EP2281864B1 - Method and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2281864B1 EP2281864B1 EP09167484.6A EP09167484A EP2281864B1 EP 2281864 B1 EP2281864 B1 EP 2281864B1 EP 09167484 A EP09167484 A EP 09167484A EP 2281864 B1 EP2281864 B1 EP 2281864B1
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- gas
- reactor
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- gasification
- reactor chamber
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- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 49
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 42
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/30—Fuel charging devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/22—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues
- C10J3/24—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed
- C10J3/26—Arrangements or dispositions of valves or flues to permit flow of gases or vapours other than upwardly through the fuel bed downwardly
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
- C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
- C10J3/40—Movable grates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
- C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/725—Redox processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/152—Nozzles or lances for introducing gas, liquids or suspensions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/15—Details of feeding means
- C10J2200/156—Sluices, e.g. mechanical sluices for preventing escape of gas through the feed inlet
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 8.
- the invention thus relates to a method and to the devices of a working in vacuum autothermal DC fixed-bed gasifier with internal circulation to produce a nearly tar-free wood gas from wood chips or woody biomass for motor use, which produces mainly by optimizing the thermochemical process of gas reduction becomes.
- the goal is to increase the continuous production of wood gas with high quality and quantity by the gas reduction, which can be finally used with little effort of a dry gas treatment (dedusting and cooling) in internal combustion engines to generate electricity and heat.
- An alternative is also the utilization of the wood gas for biodiesel production, e.g. according to Fischer Tropsch method.
- a method of the type described above is known in which a gasification agent is injected into the middle region of a fixed bed reactor and is divided into a first and a second partial flow.
- the first partial stream withdrawn above is postoxidized in an oxidation chamber and subsequently added to the second partial stream.
- the resulting gas mixture is aftertreated in a fluidized bed reactor.
- the method described in this document is complex in terms of apparatus and requires in addition to the fixed bed reactor, a separate oxidation chamber and a fluidized bed reactor. It is an object of the invention to provide a process for the gasification of solid fuels, which has a high efficiency and results in a high quality end product.
- a three-stage pyrolysis reactor is known in which pyrolysis gas is sucked up, in the upper third air is blown, in the lower third air is blown with the externally guided down pyrolysis and down clean gas is withdrawn.
- the construction of this device is relatively complex, since several blowers are provided to move the individual gas streams.
- a complex temperature management is required by the outward gas streams. Due to the three-stage nature of the process, the reactor as a whole builds relatively high.
- the device of a spacious pan grate allows sufficient formation of a continuous charcoal emberstock as a reduction zone to produce a nearly tar-free wood gas by a full gas reduction requiring only a dry gas treatment.
- This method with the internal gas circulation constructive devices and the intensive diffuser injector injection of the raw gases into the oxidation zone utilizing the injector flow energy for conveying, mixing and blowing as well as the continuous charcoal stock formation in the large scale Sink grate as a reduction zone largely meets the requirements of ideal conditions of the catalytic and thermal gas formation processes to produce a nearly tar-free product gas.
- These temperature zones which are passed through the carburettor fuel wood chips are generally the drying zone at temperatures up to 200 ° C, the pyrolysis (decomposition, degassing) at temperatures between 200 ° C - 700 ° C, the oxidation zone or combustion zone at temperatures up to 1300 ° C. and the reduction zone at temperatures between 500 ° C - 600 ° C.
- the combustible gas mixture produced from the reduction zone is discharged or sucked off substantially vertically in direct current through the grate or its slots for gas treatment.
- the coal dust with the resulting wood ash is separated from the gas mixture.
- the multi-stage gasification plant DE 102 58 640 A1 the split into two partial gas streams in a countercurrent process and down from the fixed bed in a DC process.
- the volume ratios are used throttle bodies.
- the upwardly led partial gas stream is fed via the fuel bed for separate oxidation in an oxidation chamber and substoichiometrically oxidized by addition of combustion air at 1100 ° C - 1,300 ° C, so as to crack or oxidize the unwanted, long-chain hydrocarbon compounds can.
- a second untreated partial gas stream is converged downwardly from the fixed bed gasifier in direct co-current with the first hot exhaust gas from the oxidation chamber and mixed.
- the downwardly diverted partial gas stream also serves as a transport medium for the required Reduktionskoks in the reduction chamber, which is mixed with the first treated water vapor-rich gas stream is introduced for common gas reduction in the downstream reduction chamber.
- the pneumatic transport of the coke is supported by the supply of the exhaust gas from the oxidation chamber, wherein the formed as a fluidized bed reduction reactor with the incoming and koksstructureden gas forms the combustible gas components H2 and CO.
- This multi-stage gasification process by separation of the gas streams into individual reaction chambers by means of the control by throttle bodies is very expensive for the cracking or oxidation of undesirable long-chain hydrocarbon compounds with subsequent gas reduction and is known to be applied to fluidized bed gasifiers.
- the tarry-rich carbonization and pyrolysis gases are mixed with the gasification medium (blowing medium) by suction through the eight arranged diffuser nozzles and blown the carburetor in the oxidation zone for combustion or energy production with pressure energy. Due to the intensive turbulence of the gas mixture, as in the case of an oil burner, complete combustion of the tar-containing raw gases or cracking of the long-chain hydrocarbon chains occurs in the oxidation zone.
- the diffuser injection nozzles simultaneously effect by suction, mixing and blowing of the media a constant internal circulation of the gas streams in the reactor and thus a uniform temperature distribution, a complete flow of the thermochemical reactions with a sufficient Verändauer to reduce gas.
- the device of a spacious 8eckigen tub grid for receiving a sufficient charcoal embers stock as a reduction zone for gas production.
- this device of a spacious 8-sided bath grid provides the prerequisite for complete gas reduction and thus the production of a virtually tarry product gas.
- the transition from the oxidation zone into the reduction zone in the area of the bottle-neck constriction with the conclusion of the oblique trapezoidal 8eckigen grid grid also allows a homogeneous temperature distribution and intensive flow of gases, whereby the interactions of the reactions between oxidation and reduction are optimized for gas reduction.
- Compared to the multi-stage gasification plant DE 102 58 640 A1 differs the DC fixed-bed gasifier with internal circulation of the swelling and pyrolysis gas to the effect that no external separation of the gas streams for a separate gas treatment (oxidation-reduction chamber) is present, no throttle bodies and no pneumatic transport of coke for a formed as a fluidized bed reduction reactor, but the Optimization of all interactions between oxidation and reduction or the complex gas formation processes to obtain a nearly tar-free wood gas take place in a gasification reactor.
- the wood gas producer corresponds EP 0 693 545 A1 in which, in the area of the constriction in the gasifier chamber, a gas ring channel is provided for combustion of tar constituents, not the present invention, when a gas mixture is blown into the oxidation zone for complete combustion by means of an 8-jet nozzle ring with diffuser injection nozzles.
- the process and the technical devices can be used to produce the required operating conditions for the interaction between oxidation and reduction or the catalytic and thermal gasification processes such as the Boudouard equilibrium, the water gas equilibrium and the methane equilibrium under favorable conditions for investment and operation unburned hydrocarbons or tar distillates in the wood gas are given more.
- the pressureless-autothermal DC fixed-bed gasifier reactor space 2 has with the refractory lining 9 a bottle neck shape - comparable to the blast furnace. This constriction in the transition zone of the oxidation zone in the reduction zone is an intense mass transfer between the reacting surface of the charcoal stock and the gas components (CO2, H2O) to form the gas reduction (CO, H2, CH4).
- Fig. 1 is fed via a conveyor belt continuously carburetor fuel, consisting of lumpy wood chippings of the largely airtight fire-proof double-slider lock 10, which is introduced after reporting the paddle 8 in the reactor chamber 2.
- the gasification material in the reactor chamber 2 passes from top to bottom through the zones of drying, pyrolysis (decomposition, degassing), oxidation and reduction.
- pyrolysis decomposition, degassing
- oxidation and reduction oxidation and reduction.
- temperatures up to more than 1200 ° C. form on the nozzle level in the ember bed above the sump grate 3, with the energy released keeping the gasification processes of the individual zones going.
- the resulting swelling and pyrolysis gases rise countercurrently in the upper gasification chamber 7.
- a spacious grid in the form of a 8eckigen tub 3 is placed with oblique side walls in which continuously forms a charcoal stock as a reduction zone or as a catalyst for gas reduction.
- the product gas formed in the reduction zone exits downwards in the prevailing negative pressure operation, which is generated by the suction motor or exhaust gas fan.
- the product gas leaves the gas outlet via the refractory opening 14, the lateral gas outlet pipe 25 and is supplied to a gas cleaning or cooling before use in the motor thermal power plant.
- the wood ash produced during combustion and during gas production as well as the dusty and coarse-grained charcoal are carried along as abrasion.
- the coarse-grained charcoal ash with ash falls into the inclined part of the ash shaft 13 below the reactor.
- the ash and the coarse-grained Holzkohleabrieb is promoted and disposed of via a motor 19 operated with screw 18 in the gas-tight ash container 20.
- the side channels 6 are protected by covers 16, as well as the gas outlet opening 14 of the gas outlet nozzle 25 is protected from the ingress of ash and carbon fiber by a cover 15.
- the bottleneck-shaped constriction over the pan grate also causes an intensive material flow changes, the homogeneous temperature distribution the pyrolysis gas and gasification gas mixture and the glowing charcoal as a reduction zone allows further cleavage of residual tars.
- the internal circulation of the gas streams for splitting the hydrocarbons or tars additionally improves this process.
- an optimal temperature distribution in the reactor with a uniform complete sequence of the reactions and a sufficient residence time of the gases in the reaction zones is possible.
- An essential aspect is that the apparatus of the reactor vessel 1 from a cylindrical steel jacket, a bottle neck refractory wall 9 of the carburetor chamber 2 with vertical side channels 6, a ring pipe 4 to the carburetor, designed as 8-jet nozzle ring with uniformly distributed diffuser injector 5 (injector) for sucking out the swelling pyrolysis gases 7 (conveying medium) by the gasification agent 4 (blowing medium) and producing a gas mixture 22 of both media and blowing the gas mixture (diffuser-printing energy effect) into the oxidation zone, a double-slide lock 10 for introducing the carburetor fuel into the gasifier space 2, which is burned or gassed in the drying, pyrolysis and oxidation zones and continuously formed by the stoichiometric combustion of the carburetor fuel in the 8-cornered trapezoidal furnace grid 3 is a charcoal lump as a reduction zone for gas production around the process, in which by the
- the device of a nozzle ring 4, 5 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) is arranged evenly distributed around the gasification reactor with at least eight injector injection nozzles 5, which is connected to a ring pipe 4 lying outside the reactor and a centrally connected preheated gasification leads, in which the gas mixture 22 with the Schwell- and pyrolysis gases in the middle of Oxidation zone is injected into the carburetor and a controllable safety technology is ensured by this design.
- the device of a spacious 8eckigen oblique trapezoidal Feuerungsrostes with slot openings in the form of a trough 3 is centrally located in the middle of the gasification reactor, a movable base of the Feuerungsrostes by hand or motor 12 to eliminate interference from slag and Aschenansammlungen in which in comparison to the oxidation and pyrolysis zone, a proportionally oversized amount of a glowing charcoal cane is upstream as a reduction zone, which renews continuously by substoichiometric combustion of the carburetor fuel and thus as a catalyst a largely perfect reduction of the oxidation products (CO2, H2O) to produce a almost tarry product gas (CO, H2, CH4).
- CO2, H2O oxidation products
- CO, H2, CH4 almost tarry product gas
- the device of an ash shaft 13 in the lower part of the carburetor below the tub grid 3 fulfills the task of receiving the ash or carbon abrasion caused by the combustion of the carburetor fuel in the Wannerost 3 or by the abrasion caused by the suction of the Product gas in the vacuum mode by the slot-shaped Wannerost 3 falls on the underlying ash shaft 13 and is disposed of continuously via an ash screw 18 with motor drive 19 in the gas-tight ash container 20.
- the device is a largely airtight fire-proof double-slider lock 10 with motor drive, the feed of the gasification reactor with carburetor fuel, which is on the removable Cover 23, 24 of the steel cylinder is placed and the lower slide lock against radiation of hot gases with a fire-resistant, movable plate 11 is shielded.
- the device for gasification reactor Fig. 1 from serviceischen reasons in three constructive components can be dismantled, namely an upper part with the cover 24 and double slide lock 10, a middle part of a sheet steel cylinder ring 1 with a refractory lining 9 in bottle neck shape 17 and integrated vertical side channels 6 and a lower part in which the diffuser Injector-Einblasdüsen 5 with the ring pipe network 4, 8eckigen Wannerost 3, the connected ash shaft 13 with gas outlet nozzle 14, 25 and ash removal 18, 19, 20 and all components form a unit.
- the device of the inner lining 9 of the reactor space is designed in the shape of a bottle neck, are integrated in the vertical side channels for the internal circulation of gases in the vacuum operation, rests on the 8eckigen Sink grid 3 and thereby an intensive material flow change for a homogeneous temperature distribution, which prevents bridging and the burning out of cavities.
- the invention relates to an autothermic vacuum-operated fixed-bed DC gasifier with internal gas circulation for producing a virtually tar-free wood gas from biomass with the devices according to FIG Fig. 1 , a reactor chamber 2 with bottle neck lining 9 and integrated vertical side channels 6, a double slide lock 10 for introducing the carburetor fuel and an injector consisting of a at least 8-jet diffuser-injector nozzle ring 4, 5 for sucking and mixing the swelling and pyrolysis gases 7 with the gasification agent 5, the gas mixture 22 injected with pressure into the oxidation zone, the nozzle ring with a pipe ring outside the carburetor connected to preheated carburetor supplied, a proportionally oversized 8eckigen Wannenrostes 3 for receiving the charcoal embers as a reduction zone for sufficient gas reduction.
- the process of internally circulating the swelling and pyrolysis gases 7 with the gasification agent 4 through the injector conveyor sucks, mixes and injects the gas mixture into the oxidation zone for co-combustion with the gasoline fuel, thereby cracking the tars or hydrocarbons. a uniform temperature distribution, sufficient residence time is given for a complete reduction of gas in the reduction zone in the spacious pan grate.
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1 und ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 8.The present invention relates to a device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method according to the preamble of claim 8.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich somit auf ein Verfahren und auf die Vorrichtungen eines im Unterdruck arbeitenden autothermen Gleichstrom-Festbettvergasers mit interner Zirkulation zur Erzeugung eines nahezu teerfreien Holzgases aus Holzhackgut bzw. holzartige Biomasse zur motorischen Nutzung, das vor allem durch Optimierung des thermochemischen Prozesses der Gasreduktion erzeugt wird. Das Ziel ist die kontinuierliche Produktion eines Holzgases mit hoher Qualität und Quantität durch die Gasreduktion zu steigern, das schließlich mit geringem Aufwand einer trockenen Gasbehandlung (Entstaubung und Kühlung) in Verbrennungsmotoren zur Erzeugung von Strom und Wärme verwertet werden kann. Eine Alternative ist auch die Verwertung des Holzgases zur Biodieselherstellung, z.B. nach Fischer Tropsch-Verfahren. Konstruktive Vorrichtungen zur Gasreduktion sollen die problematischen Teerbildungen verhindern, um eine aufwendige Pyrolysegaswaschanlage vermeiden zu können. Mit der bekannten Technik der Heißgasfiltration (trockene Gasreinigung) soll das Holzgas ohne hohen Aufwand in hochtemperaturbeständigen Keramikfilterkerzen von Kohlenstaub gereinigt und anschließend gekühlt im Motor verbrannt werden.The invention thus relates to a method and to the devices of a working in vacuum autothermal DC fixed-bed gasifier with internal circulation to produce a nearly tar-free wood gas from wood chips or woody biomass for motor use, which produces mainly by optimizing the thermochemical process of gas reduction becomes. The goal is to increase the continuous production of wood gas with high quality and quantity by the gas reduction, which can be finally used with little effort of a dry gas treatment (dedusting and cooling) in internal combustion engines to generate electricity and heat. An alternative is also the utilization of the wood gas for biodiesel production, e.g. according to Fischer Tropsch method. Constructive devices for reducing gas to prevent the problematic tar formations in order to avoid a complex pyrolysis gas wash. With the known technique of hot gas filtration (dry gas cleaning), the wood gas to be cleaned without much effort in high temperature resistant ceramic filter cartridges of coal dust and then cooled in the engine to be burned.
Mit dem Verfahren und den konstruktiven Vorrichtungen werden wirtschaftliche Wettbewerbsvorteile erzielt, in dem hohe Investitionen und Betriebskosten aufwendiger Verfahren oder für eine Pyrolysegaswäsche zur Entfernung der Teere und deren Entsorgung von Pyrolyserückständen und der Energieverlust des Heizwertes abgeschiedener Kohlenwasserstoffe im Holzgas sowie zur Überwindung von Druckverlusten im System vermieden werden kann. Mit diesem Holzgas-Reduktionsverfahren ist im Vergleich zu anderen Verfahren ein höherer Wirkungsgrad erreichbar.With the method and the constructive devices economic competitive advantages are achieved, avoided in the high investment and operating costs of complex processes or for a Pyrolysisgaswäsche to remove the tars and their disposal of pyrolysis residues and the energy loss of the calorific value of deposited hydrocarbons in the wood gas and to overcome pressure losses in the system can be. With this wood gas reduction process, a higher efficiency is achievable compared to other methods.
Zur Erzielung maximaler Gasmenge aus dem Vergaserbrennstoff soll frisches gasreiches getrocknetes Hackgut aus Biomasse mit einer mittleren Stückgröße von ca. 30 mm bis 70 mm und einem maximalen Wassergehalt von 20% zum Einsatz gelangen.To achieve maximum gas from the carburetor fuel fresh gas-rich dried wood chips from biomass with a mean piece size of about 30 mm to 70 mm and a maximum water content of 20% is used.
Aus der
Aus der
Ähnliche Nachteile ergeben sich bei der Lösung, wie sie in der
Durch die intensive Verwirbelung des Gasgemisches - ähnlich einem Ölbrenner - kommt es in der Oxidationszone zur vollständigen Verbrennung der teerhaltigen Rohgase bzw. zur Crackung der langkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffketten.Due to the intensive turbulence of the gas mixture - similar to an oil burner - the complete combustion of the tar-containing raw gases or the cracking of the long-chain hydrocarbon chains occurs in the oxidation zone.
Unterhalb der Düsenebene am Ende der flaschenhalsförmigen Einengung ermöglicht die Vorrichtung eines geräumigen Wannenrostes die ausreichende Bildung eines kontinuierlichen Holzkohlenglutstockes als Reduktionszone zur Erzeugung eines nahezu teerfreien Holzgases durch eine vollständige Gasreduktion, das nur mehr eine trockene Gasbehandlung erfordert.Below the nozzle plane at the end of the bottleneck constriction, the device of a spacious pan grate allows sufficient formation of a continuous charcoal emberstock as a reduction zone to produce a nearly tar-free wood gas by a full gas reduction requiring only a dry gas treatment.
Dieses Verfahren mit den konstruktiven Vorrichtungen zur internen Gaszirkulation und die intensive Diffusor-Injektoreindüsung der Rohgase in die Oxidationszone unter Ausnützung der Injektorströmungsenergie zum Fördern, Vermischen und Einblasen sowie die kontinuierliche Holzkohlengutstockbildung im großräumigen Wannenrost als Reduktionszone erfüllt weitgehend die Anforderungen idealer Verhältnisse der katalytischen und thermischen Gasbildungsprozesse zur Erzeugung eines nahezu teerfreien Produktgases.This method with the internal gas circulation constructive devices and the intensive diffuser injector injection of the raw gases into the oxidation zone utilizing the injector flow energy for conveying, mixing and blowing as well as the continuous charcoal stock formation in the large scale Sink grate as a reduction zone largely meets the requirements of ideal conditions of the catalytic and thermal gas formation processes to produce a nearly tar-free product gas.
In diesem Gleichstromvergaser mit interner Zirkulation der Pyrolyse-Schwelgase werden die erforderlichen Einflussgrößen und Parameter der physikalischen und chemischen Prozesse nach dem Boudouardischen Gleichgewicht, dem Wasserstoffgleichgewicht und dem Methangleichgewicht für eine gute Gasqualität und Quantität umgesetzt. Diese sind
- der gleichmäßige, vollständige Ablauf der Reaktionen;
- die ausreichende Verweildauer der Gase in den Reaktionszonen;
- die optimale Temperaturverteilung im Reaktor nach den Betriebsbedingungen
- the uniform, complete course of the reactions;
- the sufficient residence time of the gases in the reaction zones;
- the optimal temperature distribution in the reactor according to the operating conditions
Die Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Holzgas durch Vergasung von Biomasse aus Holz ist Stand der Technik, jedoch die Erzeugung eines nahezu teerfreien Holzgases ist bislang nur mit erheblichen Aufwendungen möglich.The method for producing wood gas by gasification of biomass from wood is state of the art, but the production of a virtually tar-free wood gas has so far been possible only with considerable expenditure.
Als Grundlage aller Vergaser nach dem Prinzip des absteigenden Gleichstromes diente der Holzvergaser nach Imbert als Festbettreaktor, wobei diesem getrocknetes stückiges Holz und das Vergasungsmittel Luft-Sauerstoff über Luftdüsen unterstöchiometrisch zur Verbrennung bzw. Oxidation zugeführt wird. Hierbei wird das Holz im Allgemeinen thermisch in unterschiedliche Bestandteile zersetzt.The basis of all carburetors according to the principle of descending direct current served the wood gasifier to Imbert as a fixed bed reactor, this dried lumpy wood and the gasification agent air-oxygen is supplied via air nozzles substoichiometric to the combustion or oxidation. In this case, the wood is generally thermally decomposed into different components.
Bei der Zersetzung des Holzes im Vergasungsprozess ergeben sich im Festbett verschiedene Temperaturzonen, die nicht voneinander getrennt sind, sondern zwischen denen ein fließender Übergang stattfindet.In the decomposition of the wood in the gasification process arise in a fixed bed different temperature zones, which are not separated, but between which a smooth transition takes place.
Diese Temperaturzonen, die der Vergaserbrennstoff-Holzhackgut durchläuft sind im Allgemeinen die Trocknungszone bei Temperaturen bis 200°C, die Pyrolysezone (Zersetzung, Entgasung) bei Temperaturen zwischen 200°C - 700°C, die Oxidationszone bzw. Verbrennungszone bei Temperaturen bis 1.300°C sowie die Reduktionszone bei Temperaturen zwischen 500°C - 600°C.These temperature zones, which are passed through the carburettor fuel wood chips are generally the drying zone at temperatures up to 200 ° C, the pyrolysis (decomposition, degassing) at temperatures between 200 ° C - 700 ° C, the oxidation zone or combustion zone at temperatures up to 1300 ° C. and the reduction zone at temperatures between 500 ° C - 600 ° C.
Um die Energie verbrauchenden Zonen der Trocknung, der Pyrolyse und der Reduktion in Gang (endotherme Prozesse) halten zu können, ist im Bereich der Verbrennung (Oxidation) zur thermischen Energiegewinnung der Einsatz eines geeigneten Vergaserbrennstoffes aus Holzhackgut (Stückigkeit, Heizwert) und eine ausgereifte Vorrichtung zur Produktion bereits brennbarer Gasbestandteile (CO, H2) als auch nicht brennbarer gasförmiger Zwischenprodukte (CO2, H2O) erforderlich (exothermer Prozess).In order to keep the energy-consuming zones of drying, pyrolysis and reduction in progress (endothermic processes), in the field of combustion (oxidation) for thermal energy production of a suitable carburetor fuel from wood chips (bulk, calorific value) and a sophisticated device for the production of combustible gas components (CO, H 2 ) as well as non-combustible gaseous intermediates (CO 2 , H 2 O) (exothermic process).
Im Zuge der Verbrennung bzw. Oxidation wird Energie durch Wärme freigesetzt, die das darüber liegende Hackgut zersetzt und entgast und weiters im oberen Bereich vortrocknet. In der Oxidationszone entsteht verkokstes Holz bzw. Holzkohle, die die Reduktionszone bildet, wo ein Teil der Verbrennungsprodukte (CO2, H2O) zu weiteren brennbaren Gasbestandteilen (CO, H2, CH4) als Gasgemisch reduziert wird.In the course of combustion or oxidation, energy is released by heat, which decomposes and degasses the overlying wood chips and further pre-dries in the upper area. In the oxidation zone, charred wood or charcoal forms, which forms the reduction zone, where part of the combustion products (CO 2 , H 2 O) is reduced to further combustible gas components (CO, H 2 , CH 4 ) as a gas mixture.
Bei der Produktion der Holzkohle verringert sich das Volumen des Holzhackgutes, so dass zur Ausbildung einer kompakten Reduktionszone bei den Vergasern eine Einschnürung des Reaktors im Übergangsbereich von der Oxidationszone zur Reduktionszone vorgesehen ist.In the production of charcoal, the volume of wood chippings decreases, so that a constriction of the reactor in the transition region from the oxidation zone to the reduction zone is provided to form a compact reduction zone in the carburetors.
Das aus der Reduktionszone erzeugte brennbare Gasgemisch wird im Wesentlichen vertikal im Gleichstrom durch den Rost bzw. dessen Schlitzen zur Gasbehandlung abgeleitet bzw. abgesaugt. Hierbei wird der Kohlenstaub mit der anfallenden Holzasche von dem Gasgemisch getrennt.The combustible gas mixture produced from the reduction zone is discharged or sucked off substantially vertically in direct current through the grate or its slots for gas treatment. Here, the coal dust with the resulting wood ash is separated from the gas mixture.
Das allgemeine Problem der Gleichstrom-Festbettvergaseranlagen bekannter Verfahren ist nach wie vor die Beherrschung der einzelnen komplexen Verfahrensschritte zur Vermeidung der Produktion von Teere bzw. Kohlenwasserstoffe im Gasgemisch aufgrund einer unzureichender Vergasung. Hierbei sind auch die Probleme der Ansammlung der aufsteigenden teerhaltigen Schwel- und Pyrolysegase im oberen Vergaserraum und die unzufriedene Lösung einer Gasbehandlung bekannt.The general problem of DC fixed bed gasification plants known methods is still the mastery of the individual complex process steps to avoid the production of tars or hydrocarbons in the gas mixture due to insufficient gasification. Here are the problems of accumulation of rising tar-containing sulfur and pyrolysis gases in the upper carburetor and the dissatisfied solution of a gas treatment are known.
Eine weitere Ursache für den hohen Anteil von Pyrolysegase unverbrannter Kohlenwasserstoffketten ist auch der Betrieb großvolumiger Gasreaktoren mit Vergaserbrennstoffe unterschiedlicher Stückgröße und Feuchte. Bei diesen Reaktoren ist die Reduktionszone im Verhältnis zur Oxidations- und Pyrolysezone unterdimensioniert ausgebildet, wodurch keine ausreichende Gasreduktion stattfinden kann und somit eine aufwendigen Gasbehandlung erforderlich ist.Another reason for the high proportion of pyrolysis gases unburned hydrocarbon chains is the operation of large-volume gas reactors with carburetor fuels of different piece size and humidity. In these reactors, the reduction zone is designed undersized in relation to the oxidation and pyrolysis, whereby no sufficient gas reduction can take place and thus a complex gas treatment is required.
Daher werden in jüngster Zeit zur Verhinderung der allgemein bekannten Teerfracht im Produktgas komplexe, mehrstufige Vergasungskonzepte entwickelt. Hierbei wird das Ziel verfolgt, die komplexen Gasteilströme aufzuspalten und diese zur Erzeugung eines reinen Produktgases in geeignete kontrollierbare Reaktionszustände zu bringen. Dies erfordert einen dementsprechenden technischen Aufwand für die Regelung der Gasströme und einen zusätzlichen Energieaufwand zur Gasbehandlung bei den geforderten hohen Temperaturzuständen von 1.300°C zur thermischen Spaltung der Teerbestandteile.Therefore, complex multi-stage gasification concepts have recently been developed to prevent the well-known tar load in the product gas. Here, the goal is pursued to split the complex gas streams and bring them to produce a pure product gas in suitable controllable reaction states. This requires a corresponding technical effort for the control of the gas flows and an additional energy input for gas treatment at the required high temperature conditions of 1300 ° C for thermal cleavage of tar components.
So werden bei der mehrstufigen Vergasungsanlage
Dieser mehrstufige Vergasungsprozess durch Auftrennung der Gasströme in einzelne Reaktionskammern mit Hilfe der Steuerung durch Drosselorgane ist für die Crackung bzw. Oxidation unerwünschter langkettiger Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen mit anschließender Gasreduktion sehr aufwendig und wird bekanntlich bei Wirbelschichtvergasern angewandt.This multi-stage gasification process by separation of the gas streams into individual reaction chambers by means of the control by throttle bodies is very expensive for the cracking or oxidation of undesirable long-chain hydrocarbon compounds with subsequent gas reduction and is known to be applied to fluidized bed gasifiers.
Ein weiteres Verfahren zur Verringerung der Teeranteile im Produktgas ist in der
Diese Entwicklungen zeigen verschiedene Lösungen zur möglichen Verringerung der Teeranteile im Produktgas auf, die jedoch mit der vorliegenden Erfindung des Festbett-Gleichstromvergasers mit interner Zirkulation der Rohgase nicht vergleichbar sind. Die technische Lösung der bekannten Probleme der Vergasung wird mit der Erfindung des Gleichstromvergasers mit interner Zirkulation dadurch gelöst, indem die aufsteigende teerreichen Schwel- und Pyrolysegase, die bei der Zersetzung und Entgasung durch die Verbrennung (Oxidation) des Vergaserbrennstoffes entstehen, über die innenliegenden vertikalen Seitenkanäle im Reaktor mit Hilfe der Diffusor-Injektordüsenwirkung (Injektorfördertechnik) im oberen Vergaserraum abgesaugt werden.These developments show various solutions for the possible reduction of the tar content in the product gas, which however are not comparable with the present invention of the fixed bed direct current gasifier with internal circulation of the raw gases. The technical solution to the known problems of gasification is achieved with the invention of Gleichstromvergasers with internal circulation, characterized in that the rising tar rich Schwel- and pyrolysis gases, which arise during the decomposition and degassing by the combustion (oxidation) of the carburetor, via the inner vertical side channels be sucked in the reactor with the help of the diffuser injector nozzle effect (injector conveyor technology) in the upper carburetor space.
Hierbei werden die teerreichen Schwel- und Pyrolysegase (Fördermedium) mit dem Vergasungsmittel (Treibmedium) durch Absaugen über die acht angeordneten Diffusor-Düsen miteinander vermischt und dem Vergaser in die Oxidationszone zur Verbrennung bzw. Energiegewinnung mit Druckenergie eingeblasen. Durch die intensive Verwirblung des Gasgemisches - wie bei einem Ölbrenner - kommt es in der Oxidationszone zur vollständigen Verbrennung der teerhaltigen Rohgase bzw. zur Crackung der langkettigen Kohlenwasserstoffketten.In this case, the tarry-rich carbonization and pyrolysis gases (conveying medium) are mixed with the gasification medium (blowing medium) by suction through the eight arranged diffuser nozzles and blown the carburetor in the oxidation zone for combustion or energy production with pressure energy. Due to the intensive turbulence of the gas mixture, as in the case of an oil burner, complete combustion of the tar-containing raw gases or cracking of the long-chain hydrocarbon chains occurs in the oxidation zone.
Die Diffusor-Einblasdüsen bewirken gleichzeitig durch Absaugen, Vermischen und Einblasen der Medien eine ständige interne Zirkulation der Gasströme im Reaktor und damit eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung, einen vollständigen Ablauf der thermochemischen Reaktionen mit einer ausreichenden Vereildauer zur Gasreduktion.The diffuser injection nozzles simultaneously effect by suction, mixing and blowing of the media a constant internal circulation of the gas streams in the reactor and thus a uniform temperature distribution, a complete flow of the thermochemical reactions with a sufficient Verändauer to reduce gas.
Diese Reaktions- und Strömungsvorgänge der Gase oberhalb der Düsenebene erfolgen im Gegenstrom zum Verlauf der Brennstoffführung im Vergaser (Bereich A) und entstehen durch das Freisetzen von Wärmenergie bei der Zuführung des Luft-Sauerstoff-Gasgemisches (unterstöchiometrische Verbrennung) in den Zonen der teilweisen Oxidation, Pyrolyse und Trocknung.These reaction and flow processes of the gases above the nozzle level occur in countercurrent to the course of the fuel guide in the gasifier (area A) and arise from the release of heat energy in the supply of the air-oxygen gas mixture (stoichiometric combustion) in the zones of partial oxidation, Pyrolysis and drying.
Die Vorteile dieses Verfahrens und der Vorrichtung zur Absaugung der teerhältigen Schwel- und Pyrolysegase im oberen Vergaserraum über den Injektorförderer der Diffusor-Injektoreinblasdüsen sind vorallem der Energiegewinn durch die vollständige Verbrennung der teerhaltigen Gase zur weiteren Gasreduktion, die Verhinderung des nicht ungefährlichen Gasaustrittes über die Brennstoffzufuhr-Öffnung und die Vermeidung zusätzlicher Aufwendungen zur Abführung und weiteren Gasbehandlung der Schwel- und Pyrolysegase.The advantages of this method and the device for extracting the tar-containing carbonization and pyrolysis gases in the upper carburetor space via the injector conveyor of the diffuser Injektoreinblasdüsen are especially the energy gain from the complete combustion of the tar-containing gases for further gas reduction, the prevention of non-hazardous gas leakage via the fuel supply Opening and avoiding additional expenses for removal and further gas treatment of the carbonization and pyrolysis gases.
Unterhalb der Düsenebene (Bereich B) befindet sich am Ende der flaschenhalsförmigen Einengung die Vorrichtung eines geräumigen 8eckigen Wannenrostes zur Aufnahme eines ausreichenden Holzkohlenglutstockes als Reduktionszone zur Gasgewinnung.Below the nozzle level (area B) is at the end of the bottleneck-shaped constriction, the device of a spacious 8eckigen tub grid for receiving a sufficient charcoal embers stock as a reduction zone for gas production.
Bei der Zersetzung, Entgasung und Oxidation (Verbrennung) des Vergaserbrennstoffes bildet sich kontinuierlich ein Holzkohlenglutstock, der sich bei der Gasreduktion erneuert.In the decomposition, degassing and oxidation (combustion) of the carburetor fuel is continuously formed a charcoal liqueur, which renewed in the gas reduction.
Im Unterdruckbetrieb und im Gleichstrom werden mit der Saugkraft des Gasmotors die bei der Verbrennung erzeugten Oxidationsprodukte (CO2, H2O) über diese glühende Holzkohle im Wannenrost gezogen und hierbei zu brennende Gase (CO, H2, CH4) reduziert.In the printing operation and in the direct current, the oxidation products produced during the combustion (CO2, H2O) this glowing charcoal are drawn in the trough grate with the suction force of the gas engine and thereby to burning gases (CO, H 2, CH 4) is reduced.
Diese Vorrichtung eines geräumigen 8eckigen Wannenrostes bietet durch die proportionale Übergröße im Vergleich zur Größe der Oxidations- und Pyrolysezone die Vorraussetzung einer vollständigen Gasreduktion und somit die Erzeugung eines nahezu teerfreien Produktgases.Due to the proportional oversize compared to the size of the oxidation and pyrolysis zone, this device of a spacious 8-sided bath grid provides the prerequisite for complete gas reduction and thus the production of a virtually tarry product gas.
Der Übergang von der Oxidationszone in die Reduktionszone im Bereich der flaschenhals-förmigen Einengung mit den Abschluss des schrägen trapezförmigen 8eckigen Wannenrostes ermöglicht weiters eine homogene Temperaturverteilung und intensive Durchströmung der Gase, wodurch die Wechselwirkungen der Reaktionen zwischen Oxidation und Reduktion zur Gasreduktion optimiert werden.The transition from the oxidation zone into the reduction zone in the area of the bottle-neck constriction with the conclusion of the oblique trapezoidal 8eckigen grid grid also allows a homogeneous temperature distribution and intensive flow of gases, whereby the interactions of the reactions between oxidation and reduction are optimized for gas reduction.
Im Vergleich zur mehrstufigen Vergasungsanlage
Ebenso entspricht der Holzgaserzeuger
Die Vorteile dieses Verfahren und den konstruktiven Vorrichtungen des autothermen-drucklosen Gleichstrom-Festbettvergaser mit interner Zirkulation sind nach
- durch das Absaugen und Vermischen der zirkulierenden Schwell- und Pyrolysegase mit dem Vergasungsmittel über den Injektorförderer der Diffusor-Injektordüsen (
Fig. 3 ) und durch das Einblasen dieses Gasgemisches in die Oxidationszone wird eine intensive Verbrennung bzw. Oxidation mit hohen Temperaturen von etwa 1.300°C erreicht, wobei eine Crackung der Teere bzw. unerwünschter langkettiger Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen gegeben ist; - durch die Diffusor-Injektorwirkung wird der Antrieb der Gaszirkulation über den mindestens 8strahligen Düsenkranz in Gang gehalten, wodurch eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung und eine ausreichende Verweildauer der Gase für den vollständigen Ablauf der Gasreduktion erreicht wird;
- mit der Vorrichtung eines proportional übergroßen 8eckigen Wannenrostes ist eine ausreichende Menge glühender Holzkohle als Reduktionszone vorhanden, die eine vollkommene Reduktion der Oxidationsprodukte für die Erzeugung eines nahezu teerfreien Holzgases ermöglicht.
- by sucking off and mixing the circulating swelling and pyrolysis gases with the gasification agent via the injector conveyor of the diffuser injector nozzles (
Fig. 3 ) and by injecting this gas mixture into the oxidation zone, an intensive combustion or oxidation with high temperatures of about 1300 ° C is achieved, wherein a cracking of the tars and unwanted long-chain hydrocarbon compounds is given; - by the diffuser-injector action, the drive of the gas circulation via the at least 8-jet nozzle ring is kept in motion, whereby a uniform temperature distribution and a sufficient residence time of the gases is achieved for the complete course of the gas reduction;
- with the device of a proportionally oversized 8eckigen gridiron a sufficient amount of glowing charcoal is available as a reduction zone, which allows a complete reduction of the oxidation products for the production of a nearly tar-free wood gas.
Mit dem Verfahren und den technischen Vorrichtungen können unter günstigen Bedingungen für Investition und Betrieb die erforderlichen Betriebsbedingungen für die Wechselwirkung zwischen Oxidation und Reduktion bzw. der katalytischen und thermischen Gasbildungs-Prozesse wie das Boudouardische Gleichgewicht, das Wassergasgleichgewicht und das Methangleichgewicht hergestellt werden, sodass nahezu keine unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffe bzw. Teerdestillate im Holzgas mehr gegeben sind.The process and the technical devices can be used to produce the required operating conditions for the interaction between oxidation and reduction or the catalytic and thermal gasification processes such as the Boudouard equilibrium, the water gas equilibrium and the methane equilibrium under favorable conditions for investment and operation unburned hydrocarbons or tar distillates in the wood gas are given more.
Auf diese Weise können die komplexen Vorgänge der Verbrennung und Vergasung zur Erzeugung eines Produktgases mit höchster Qualität und Quantität mit dem Ziel - minimaler Aufwand für eine trockene Gasbehandlung (Heißgasfiltration zur Entstaubung) und Kühlung des Gases zur motorischen Nutzung - umgesetzt werden.In this way, the complex processes of combustion and gasification can be implemented to produce a product gas of the highest quality and quantity with the aim of minimizing the expense of dry gas treatment (hot gas filtration for dedusting) and cooling of the gas for engine use.
Der kontinuierliche Vergasungsprozess von Biomasse aus Holz verlangt auf Grund der geschilderten Prozessketten eine Vielzahl von Anlagenkomponenten und Verfahrenstechnologien, die alle aufeinander abgestimmt sein müssen, um einerseits Betriebsstörungen zu vermeiden und anderseits maximale Wirkungsgrade mit bester Gasqualität und Quantität zu erreichen.Due to the described process chains, the continuous gasification process of wood biomass requires a large number of plant components and process technologies, all of which must be coordinated in order to avoid malfunctions on the one hand and to achieve maximum efficiencies with the best gas quality and quantity on the other hand.
Die Umsetzung der Prozessketten eines ganzheitlichen Vergasungssystems ist das Produkt eines Holzgaskraftwerksystems mit folgenden verketteten Anlagenkomponenten:
- Brennstoffaufbereitung (Hacken, Sieben), kontinuierliche Trocknung, Beschickung der Vorratsbehälter und des Vergasers, Nachverbrennung oder Gasfackel, Entstaubung durch Heißgasfiltration, Gaskühlung und die Erzeugung von Strom und Wärme in einem Gasmotor-Heizkraftwerk.
- Fuel preparation (chopping, screening), continuous drying, charging of the reservoir and the carburetor, afterburning or gas flare, dedusting by hot gas filtration, gas cooling and the generation of electricity and heat in a gas engine power plant.
Die Erfindung des Gleichstrom-Reduktion-Festbettvergasungsreaktors mit interner Zirkulation besteht gemäß
- 1. die abnehmbare feuerbeständige gasdichte Abdeckung 24 des
Vergasers mit Befestigung 23 und der Beschickungseinrichtung einerDoppelschieberschleuse mit Motorantrieb 10; - 2. der Stahlmantel als Zylindergefäß 1 mit der feuerfesten Mauerung 9 und integrierten Belüftungskanälen 6 sowie Anschlüssen von Armaturen 8;
- 3. der abnehmbare Unterteil des Reaktors 23 mit der außen liegenden Ringrohrleitung 4 und dem Anschluss an die 8strahligen Diffusor-Injektordüsen 5 als Düsenkranz, in dem zur Verbrennung bzw. Vergasung des
Brennstoffes das Gasgemisch 22aus Pyrolysegas 7 mit dem Vergasungsmittel 4 eingeblasen wird und dem 8eckigen schrägförmigen Wannenrost 3 mit einem beweglichen Unterteil des Rost für Hand-oder Motorbetrieb 12, für die Aufnahme des Holzkohlenglutbettes als Reduktionszone sowie den darunter liegenden schräg eingeengten Abgangals Aschenschacht 13mit motorischer 19Austragung 18 der Asche indem gasdichten Aschenbehälter 20,den beweglichen Rost 3 14,25.sowie den Gasaustrittstutzen
- 1. the removable fire-resistant gas-
tight cover 24 of the carburetor withattachment 23 and the loading device of a double-slider lock withmotor drive 10; - 2. the steel shell as a cylinder vessel 1 with the refractory wall 9 and
integrated ventilation ducts 6 and fittings of valves 8; - 3. the removable lower part of the
reactor 23 with the outer ring pipe 4 and the connection to the 8-jet diffuser injector nozzles 5 as nozzle ring in which thegas mixture 22 ofpyrolysis gas 7 is blown with the gasification agent 4 for combustion or gasification of the fuel 8eckigendiagonal gridiron 3 with a movable base of the grate for manual ormotor operation 12, for receiving the charcoal embers bed as a reduction zone and the underlying obliquely narrowed outlet asash shaft 13 withmotor 19discharge 18 of the ash in the gas-tight ash container 20, themovable grate 3 and the 14,25.gas outlet pipe
Der drucklose-autotherme Gleichstrom-Festbettvergaser-Reaktorraum 2 hat mit der feuerfesten Ausmauerung 9 eine Flaschenhalsform - vergleichbar wie beim Hochofen. Durch diese Einschnürung im Übergangsbereich der Oxidationszone in die Reduktionszone ist ein intensiver Stofftransport zwischen der reagierenden Oberfläche des Holzkohlengutstockes und den Gasbestandteilen (CO2, H2O) zur Bildung der Gasreduktion (CO, H2, CH4) gegeben.The pressureless-autothermal DC fixed-bed gasifier reactor space 2 has with the refractory lining 9 a bottle neck shape - comparable to the blast furnace. This constriction in the transition zone of the oxidation zone in the reduction zone is an intense mass transfer between the reacting surface of the charcoal stock and the gas components (CO2, H2O) to form the gas reduction (CO, H2, CH4).
Nach
Das Vergasungsmaterial im Reaktorraum 2 durchläuft von oben nach unten die Zonen der Trocknung, Pyrolyse (Zersetzung, Entgasung), Oxidation und Reduktion. Bei der Verbrennung in der Oxidationszone bilden sich auf der Düsenebene im Glutbett über dem Wannenrost 3 Temperaturen bis über 1.200°C, wobei die frei werdende Energie die Vergasungsprozesse der einzelnen Zonen in Gang halten. Hierbei steigen die entstehenden Schwell- und Pyrolysegase im Gegenstrom in den oberen Vergaserraum 7 auf.The gasification material in the reactor chamber 2 passes from top to bottom through the zones of drying, pyrolysis (decomposition, degassing), oxidation and reduction. During the combustion in the oxidation zone, temperatures up to more than 1200 ° C. form on the nozzle level in the ember bed above the
Über mindestes acht gleichmäßig verteilte Injektordüsen 4, in der Form eines Diffusors - siehe
Durch dieses Absaugen der leicht flüchtigen Schwelgase bzw. teerhältige Pyrolysegase 7, die bei den Reaktionen der Trocknung, Zersetzung, Entgasung durch die Verbrennung der Vergaserbrennstoffe im Aufsteigen entstehen, wird eine interne Zirkulation der Gasströme über den Vergaserraum in Gang gesetzt. Die Durchströmung des Vergaserbrennstoffes bzw. die Zirkulation der Gasströme unverbrannter Kohlenwasserstoffe begünstigt eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung im Vergasungsreaktor und verstärkt auf diese Weise den vollständigen Ablauf der Gleichgewichtsreaktionen.By this suction of the volatile fugitive gases or
Durch das Absaugen der aufsteigenden Pyrolysegase im oberen Vergaserraum 7 über die innenliegenden Seitenkanäle 6 wird das allgemein bekannte Problem des unerwünschten Gasaustrittes bei der Öffnung zur Brennstoffeinbringung in den Vergaser gelöst. Die in den oberen Vergaserraum im Gegenstrom aufsteigenden nicht ungefährlichen Pyrolysegase werden zumeist je nach Verfahren mit hohem Aufwand einer Gasreinigung zugeführt.By sucking the ascending pyrolysis gases in the
Nach dem intensiven Mischvorgang zwischen dem Fördermedium des Schwell- und Pyrolysegases und dem Treibmedium des Vergasungsmittel (z.B. Luftsauerstoff) bewirkt die Druckenergie der Diffusor-Injektordüsen 5 beim Einblasen des Gasgemisches 22 in das Holzkohlenglutbett eine optimale Verbrennung des Gasgemisches bzw. Crackung der teerhaltigen Schwell-und Pyrolysegases. Die unterstöchiometrische Zugabe von Verbrennungsluft führt zu dem Energiegewinn zu einem hohen Temperaturstieg (exothermer Prozess) auf etwa 1.100°C bis 1.200°C, wodurch eine weitgehende Spaltung bzw. Umwandlung der unverbrannten Kohlenwasserstoffe in die chemischen Bestandteile (CO2, H2O) erreicht wird.After the intensive mixing process between the pumped medium of the swelling and pyrolysis gas and the propellant of the gasification agent (eg atmospheric oxygen) causes the pressure energy of the diffuser injector nozzles 5 during injection of the
Zur Steigerung des Wirkungsgrades wird das Vergasungsmittel vorgewärmt über mindestens acht gleichmäßig verteilte Luftdüsen 5 in die Mitte des Reaktors eingeblasen, die mit der außenliegenden Ringleitung 4 um den Vergaser als Düsenkranz verbunden sind.To increase the efficiency of the gasification agent is preheated over at least eight evenly distributed air nozzles 5 blown into the center of the reactor, which are connected to the outer ring line 4 to the carburetor as a nozzle ring.
Unterhalb der Einblasdüsen ist in der Mitte des Reaktorbehälters ein geräumiger Rost in Form einer 8eckigen Wanne 3 mit schrägen Seitenwänden platziert, in der kontinuierlich ein Holzkohlenglutstock als Reduktionszone bzw. als Katalysator zur Gasreduktion sich bildet.Below the injection nozzles in the middle of the reactor vessel, a spacious grid in the form of a
Durch die schlitzförmigen feuerbeständigen Öffnungen des Wannenrostes 3 tritt das in der Reduktionszone gebildete Produktgas (exothermer Prozess) im vorherrschenden Unterdruck-betrieb nach unten aus, der durch den Saugmotor bzw. Abgasventilator erzeugt wird.Through the slot-shaped fire-resistant openings of the
Das Produktgas verlässt über die feuerfeste Öffnung 14 den seitlichen Gasaustrittsstutzen 25 den Vergaser und wird vor Nutzung im Motorheizkraftwerk einer Gasreinigung bzw. Kühlung zugeführt.The product gas leaves the gas outlet via the
Bei der Durchströmung des Produktgases durch den Holzkohlenglutstock wird die bei der Verbrennung und bei der Gasproduktion anfallende Holzasche sowie auch der staubhältige und grobkörnige Holzkohlenstoff als Abrieb mitgerissen. Der grobkörnige Holzkohleabrieb mit Asche fällt in den Schrägteil des Aschenschachtes 13 unterhalb des Reaktors. Die Asche und der grobkörnige Holzkohleabrieb wird über eine mit Motor 19 betriebene Schnecke 18 in den gasdichten Aschebehälter 20 gefördert und entsorgt.When the product gas flows through the charcoal, the wood ash produced during combustion and during gas production as well as the dusty and coarse-grained charcoal are carried along as abrasion. The coarse-grained charcoal ash with ash falls into the inclined part of the
Zur Behebung von Störungen im Holzkohlenbett durch Schlacken- oder Aschenansammlungen ist der flache Unterteil des 8eckigen Wannenrostes 3 beweglich mit Motor 12 oder per Hand ausgeführt.To remedy disturbances in the charcoal bed by slag or Aschenansammlungen the flat lower part of the 8eckigen Wannenrostes 3 is designed to be movable with
Zur Abschirmung vor Eindringen von Vergasermaterial 2 sind die Seitenkanäle 6 durch Abdeckungen 16 geschützt, ebenso ist die Gasaustrittsöffnung 14 des Gasaustrittsstutzen 25 vor dem Eindringen von Asche und Kohlenstoffrus durch eine Abdeckung 15 geschützt.For shielding against penetration of carburetor 2, the
Die Gestaltung der steilen Flaschenhalsform des innen liegenden Vergaserraumes 2 durch die feuerfeste Ausmauerung 9 verhindert die ansonsten befürchtete Brückenbildung oder Hohlraumbildung durch Ausbrennen, weil der Vergaserbrennstoff direkt auf dem 8eckigen Wannenrost 3 zur Verbrennung und Vergasung aufliegt bzw. durch die Schwerkraft gezwungen ist, nachzurutschen. Außerdem wird beim Einbringen des stückigen Vergaserbrennstoffes über die Doppelschieberschleuse 10 ein zusätzlicher Falldruck ausübt, wodurch Brückbildungen bzw. Hohlraumbildungen nicht gegeben sind.The design of the steep bottle neck shape of the inner carburetor 2 through the refractory lining 9 prevents the otherwise feared bridging or cavitation by burnout, because the carburetor fuel rests directly on the
Die flaschenhalsförmige Einengung über den Wannenrost bewirkt zudem eine intensiven Stoffstromwechsel, die eine homogene Temperaturverteilung mit dem Pyrolysegas- und Vergasungsmittel-Gasgemisch und der glühenden Holzkohle als Reduktionszone eine weitere Spaltung restlicher Teere ermöglicht.The bottleneck-shaped constriction over the pan grate also causes an intensive material flow changes, the homogeneous temperature distribution the pyrolysis gas and gasification gas mixture and the glowing charcoal as a reduction zone allows further cleavage of residual tars.
Die interne Zirkulation der Gasströme zur Aufspaltung der Kohlenwasserstoffe bzw. Teere verbessert zusätzlich diesen Prozess. Dadurch ist eine optimale Temperaturverteilung im Reaktor bei gleichmäßigem vollständigem Ablauf der Reaktionen sowie eine ausreichende Verweildauer der Gase in den Reaktionszonen möglich. Dies sind die optimalen Vorraussetzungen zur Einstellung der Reaktionen nach dem Boudouardischen-, Wassergas- und Methan-Gleichgewichten zur Produktion einer guten Gasqualität und Quantität.The internal circulation of the gas streams for splitting the hydrocarbons or tars additionally improves this process. As a result, an optimal temperature distribution in the reactor with a uniform complete sequence of the reactions and a sufficient residence time of the gases in the reaction zones is possible. These are the optimal conditions for stopping the reactions after the Boudouardian, water gas and methane equilibria to produce good gas quality and quantity.
In der Folge werden einige wesentliche Aspekte der vorliegenden Erfindung überblicksmäßig zusammengefasst. Ein wesentlicher Aspekt ist, dass die Vorrichtung des Reaktorbehälters 1 aus einem zylinderförmigen Stahlblechmantel, einer flaschenhalsförmigen feuerfesten Mauerung 9 des Vergaserraum 2 mit vertikalen Seitenkanälen 6, einer Ringrohrleitung 4 um den Vergaser, ausgeführt als 8strahligen Düsenkranz mit gleichmäßig verteilte Diffusor-Injektordüsen 5 (Injektorförderer) zum Absaugen der Schwell-Pyrolysegase 7 (Fördermedium) durch das Vergasungsmittel 4 (Treibmedium) und Herstellung eines Gasgemisches 22 beider Medien und das Einblasen des Gasgemisches (Diffusor-Druckenergiewirkung) in die Oxidationszone, einer Doppelschieberschleuse 10 zum Einbringen des Vergaserbrennstoffes in den Vergaserraum 2, das in den Zonen Trocknung, Pyrolyse und Oxidation verbrannt bzw. vergast und im 8eckigen trapezförmigen Wannenrost 3 kontinuierlich durch unterstöchiometrische Verbrennung des Vergaserbrennstoffes sich ein Holzkohlenglutstock als Reduktionszone zur Gasproduktion neu bildet, ist die Grundlage zum Verfahren, in dem durch das Absaugen der aufsteigenden Schwell- und Pyrolysegase aus dem Vergaserraum 7 über die vertikalen Seitenkanäle 6 der feuerfesten Ausmauerung 9 des Reaktors und durch die Eindüsung 5 des hierbei gebildeten Gasgemisches 22 mit dem Vergasungsmittel 4 über die Diffusor-Injektordüsen (
Weiters ist wesentlich, dass mit der Vorrichtung der Injektorförderung
Ein weiteres wichtiges Merkmal ist, dass die Vorrichtung eines Düsenkranzes 4, 5 (
Besonders bevorzugt ist es, wenn die Vorrichtung eines geräumigen 8eckigen schrägen trapezförmigen Feuerungsrostes mit Schlitzöffnungen in Form einer Wanne 3 zentral in der Mitte des Vergasungsreaktors angeordnet ist, der einen beweglichen Unterteil des Feuerungsrostes per Hand oder Motor 12 zur Behebung von Störungen durch Schlacken- und Aschenansammlungen aufweist, in dem im Vergleich zur Oxidations- und Pyrolysezone eine proportional übergroße Menge eines glühenden Holzkohlestockes als Reduktionszone vorgelagert ist, die kontinuierlich durch unterstöchiometrische Verbrennung des Vergaserbrennstoffes sich erneuert und somit als Katalysator eine weitgehend vollkommene Gasreduktion der Oxidationsprodukte (CO2, H2O) zur Erzeugung eines nahezu teerfreies Produktgas (CO, H2, CH4) ermöglicht.It is particularly preferred if the device of a spacious 8eckigen oblique trapezoidal Feuerungsrostes with slot openings in the form of a
Weiters ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Vorrichtung eines Aschenschachtes 13 im Unterteil des Vergasers unterhalb des Wannenrostes 3 die Aufgabe zur Aufnahme der Asche bzw. des Kohlenstoffabriebes erfüllt, die nach dem Abbrand des Vergaserbrennstoffes im Wannerost 3 bzw. durch den Abrieb bedingt durch die Absaugung des Produktgases im Unterdruckbetrieb durch den schlitzförmig ausgebildeten Wannerost 3 auf den darunterliegenden Aschenschacht 13 fällt und über eine Aschenschnecke 18 mit Motorantrieb 19 in den gasdichten Aschenbehälter 20 kontinuierlich entsorgt wird.Furthermore, it is advantageous if the device of an
Es ist empfehlenswert, wenn mit der Vorrichtung eine weitgehend luftdichte rückbrandsichere Doppelschieberschleuse 10 mit Motorantrieb die Beschickung des Vergasungsreaktors mit Vergaserbrennstoff erfolgt, die auf der abnehmbaren Abdeckung 23, 24 des Stahlzylinders aufgesetzt ist und die untere Schieberschleuse gegen Strahlung heißer Gase mit einer feuerbeständigen, beweglichen Platte 11 abgeschirmt ist.It is recommended that the device is a largely airtight fire-proof double-
Weiters ist es von Vorteil, dass die Vorrichtung zum Vergasungsreaktor
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ist, dass die Vorrichtung der inneren Ausmauerung 9 des Reaktorraumes in der Gestalt eines Flaschenhalses ausgeführt ist, in dem vertikale Seitenkanäle für die interne Zirkulation der Gase im Unterdruckbetrieb integriert sind, über dem 8eckigen Wannenrost 3 aufsitzt und dadurch ein intensiver Stoffstromwechsel für eine homogene Temperaturverteilung bewirkt, die eine Brückenbildung und das Ausbrennen von Hohlräumen verhindert.Another aspect of the invention is that the device of the inner lining 9 of the reactor space is designed in the shape of a bottle neck, are integrated in the vertical side channels for the internal circulation of gases in the vacuum operation, rests on the
Ferner ist wichtig, dass die Vorrichtung zum Vergasungsreaktor 1 (
Letztlich zusammengefasst betrifft die Erfindung einen autothermen im Unterdruck arbeitenden Festbett-Gleichstromvergaser mit interner Gaszirkulation zur Erzeugung eines nahezu teerfreien Holzgases aus Biomasse mit den Vorrichtungen gemäß
Auf der Grundlage dieser Vorrichtungen basiert das Verfahren der internen Zirkulation der Schwell- und Pyrolysegase 7 mit dem Vergasungsmittel 4 durch den Injektorstoffförderer Absaugen, Vermischen und Einblasen des Gasgemisches in die Oxidationszone zur gemeinsamen Verbrennung mit dem Vergaserbrennstoff, wodurch eine Crackung der Teere bzw. Kohlenwasserstoffe, eine gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung, ausreichende Verweildauer für eine vollständige Gasreduktion in der Reduktionszone im großräumigen Wannenrost gegeben ist.On the basis of these devices, the process of internally circulating the swelling and
Claims (10)
- Device for gasification of solid fuels, in particular of biomass, in the form of an autothermal parallel-flow fixed-bed gasifier that works in a vacuum, having a fixed-bed reactor which has a reactor chamber (2) having an upper section (2a) as an oxidation zone and a lower section (2b) as a reduction zone, wherein diffusor injector nozzles (5) for injecting gasification agent (4) are provided, which are arranged between the upper section (2a) and the lower section (2b) in a central region of the reactor chamber (2), and wherein at least one upper outlet opening is provided in the upper section, which is connected to at least one return feed opening (22) in the central region of the reactor chamber (2), wherein the diffuser injector nozzles (5) for injecting gasification agent lead to the at least one return feed opening (22), and at least one lower outlet opening is provided in the lower section, characterised in that the at least one upper outlet opening is connected to the at least one return feed opening (22) in the central region of the reactor chamber (2) via internal vertical side channels in the fixed-bed reactor; and the upper outlet opening is exclusively connected to the at least one return feed opening (22).
- Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the diffuser injector nozzles (5) are arranged to be evenly distributed around the periphery of the reactor chamber in the form of a nozzle ring.
- Device according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the lower section of the reactor chamber is formed as a preferably octagonal trough grate (3).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the upper outlet opening is connected to the at least one return feed opening (22) via side channels (6) which are arranged within a cylindrical sheet steel casing and outside a fire-resistant brick lining (9).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that an ash chute (13) to receive solid residue is arranged below the trough grate (3), said ash chute being connected to a gas-tight ash pan (20) via an ash conveyor (18).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the supply of the reactor chamber (2) with fuel occurs via a double gate valve (10).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that a brick lining (9) of the reactor chamber (2) is formed to be bottleneck-shaped.
- Method for gasification of solid fuels, in particular of biomass, in an autothermal parallel-flow fixed-bed gasifier that works in a vacuum according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in which a gasification agent, preferably air, is injected into a central section of a reactor chamber (2) of a fixed-bed reactor and in which a first partial flow of the injected gas is guided upwards in a counter flow and removed from the fixed-bed reactor as a pyrolysis gas (7) and in which a second partial flow of the injected gas is guided downwards in a parallel flow and is removed from the fixed-bed reactor, characterised in that the first partial flow (7) is guided downwards in the fixed-bed reactor outside the reactor chamber (2) via internal vertical side channels and is introduced again into the reactor chamber (2) together with the gasification agent (4), wherein the first partial flow is returned into the fixed-bed reactor through the injector effect of the gasification agent (4) and wherein the diffuser injector nozzles cause a constant, internal circulation of the gas flows in the reactor by suctioning, mixing and injecting the media.
- Method according to claim 8, characterised in that the pyrolysis gas (7) of the first partial flow is completely returned into the fixed-bed reactor.
- Method according to any one of claims 8 or 9, characterised in that the gasification agent (4) is preheated before the injection into the fixed-bed reactor.
Priority Applications (8)
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EP09167484.6A EP2281864B1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Method and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels |
HUE09167484A HUE034286T2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Method and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels |
DK09167484.6T DK2281864T3 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Solid fuel gasification process and apparatus |
SI200931655T SI2281864T1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Method and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels |
LTEP09167484.6T LT2281864T (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Method and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels |
DE202009012833U DE202009012833U1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Device for the gasification of solid fuels |
PL09167484T PL2281864T3 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Method and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels |
HRP20170732TT HRP20170732T1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2017-05-16 | Method and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels |
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EP09167484.6A EP2281864B1 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2009-08-07 | Method and apparatus for gasifying solid fuels |
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EP2281864B1 true EP2281864B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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DE (1) | DE202009012833U1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2281864T3 (en) |
HR (1) | HRP20170732T1 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE034286T2 (en) |
LT (1) | LT2281864T (en) |
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RU2542319C2 (en) | 2010-02-16 | 2015-02-20 | Биг Дачман Интернэшнл Гмбх | Device for gasification and method of gasification |
DE202011004328U1 (en) | 2011-03-22 | 2012-06-25 | Big Dutchman International Gmbh | Manhole carburetor for operation in substoichiometric oxidation |
CN102530863B (en) * | 2011-12-17 | 2013-08-14 | 湖北宜化化工股份有限公司 | Device and method for sectionally and regionally preparing synthetic ammonia syngas in intermittent static bed |
DE102011121992B4 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2015-02-19 | Josef Wagner | Thermochemical wood gasification plant with fixed bed reactor with double ascending countercurrent gasification, gas purification, gas supply, pollutant utilization and pollutant disposal for continuous operation with gas piston engines and gas turbines |
CN103666569B (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2016-09-07 | 广州薪光合环保技术有限公司 | Biomass gasification system |
CN103666570B (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2016-07-20 | 广州薪光合环保技术有限公司 | From drying type biomass gasification system |
KR102233960B1 (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-30 | (주)이씨티 | apparatus for removing ash of gasification system for biomass |
AT526206A1 (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2023-12-15 | Gs Gruber Schmidt Gmbh | Device for a gasification system that can also be operated as a pyrolysis system |
Citations (1)
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DE636763C (en) * | 1932-10-04 | 1936-10-15 | Bohumil Fleiser | Gas generator for bituminous fuels with a downward draft |
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US4306506A (en) | 1980-06-02 | 1981-12-22 | Energy Recovery Research Group, Inc. | Gasification apparatus |
DE9411856U1 (en) | 1994-07-22 | 1994-09-22 | Viesel, Manfred, 72574 Bad Urach | Wood gas generator |
DE19718184C2 (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2003-05-28 | Inst En Und Umwelttechnik E V | Device for the energetic use of fuels, in particular biofuels |
DE10258640A1 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2004-06-24 | Björn Dipl.-Ing. Kuntze | Production of fuel gas from solid fuels involves gasification and partial gasification in fixed bed in first stage, using air to split gas into two partial streams |
GR1005536B (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-06-07 | Λαμπρος Ελευσινιωτης | Two-stage combined cocurrent-countercurrent gasifier |
EP2126008A2 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2009-12-02 | Lampros Elefsiniotis | Three-stage gasifier, fixed bed, which has buffer zone of gaseous flow between pyrolysis zone and combustion zone |
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DE636763C (en) * | 1932-10-04 | 1936-10-15 | Bohumil Fleiser | Gas generator for bituminous fuels with a downward draft |
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SI2281864T1 (en) | 2017-08-31 |
PL2281864T3 (en) | 2017-09-29 |
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HRP20170732T1 (en) | 2017-07-28 |
EP2281864A1 (en) | 2011-02-09 |
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DE202009012833U1 (en) | 2010-01-21 |
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