EP2294594A1 - Ampoule à vide - Google Patents

Ampoule à vide

Info

Publication number
EP2294594A1
EP2294594A1 EP09772470A EP09772470A EP2294594A1 EP 2294594 A1 EP2294594 A1 EP 2294594A1 EP 09772470 A EP09772470 A EP 09772470A EP 09772470 A EP09772470 A EP 09772470A EP 2294594 A1 EP2294594 A1 EP 2294594A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vacuum interrupter
vapor shield
vapor
vacuum
contact pin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09772470A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ulf SCHÜMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2294594A1 publication Critical patent/EP2294594A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66276—Details relating to the mounting of screens in vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66292—Details relating to the use of multiple screens in vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum interrupter with a first contact piece arranged on a fixed contact pin, a second contact piece arranged on an axially movable contact pin and a first steam shield consisting of an electrically conductive material for protecting inner surfaces of a housing of the vacuum interrupter from metal vapor deposits.
  • Vacuum interrupters are required to safely switch high currents at high voltages.
  • the withstand voltage must be present both with regard to the distance between the two contact pieces and with respect to the distances between the contact pieces and other conductive parts of the vacuum interrupter (for example conductive housing parts or vapor shields made of conductive material). At all these distances (vacuum distances) the dielectric strength must be higher than the occurring stress loads.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a vacuum tube, which has a high dielectric strength.
  • the first vapor shield is supported on one of the contact pins and is electrically isolated from this contact pin.
  • this vacuum interrupter is particularly advantageous that due to the salient to the one contact pin and electrically insulated with respect to this contact first vapor shield the required Isolierabrang between the salient to the contact pin contact piece and other electrically conductive parts of the vacuum interrupter are smaller than a vacuum interrupter without such a vapor shield , This is based on the finding that two electrically connected in series vacuum isolation routes (electrical series circuit, electrical series connection of vacuum insulation distances) have a higher dielectric strength than a single vacuum insulating section, the length of the sum of the lengths of the two connected in series Vacuum Isolierumblen corresponds.
  • the reason for this behavior is that the dielectric strength in vacuum is approximately proportional to the root of the length of the insulating vacuum path. Therefore, the dielectric strength (insulation capacity) of a vacuum section increases with decreasing length of this vacuum section only disproportionately, degressively. Therefore, it is advantageous to electrically connect two or more (shorter) vacuum isolation sections in series; This makes it possible to realize a higher dielectric strength than with a single vacuum insulation section of greater length.
  • the first supported on the contact pin and electrically isolated from this contact pin steam shield (which at least partially surrounds the arranged on the contact pin contact piece) divides existing between the contact piece and other electrically conductive parts of the vacuum interrupter vacuum insulation in two electrically connected in series vacuum isolation
  • the first vacuum insulation stretch extends from the contact piece to the first vapor shield
  • the second vacuum insulation stretch extends from the first vapor shield to the further electrically conductive part of the vacuum interrupter (for example, up to a conductive housing part or another vapor shield).
  • the end of the first vacuum insulation path is therefore located on the first electrically conductive vapor shield; the beginning of the second vacuum insulation section is also located on this steam shield. Therefore, the two vacuum insulation joints are electrically connected in series.
  • the first vapor shield can be mounted on the contact pin prior to assembly of the vacuum interrupter, and later mounted on the vacuum interrupter housing together with the contact pin during assembly of the vacuum interrupter. As a result, it is not necessary to mount the single vapor shield inside the vacuum interrupter housing.
  • the vacuum interrupter can also be designed such that the first vapor shield is arranged between the contact piece arranged on the one contact pin and an electrically conductive part of the vacuum interrupter. This increases the withstand voltage between the contact piece and the electrically conductive part of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the electrically conductive part can be electrically insulated both with respect to the fixed contact pin and with respect to the axially movable contact pin. The electrical insulation of the electrically conductive part with respect to the stationary contact pin and with respect to the axially movable contact pin makes it possible to ensure that the electrically conductive part has a freely setting electrical potential (floating potential). As a result, distortions of the electric field and a reduction in the voltage strength are avoided by the electrically conductive part of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the potential of this electrically conductive part will advantageously be set to a value between the potential of the fixed contact pin and the potential of the movable contact pin, so that by this average electrical potential beginning or ending at this electrically conductive part vacuum insulation joints not with the full be charged to insulating voltage.
  • the electrically conductive part of the vacuum interrupter can be a part of the housing of the vacuum interrupter (for example a metal cylinder) or a second vapor shield (for example a so-called center vapor shield arranged in the center region of the vacuum interrupter).
  • the vacuum interrupter can be designed so that the second vapor shield is fastened to the housing of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the vacuum interrupter can also be configured such that the second vapor shield is mechanically connected to the first vapor shield and electrically insulated from the first vapor shield.
  • Such a second vapor shield can be mounted in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner, since this second vapor shield, together with the first vapor shield, is fastened to the corresponding contact pin and can be introduced jointly into the housing of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the vacuum interrupter can also be designed such that a third vapor shield is arranged between the first vapor shield and the electrically conductive part of the vacuum interrupter. is net.
  • a third vapor shield advantageously further increases the dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter by further subdivision of the vacuum insulation section into partial vacuum insulation sections.
  • the vacuum interrupter can also be constructed so that at least one further vapor shield is supported on the other contact pin and the at least one further vapor shield is electrically insulated from the other contact pin. At least one such further vapor shield advantageously increases the dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter in the manner already described, also with regard to the other contact pin and the contact piece arranged on the other contact pin.
  • the vacuum interrupter can also be designed so that the number of supported on the other contact pins vapor screens corresponds to the number of supported on the one contact pin Dampflee. This advantageously achieves that both contact pins or the contact pieces arranged on the two contact pins (i.e., the first contact piece and the second contact piece) are each provided with the same number of vapor shields. This results in a similar arrangement of series-connected part-vacuum isolation, whereby the space available in the housing of the vacuum interrupter space can be well utilized and / or a similar field distribution arises.
  • the vacuum interrupter can also be constructed such that the shortest distance between the vapor shields supported on the one contact stud and the vapor shields supported on the other contact stud is equal to or greater than half the maximum distance between the first contact piece and the second contact piece is, in particular, the shortest distance between the content on the one contact stud Dampften umbrellas and salary on the other contact pins Dampflemen between 50% and 70% of the maximum distance between the first contact piece and the second contact piece.
  • the dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter is advantageously not reduced since the potential difference between the vapor shields supported on one contact stud and the other contact stud is smaller than the potential difference between the contact piece arranged on the one contact stud and the arranged on the other contact pin contact piece.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a vacuum interrupter with a vapor shield which is held isolated on a contact bolt, in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment of a vacuum interrupter with two vapor shields held insulated on contact pins
  • Figure 3 shows an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter with a conductive cylindrical housing part
  • Figure 4 shows another embodiment of a vacuum interrupter with a conductive cylindrical housing part
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter, each with two steam shields, which are mounted isolated on a contact pin, and in
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged section of the vacuum interrupter of FIG. 5.
  • the vacuum interrupter 1 shows a sectional view of an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention. In this case, only one half of the vacuum interrupter 1 is shown in section, the other half is designed symmetrically with respect to an axis of symmetry or axis of rotation 3.
  • the vacuum interrupter 1 has a fixed or fixed contact pin 5 which carries a first (fixed) contact piece 7. On an axially movable contact pin 9, a second (movable) contact piece 11 is attached.
  • the axially movable contact pin 9 is connected by means of a spring bellows 13 axially movable and vacuum-tight with a metal cap 15. This metal cap 15 carries a sliding bearing 17, in which the axially movable contact pin 9 is guided.
  • the possible axial movement of the movable contact pin 9 is indicated by a double arrow 19.
  • the metal cap 15 is connected to a first insulating part 21, which has the shape of a hollow cylinder and consists of ceramic.
  • This first insulating part 21 is connected to a similar second insulating part 23.
  • the second insulating part 23 is connected to a further metal cap 25. the one that completes the housing of the vacuum interrupter.
  • This further metal cap 25 is rigidly connected to the fixed contact pin, for example, the contact pin 5 is soldered into the further metal cap 25.
  • a metal ring 33 is soldered, inside the vacuum interrupter 1 carries a rotationally symmetrical electrically conductive part 35, which constitutes a second vapor shield 35 (a so-called center vapor shield).
  • the metal ring 33 is soldered in such known manner with the first insulating part 21 and the second insulating part 23.
  • a first vapor shield 29 is supported on the axially movable contact pin 9 is electrically isolated by means of a holder 27, a first vapor shield 29 is supported.
  • the electrical insulation is carried out by means of an insulating part 31, which is configured in the embodiment as an insulating cylinder or insulating ring 31.
  • This insulating part 31 may (like the first insulating part 21 and the second insulating part 23) consist of ceramic.
  • the first vapor shield 29 is arranged between the arranged on the axially movable contact pin 9 contact piece 11 and the electrically conductive part (second vapor shield) 35 of the vacuum interrupter. This is the electrically conductive
  • Second vapor shield 35 arranged both against the fixed contact pin 5 as well as compared to the axially movable contact pin 9 electrically isolated, wherein the electrical insulation is realized by the first insulating part 21 and the second insulating member 23.
  • the first vapor shield 29 is assigned to the second contact piece 11 arranged on the axially movable contact pin 9. net and encloses this in the radial direction.
  • the first vapor shield 29 subdivides the vacuum insulation path between the second contact piece 11 and the second vapor shield 35 into two vacuum insulation paths connected electrically in series.
  • a first vacuum insulation path 37 Between the second contact piece 11 and the first vapor shield 29 is a first vacuum insulation path 37, which is symbolized in the embodiment by a double arrow.
  • the first vacuum insulating section 37 and the second vacuum insulating section 39 are electrically connected in series.
  • a continuous vacuum insulation path 41 which is also symbolized in the embodiment as a double arrow.
  • the first vacuum insulating section 37 and the second vacuum insulating section 39 each have a length d / 2, while the continuous vacuum insulating section 41 has a length d (thereby the material thickness of the first vapor shield 39 and the rounding at one end the first steam shield 29 not taken into account).
  • the dielectric strength of an insulating section in vacuum is proportional to the root of the length of this Isolierrange. It is approximately:
  • U is the dielectric strength (dielectric strength) of the vacuum insulation distance
  • K is a constant
  • D is the electrically effective length of the insulating section.
  • the dielectric strength of the vacuum insulating gap between the second contact piece 11 and the second vapor shield 35 by the insertion of the first vapor shield 29 between the second contact piece 11 and the second vapor shield 35 was increased by approximately 41% (based on the dielectric strength of the vacuum insulation without the first vapor shield 29, this dielectric strength corresponds to the dielectric strength of the Isolierrange between the first contact piece 7 and the second vapor shield 35).
  • the electrically conductive part 35 of the vacuum interrupter 1 can also be designed differently than in the embodiment of Figure 1, for example as a cylindrical housing part of the vacuum interrupter (see Figures 3 and 4).
  • FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of a vacuum interrupter is shown, which largely corresponds to the embodiment of Figure 1.
  • another vapor shield 201 is held or fastened to the stationary contact pin 5 by means of a further holder 203.
  • the further vapor shield 201 is electrically insulated from the stationary contact pin 5 by means of a further insulating part 205.
  • both the first contact piece 7 is radially surrounded by the further vapor shield 201 and the second contact piece 11 of the first vapor shield 29. This results in a uniform arrangement of the vapor screens.
  • the vacuum insulation path between the first contact piece 7 and the second vapor shield 35 in two sub-vacuum insulation sections connected in series in series is also used here. divided, whereby also between the first contact piece 7 and the second vapor shield 35, the dielectric strength is increased.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a vacuum interrupter, which differs from the embodiment of FIG. 2 in that, instead of the second vapor shield 35, a third vapor shield 301 and a fourth vapor shield 303 are arranged in an electrically insulated manner inside the vacuum interrupter.
  • this vacuum interrupter has a first insulating member 305, a second
  • the third vapor shield 301 is fixed in a manner known per se by means of a metal ring between two end faces of the first insulating part 305 and the second insulating part 307;
  • the fourth vapor shield 303 is fixed by means of a metal ring between the end faces of the third insulating part 309 and the fourth insulating part 311.
  • a conductive hollow cylinder here: made of stainless steel
  • the vacuum insulation gap between the second contact piece 11 and the electrically conductive housing part 313 is divided by the first vapor shield 29 and the third vapor shield 301 into three series-connected partial vacuum insulation sections:
  • the first partial vacuum insulation section is located between the second contact piece 11 and the first vapor shield 29 and is symbolized by a double arrow 320
  • the second part-vacuum insulating stretch is located between the first vapor shield 29 and the third vapor shield 301 and is provided with a double Arrow 322 symbolizes
  • the third partial vacuum insulating line 324 is located between the third vapor shield 301 and the electrically conductive portion 313 of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the three partial vacuum insulation sections 320, 322 and 324 are electrically connected in series. This results in this vacuum interrupter compared to the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 again increased dielectric strength.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a vacuum interrupter, in which the lengths of the individual
  • the length of the first sub-vacuum insulation path between the second contact piece 11 and the first vapor shield 29 is approximately 1/3 »L while the length of the series-connected second sub-vacuum isolation path between the first vapor shield 29 and the electrical conductive housing part 313 is approximately 2/3 »L.
  • L is approximately the difference between the radius of the vacuum interrupter and the radius of the contact pieces.
  • the first, second, third and fourth insulating members 305, 307, 309 and 311 are each provided with small steam shields which, however, serve almost exclusively to protect the insulating members from metal vapor deposition and only to a small extent to form series-connected filters Contribute partial vacuum insulation distances.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further vacuum interrupter, in which a first vapor shield 501 and a second vapor shield 503 are electrically insulated by means of a holder 504 on the axially movable contact pin 9, the second vapor shield 503 being electrically insulated from the first vapor shield 501.
  • This insulation is made by a Insulating 505 realized.
  • the first steam shield 501 is isolated from the axially movable contact pin 9 by means of an insulating part 507.
  • the second vapor shield 503 is therefore mechanically connected to the first vapor shield 501, but electrically insulated from the first vapor shield 501.
  • the stationary contact pin 5 carries by means of a holder 509 a further vapor shield 511; An additional vapor shield 513 is electrically insulated on this further vapor shield 511.
  • the additional vapor shield 513 is isolated from the further vapor shield 511 by means of an insulating member 515; the further vapor shield 511 is isolated from the fixed contact pin 5 by means of an insulating part 517. It is particularly advantageous that both the first vapor shield 501 and the second vapor shield 503 is supported on the axially movable contact pin 9 and supported by these; and similarly, both the further vapor shield 511 and the additional vapor shield 513 are supported on the fixed contact pin 5.
  • both the first and second vapor shields 501 and 503 and the further vapor shield 511 and the additional vapor shield 513 can be easily mounted in the vacuum interrupter.
  • the first vapor shield 501 and the second vapor shield 503 are fixed in advance to the axially movable contact pin 9 and inserted together with this in the housing of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the vacuum insulation path between the second contact piece 11 and the electrically conductive portion 313 of the vacuum interrupter housing is divided by the first vapor shield 501 and the second vapor shield 503 into three series-connected partial vacuum insulation paths.
  • two vapor shields are each held electrically insulated on each of the contact pins;
  • the two contact pieces are therefore each provided with the same number of steam screens or shielded from these.
  • FIG. 6 shows a detail of the representation of FIG. 5 enlarged. It can be clearly seen that the ends of the vapor shields project in each case opposite the contact pieces in the direction of the other contact piece.
  • the maximum distance A (dielectric end distance or end stroke) is the distance between the first contact piece 7 and the second contact piece 11, which occurs maximally during operation of the vacuum interrupter.
  • the shortest distance between the first vapor shield 501 and second vapor shield 503 supported on the axially movable contact pin 9 and the further vapor shield 511 and additional vapor shield 513 supported on the fixed contact pin 5 is denoted by "a" in Figure 6.
  • the vacuum interrupter is so configured in that the shortest distance a between the vapor shields 501 and 503 supported on the one contact pin 9 and the vapor shields 511 and 513 held on the other contact pin 5 is equal to half the maximum distance A between the first contact piece 7 and the second contact piece 11. In others Embodiments, the shortest distance may also be greater than half of the maximum distance A between the first contact piece 7 and the second contact piece 11.
  • the shortest distance between the steam shields supported on one contact stud and the steam shields supported on the other contact stud is between 50% and 70% of the maximum distance between the first contact piece and the second contact piece.

Landscapes

  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une ampoule à vide comportant un premier élément de contact (7) disposé sur une tige de contact (5) fixe, un deuxième élément de contact (11) disposé sur une tige de contact (9) mobile dans l'axe, et un premier écran de protection (29) contre la vapeur métallique, cet écran étant en matériau électriquement conducteur et destiné à protéger des faces internes du boîtier de l'ampoule à vide contre des dépôts de vapeur métallique. L'invention est caractérisée en ce que le premier écran de protection (29) est maintenu sur une des tiges de contact (9) par rapport à laquelle il est électriquement isolé.
EP09772470A 2008-07-02 2009-07-01 Ampoule à vide Withdrawn EP2294594A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200810031472 DE102008031472B4 (de) 2008-07-02 2008-07-02 Vakuumschaltröhre
PCT/EP2009/058245 WO2010000770A1 (fr) 2008-07-02 2009-07-01 Ampoule à vide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2294594A1 true EP2294594A1 (fr) 2011-03-16

Family

ID=41066742

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09772470A Withdrawn EP2294594A1 (fr) 2008-07-02 2009-07-01 Ampoule à vide

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2294594A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102077312A (fr)
DE (1) DE102008031472B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010000770A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6395642B2 (ja) * 2015-02-27 2018-09-26 三菱電機株式会社 真空バルブ
DE102017222415B4 (de) * 2017-12-11 2021-03-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schirmelement für eine Vakuumschaltröhre

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3766345A (en) * 1972-12-05 1973-10-16 Allis Chalmers Vacuum interrupter
DE2633453B2 (de) * 1976-07-24 1981-02-19 Te Ka De Felten & Guilleaume Fernmeldeanlagen Gmbh, 8500 Nuernberg Trägerfrequenzsystem ohne Durchschaltefilter
DE2633543C3 (de) 1976-07-26 1980-10-16 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Vakuumschalter
DD131426B1 (de) * 1977-06-17 1980-01-30 Eckehard Gebauer Schaltstueckanordnung fuer niederspannungs-vakuumschuetze
JPS5490579A (en) * 1977-12-28 1979-07-18 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co Vacuum valve
DE3832493A1 (de) * 1988-09-22 1990-03-29 Siemens Ag Vakuumschaltroehre, eine solche schaltroehre enthaltender lasttrennschalter und verfahren zum betrieb eines solchen lasttrennschalters
JP3664899B2 (ja) * 1998-11-27 2005-06-29 株式会社東芝 真空開閉装置
DE10030670C2 (de) * 2000-06-23 2002-06-13 Siemens Ag Vakuumschaltröhre mit zwei Kontaktsystemen

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2010000770A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008031472A1 (de) 2010-01-14
WO2010000770A1 (fr) 2010-01-07
CN102077312A (zh) 2011-05-25
DE102008031472B4 (de) 2010-05-06

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