Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
  • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
  • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
  • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
  • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
  • H01H2033/66292—Details relating to the use of multiple screens in vacuum switches

Definitions

• the invention relates to a vacuum interrupter with a first contact piece arranged on a fixed contact pin and a second contact piece arranged on an axially movable contact pin and having at least two hollow-cylinder-shaped insulating parts which are parts of a housing of the vacuum interrupter.
• Such vacuum interrupters usually have a vapor shield, which protects the inner surfaces of the insulating parts prior to the deposition of resulting during switching operations of metal vapor.
• vapor screens can consist of several individual parts.
• German Offenlegungsschrift DE 196 25 737 A1 discloses a vacuum interrupter with a vapor shield, which consists of two substantially cylindrical screen parts pushed one inside the other.
• the invention has for its object to provide a vacuum interrupter, with the good shielding of the insulating parts before metal vapor large currents can be switched.
• a vacuum interrupter with a arranged on a fixed contact pin first contact piece, arranged on an axially movable contact pin second contact piece, at least two hollow cylindrical insulating parts, between the end faces of a metal ring for holding a steam shield is attached to the metal ring rotationally symmetrical hollow part of the vapor shield is attached, at an open end of the hollow part, a tapered end sleeve is attached, and the diameter of the contact pieces is larger as the smallest diameter of the ferrule. It is particularly advantageous that the diameter of the contact pieces is greater than the smallest diameter of the ferrule. Contact pieces with a large diameter have a large contact surface; With these contacts high currents can be switched safely.
• the tapered ferrule encloses the contacts, since their smallest diameter is smaller than the diameter of the contacts. Therefore, this ferrule in conjunction with the hollow part shields the contact pieces well and very effectively prevents precipitation of metal vapor generated during switching operations on the inner surface of the hollow cylindrical insulating parts.
• the design of the steam shield with a hollow part and a tapered end sleeve also allows a convenient installation of the vacuum interrupter, since the first
• Contact pin can be mounted with the contact pieces and only then the tapered ferrule can be placed on the hollow part.
• the vacuum interrupter may be configured such that the rotationally symmetric hollow part has a tapered portion at the one open end, and the tapered portion has a rotationally symmetric circumferential recess which receives the ferrule.
• the vacuum interrupter may also be configured such that the rotationally symmetrical hollow part has a second tapered section opposite the tapered section, and the second tapered section has a second rotationally symmetrical circumferential recess which receives a second ferrule.
• the respective end sleeves can be mounted easily, quickly and precisely
• the end sleeves are simply inserted into the corresponding recesses and later soldered to the hollow part during the closure soldering of the vacuum interrupter.
• the vacuum interrupter can also be designed so that the second end sleeve tapers and the diameter of the contact pieces is larger than the smallest diameter of the second end sleeve.
• the vacuum interrupter can be configured such that the rotationally symmetrical recess is recessed with respect to the outer surface of the hollow part, and the second rotationally symmetrical recess is recessed with respect to the inner surface of the hollow part.
• the vacuum interrupter can be realized in such a way that the end sleeve bears against the outer surface of the hollow part and the second end sleeve rests against the inner surface of the hollow part.
• the two preceding embodiments advantageously allow a particularly simple assembly of both the first end sleeve and the second end sleeve, since both the first end sleeve and the second end sleeve needs to be inserted only on the (outer or inner) surface of the hollow part in the corresponding recess and held by gravity in this recess until they are soldered to the hollow part in the subsequent soldering process.
• the vacuum interrupter can be designed so that the hollow part and the end sleeves are made of sheet metal, wherein at least one of the end sleeves has a smaller sheet thickness than the hollow part. It is particularly advantageous that the ferrules can be processed easier because of their smaller sheet thickness than the hollow part. In particular, the end sleeves can be easily deformed to bring them into their desired shape.
• the hollow part consisting of thicker sheet metal allows good heat dissipation of heat generated during switching operations; This also achieves a vacuum interrupter, with which high currents can be safely switched.
• the vacuum interrupter can also be designed such that the side of the first and / or second ferrule facing away from the hollow part is rounded (for example by rolling in the sleeve material). Such a rounding off of the side of the end sleeve can be manufactured in a simple manufacturing process, and thus also cost-effectively, in particular due to the smaller sheet thickness of the end sleeve.
• the design of the steam shield as a hollow part with one or two attached to the open sides of the hollow end sleeves is therefore also advantageous in terms of manufacturing, because the individual parts of the vapor shield, ie the hollow part and the one or two end sleeves considered in themselves, have simple geometric shapes and Therefore, relatively easy and inexpensive to produce.
• the parts can be machined well galvanically, since they have only a few or only small semi-enclosed volumes (so-called scooping geometry elements) which cause problems in galvanic processes due to the poorly draining electrolyte liquids can.
• the vacuum interrupter can also be configured such that the smallest diameter of the first and / or second end sleeve is between 50% and 80% of the diameter of the contact pieces. When choosing these diameters, a very good shielding of the insulating parts from metal vapor can be achieved, and due to the large diameter of the contact pieces with respect to the diameter of the ferrules, high electrical currents can be switched.
• the vacuum interrupter can also be designed so that the fixed contact pin has a constriction in the region of the smallest diameter of the end sleeve and / or the axially movable contact pin has a constriction in the region of the smallest diameter of the second end sleeve.
• the fixed contact pin is constricted in accordance with the contour of the first end sleeve.
• the fixed contact pin is constricted in accordance with the contour of the rounded side of the first end sleeve.
• the axially movable contact bolt is constricted in accordance with the contour of the second end sleeve.
• the axially movable contact pin is constricted in accordance with the contour of the rounded side of the second ferrule. It is advantageous that is increased by the constriction of the contact pin of the insulation distance between the ferrule and the contact pin, so that the dielectric strength of the vacuum interrupter is increased.
• the vacuum interrupter can also be designed so that at least one of the insulating parts on the opposite end face of the metal ring carries a further vapor shield, which realizes a labyrinthine separation or shielding of the insulating part of the contact pieces in cooperation with the content on the metal ring held vapor shield.
• the interaction of the further vapor shield with the vapor shield supported on the metal ring advantageously achieves particularly good shielding of the insulating parts from metal vapor, since the metal vapor would have to travel a labyrinthine path between the two vapor shields in order to reach the inner surface of the insulating parts. which only comparatively few metal vapor particles succeed.
• FIG. 1 an embodiment of a vacuum interrupter 1 according to the invention is shown in a sectional view.
• the vacuum interrupter 1 has a fixed, fixed contact pin 5, which carries a first (fixed, fixed) contact piece 7.
• a second (movable) contact piece 11 is attached on an axially movable contact pin 9.
• the axially movable contact pin 9 is connected by means of a spring bellows 13 axially movable and vacuum-tight with a metal cap 15.
• This metal cap 15 carries a sliding bearing 17, in which the axially movable contact pin 9 is guided.
• the possible axial movement of the movable contact pin 9 is indicated by a double arrow 19.
• the metal cap 15 is connected to a first insulating part 21, which has the shape of a hollow cylinder and is made of ceramic.
• This first insulating part 21 is provided with a similar second insulating member 23 is connected.
• the second insulating part 23 is connected to another metal cap 25, which completes the housing of the vacuum interrupter.
• This further metal cap 25 is rigidly connected to the fixed contact pin 5, for example, the contact pin 5 is soldered into the metal cap 25.
• a metal ring 27 is soldered, which carries a rotationally symmetrical hollow part 29 in the interior of the vacuum interrupter; this rotationally symmetrical hollow part 29 forms part of a vapor shield (center vapor shield) of the vacuum interrupter 1.
• the metal ring 27 is soldered to the hollow part 29.
• the rotationally symmetrical hollow part 29 tapers at its one open end, the rotationally symmetrical hollow part 29 has a tapered section 31 at one open end (taper 31). This conically tapered portion 31 of the hollow part 29 has at its open end a rotationally symmetrical recess (step or step, constriction, indentation) 33.
• a first end sleeve 35 is inserted and soldered to the recess of the hollow part 29; the rotationally symmetrical recess 33 thus receives the first end sleeve 35 or represents a bearing, a holder or a support for the first end sleeve 35.
• the first end sleeve 35 tapers conically in the direction of its free end; the side facing away from the hollow part 29 side of the first end sleeve 35 is rounded by rolling the sleeve material.
• the diameter dl contacts 7 and 11 is greater than the smallest diameter d2 of the first ferrule 35. This ensures that with a good shielding of the insulating parts 21 and 23, the contact pieces 7 and 11 better exploit the interior of the vacuum interrupter 1 as in a vacuum interrupter, in which the diameter dl of the contact pieces 7 and 11 is smaller than the smallest diameter d2 of the first ferrule 35. Therefore, the contact pieces 7 and 11 have a large current flowing through the contact surface, so that comparatively large currents can be switched by means of the vacuum interrupter.
• the rotationally symmetrical hollow part 29 is also tapered at its second open side, it has at its second open end a second tapered portion 37 (taper 37).
• a second rotationally symmetrical recess (step, gradation) 39 is arranged, which receives a second ferrule 41.
• gradation represents with respect to the outer surface of the conically tapered portion 37 is a circumferential bulge.
• the second rotationally symmetric recess 39 stores, holds or carries the second ferrule 41st
• the second ferrule 41 tapers towards its free end; the diameter dl of the contact pieces 7 and 11 is greater than the smallest diameter d2 of the second ferrule 41.
• the rotationally symmetrical recess 33 is recessed relative to the outer surface of the hollow part 29, while the second rotationally symmetrical recess 39 is recessed with respect to the inner surface of the hollow part 29.
• the first end sleeve 35 inserted in the first recess 33 bears against the outer surface of the hollow part 29, while the second end sleeve 41 inserted into the second recess 39 bears against the inner surface of the hollow part 29.
• the second end sleeve 41 is rounded at its side facing away from the hollow part 29 side by rolling the sleeve material.
• the hollow part 29, the first end sleeve 35 and the second end sleeve 41 are made of sheet metal, for example copper sheet or stainless steel sheet. At least one of the end sleeves 35 and 41 has a smaller sheet thickness than the hollow part 29.
• the end sleeve and the end sleeves can be easily and inexpensively, in particular the end-side rounding of the end sleeves can be easily produced by rolling the comparatively thin sleeve material.
• the smallest diameter of the first end sleeve 35 corresponds to the smallest diameter of the second end sleeve 41.
• the first end sleeve 35 and the second end sleeve 41 may also have different sized smallest diameter. It is particularly advantageous if the smallest diameters d2 of the end sleeves are between 50% and 80% of the diameter d1 of the contact pieces 7 and 11. In the embodiment, this smallest diameter d2 of the ferrules 80% of the diameter dl of the contact pieces 7 and 11.
• the fixed contact pin 5 has a constriction 42 in the region of the smallest diameter of the first end sleeve 35. In this case, the fixed contact pin 5 is constricted in accordance with the contour of the first end sleeve 35.
• the fixed contact pin 5 is constricted in accordance with the contour of the rounded side of the first end sleeve 35.
• the axially movable contact pin 9 has a constriction 44 in the region of the smallest diameter of the second end sleeve 41.
• the axially movable contact pin 9 is constricted in accordance with the contour of the second end sleeve 41.
• the axially movable contact pin 9 is constricted in accordance with the contour of the rounded side of the second end sleeve 41.
• a further metal ring 43 is soldered, which carries a further vapor shield 45.
• a further metal ring 47 is soldered between the second insulating part 23 and the further metal cap 25, which carries a further vapor shield 49.
• the further vapor shield 49 forms, in cooperation with the vapor shield supported on the middle metal ring 27 (consisting of hollow part 29, first end sleeve 35 and second end sleeve 41), a labyrinthine separation of the contact pieces 7 and 11 from the inner surface of the second insulating part 23.
• a vacuum interrupter with a vapor shield which has a rotationally symmetrical hollow part and at least one end sleeve fastened to an open end of the hollow part.
• the smallest diameter of the tapered end sleeve is smaller than the diameter of the contact pieces, so that the ferrule far embraces or surrounds the contact pieces.
• optimum shielding or separation of the insulating parts of the vacuum interrupter is achieved by the contact pieces.
• the composite of ferrule and hollow part vapor shield in cooperation with another vapor shield of the vacuum interrupter forms a labyrinthine separation of the insulating part of the contact pieces.
• the contact pieces Due to their diameter, which is larger than the smallest diameter of the end sleeve, the contact pieces can transmit comparatively large electrical currents.
• the items of mid-vapor shield (hollow part, ferrule) can be easily and inexpensively manufactured due to their simple geometric design, which helps that the ferrule is made of thinner metal sheet than the hollow part.

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• 2008
  • 2008-06-02 DE DE200810026799 patent/DE102008026799B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2009
  • 2009-05-27 WO PCT/EP2009/056400 patent/WO2009147034A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2009-05-27 EP EP09757417A patent/EP2283504A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-05-27 CN CN200980120476.6A patent/CN102047366B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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