EP2281948B1 - Road structure with improved adhesion - Google Patents

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to the field of roadway sealing on a support structure.

State of the art

Roadways, which are applied to a support structure, in particular on a concrete support structure, are frequently encountered, especially as bridges. Such concrete support structures are typically sealed by bituminous sheets. Due to the thermoplastic behavior, however, bitumen membranes are susceptible to temperature fluctuations. Elastic plastic sheets, on the other hand, have a constant elastic behavior over a wide temperature range and thus fulfill their function as a seal even under extreme temperature conditions. As the topmost layer, a bitumen-based base course is usually applied in road construction. However, this poses the problem that there must be a good bond between the base layer and the material of the support structure, in particular the concrete, which of course includes the adhesion of all intermediate layers. In particular, the adhesion between the plastic film and the bituminous base layer represents a problem that is very difficult to solve because of the materials involved.

A starting point for solving this problem lies in the use of mastic asphalt as an adhesive between plastic layer and bituminous base course. However, these systems had the great disadvantage that first the mastic asphalt must be applied at high temperature and the bituminous base course can be applied only after cooling, which on the one hand extended and more expensive because of this additional step, the creation of the sealing or creation process of the road. On the other hand, it has been shown that such roads due to the high axle loads of the vehicles using the roadway deform the lanes and lead within a short time to unwanted damage to the pavement.

WO 2008/095215 avoids the problem by using a concrete pavement. It discloses a concrete carriageway on a concrete support structure with an interposed plastic film and an adhesive layer between the plastic film and concrete carriageway. In order to ensure the adhesion of the concrete pavement with the adhesive layer in this case the spreading of quartz sand is proposed in the adhesive layer before its hardening.

AT 413 990 B proposes, in order to improve the bond between the plastic film and the bituminous base layer, the use of a polyurethane-based adhesive primer onto which loose granules of synthetic resin are sprinkled. On the one hand, the spreading of granules, however, involves some problems; in particular, during or after the spreading of the granules, in particular on wind-exposed concrete support structures, for example, large amounts of granules can be torn away, which leads to unwanted material losses or uncontrolled adhesion losses. In addition, it has been shown that such systems tend to shear bond strongly to adhesive fracture between granules and asphalt. The occurrence of adhesive fracture is always a sign of lack of adhesion and can lead to delamination or leakage especially after prolonged environmental exposure.

Presentation of the invention

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a roadway structure available, which can be easily and efficiently created and leads to a high adhesion between plastic film and bituminous base layer to a good bond and adhesion test under shear stress to high content of cohesive fracture in the Asphalt leads.

Surprisingly, it has been found that with a method according to claim 1 and a roadway structure according to claim 13 this problem can be solved. Such a roadway structure also has a favorable long-term behavior even under high axle loads of vehicles. This method allows a fast and cost-effective way Road on a support structure, in particular on a concrete support structure to seal.

The core of the present invention is the combination of a solid epoxy resin and a solid at room temperature thermoplastic polymer as an essential constituent of the necessary adhesive composition.

It has also been found that with the preferred embodiments, a major prior art problem, namely the unwanted release of adhesive, can be easily prevented, and thus the quality assurance in constructing a pavement structure can be easily increased.

It has been demonstrated by means of adhesion tests that the present invention makes it possible to massively increase the proportion of cohesive fracture in the asphalt. Thus, for shear strength, the critical point is the inherent strength of the asphalt rather than adhesion. Thus, it can also be ensured that the adhesive bond also remains intact over the long term and that the formation of delamination of the bitumen-based support layer, and thus the formation of cracks and leaks, can be massively reduced.

In particular, it is advantageous that can be dispensed with the use of a mastic asphalt.

Further aspects of the invention are the subject of further independent claims. Particularly preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Ways to carry out the invention

1. ( i) Aufbringen eines Primers auf eine Tragstruktur, insbesondere Aufbringen eines Betonprimers auf eine Betonstruktur;
2. ( ii) Aufbringen einer Kunststofffolie auf die nach Schritt (i) geprimerte Tragstruktur; sowie anschliessend
3. ( iii) Aufbringen einer Haftzusammensetzung enthaltend
   1. a) mindestens ein Epoxid-Festharz
   2. b) mindestens ein bei Raumtemperatur festes thermoplastisches Polymer
   und
4. ( iv) Aufbringen einer Tragschicht auf Bitumenbasis.

The present invention relates in a first aspect to a method for producing a roadway structure comprising the steps

1. (i) applying a primer to a support structure, in particular applying a concrete primer to a concrete structure;
2. (ii) applying a plastic film to the support structure primed after step (i); and then
3. (iii) applying an adhesive composition comprising
   1. a) at least one solid epoxy resin
   2. b) at least one thermoplastic polymer which is solid at room temperature
   and
4. (iv) applying a bituminous base course.

Such a support structure is preferably a building of civil engineering. In particular, this may be a bridge, a gallery, a tunnel, a ramp or departure ramp or a parking deck. A preferred example of such a support structure is a bridge. This required for the roadway supporting structure is a structure of a material which may have a supporting function. In particular, this material is a metal or a metal alloy or a concrete, in particular a reinforced concrete, preferably a reinforced concrete.

The most preferred example of such a support structure is a concrete bridge.

A primer, in particular a concrete primer, is applied to the support structure in step (i). A "primer" in this document is generally understood to mean a thin layer of a polymer applied to a substrate, which improves the adhesion between this substrate and another substrate. A primer has a flowable consistency at room temperature and is applied to the substrate by brushing, painting, rolling, spraying, casting or brushing. It should be noted that the term "flowable" here will refer not only to liquid, but also to higher viscosity honey-like to pasty materials whose shape is adjusted under the influence of gravity.

The term "room temperature" in this document means a temperature of 23 ° C.

As a "concrete primer" is meant in this document a thin layer of a polymer applied to the concrete, which the adhesion of Improved concrete to another substrate. In particular, as concrete primer apply primer based on epoxy resin. In particular, these are two-component epoxy resin primer whose one (ie first) component contains an epoxy resin, in particular an epoxy resin based on bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, and the other (ie second) component contains a curing agent, in particular a polyamine or a polymercaptan , Particular preference is given to epoxy resin primers which have no fillers. With further advantage, the concrete primers are highly fluid, in particular having a viscosity of less than 10,000 mPas, preferably between 10 and 1,000 mPas, so that they can penetrate into the concrete surface. Particularly preferred concrete primers are two-component, low-viscosity, epoxy resin primers, such as those sold under the trade name Sikafloor® or Sikagard® by Sika Deutschland GmbH, or Sika Schweiz AG. Particularly preferred concrete primers are Sikafloor®-156 Primer and Sikagard®-186.

For other materials, there are adequate primers, for steel, steel primers, as known to those skilled in the art.

As a "plastic primer" in this document is meant a thin layer of a polymer applied to the plastic film, which improves the adhesion of plastic film to another substrate. In particular, as a plastic primer apply primer based on epoxy resin.

Furthermore, it is preferred if between step (i) and step (ii) in the primer, preferably in the concrete primer, inorganic bedding agents, in particular sand, preferably quartz sand, are interspersed. In order to ensure a good bond between bedding agent and primer, in particular concrete primer, it is advantageous if this bedding agent is sprinkled before the primer is cured.

It is preferred if this inorganic bedding agent has a maximum particle size of less than 1 mm, in particular between 0.1 and 1 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 0.8 mm.

However, the amount of such bedding agents should be such that the primer is not completely covered, but that there are always places in the structure where the primer is in direct contact with the plastic film.

It has been found that the use of bedding agent is advantageous for the bond between plastic film and primer, or the support structure. Possible, but not limiting the invention, explanations for this are that the primer at least partially flows around the grain surface and thus a larger contact surface between the plastic film and primer is created, and / or that is strongly locally reinforced by the inorganic spreading means, the primer layer, so that be transmitted and / or that are made by the Einstreumittel a purely mechanical anchoring between the plastic film and primer by the integrated into the matrix of the primer grains lead to a roughened primer surface and these grains in the Embed the surface of the preferably elastic plastic film. In the case of a produced on site plastic film, in particular produced by a spraying process, the plastic film receives a significantly larger contact surface, since it is applied to a primer surface, which has a significantly larger surface area due to the roughening caused by the roasting agent.

With regard to the layer thickness of the primer, it is clear to the person skilled in the art that this, of course, is also strongly dependent on the surface roughness of the support structure and whether or not bedding agents are used. The average layer thickness of the primer is typically between 100 micrometers and 10 millimeters, advantageously the average layer thickness of the primer layer is less than 3 mm, preferably between 0.3 and 2 mm.

Subsequently, in step (ii), a plastic film is applied to the support structure primed after step (i).

In order to be as suitable as a plastic film, the plastic film should be as waterproof as possible and even under prolonged influence of water or moisture, do not decompose or be mechanically damaged. As plastic films in particular such films are suitable, as they are used for sealing purposes, especially for the roof construction or for the bridge sealing purpose in the prior art. To under the by applying the Base layer based on bitumen Temperature influence as little as possible damaged or changed to throw, it is particularly advantageous if the plastic films are made of a material having a softening point of about 140 ° C, preferably between 160 ° C and 300 ° C. The plastic film should advantageously have at least a low degree of elasticity, for example, can bridge caused by temperature expansion differences between asphalt and support structure or caused by cracks in the support structure or the support layer voltages without the plastic film is damaged or cracked and would impair the sealing function of the plastic film , Particularly preferred are plastic films based on polyurethanes or polyureas or poly (meth) acrylates or epoxy resins. The plastic film can be used as a prefabricated web. In this case, the plastic film is preferably produced by an industrial process in a film factory and arrives at the construction site preferably in the form of plastic film from a roll used. It is advantageous if, in this case, the plastic film is brought into contact with the primer before its complete hardening or hardening.

However, the plastic film can also be produced on site, for example by a crosslinking reaction of reactive components which are mixed and applied on site. Particularly advantageous have sprayed plastic films proven.

The plastic film advantageously has a layer thickness in the millimeter range, typically between 0.5 and 15 mm, preferably between 1 and 4 mm.

Most preferred as the plastic film are polyurethane films, in particular sprayed films of two-component polyurethanes.

It is advantageous if a plastic primer is applied to the plastic film applied in step (ii) prior to the application of the adhesive composition in step (iii) in a step (ii a). Plastic primers used are, in particular, primers based on two-component polyurethanes or epoxides, preferably epoxides.

The core of the present invention is the guarantee of the bond between the plastic film and the bituminous base layer by means of the application of a specific adhesive composition.

1. a) mindestens ein Epoxid-Festharz
   sowie
2. b) mindestens ein bei Raumtemperatur festes thermoplastisches Polymer

This adhesive composition contains as essential ingredients

1. a) at least one solid epoxy resin
   such as
2. b) at least one thermoplastic polymer which is solid at room temperature

The term "solid epoxy resin" is well known to the person skilled in the art and is used in contrast to "liquid epoxy resins". The glass transition temperature of solid resins is above room temperature, i. they can be ground at room temperature to give pourable powders.

Preferred solid epoxy resins have the formula (I)

Here, the substituents R 'and R "are independently of one another either H or CH _3. Furthermore, the subscript s stands for a value of> 1.5, in particular from 2 to 12.

Such solid epoxy resins are commercially available for example under the trade name D.E.R. ™ or Araldite® or Epikote from Dow or Huntsman or Hexion and accordingly the person skilled in the best known.

Compounds of formula (I) with an index s between 1 and 1.5 are referred to by the skilled person as semisolid epoxy resins. For the present invention, they are also considered as solid resins. However, preferred are epoxy resins in the narrower sense, i. where the index s has a value of> 1.5.

Among other things, it could be shown that, if instead of the epoxy solid resin an epoxy liquid resin is used, the advantages of the present invention does not occur. Thus, it is essential to the essence of the present invention that an epoxy solid resin be present in the adhesive composition.

The thermoplastic polymer which is solid at room temperature is a polymeric material at room temperature which softens at a temperature above one of the softening point and finally becomes fluid.

In this document softening temperatures or softening points (softening point) are understood in particular as measured by the Ring & Ball method according to DIN ISO 4625.

It is very advantageous if the thermoplastic polymer which is solid at room temperature has a softening point in the range from 80 ° C. to 150 ° C., in particular from 90 ° C. to 130 ° C. Particular preference is given to thermoplastic polymers which have a softening point which is at least 25 ° C. below the temperature of the bituminous base layer measured in step (iv) during application.

Particularly suitable thermoplastic polymers which are solid at room temperature are homopolymers or copolymers of at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer, in particular of monomers which are selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene, acrylonitrile, vinyl esters, in particular vinyl acetate, vinyl ethers, allyl ethers , (Meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid esters, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid esters, fumaric acid, fumaric acid esters and styrene.

Particularly suitable are copolymers which are prepared only from the monomers of the group just mentioned.

Also particularly suitable are graft-modified copolymers of olefinically unsaturated monomers, in particular the graft-modified copolymers of the preceding section.

Examples of thermoplastics which are solid at room temperature include polyolefins, in particular poly-α-olefins. Most preferred such polyolefins are atactic poly-α-olefins (APAO).

Most preferred thermoplastic polymers are ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA), in particular those having a vinyl acetate content of less than 50% by weight, in particular having a vinyl acetate content of between 10 and 40% by weight, preferably between 20 and 35 Wt .-%, most preferably between 27 and 32 wt .-%.

It has proven to be particularly preferred if at least two different thermoplastic polymers which are solid at room temperature are used, which preferably have a different chemical composition. Most preferably, one of these two different thermoplastic polymers is an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the further thermoplastic polymer is a copolymer in whose preparation maleic acid or maleic anhydride has been used as monomer or as grafting reagent.

The weight ratio of solid epoxy resin to thermoplastic polymer which is solid at room temperature is preferably between 1: 2 and 1:10, preferably between 1: 4 and 1: 8.

Furthermore, it has proved to be preferred if the adhesive composition comprises a tackifier resin, in particular based on hydrocarbon resins, preferably aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, in particular as sold for example by the company Exxon Mobil under the trade name Escorez ™.

It has proven particularly advantageous if the adhesive composition further contains a chemical or physical blowing agent.

These may be exothermic blowing agents, such as azo compounds, hydrazine derivatives, semicarbazides or tetrazoles. Preferred are azodicarbonamide and oxy-bis (benzenesulfonyl hydrazide), which release energy during decomposition. Also suitable are endothermic blowing agents, such as, for example, sodium bicarbonate / citric acid mixtures. Such chemical blowing agents are available, for example, under the name Celogen ™ from Chemtura. Also suitable are physical blowing agents, such as those sold under the trade name Expancel ™ by Akzo Nobel.

Particularly suitable blowing agents are those available under the trade name Expancel ™ from Akzo Nobel or Celogen ™ from Chemtura.

Preferred blowing agents are chemical blowing agents which release a gas on heating, in particular to a temperature of 100 to 160 ° C.

The amount of the physical or chemical blowing agent is in particular in the range of 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the adhesive composition.

Furthermore, the adhesive composition may in particular contain epoxide crosslinking catalysts and / or curing agents for epoxy resins, which is activated by elevated temperature. In particular, these are selected from the group consisting of dicyandiamide, guanamines, guanidines, aminoguanidines and their derivatives; substituted ureas, in particular 3- (3-chloro-4-methylphenyl) -1,1-dimethylurea (chlorotoluron), or phenyl-dimethylureas, in particular p-chlorophenyl-N, N-dimethylurea (monuron), 3-phenyl-1, 1-dimethylurea (fenuron), 3,4-dichlorophenyl-N, N-dimethylurea (diuron), N, N-dimethylurea, N-iso-butyl-N ', N'-dimethylurea, 1,1' - (hexane) 1,6-diyl) bis (3,3'-dimethylurea) as well as imidazoles, imidazole salts, imidazolines and amine complexes. These heat-activatable hardeners are preferably activatable at a temperature of 80-160.degree. C., in particular of 85.degree. C. to 150.degree. C., preferably of 90-140.degree. In particular, dicyandiamide is used in combination with a substituted urea.

The adhesive composition may additionally contain other constituents already in addition to the constituents mentioned, for example biocides, stabilizers, in particular heat stabilizers, plasticizers, pigments, adhesion promoters, in particular organosilanes, reactive binders, solvents, rheology modifiers, fillers or fibers, in particular glass, carbon, Cellulose, cotton or synthetic synthetic fibers, preferably fibers of polyester or of a homo- or copolymers of ethylene and / or propylene or of viscose. Depending on the embodiment of the adhesive composition, the fibers can be used as short fibers or long fibers, or in the form of spun, woven or non-woven fiber materials. The use of fibers is particularly advantageous for improving the mechanical reinforcement, in particular if at least some of the fibers consist of tensile or high-tensile fibers, in particular glass, carbon or aramids.

The adhesive composition is advantageously used in the form of granules, preferably with a granule diameter of 1 to 10 mm, in particular of 3 to 6 mm.

In a preferred embodiment, this adhesive composition is used in combination with a plastic film produced locally as described above, and applied within the open time of this plastic film produced, for example, by a crosslinking reaction of reactive components. The application of the adhesive composition is preferably carried out by sprinkling in the not yet fully reacted and at least slightly tacky plastic film. This has the great advantage that the spread adhesive composition remains stuck to the surface of the plastic film and unwanted removal, for example by wind, of the adhesive composition can be largely prevented.

In a further preferred embodiment, a plastic primer is applied to the plastic film applied in step (ii) in step (ii a), in which the adhesive composition is applied within the open time of the plastic primer. The application of the adhesive composition is preferably carried out by sprinkling in the not yet reacted and at least slightly sticky plastic primer. This has the great advantage that the spread adhesive composition remains stuck to the surface of the adhering to the plastic film plastic primer and unwanted removal, for example by wind, the adhesive composition can be largely prevented.

In a further preferred embodiment, the adhesive composition is used in the form of a film. This is done in the form of applying the adhesive composition in the form of a thin film. Such an adhesive composition film can be produced, for example, in a film factory by at least partial melting of the adhesive composition and subsequent extrusion or calendering. At most, it may also be advantageous if this adhesive composition film contains a fiber fabric or fleece or connected to a fiber fabric or fleece, z. B. an-extruidert, is. After cooling, this film can be easily rolled and thus easily stored or transported. Thus, the adhesive composition is simply on the site and can be unrolled and cut to the required dimensions. This is a very cost and time efficient work step. Basically, the surface of such an adhesive composition film is tack-free. However, it may be advantageous to be able to protect the surface of the adhesive composition film with a release paper, for example a siliconized paper, in order to be able to rule out the possible risk of the individual layers of a roll sticking together during the storage time. The use of an adhesive composition film has the great advantage that the adhesive composition is distributed over a large area and homogeneously and that the unwanted removal, for example by wind, of the adhesive composition can be largely prevented. It may also be helpful if a pressure sensitive adhesive is applied to one surface of such an adhesive composition film to achieve better fixation of the adhesive composition film to the plastic film during pavement fabrication. In this case, the use of a release paper is particularly recommended to prevent accidental sticking of the individual layers with each other, especially when they are rolled.

In a further preferred embodiment, the adhesive composition is applied in a molten state to the plastic film applied in step (ii). This is typically done by melting the adhesive composition in place by means of a warm-up device and, for example, sprayed or whisked in the molten state. Upon cooling, the adhesive composition solidifies into a thin film adhered to the plastic film.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, finally, the adhesive composition is a dispersion in which at least solid epoxy resin and thermoplastic polymer are present as a solid phase in a liquid phase. In this case, the adhesive composition in step (iii) is applied directly to the plastic film. The liquid phase is formed in particular by a liquid reactive binder, preferably a binder based on two-component epoxides, which at most still have solvents or plasticizers. At the end of the open time of this dispersion, a film is formed which binds the solid parts of the dispersion. This has the great advantage that these solids content of the adhesive composition remain stuck to the surface of the plastic film and an unwanted removal, for example by wind, the adhesive composition can be largely prevented.

Finally, in step (iv), a bituminous base support layer is applied.

It is particularly advantageous if this bituminous base support layer is applied directly to the adhesive composition.

This base layer represents the road surface, which is in direct contact with vehicles. The bituminous base layer is heated prior to application to a temperature of typically 140 ° C to 160 ° C and preferably rolled by means of a roll. The application of the bituminous support layer is well known to the person skilled in the art and will therefore not be discussed further here. In addition to bitumen, the base layer can have the other possible components known to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art will be well aware of the nature and amount of the constituents of bitumen-based compositions used in pavement construction. Of particular importance here is the fact that the support layer usually to a significant extent mineral fillers, especially sand or grit have.

The fundamental difficulty of ensuring a good bond between plastic film and base layer can probably be attributed to this mixture of mineral constituents and bitumen and can be explained as a consequence of their greatly differing hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity and the associated different wetting properties.

When the molten bitumen is contacted with the adhesive composition, the thermoplastic polymer, which is solid at room temperature, and any other fusible components of the adhesive composition will melt or melt depending on their melting point. If it melts, they can form a largely homogeneous thermoplastic layer or dissolve in the bitumen near the surface and form a thermoplastic-containing boundary phase layer. Thus, it is well within the spirit of the present invention that the adhesive composition need not necessarily form a discrete and individual layer. If the adhesive composition comprises a chemical or physical blowing agent, upon contacting the molten bitumen with the adhesive composition the propellant is activated and in particular a gas is released. It was found that the adhesion improvement is thereby further improved by observing the proportion of cohesive breakage during testing. The reason for this detention improvement is not yet clear. Gas evolution is believed to modify the bitumen structure at the interface, which in particular achieves better mechanical entanglement of bitumen and adhesive composition.

It is also considered advantageous that the solid epoxy resin at elevated temperature, already alone, but especially under the influence of epoxy crosslinking catalysts and / or hardener for epoxy resins, which are activated by elevated temperature, and / or compounds having anhydride groups can crosslink , This is considered one of the reasons for the increase in liability. However, it has also been found that the advantageous properties of the present invention are not achieved in the absence of the thermoplastic polymer which is solid at room temperature.

The roadway construction produced in this way has the significant advantage that a long-lasting bond between the individual layers is ensured among each other, that it remains dimensionally stable for a long time even under heavy axle loads. In addition, the bond between the plastic film and the bitumen has been greatly improved over the prior art. This results in significantly less fatigue cracks that could affect the Abdichtfunktion the roadway structure. This method presented here thus not only saves time in the manufacture of the roadway structure, but brings further savings in maintenance, since the repair or renewal intervals means can be extended.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the adhesive composition described above in detail for increasing the adhesion of bitumen to plastic.

• entweder eine zwischen Kunststofffolie und Tragschicht befindliche Haftschicht;
• oder einen modifizieren Bereich der Kunststofffolie und/oder Tragschicht im Grenzflächenbereich zwischen der Kunststofffolie und Tragschicht.

In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a roadway structure comprising a support structure, in particular a concrete support structure, the surface of which is coated with a primer, in particular with a concrete primer, on which a plastic film is mounted, and a base layer based on bitumen and

• either an adhesive layer located between the plastic film and the base layer;
• or a modified region of the plastic film and / or carrier layer in the interface region between the plastic film and the base layer.

The adhesive layer is in this case based on at least one solid epoxy resin and at least one solid at room temperature thermoplastic polymer.

The modified region of the plastic film and / or base layer in the interface region between the plastic film and the base layer is modified here with at least one solid epoxy resin and at least one thermoplastic polymer which is solid at room temperature.

Details on the individual layers and materials have already been discussed previously in the process of producing the roadway structure.

As previously discussed, either a discrete intermediate layer of the adhesive composition is formed during manufacture and forms the adhesive layer, or the plastic film and / or backing layer are modified by the adhesive composition such that the composition of the near-surface region of plastic film and / or backing layer chemically differs from the composition the area remote from the plastic film and / or base layer differs. The thickness of the modified region is highly dependent on the migration ability of the ingredients contained in the adhesive composition and the temperature of the bitumen in the application and its cooling behavior duration. For example, the migration ability is also dependent on the molecular weight and polarity of these constituents. Usually, the boundary of this modified area is not sharp but gradually formed.

Short description of the drawing

In the following, embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawings. The same elements are provided in the various figures with the same reference numerals. Movements are indicated by arrows.

Fig. 1

einen Querschnitt durch eine Tragstruktur mit aufgebrachtem Primer und Kunststofffolie (Situation während bzw. nach Schritt (ii));

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt durch eine Tragstruktur mit aufgebrachtem Primer und aufgebrachter Haftzusammensetzung (Situation nach Schritt (iii)) in einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform;

Fig. 3

einen Querschnitt durch eine Tragstruktur mit aufgebrachtem Primer und aufgebrachter Haftzusammensetzung (Situation nach Schritt (iii)) in einer zweiten bevorzugten Ausführungsform

Fig. 4

einen Querschnitt durch eine Tragstruktur mit aufgebrachtem Primer und aufgebrachter Haftzusammensetzung (Situation nach Schritt (iii)) in einer dritten bevorzugten Ausführungsform

Fig. 5

einen Querschnitt durch eine Tragstruktur mit aufgebrachtem Primer und aufgebrachter Haftzusammensetzung (Situation nach Schritt (iii)) in einer vierten bevorzugten Ausführungsform

Fig. 6

einen Querschnitt durch einen Fahrbahnaufbau mit Haftschicht

Fig.7

einen Querschnitt durch einen Fahrbahnaufbau mit modifizierten Bereich der Tragschicht und der Kunststofffolie.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a cross section through a support structure with applied primer and plastic film (situation during or after step (ii));

Fig. 2

a cross-section through a support structure with applied primer and applied adhesive composition (situation after step (iii)) in a first preferred embodiment;

Fig. 3

a cross section through a support structure with applied primer and applied adhesive composition (situation after step (iii)) in a second preferred embodiment

Fig. 4

a cross-section through a support structure with applied primer and applied adhesive composition (situation after step (iii)) in a third preferred embodiment

Fig. 5

a cross section through a support structure with applied primer and applied adhesive composition (situation after step (iii)) in a fourth preferred embodiment

Fig. 6

a cross section through a roadway with adhesive layer

Figure 7

a cross section through a roadway construction with modified region of the support layer and the plastic film.

The drawings are schematic. Only the elements essential for the immediate understanding of the invention are shown.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross section through a concrete support structure 2 with applied concrete primer 3 and plastic film 4. For this purpose, a two-component epoxy resin concrete primer 3 was applied to the concrete support structure 2 in a first step (i). Then, prior to curing, a quartz sand (in Fig. 1 not shown) with the grain size 0.4 mm sprinkled into the primer. Subsequently, in step (ii) a two-component polyurethane plastic film 4 was sprayed in a layer thickness of 4 mm. FIG. 1 shows the situation of the roadway structure after step (ii).

FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the application of the adhesive composition 5. In this case, the plastic film 4 was produced on site, in particular as a sprayable 2-component polyurethane film. The adhesive composition 5 is interspersed as a form of granules 5 'within, in particular towards the end, the open time of the plastic film 5 on the surface thereof. Since the plastic film is not yet fully reacted, they stick to the surface of the still sticky plastic film, or the granules 5 'sink easily into the plastic films and are thus integrated and fixed during the Ausreagieren of the plastic film in the plastic film surface.

FIG. 3 shows another preferred embodiment of applying the adhesive composition 5. In this case, a plastic primer 6 is applied to the plastic film 4. The plastic primer in this case preferably has a reactive binder, so that a crosslinking reaction occurs by a chemical reaction. The adhesive composition 5 is interspersed as a form of granules 5 'within, in particular towards the end, the open-time plastic primer 6 on its surface. Since the plastic primer is not yet completely reacted, sticking to the surface of the still sticky plastic primer, or the granules 5 'sink slightly into the plastic primer and are so incorporated and fixed during the Ausreagieren the plastic primer in the plastic primer.

FIG. 4 shows another preferred embodiment of applying the adhesive composition 5. In this case, the adhesive composition is applied in the form of a film 5 "The film was prepared by melting and extruding the adhesive composition in a film factory then a pressure sensitive adhesive 9 (pressure sensitive adhesive) applied and covered with a release film 10 and then rolled up. Such a role is now brought to the construction site if necessary, the film is unrolled and cut in the correct length and width and placed on the plastic film 4. When this laying the release film 10 is now deducted. In the FIG. 4 the deduction direction is indicated by a gray arrow. By removing the film, the pressure-sensitive adhesive 9 comes into contact with the plastic film 4, as a result of which the film 5 "is at least temporarily fixed with the plastic film 4, and the unwanted removal of adhesive composition 5 is largely prevented even in the case of larger wind movements.

FIG. 5 shows another preferred embodiment of applying the adhesive composition 5. In this case, the adhesive composition 5 is applied in the form of a dispersion 5 '. "The dispersion 5'" comprises solids phases of solid epoxy resin and thermoplastic polymer and a continuous liquid phase which is penetrated by liquid binder based on two-component epoxides and solvent or plasticizer is formed on. The dispersion 5 '"is applied homogeneously, for example by means of a brush, to the surface of the plastic film 4. Due to the curing reaction of the liquid binder, this liquid phase solidifies and binds the solid phase, so that the adhesive composition 5 is fixed on the surface of the plastic film 4 ,

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-section through an embodiment of a roadway structure 1. On the intermediate stage of the roadway structure, as he, for example, in FIG. 2 Hereinafter, a bituminous base support layer 8 was applied in step (iv). The adhesive composition 5, in particular in the form of interspersed granules 5 'were heated by the contact with the molten bitumen and are melted so that an adhesive layer 7' is formed. For the sake of simplicity, the adhesive composition 5 shown here was shown as a full-surface layer. After cooling down the Applied bituminous layer, the support layer 8 is stable and firmly connected to the plastic film 4.

FIG. 6 shows a schematic cross-section through a further embodiment of a roadway structure 1. At the intermediate stage of the roadway structure, as he, for example, in FIG. 2 Hereinafter, a bituminous base support layer 8 was applied in step (iv). The adhesive composition 5, in particular in the form of interspersed granules 5 'were heated by contact with the molten bitumen and melted. In the one shown here, the adhesive composition 5 penetrates into both the plastic film 4 and the base layer 8. Thus, in the interface region between the plastic film 4 and the base layer 8, a modified region forms near the surface, namely a modified region 7 "in the plastic film 4, or a modified region 7 '" in the base layer 8. As a result of penetration of the adhesive composition 5 in FIG the plastic film 4, or support layer 8, is the chemical composition at the locations, schematically in FIG. 6 indicated by * or * ', near the interface plastic film / base layer different from the composition of the plastic film 4, or support layer 8, in one place, schematically in FIG. 6 indicated by ** or ** ', away from the interface plastic film / base layer. After cooling the applied bituminous layer, the support layer 8 is stable and firmly connected to the plastic film 4.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

road construction

2

Support structure, concrete support structure

3

Primer, concrete primer

4

Plastic film

5

adhesive composition

5 '

Adhesive composition 5 in the form of granules

5 '

Adhesive composition 5 in the form of a film

5 ''

Adhesive composition 5 in the form of a dispersion

6

Plastic primer

7 '

adhesive layer

7 "

Adhesive composition modified interface area of the plastic film 4

7 ''

Adhesive composition modified interface area of the base layer 8

8th

Base layer based on bitumen

9

adhesive

10

release film

Examples

The compositions were prepared according to parts by weight in Table 1, in which the ingredients were mixed together in a twin-screw extruder at a temperature of 80 ° C. By subsequent strand granulation, a granule having a granule diameter of 1 to 3 mm was obtained. Table 1: Compositions in parts by weight. Ref.1 Ref.2 1 2 3 4 EVA ¹ 100.00 39.85 39.85 23:00 33.20 MAM-EVA ² 25.00 25.00 23:35 25.00 Araldite® GT 7071 (Huntsman) 98.07 6:00 am 6:00 am 6:00 am 6:00 am Escorez ™ 1304 (Exxon Mobile) 15:00 15:00 10:00 10:00 chalk 14:15 13:15 36.85 25.00 azodicarbonamide 1:00 0.80 0.8 dicyandiamide 1.93 ¹ EVA: ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (vinyl acetate content 28% by weight, softening point (Ring & Ball method according to DIN ISO 4625): 106 ° C.)
² MAM-EVA: maleic anhydride grafted ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (maleic anhydride content: 0.27% by weight)

As a model for a roadway structure and to test the mechanical values, concrete panels of the size 50 x 50 x 6 cm with Sikafloor®-156 (primer, based on 2-component epoxy resin, available from Sika Schweiz AG) were used as concrete primer in an amount coated from 0.3 to 0.4 kg / m ² . The primer was applied using a felt roller. After a ventilation time After 12 hours, Sikalastic®-821 LV (2-component polyurethane composition) was machine-sprayed by means of a 2-component high-pressure spray system to form a plastic film. Subsequently, after a waiting time of 2 hours, Sikafloor®-161 (available from Sika Schweiz AG) was applied as a plastic primer in a quantity of 0.3 to 0.4 kg / m ² using a felt roller. In each case granules of the compositions according to Table 1 were then sprinkled in an amount of 0.8 to 1.0 kg / m ² onto the still sticky plastic primer. After a waiting time of 24 hours, an asphalt asphalt AC T 16 N 70/100 heated to 160 ° C. was applied in two passes in an amount of 0.8 to 1.0 kg / m ² , so that in each case a layer thickness of 4 cm resulted, and rolled.

After cooling, the shear strength (" SF ") according to standard EN-13653 was tested after one day, and the fracture pattern obtained was assessed visually. In all cases there was always a break either within the asphalt layer (close to the surface) or in the boundary phase between the respective adhesive composition and the asphalt. The results thus obtained are summarized in Table 2. Table 2: Ref.1 Ref.2 1 2 3 4 SF [N / mm ² ] 0.95 0.91 1:04 1:00 1.16 1:07 Proportion of cohesive fracture ³ [%] 0 10 82 88 100 100 Proportion of adhesive fracture ⁴ [%] 100 90 18 12 0 0 Test results.
³ Cohesive fracture within the asphalt
⁴ Adhesive break between asphalt and granules of the respective composition

The results show that Comparative Examples Ref. 1 and Ref. 2 have a very high proportion of adhesive fracture, whereas the examples according to the invention have a very high proportion of cohesive fracture. The measured shear strength values of the examples according to the invention are noticeably, or sometimes greatly increased, compared to the comparative examples.

Claims (15)

1. Method for the production of a roadway structure (1) that comprises the steps

   (i) Application of a primer (3) to a support structure (2), in particular application of a concrete primer (3) to a concrete structure (2);

   (ii) Application of a plastic film (4) to the support structure (2) that is primed
   according to step (i);
   and then

   (iii) Application of an adhesive composition (5) that contains

   a) At least one solid epoxide resin

   b) At least one thermoplastic polymer that is solid at room temperature
   and

   (iv) Application of a bitumen-based support layer (8).
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive composition (5) in addition contains a chemical or physical blowing agent.
3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the thermoplastic polymer that is solid at room temperature is an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive composition (5) is used in the form of a granulate (5').
5. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein the adhesive composition (5) is used in the form of a film (5").
6. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bitumen-based support layer (8) is applied directly to the adhesive composition (5).
7. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the thermoplastic polymer that is solid at room temperature has a softening point in the range of 80°C to 150°C, in particular from 90°C to 130°C.
8. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of solid epoxide resin to thermoplastic polymer that is solid at room temperature is between 1:2 and 1:10, preferably between 1:4 and 1:8.
9. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the plastic film (4) is a polyurethane fil in particular a sprayed two-component polyurethane film.
10. Use of an adhesive composition (5) that contains

    a) At least one solid epoxide resin

    b) At least one thermoplastic polymer that is solid at room temperature to increase the adhesion of bitumen to plastic.
11. Use according to Claim 10, wherein the thermoplastic polymer that is solid at room temperature is ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
12. Use according to Claim 10 or 1 l, wherein the adhesive composition (5) in addition contains a chemical or physical blowing agent,
13. Roadway structure (1) that has
    a support structure (2), whose surface is coated with a primer (3), on which a plastic film (4) is applied,
    as well as a bitumen-based support layer (8) and
    either
    an adhesive layer (7') located between a plastic film (4) and support layer (8);
    or
    a modified area (7", 7"') of the plastic film (4) and/or support layer (8) in the interface area between the plastic film (4) and support layer (8);
    wherein
    the adhesive layer (7') is designed on the basis of at least one solid epoxide resin and at least one thermoplastic polymer that is solid at room temperature, or wherein
    the modified area (7", 7''') is modified with at least one solid epoxide resin and at least one thermoplastic polymer that is solid at room temperature.
14. Roadway structure (1) according to Claim 13, wherein the thermoplastic polymer that is solid at room temperature is an ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer.
15. Roadway structure (1) according to one of Claims 13 or 14, wherein the plastic film (4) is a polyurethane film, in particular a sprayed film that consists of two-component polyurethanes.

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