EP2274753A1 - Transformateur de puissance pour signaux radiofrequences - Google Patents
Transformateur de puissance pour signaux radiofrequencesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2274753A1 EP2274753A1 EP09735922A EP09735922A EP2274753A1 EP 2274753 A1 EP2274753 A1 EP 2274753A1 EP 09735922 A EP09735922 A EP 09735922A EP 09735922 A EP09735922 A EP 09735922A EP 2274753 A1 EP2274753 A1 EP 2274753A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- winding
- block
- transformer
- printed
- windings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/2804—Printed windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F19/00—Fixed transformers or mutual inductances of the signal type
- H01F19/04—Transformers or mutual inductances suitable for handling frequencies considerably beyond the audio range
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F17/00—Fixed inductances of the signal type
- H01F17/0006—Printed inductances
- H01F17/0013—Printed inductances with stacked layers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/2804—Printed windings
- H01F2027/2819—Planar transformers with printed windings, e.g. surrounded by two cores and to be mounted on printed circuit
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power transformer for radiofrequency signals.
- the invention applies in particular to the realization of RF radio transmitting terminals.
- Power transformers are generally made by wire windings on cores of ferromagnetic materials. This artisanal achievement has an impact on the cost of manufacturing the transformer. Also, other types of transformer, made with printed coils, have been proposed to facilitate their manufacture.
- planar transformer has been proposed by Motorola Inc in the US patent published under the reference US5015972.
- the planar transformer has two printed turns separated by a dielectric layer. Capacitors may also be provided to interconnect two printed turns to improve the performance of the transformer in the operating frequency band.
- the structure of this transformer uses a thermal conductive substrate to dissipate the heat generated during its operation, making the realization complex and expensive.
- the design of the proposed windings generates a non-optimal coupling between said windings, which leads to losses of magnetic energy.
- An object of the invention is to provide a high-frequency power transformer that is efficient - that is to say, with low losses and by controlling the impedances in the frequency band considered - and whose integration into an electronic circuit is simple, this to provide an impedance transformation function at a lower cost.
- the subject of the invention is a high-frequency power transformer comprising a primary winding and a secondary winding, characterized in that it is produced in a low-cost multilayer printed circuit board, for example of the FR4 type (FIG.
- a first conductive layer a first dielectric substrate layer, a second conductive layer, a second layer; of a dielectric substrate, and a third conductive layer
- the primary winding being formed by turns printed in the second conductive layer
- the secondary winding being formed by a first half-winding printed in the first conductive layer, the first half-winding.
- the turns of the secondary winding being placed opposite the turns of the primary, the widths of the turns of the windings being chosen as a function of the thicknesses of the dielectric substrate layers, the instantaneous frequency band and the power of the high frequency signal passing through the transformer in order to minimize the losses and to favor the impedance matching in the RF band considered, said card being clamped above and below by two plates of ferromagnetic material.
- the primary winding is clamped by the secondary winding, the choice of the width of the lines and the thickness of the substrate layers to optimize the capacitive coupling between the windings.
- an orifice is formed in the center of the printed circuit board, the ferromagnetic block comprising two parts assembled to form a binocular block, each part of said block occupying one side of the printed circuit board, the first part of said block being formed of an extruded E, the central leg of the E being inserted into the hole formed in the center of the printed circuit, thereby forming a magnetic core in the center of the windings, the second portion of said block being formed of a substantially planar plate.
- the presence of a magnetic core makes it possible in particular to obtain a better concentration of the magnetic field.
- At least one capacitor is connected between at least one turn of one of the windings, preferably the primary winding, and an electrical ground in order to improve the behavior of the transformer with respect to the impedances that it is present in the RF band under consideration.
- This (these) capacitance (s) makes it possible to better control the impedances presented by said winding in the RF band with respect to the surrounding components, for example power transistors connected to the input of the transformer, particularly in the high frequencies of the frequency band of operation.
- the capacitance value is chosen according to the amplifier setup using this RF transformer.
- the ferromagnetic block parts are made of ferrite and have standard dimensions, thus enabling a low-cost transformer to be produced.
- the transformer is able to operate for high frequency signals comprised in an instantaneous frequency band between 1 MHz and a few tens of MHz, preferably from 1 to 50 MHz.
- the transformer according to the invention is able to operate at high power, of the order of 1 Watt to a few tens of Watts.
- the widths of the turns of the windings are chosen according to the operating frequency band of the transformer.
- the invention also relates to a radio transmitter power card comprising a transformer as described above.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b an example of a block of ferromagnetic material included in the transformer according to the invention
- - Figure 4 a perspective view of a transformer according to the invention
- FIG. 6, an illustration of a second embodiment comprising compensation capacitors
- FIG. 7 an illustration, through a graph, of the effect produced by the addition of compensation capacitors on the impedance matching.
- Figure 1 shows a winding structure used in the power transformer according to the invention.
- the power transformer 100 comprises a winding 101 for the primary circuit framed by two half-windings 103, 103 'belonging to the secondary circuit.
- Each winding 101, 103, 103 ' is a printed track in a multilayer printed circuit layer 201, two neighboring layers comprising a winding being separated by at least one thickness E1, E2 of dielectric substrate.
- the substrate separating the conductive layers is not shown.
- the turns of the primary winding 101 are placed substantially parallel to and opposite the turns of the half-windings 103, 103' of the secondary winding. to obtain an efficient coupling between the primary circuit and the secondary circuit of the power transformer 100.
- the layer C2 in which the winding 101 of the primary circuit is printed is framed by two layers C1, C3 on which are printed the secondary half-windings 103, 103 ', magnetic leakage is minimized.
- Figure 2 shows a perspective view of a printed circuit used in a transformer according to the invention.
- the transformer according to the invention comprises a multilayer printed circuit 201 comprising the windings 101, 103, 103 'as shown in FIG.
- the printed circuit 201 comprises a central orifice 202 around which the windings 101, 103, 103 'are printed.
- FIG. 2 only the first half-winding 103 of the secondary circuit is visible, the winding 101 of the primary circuit and the second half-winding 103 'of the secondary circuit being printed in inner layers of the printed circuit 201.
- FIG. 3a shows an example of a block of ferromagnetic material 203 forming part of the transformer according to the invention, the block being in two parts 203a, 203b shown separately in the figure.
- the ferromagnetic block 203 has a first portion 203a E-shaped extruded and a second portion 203b parallelepiped whose width 11 and length 12 are substantially equal to those of the first portion 203a.
- the first part 203a of the block 203 is a plate whose flank F1 is provided with three protuberances 204, 204 ', 204 "substantially parallelepipedal and of the same dimensions in addition to the thickness of the plate.
- the second portion 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 is a plate having, in the example, substantially the same dimensions 11, 12 as the plate of the first portion 203a.
- the second portion 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 is devoid of growths.
- the block of ferromagnetic material 203 takes the form of a block binocular, that is to say, in the example, a substantially parallelepiped block in which two orifices 207, 207 'are distinct.
- the binocular form of the ferromagnetic block 203 makes it possible to concentrate the magnetic field lines in order to extend the band
- this block form 203 also makes it possible to improve the electromagnetic shielding of the transformer 100. This shielding can also be improved by increasing the efficiency of the transformer 100 to the lowest frequencies (on the order of 1 MHz). insertion of vias around the perimeter of the printed circuit 201 and / or ground pads disposed on either side of the windings 101, 103, 103 '.
- the two parts 203a, 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 consist of ferrite, whose permeability ⁇ is quite high (of the order of 700-1000) to ensure proper operation for frequencies bass.
- the two parts 203a, 203b of the ferromagnetic block 203 are held together simply by means of a metal rod 205 enclosing the two parts 203a, 203b.
- a bonding is performed to hold the two parts 203a, 203b together.
- Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a transformer according to the invention comprising the printed circuit of Figure 2a wherein the first portion 203a of the ferromagnetic block 203 is embedded.
- Figure 5 shows a view of this transformer in cross section.
- the second protrusion 204 'of the plate is inserted into the central orifice 202 of the printed circuit 201 and the first 204 and third 204 "protuberances frame the windings of the printed circuit 201 on its sides, so that when the second portion 203b of the block 203 is contiguous with the first part 203a, the ferromagnetic block 203 composed of the two contiguous parts envelops the printed circuit 201 and forms a magnetic core in the center of said circuit 201.
- a thermal interface is plated on the ferromagnetic block 203 to dissipate the calories from the magnetic losses inside said block
- the RF transformer according to the invention exploits the capacitive coupling between the primary 101 and secondary windings 103, 103 '( Figure 1). Indeed, at operating frequencies, that is to say radiofrequency, a capacitive coupling occurs between the turns of the windings placed opposite 101, 103 and 101, 103 ', this capacitive coupling to improve the behavior of the transformer (impedances of the windings) in particular vis-à-vis the power transistors possibly connected to the input of the transformer according to the invention, particularly at the highest frequencies.
- the widths of the turns (ie printed tracks) are chosen in particular as a function of the thicknesses E1, E2 (FIG.
- the power of Current flowing through the transformer is also a variable taken into account in choosing the width of the turns.
- Figure 6 shows an illustration of a second embodiment including compensation capabilities.
- the first connection of a capacitance 601a, 601b, 601c is connected to each turn of the winding 101 of the primary circuit.
- the second connection of each of these capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c is connected to an electrical ground 602.
- the addition of these capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c makes it possible to improve the adaptation of the transformer to its environment , for example the adaptation to power transistors connected to the transformer, particularly in the high frequencies, in the example in a frequency band of 15 MHz to 50 MHz.
- capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c connected in parallel between the winding considered and the ground compensate in an original way the imperfections of the transformer by creating a transmission line with the inductive component of the considered winding. They may possibly be replaced by different capacitive elements, or even more complex components (for example LC networks) in order to modify more favorably the behavior of the transformer in the band, in particular at the highest frequencies.
- additional capacitive elements can be connected in parallel with the primary winding or, as proposed by US5015972 mentioned above in preamble, between the turns of the same winding.
- FIG. 7 illustrates, through a graph, the effect produced by the addition of capacitors 601a, 601b, 601c of compensation connected between the turns of the primary winding 101 and the electrical earth 602 (FIG. 6).
- a first curve 701 shows the evolution of the reflection coefficient S1 1 of a transformer without compensation capacity as a function of the frequency of the signal entering the transformer.
- a second curve 702 shows the evolution of the reflection coefficient S1 1 of a transformer comprising compensation capacity as a function of the frequency of the signal entering the transformer.
- the adaptation of the transformer is improved, especially at high frequencies.
- An advantage of the transformer according to the invention is its low manufacturing cost, in particular because the multilayer printed circuit used can be a standard circuit at low cost.
- the structure of the transformer according to the invention simplifies the connection of components to the primary circuit and the secondary circuit. Indeed, the transformer being formed from a multilayer printed circuit, no transfer manipulation (ie a manual soldering) is required to integrate the transformer in an existing circuit.
- the RF power transformer according to the invention limits the losses of magnetic coupling with respect to the structure proposed in US5015972 cited in the preamble, in particular because of its winding structure in which the primary circuit is surrounded by above and below by the secondary circuit.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Coils Or Transformers For Communication (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0802247A FR2930368B1 (fr) | 2008-04-22 | 2008-04-22 | Transformateur de puissance pour signaux radiofrequences. |
PCT/EP2009/054378 WO2009130139A1 (fr) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-04-14 | Transformateur de puissance pour signaux radiofréquences |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2274753A1 true EP2274753A1 (fr) | 2011-01-19 |
EP2274753B1 EP2274753B1 (fr) | 2017-06-07 |
Family
ID=39944447
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09735922.8A Active EP2274753B1 (fr) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-04-14 | Transformateur de puissance pour signaux radiofrequences |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110109417A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2274753B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2930368B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009130139A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2764073C1 (ru) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-01-13 | Мкс Инструментс, Инк. | Резонансная линия передачи для доставки точного rf-напряжения |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NZ578449A (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2010-10-29 | Primozone Production Ab | Power supply apparatus for a capacitive load including a third coil to determine zero crossings and a device to control the ac power delivered to the load |
CN103377811B (zh) * | 2012-04-24 | 2016-08-10 | 乾坤科技股份有限公司 | 电磁器件及其线圈结构 |
US9009951B2 (en) | 2012-04-24 | 2015-04-21 | Cyntec Co., Ltd. | Method of fabricating an electromagnetic component |
US10134518B2 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2018-11-20 | Qorvo Us, Inc. | Radio frequency transmission line transformer |
US11227825B2 (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2022-01-18 | Intel Corporation | High performance integrated RF passives using dual lithography process |
US10014250B2 (en) * | 2016-02-09 | 2018-07-03 | Advanced Semiconductor Engineering, Inc. | Semiconductor devices |
FR3079981B1 (fr) * | 2018-04-06 | 2020-05-01 | Eca Robotics | Machine electrique comportant un dispositif de dissipation thermique |
WO2023232437A1 (fr) * | 2022-05-30 | 2023-12-07 | Valeo Eautomotive France Sas | Ensemble et transformateur électrique planaire |
CN117995531B (zh) * | 2024-04-03 | 2024-07-23 | 锐石创芯(深圳)科技股份有限公司 | 射频功率放大器、射频前端模组 |
Family Cites Families (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3210704A (en) * | 1962-12-27 | 1965-10-05 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Electrical inductive apparatus having interleaved windings |
US5015972A (en) * | 1989-08-17 | 1991-05-14 | Motorola, Inc. | Broadband RF transformer |
US5173671A (en) * | 1990-12-18 | 1992-12-22 | Raytheon Company | Monolithic lumped element networks |
US5801602A (en) * | 1996-04-30 | 1998-09-01 | 3Com Corporation | Isolation and signal filter transformer |
US5781093A (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1998-07-14 | International Power Devices, Inc. | Planar transformer |
US6091206A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 2000-07-18 | Susan Siao | Electronic ballast system for fluorescent lamps |
US6429763B1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2002-08-06 | Compaq Information Technologies Group, L.P. | Apparatus and method for PCB winding planar magnetic devices |
JP2002136138A (ja) * | 2000-10-27 | 2002-05-10 | Sony Corp | スイッチング電源回路 |
DE20022015U1 (de) * | 2000-12-29 | 2001-03-01 | Vogt Electronic Ag, 94130 Obernzell | Planarkerntransformator |
JP4165034B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-14 | 2008-10-15 | サンケン電気株式会社 | トランス |
US6501361B1 (en) * | 2001-06-14 | 2002-12-31 | Eaton Corporation | Rotary transformer with synchronized operation |
DE10148133A1 (de) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-04-24 | Ascom Energy Systems Ag Bern | Flachtransformator mit gesteckten Sekundärwicklungen |
JPWO2005096007A1 (ja) * | 2004-03-31 | 2008-02-21 | 日本電気株式会社 | 磁界センサ |
TWI278876B (en) * | 2006-01-03 | 2007-04-11 | Delta Electronics Inc | Transformer structure |
US7479863B2 (en) * | 2006-03-31 | 2009-01-20 | Astec International Limited | Jointless windings for transformers |
TWI354302B (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2011-12-11 | Delta Electronics Inc | Transformer |
US7750787B2 (en) * | 2006-06-22 | 2010-07-06 | Broadcom Corporation | Impedance transformer and applications thereof |
TW200847201A (en) * | 2007-05-29 | 2008-12-01 | Delta Electronics Inc | Conductive winding structure and transformer using same |
JP5685815B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-16 | 2015-03-18 | Tdk株式会社 | トランスおよびスイッチング電源装置 |
EP2242067B1 (fr) * | 2009-04-16 | 2013-01-23 | SEPS Technologies AB | Transformateur |
-
2008
- 2008-04-22 FR FR0802247A patent/FR2930368B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-04-14 US US12/988,957 patent/US20110109417A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-04-14 EP EP09735922.8A patent/EP2274753B1/fr active Active
- 2009-04-14 WO PCT/EP2009/054378 patent/WO2009130139A1/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009130139A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
RU2764073C1 (ru) * | 2018-11-15 | 2022-01-13 | Мкс Инструментс, Инк. | Резонансная линия передачи для доставки точного rf-напряжения |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2930368B1 (fr) | 2011-10-07 |
FR2930368A1 (fr) | 2009-10-23 |
EP2274753B1 (fr) | 2017-06-07 |
US20110109417A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
WO2009130139A1 (fr) | 2009-10-29 |
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