WO2010057458A2

WO2010057458A2 - Apparatus in the form of a moving bed carburetor and method for operating the same in an arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste materials

Info

Publication number: WO2010057458A2
Application number: PCT/DE2009/001546
Authority: WO
Inventors: Hartwig Streitenberger
Original assignee: Eurotherm Technologies Ag
Priority date: 2008-11-20
Filing date: 2009-11-02
Publication date: 2010-05-27
Also published as: DE102008058602B4; DE102008058602A1; EP2358847B1; EP2358847A2; WO2010057458A3; DE202008017561U1

Abstract

The invention relates to a moving bed carburetor and to a method for operating the same in an arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste materials. The present invention addresses the problems of providing a moving bed carburetor and a method for operating the same in an arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste materials, which avoid the disadvantages of the prior art. The problems are solved in that the carburetor comprises a carburetor space and a carburetor base, wherein the carburetor free space is surrounded by a carburetor jacket and at the one, closed end has a synthesis gas outlet and via the second, open end thereof is connected to the carburetor base by way of the carburetor jacket. In the carburetor free space, a carburetor dome is arranged such that a gap is generated between the carburetor dome and the carburetor jacket and/or carburetor body. On the inside, the carburetor base is configured as a carburetor body into which a feed apparatus and at least one supply duct lead and which comprises a bottom provided with recesses opposite of the carburetor space, wherein the bottom ends in a central shaft. Said carburetor body is equipped with agitator tools which are rotatably mounted in the carburetor body by way of an agitator shaft, wherein the agitator shaft is surrounded by a delivery device, which serves as a kind of overflow for the possibly overfilled carburetor body.

Description

In the form of a moving bed gasifier and method of operating such in an arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste materials

The invention relates to a moving bed gasifier and a method for operating such in an arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste according to the preamble of the claims.

The invention relates to the fields of mechanical and plant engineering, energy conversion and waste utilization and is applicable in an arrangement for the energetic conversion of carbonaceous waste products, in particular already partially decomposed waste products, which after a de-and / or gasification process (pyrolysis) attack.

In the processing of waste in the recycling process remain selective, usually high calorific residues of different amounts, concentration and type, paper, plastics, plastic pieces, films, wood residues, metals and other more than non-recyclable waste.

Depending on the production process, these residues contain inert solids and water, which must be removed and / or reduced in a process-specific manner by appropriate treatment.

There are already known various methods and devices which disclose the treatment and / or combustion and / or gasification of waste and residues.

From EP 0 609 802 A1, for example, a method and a device for the continuous degassing and / or gasification of a solid fuel or waste material are known.

This device consists of a shaft-like reactor in which the feed, the gaseous gasification agent and the gaseous fuel produced in descending DC are performed. The gasification agent is in a located in the jacket part helical countercurrent heat exchanger preheated by gaseous fuel. This preheated gasification agent is further heated in helical or wavy channels in the ceramic hearth of the reactor and in a movable or solid, serving as a hearth and in the lower portion of the charge cone-shaped or paraboloidal central body. The grate is formed by a full cone or a hollow cone-shaped annular body, rotatable, vertically displaceable counterpart, which opposite the lower hearth an adjustable annular passage for withdrawal of the generated gaseous fuel and for discharging the solid or liquid reaction products in the form of ash, slag, distillation residues leaves open.

A disadvantage of this technical solution is that the degassing and / or gasification of the solid fuels or waste materials is not complete.

DE 199 37 521 A1 discloses a method and a device, in particular for the processing of already partially decomposed waste products.

This device consists of a shaft-like, in the lower part funnel-shaped reactor in which the charge of the carbon particles tangentially and the air is introduced axially as a gasification agent and is converted ascending by means of thermochemical reaction to synthesis gas. The frusto-conical bottom part further has a lateral annular gap, through which the air can enter axially into the reactor space and can mix with the carbon-gas mixture. This gas mixture entrains the carbon particles from the solids bed ascending outwards and is converted into synthesis gas in the reactor space at up to 1200 ^° C. In the upper third of the container, the flow falls inwards and calms down, so that the not yet thermally decomposed carbon parts and the ash particles fall back down. There they meet a collecting funnel located in the center runs through to the bottom and is disposed of by a screw conveyor.

A disadvantage of this technical solution is that the degassing and / or gasification of solids is not complete and the stability of the thermal process by the countercurrent process and consequent deposits in the center can not be sufficiently secured.

The object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a gasifier (moving bed gasifier) and a method for operating such in an arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste, which after degassing and / or gasification of waste products and waste, the remaining residual products further and as fully as possible or converted.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of the first and the ninth patent claim. Further favorable embodiments of the invention are specified in the subordinate claims.

The essence of the invention is that it is possible by the moving bed gasifier according to the invention and by the inventive method for operating such in an arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste, waste products and waste and in particular not yet completely decomposed waste from de-gasification or gasification further and as fully as possible, so that a transfer to the environment and / or landfills can be done essentially without special measures and as harmful as possible.

The carburetor according to the invention (also referred to as moving bed carburetor) comprises a carburetor chamber and a carburetor, wherein the carburetor chamber is surrounded by a carburetor jacket and a - A -

Has synthesis gas outlet at its one, closed end and is connected via its second, open end via the carburetor jacket with the carburetor in connection.

According to the invention, a carburetor dome is arranged in the gasifier space in such a way that a gap is generated between the carburetor dome and the carburetor jacket and / or the gasifier pot. The carburetor is in its interior formed as a carburetor pot, in which an entry device and at least one feeder hineinfuhren, and one, provided with recesses bottom relative to the gasifier chamber, wherein the bottom opens into a central shaft.

The gasifier pot is advantageously equipped with stirrer tools, which are rotatably mounted in the carburetor pot via a stirrer shaft.

It is essential that the agitator shaft is surrounded by a conveyor, which serves as a kind of overflow for possibly overfilled carburetor.

The carburetor pot encloses advantageous for

Temperature maintenance with the carburetor jacket an insulation space through which the entry device, the feed, the central shaft and the agitator shaft (with surrounding conveyor) are passed. The carburetor foot casing holds these elements of the carburetor.

Conveniently, the carburetor chamber (A) and the carburetor (B) are connected to each other gas-tight, so that no gases can escape from the carburetor uncontrolled.

It is also advantageous if the carburetor dome is arranged centrally in the gasifier chamber. This allows a particularly effective reflection of the heat radiation in the carburetor. Particularly advantageously, the carburetor dome is hood-shaped (truncated-cone-shaped cross-section) designed Within the scope of the invention is also that the annular gap can be segmented.

The central shaft is in the carburetor according to the invention in a discharge shaft, which is made possible by a subsequent discharge device, a removal of ash and slag from the carburetor during its operation.

The carburettor can in its cross-section a round or oval basic shape (possibly with angular areas, by an economic

Manufacturing may be conditional), wherein it is essential to the invention that the bottom of the carburetor pot is provided with recesses

(which may be, for example, sieve-shaped holes), on the in the

Operating condition of the carburettor ash and slag can get out of the carburetor pot in the central shaft with exhaust duct.

In the method according to the invention, the previously described moving bed gasifier is operated in a per se known arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste materials, wherein the gasifier pot is filled via the entry device with waste products or waste, which are stirred by means of the stirrer tools and via the recesses be gassed with the gasifying agent of the soil, so that in the operating state at the required temperature, a gasification of the waste products or waste in the carburetor and the carburetor takes place. The gasification products pass through the gap (which is advantageously designed as an annular gap) into the gasifier chamber and are discharged from there via the synthesis gas outlet, wherein the ash and slag formed during the gasification through the recesses of the soil via the central shaft and the discharge shaft by means of the discharge device be dissipated.

Essential in the continuous operation of the moving bed gasifier is that by the invention designed conveyor

(Overflow) overfilling the carburetor with waste products or Waste is prevented by removing the excess portions of this conveyor.

During the implementation of the method, it is advantageous that the gasifier dome according to the invention of the heat recovery by heat reflection is used. In this way, the heat energy can be used particularly effectively and economically in the process of operating the gasifier according to the invention.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the schematic drawings and the embodiment, without being limited thereto. Show it:

1 is a schematic 3 D representation of an embodiment of a erfmdungsgemäßen moving bed gasifier,

2 is a schematic sectional view of a detail of the moving bed gasifier according to FIG. 1 and FIG

Fig. 3 is a schematic overview of an arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste with a possible installation form of the moving bed gasifier according to

Fig. 1 this arrangement.

The carburetor shown in Fig. 1 is divided into a carburetor (B) and an overlying carburetor chamber (A). The carburetor is flowed through in the operating state from bottom to top.

The solid, dusty and gaseous decomposition products, for example, originating from a pyrolysis process, are introduced laterally into the carburetor pot (12) by means of an entry device (1) in the operating state of the carburetor. The entry device (1), preferably designed as a screw, runs in a guide tube (2).

The guide tube (2) of the entry device (1) is connected by means of a connecting piece (3) with the Vergaserfußmantel (10) and ends at the gasifier pot (12). The carburetor pot (12) is part of the carburetor base (B) and is surrounded by the carburetor base shell (10).

Between the carburetor pot (12) and the carburetor skirt (10) is the insulation space (11), which is provided with suitable insulation materials.

In the gasifier pot (12) is located in the operating state of the carburetor, a moving bed of carbonaceous particles, the maximum reaches to the lower edge of the agitator shaft (14). This moving bed is mixed by means of stirrers (13), which are preferably carried out with a T-shaped end.

The stirring tools (13) sit on a stirrer shaft (14). The gasifier pot (12) has a bottom (4) which is provided with gas-permeable recesses (thus perforated), wherein the recesses are preferably circular holes. Through this bottom (4) passes in the operating state of the carburetor, a gasification agent in the carburetor pot (12) and thus in the moving bed. The gasification agent passes through a central shaft (6) to the perforated bottom (4), wherein the supply of the gasification agent in this central shaft (6) through the feed (5). At the level of the agitator shaft (14) is located on both sides of the Rührerwellendurchführung each a conveyor (15), which is preferably designed as a screw conveyor.

In the moving bed of the carburetor in the operating state, a conversion of the carbonaceous particles by addition of the gasification agent to

Synthesis gas (CO, CH ₄ , H ₂ , CO ₂ , H ₂ O, and other ingredients). The heat released releases the temperature in the

Moving bed. Within the moving bed, a temperature profile forms from bottom to top. Directly above the bottom (4), a temperature profile of about 300 ⁰ C to about 600 ⁰ C, in the middle of

Moving bed about 500 ⁰ C to about 900 ⁰ C, at the surface, directly below the agitator shaft (14) about 850 ⁰ C to about 1000 ⁰ C.

In this moving bed not only the carbonaceous particles are reacted, but also the raw gas heated and converted to a large extent in synthesis gas. In addition to vertical thermal

Stratification of the moving bed arises in the operating state vertical distribution in terms of particle size and density. This vertical distribution takes place by the mixing of the moving bed by means of the stirring tools (13). Furthermore, this is also done by the partial fluidization due to the flow through the moving bed by the gaseous components (gasification agent and resulting synthesis gas). As a result, the number of small and light particles is made to increase upward, while the number of large and heavy particles increases downward. Inert moving bed components, such as ash and slag, will agglomerate under the given conditions. From a defined density and size of the slag agglomerates, these sink to the bottom (4) of the gasifier pot (12) and are finally discharged through the perforated bottom (4) with the aid of the stirring tools (13). Below the bottom, a central shaft (6) is arranged below which a discharge shaft (7) is located. This is followed by a lower discharge device (8), which is preferably designed as a screw conveyor.

The discharge chute (7) and the discharge device (8) are designed as a siphon, in which a defined amount of water is available and thus closes the system to the outside.

The slag agglomerates passing through the bottom (4) in the operating state of the carburettor fall through the central shaft (6) and the discharge shaft (7) into the water-filled siphon. From there they are discharged by means of the discharge device (8).

Due to their lower density and size, the carbonaceous particles do not pass through the bottom (4) into the central shaft (6), but remain in the moving bed where they are thermochemically converted to synthesis gas.

The area between the moving bed surface and the inside of a carburetor dome (17), which is preferably designed as a downwardly open hollow truncated cone, defines a central radiation zone. The Vergaserdom (17), which can be executed closed and / or perforated, serves to keep the temperature in the central radiation zone constant by reflection. This raises the Temperatures in the central radiation zone of about 750 ⁰ C to about 1000 ⁰ C a. The raw gas and entrained particles are largely converted to synthesis gas.

According to the invention, in the operating state of the carburettor, the gas flows through an annular gap (18), which is segmented and / or open, into the carburetor clearance (16). The annular gap (18) is thereby limited by the carburetor dome (17) and the carburetor jacket (19) and / or the carburetor pot (12). In the gasifier free space (16), the previously unreacted carbonaceous particles and the unreacted crude gas react almost completely to synthesis gas.

Thereafter, the synthesis gas leaves the carburetor space (16) at the top, via the synthesis gas discharge (20). The moving bed gasifier described above can, as shown in Fig. 3, be installed in place of a previously known carburettor in an existing or newly constructed arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and waste. As a result of this installation, the residual products remaining after degassing and / or gasification of the waste products and waste products are further and almost completely reacted or utilized compared with the prior art.

All features described in the description, exemplary embodiments and the following claims may be essential to the invention both individually and in any desired combination.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 entry device

2 guide tube

3 nozzles

4 floor

5 feed

6 central shaft

7 discharge shaft

8 discharge device

9 edition

10 - Carburetor foot jacket

11 - isolation room

12 - carburetor pot

13 - Stirrer tools

14 - stirrer shaft

15 - conveyor

16 - carburetor clearance

17 - carburetor dome

18 - annular gap

19 - carburetor coat

20 - synthesis gas discharge

A carburetor room

B carburetor foot

Claims

claims

A gasifier comprising a carburetor space (A) having a carburetor clearance (16) and a carburetor base (B), said carburetor clearance (16) being surrounded by a carburetor shell (19) and having a synthesis gas exit (20) at its closed end and is connected to the carburetor base (B) via its second, open end via the carburettor jacket (19), characterized in that the carburetor base (B) is formed in its interior as a carburetor pot (12) into which an entry device (1) and at least one supply (5) into it, and the one, with recesses provided bottom (4) opposite the gasifier chamber (A), wherein the bottom opens into a central shaft (6), stirrer tools (13) via a stirrer shaft (14) in

The gasifier pot (12) are rotatably mounted, wherein the agitator shaft (14) by a conveyor (15) is surrounded, the gasifier pot (12) with the carburetor shell (10) encloses an insulation space (11) through which the entry device (1) Feeder (5), central shaft (6) and the

Stirrer shaft (14) with conveyor (15) are guided, wherein the Vergaserfußmantel this holds, and in Vergaserraum (A) a Vergaserdom (17) is arranged in such a way that between the Vergaserdom (17) and the carburetor shell (19) and / or the carburetor pot (12), a gap (18) is generated.

2. Moving bed carburetor according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasifier chamber (A) with the carburetor (B) is connected in a gastight manner.

3. Moving bed carburetor according to claim 1, characterized in that the carburetor dome (17) is arranged centrally in the carburetor space (16).

4. Moving bed carburetor according to claim 1, characterized in that the carburetor dome (17) is hood-shaped.

5. Moving bed gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap (18) is an annular gap and / or is segmented.

6. Moving bed gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the central shaft (6) merges into a discharge shaft (7).

7. Moving bed gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the gasifier pot (12) is designed round or oval in its cross section.

8. Moving bed gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses in the bottom are arranged in a sieve holes.

9. A method for operating a moving bed gasifier according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 8 in an arrangement for thermal decomposition of waste products and waste materials in which the gasifier pot (12) via the entry device (1) filled with waste products or waste which is stirred by means of the stirrer tools (13) and gassed via the recesses of the bottom (4) with gasification agent, wherein a gasification of the waste products or waste materials in the carburetor B and the carburetor chamber (A) takes place, the gasification products through the annular gap (18 ) and are discharged via the synthesis gas outlet (20), wherein the at the

Gasification formed ash and slag through the recesses of the bottom (4) via the central shaft (6) and the discharge chute (7) are discharged by means of the discharge device.

1 O.A method for operating a moving bed gasifier according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 8 in one

Arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and

Waste materials in which the conveyor (15) serves as an overflow for waste products or waste.

11. A method for operating a moving bed gasifier according to one or more of the preceding claims 1 to 3 in one

Arrangement for the thermal decomposition of waste products and

Waste materials in which the carburetor dome (17) of the heat recovery i serves by reflection.