/a
- the results, which describe in below, show that the yield anisotropy could reduce.
- the yield anisotropy could reduce.
- 1 ⁇ b/a preferably 1.5 ⁇ b/a.
- a quasi-crystal phase and/or the close to the structure of the quasi-crystal phase is formed in magnesium.
- a quasi-crystal phase and/or the close to the structure of the quasi-crystal phase is formed in magnesium.
- the size of the magnesium matrix is preferably at most 40 ⁇ m, more preferably at most 20 ⁇ m, even more preferably at most 10 ⁇ m.
- the volume fraction of the quasi-crystal phase or the close to the structure of quasi-crystal phase is preferably from 1 % to 40%, more preferably from 2% to 30%.
- the size of the quasi-crystal phase particles and the close to the structure of quasi-crystal phase particles is preferably at most 5 ⁇ m, more preferably at most 1 ⁇ m, and its limit is preferably at least 50 nm.
- the applied strain is at least 1, and the temperature is from 200°C to 400°C (at intervals of 50°C - the same shall use hereafter).
- the alloys with the addition of rare earth elements have homogenized at a temperature of at most 460°C for at least 4 hours before the extrusion or severe plastic deformation.
- uniform dispersion of the quasi-crystal phase could be attained without the heat treatment before the extrusion or severe plastic deformation.
- the formation of the Quasi-crystal phase and the close to the structure of quasi-crystal phase is greatly influenced by the cooling speed during solidification.
- the quasi-crystal phase and the phase close to the structure of the quasi-crystal phase are possible to form even at the cooling rate. Therefore, the casted alloy is possible to be produced by not only the conventional casting process with a low cooling rate, but also die casting or rapid solidification with a high cooling rate.
- Mg - 8 wt.% Zn - 4 wt.% Al Pure magnesium (purity, 99.95%), 8 wt.% zinc and 4 wt% aluminium (hereinafter this is referred to as Mg - 8 wt.% Zn - 4 wt.% Al) were melted to produce a casted alloy.
- the casted alloy was machined to prepare an extrusion billet having a diameter of 40 mm.
- the extrusion billet was put into an extrusion container heated up to 300°C, kept therein for 1/2 hours, and then hot-extruded at an extrusion ratio of 25/1 to produce an extruded alloy having a diameter of 8 mm.
- the microstructural observation and X-ray analysis were carried out in the extruded alloy.
- the observed position was the parallel to the extrusion direction.
- the microstructural observation by a transmission electronic microscope (TEM) and X-ray analysis were carried out in the casted alloy.
- Fig. 3 The results of the microstructural observation in the casted and extruded alloys were shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 .
- Fig. 5 shows the result of X-ray analysis of the two alloys. From Fig. 3 , it is known that particles (P) with a size of a few microns exist in the magnesium matrix. From the selected area diffraction image, it is known that the particles (P) is a quasi-crystal phase. From Fig. 4 , it is confirmed that the average size of the magnesium matrix In the extruded alloy is 12 ⁇ m. They are equi-axed grains and are quite homogeneous structures. The average size was measured by the linear intercept method.
- the X-ray diffraction patterns of the two samples, as shown in Fig. 5 are the same, and thus, the presence of the quasi-crystal phase in the magnesium matrix is confirmed after the extrusion process,
- the white circles in Fig. 5 are the diffraction angle of the quasi-crystal phase.
- a tensile test specimen has a diameter of 3 mm and a length of 15 mm and a compression test specimen has a diameter of 4 mm and a height of 8 mm. These specimens were machined from each material such as to make the tensile and compression axis parallel to the extrusion direction; and the initial tensile/compression strain rate was 1 x 10 -3 sec -1 .
- Fig. 6 shows a nominal stress-nominal strain curves in the tensile/compression test at room temperature. The results of the mechanical properties obtained from Fig. 6 are listed in Table 1. The yield stress is measured the stress value at a nominal strain 0.2%, the maximum tensile strength is measured the maximum nominal stress value, and the elongation is measured the nominal strain value when the nominal stress lowered by at least 30%.
- the nominal stress-nominal strain curves of a typical wrought magnesium alloy, extruded Mg - 3 wt.% Al - 1 wt.% Zn (initial crystal particle size: about 15 ⁇ m) is also shown in Fig. 6 .
- the two extruded alloys have nearly the same size of magnesium matrix; however, it is known that the yield stress in the tensile/compression of the extruded Mg - 8 wt.% Zn - 4 wt.% Al alloy is 228 and 210 MPa, respectively, and the Mg-8wt.%Zn-4wt.%Al alloy has excellent strength properties (especially, excellent compression strength property).
- the ratio of compression/tensile yield stress of the extruded Mg - 8 wt.% Zn - 4 wt.% Al alloy is 0.9, and thus, the Mg-8wt.%Zn-4wt.%Al alloy is found to have obvious reduction in the yield anisotropy.
- Fig. 9 shows the result of texture analysis by a Schulz reflection method of the extruded Mg - 3 wt.% Al - 1 wt.% Zn alloy of Comparative Example 1. It is known that the basal plane is lying to the extrusion direction, showing the typical texture of a extruded magnesium alloy. The maximum integration intensity is 8.0.
- the average size of the Mg matrix was 3.5 ⁇ m. From Fig. 6 , it is known that the yield stress in tensile and compression of the extruded alloy is 275 and 285 MPa, respectively. The strength is found to increase due to the grain refinement. The ratio of the compression/tensile yield stress is more than 1, which confirms the reduction of yield anisotropy of this extruded alloy.
- Fig. 10 shows the result of microstructural observation by a transmission electronic microscope of the extruded alloy of Example 2.
- the Mg matrix is confirmed to be fine as in Fig. 7 . From the selected area diffraction image, it is known that the particles which exist in the matrix, are consisted of the quasi-crystal phase particles.
- Fig. 11 shows the result of texture analysis by a Schulz reflection method of the extruded alloy of Example 2. It is confirmed that the basal plane tends to lies parallel to the extrusion direction as in Fig. 9 . However, when the results of this alloy shown in Fig. 10 compares with that in Fig. 9 , (i) the width of the texture in Example 2 is extremely broad, and (ii) the maximum integration Intensity is not more than a half. It is considered that the reduction of strong yield anisotropy results from the broadening texture in basal plane and the reduction in the integration intensity shown in Fig. 11 .
- Fig. 12 the presence of a quasi-crystal phase is not confirmed, but the close to the structure of quasi-crystal phase is confirmed.
- the presence of a quasi-crystal phase and the close to the structure of quasi-crystal is confirmed in Fig. 13 .
- the alloys having a quasi-crystal phase or the close to the structure of quasi-phase show the reduction of yield anisotropy.
- the alloys having a quasi-crystal phase i,e., Example 9 and 10, have a higher yield strength.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Contacts (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008145520 | 2008-06-03 | ||
JP2009069660 | 2009-03-23 | ||
PCT/JP2009/060188 WO2009148093A1 (fr) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-06-03 | ALLIAGE À BASE DE Mg |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2295613A1 true EP2295613A1 (fr) | 2011-03-16 |
EP2295613A4 EP2295613A4 (fr) | 2013-07-24 |
EP2295613B1 EP2295613B1 (fr) | 2015-01-14 |
Family
ID=41398166
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09758360.3A Not-in-force EP2295613B1 (fr) | 2008-06-03 | 2009-06-03 | ALLIAGE À BASE DE Mg |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8313692B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2295613B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP5540415B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101561150B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN102046821B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009148093A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014001191A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-03 | Biotronik Ag | Alliage de magnésium, son procédé de production et son utilisation |
US10344365B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2019-07-09 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy and method for producing implants containing the same |
US10358709B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2019-07-23 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy, method for production thereof, and use thereof |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009293075A (ja) * | 2008-06-04 | 2009-12-17 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | マグネシウム−亜鉛合金及びマグネシウム−亜鉛合金部材 |
CN102282277B (zh) | 2009-01-19 | 2013-09-04 | 独立行政法人物质·材料研究机构 | Mg基合金 |
JP5403508B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-24 | 2014-01-29 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | Mg合金部材。 |
JP5561592B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-18 | 2014-07-30 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | マグネシウム合金 |
JP6017424B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-08 | 2016-11-02 | シンセス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツングSynthes Gmbh | マグネシウム心材を有する固定装置 |
ES2913105T3 (es) | 2012-06-26 | 2022-05-31 | Biotronik Ag | Aleación de magnesio, método para la producción de la misma y uso de la misma |
US11045851B2 (en) | 2013-03-22 | 2021-06-29 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method for Forming Hollow Profile Non-Circular Extrusions Using Shear Assisted Processing and Extrusion (ShAPE) |
US10189063B2 (en) | 2013-03-22 | 2019-01-29 | Battelle Memorial Institute | System and process for formation of extrusion products |
US11383280B2 (en) | 2013-03-22 | 2022-07-12 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Devices and methods for performing shear-assisted extrusion, extrusion feedstocks, extrusion processes, and methods for preparing metal sheets |
US10695811B2 (en) | 2013-03-22 | 2020-06-30 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Functionally graded coatings and claddings |
US10109418B2 (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2018-10-23 | Battelle Memorial Institute | System and process for friction consolidation fabrication of permanent magnets and other extrusion and non-extrusion structures |
CN105056309B (zh) * | 2015-08-13 | 2018-02-16 | 苏州奥芮济医疗科技有限公司 | 一种可定向降解吸收的镁金属接骨螺钉及其制备方法 |
CN104998296B (zh) * | 2015-08-13 | 2018-07-13 | 苏州奥芮济医疗科技有限公司 | 具有特殊微观结构的生物医用可吸收镁材料及其制备方法 |
JP6800482B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-19 | 2020-12-16 | 地方独立行政法人東京都立産業技術研究センター | マグネシウム合金の製造方法 |
CN107326235B (zh) * | 2017-07-20 | 2018-11-06 | 重庆大学 | 一种含Cu的高强Mg-Zn-Al系变形镁合金及其制备方法 |
US11549532B1 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2023-01-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Assemblies, riveted assemblies, methods for affixing substrates, and methods for mixing materials to form a metallurgical bond |
US11919061B2 (en) | 2021-09-15 | 2024-03-05 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Shear-assisted extrusion assemblies and methods |
JP7321601B1 (ja) | 2022-10-21 | 2023-08-07 | ネクサス株式会社 | マグネシウム合金、マグネシウム合金成形体およびその製造方法、ならびにマグネシウム合金部材 |
Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2147645A5 (en) * | 1971-07-29 | 1973-03-09 | Dow Chemical Co | Magnesium die casting alloys - alloying additions to reduce hot shortness and tearing |
US4997622A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1991-03-05 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | High mechanical strength magnesium alloys and process for obtaining these alloys by rapid solidification |
EP0470599A1 (fr) * | 1990-08-09 | 1992-02-12 | Ykk Corporation | Alliages à base de magnésium, à haute résistance |
EP0524644A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-26 | 1993-01-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Alliage à base de magnesium résistant à la chaleur |
EP0548875A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-06-30 | Ykk Corporation | Alliages à base de magnésium à haute résistance |
WO2002083964A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-24 | Yonsei University | Alliage de magnesium durci a phase quasi-cristalline possedant une excellente formabilite a chaud et procede de preparation correspondant |
WO2006000022A1 (fr) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-01-05 | Cast Centre Pty Ltd | Alliage de magnesium moule |
JP2007113037A (ja) * | 2005-10-18 | 2007-05-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 高強度マグネシウム合金押出し材 |
WO2007108496A1 (fr) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-27 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Matiere premiere d'acier galvanise a chaud hautement resistante a la corrosion |
WO2008020763A1 (fr) * | 2006-08-18 | 2008-02-21 | Magontec Gmbh | Combinaison de procédé de coulée et de composition d'alliage |
Family Cites Families (7)
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JPH05311310A (ja) | 1992-05-11 | 1993-11-22 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 耐食性に優れたMg−Al系またはMg−Al−Zn系合金 |
US7057049B2 (en) | 2001-09-25 | 2006-06-06 | Pharmacia Corporation | Process for making substituted pyrazoles |
JP3558628B2 (ja) * | 2002-06-05 | 2004-08-25 | 住友電工スチールワイヤー株式会社 | マグネシウム合金板およびその製造方法 |
JP4332889B2 (ja) * | 2003-05-30 | 2009-09-16 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | マグネシウム基合金成形体の製造方法 |
JP4155149B2 (ja) | 2003-10-09 | 2008-09-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 高強度マグネシウム合金およびその製造方法 |
JP2005113235A (ja) | 2003-10-09 | 2005-04-28 | Toyota Motor Corp | 高強度マグネシウム合金およびその製造方法 |
JP2006211523A (ja) | 2005-01-31 | 2006-08-10 | Asahi Kasei Microsystems Kk | デジタルスイッチング回路 |
-
2009
- 2009-06-03 EP EP09758360.3A patent/EP2295613B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-06-03 JP JP2010515897A patent/JP5540415B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-03 KR KR1020107026751A patent/KR101561150B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-06-03 US US12/995,522 patent/US8313692B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-03 CN CN2009801203439A patent/CN102046821B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-06-03 WO PCT/JP2009/060188 patent/WO2009148093A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2147645A5 (en) * | 1971-07-29 | 1973-03-09 | Dow Chemical Co | Magnesium die casting alloys - alloying additions to reduce hot shortness and tearing |
US4997622A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1991-03-05 | Pechiney Electrometallurgie | High mechanical strength magnesium alloys and process for obtaining these alloys by rapid solidification |
EP0470599A1 (fr) * | 1990-08-09 | 1992-02-12 | Ykk Corporation | Alliages à base de magnésium, à haute résistance |
EP0524644A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-26 | 1993-01-27 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Alliage à base de magnesium résistant à la chaleur |
EP0548875A1 (fr) * | 1991-12-26 | 1993-06-30 | Ykk Corporation | Alliages à base de magnésium à haute résistance |
WO2002083964A1 (fr) * | 2001-04-11 | 2002-10-24 | Yonsei University | Alliage de magnesium durci a phase quasi-cristalline possedant une excellente formabilite a chaud et procede de preparation correspondant |
WO2006000022A1 (fr) * | 2004-06-24 | 2006-01-05 | Cast Centre Pty Ltd | Alliage de magnesium moule |
JP2007113037A (ja) * | 2005-10-18 | 2007-05-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | 高強度マグネシウム合金押出し材 |
WO2007108496A1 (fr) * | 2006-03-20 | 2007-09-27 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Matiere premiere d'acier galvanise a chaud hautement resistante a la corrosion |
WO2008020763A1 (fr) * | 2006-08-18 | 2008-02-21 | Magontec Gmbh | Combinaison de procédé de coulée et de composition d'alliage |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See also references of WO2009148093A1 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2014001191A1 (fr) * | 2012-06-26 | 2014-01-03 | Biotronik Ag | Alliage de magnésium, son procédé de production et son utilisation |
US10344365B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2019-07-09 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy and method for producing implants containing the same |
US10358709B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2019-07-23 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy, method for production thereof, and use thereof |
US10895000B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2021-01-19 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium alloy, method for the production thereof and use thereof |
US11499214B2 (en) | 2012-06-26 | 2022-11-15 | Biotronik Ag | Magnesium-zinc-calcium alloy and method for producing implants containing the same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2009148093A1 (ja) | 2011-11-04 |
CN102046821A (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
CN102046821B (zh) | 2013-03-27 |
WO2009148093A8 (fr) | 2010-02-04 |
EP2295613B1 (fr) | 2015-01-14 |
JP5540415B2 (ja) | 2014-07-02 |
EP2295613A4 (fr) | 2013-07-24 |
WO2009148093A1 (fr) | 2009-12-10 |
US8313692B2 (en) | 2012-11-20 |
US20110076178A1 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
KR20110013431A (ko) | 2011-02-09 |
KR101561150B1 (ko) | 2015-10-16 |
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