EP2273191A1 - Heizkessel für festen, flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoff - Google Patents

Heizkessel für festen, flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2273191A1
EP2273191A1 EP09165226A EP09165226A EP2273191A1 EP 2273191 A1 EP2273191 A1 EP 2273191A1 EP 09165226 A EP09165226 A EP 09165226A EP 09165226 A EP09165226 A EP 09165226A EP 2273191 A1 EP2273191 A1 EP 2273191A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
hearth
tubes
horizontal
boiler according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09165226A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pascal Seingier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sas de Grand Maison
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Sas de Grand Maison
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Publication date
Application filed by Sas de Grand Maison filed Critical Sas de Grand Maison
Priority to EP09165226A priority Critical patent/EP2273191A1/de
Publication of EP2273191A1 publication Critical patent/EP2273191A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C1/00—Combustion apparatus specially adapted for combustion of two or more kinds of fuel simultaneously or alternately, at least one kind of fuel being either a fluid fuel or a solid fuel suspended in a carrier gas or air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a boiler for the combustion of a fuel, for the purpose of creating calories, and for heating a fluid, such as water, for the heating of a dwelling, shed, factory, workshop, or any construction requiring to be heated.
  • the boiler of the invention is intended to allow the combustion of various fuels: in liquid form, such as oils for example vegetable oils; in solid form such as cakes, wood, branches, etc .; in the form of powders such as cereal seeds or the like.
  • cereals are significantly cheaper and have an energy efficiency of several orders of magnitude higher.
  • the known boilers have a design such that their construction and assembly are relatively difficult, and that the recovery of calories from the home to transfer it to the heat transfer fluid for heating is not optimal.
  • the safety of the boiler is not always completely reliable, in particular to ensure proper evacuation of smoke, and to prevent backfires in the fuel supply means, that they are in the form of grains, solid or liquid.
  • boilers only allow the combustion of a type of fuel, either a liquid (vegetable oil), a powdery material (cereals or grains), or solid elements (shredded woods, cakes).
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and proposes a boiler capable of ensuring the combustion, under optimum safety and energy ratio conditions, of several different types of fuel, either liquid, solid or powdery, which is easy to clean. assemble and maintain during operation, and to easily evacuate the combustion residues.
  • the boiler of the type comprising a hearth, means for supplying fuel to said hearth, a heat exchanger between the heated air coming from the hearth, and a coolant (such as water ), is characterized in that it comprises pressurized air supply means under the focus or at the base thereof.
  • said pressurized air supply means comprises a compression chamber, connected upstream to a source of air under pressure, and downstream so as to direct the air towards the hearth, so as not only to allow the combustion, but also to cool the lower part of the hearth.
  • the pressure and / or velocity and / or flow rate of the pressurized air from the compression chamber are adjusted or adjusted to ensure optimum circulation of the air heated by the furnace in the heat exchanger , and prevent a flashback at the fuel supply means.
  • the pulverulent fuel supply pipe comprises a Venturi and is connected to a source of air, and preferably from said compression chamber.
  • the solid fuel supply duct of individual elements is advantageously firstly provided with an Archimedean screw, and secondly connected to a source of air, and preferably from the small compression chamber. .
  • the horizontal hollow cylinder is recessed in its lower part.
  • a scraper or semi-cylindrical crucible of dimension complementary to the horizontal cylinder, disposed opposite the lower recessed portion of the latter, and provided with openwork.
  • the semi-cylindrical crucible of the same material as that constituting the focus for example, refractory material or steel.
  • the semi-cylindrical crucible is movable in translation, along the axis of the horizontal cylindrical focus.
  • the heat exchanger comprises an enclosure filled with heat transfer fluid, such as water, of preferably parallelepipedic or cubic shape, inside which is arranged a sealed air circulation circuit heated by the furnace, and connected to an inlet of cold water, and an outlet of hot water heated by the calories coming from the air heated by the hearth.
  • heat transfer fluid such as water, of preferably parallelepipedic or cubic shape
  • the hot air circulation circuit comprises a series of vertical tubes interconnected so as to create a circulation of hot air from the furnace, to a flue gas exhaust outlet of the cooled air following the transfer of heat from the heated air towards the coolant.
  • the chamber filled with water has side walls, an upper plate and a lower plate connected to each other either by spacers, or by the tubes themselves acting as spacers.
  • the heat exchanger further comprises two lower and upper closed chambers, on either side respectively of the lower and upper plates, and connected to said series of tubes.
  • Two smoke exhaust ducts are provided, and only one referenced 8, is shown on the side view of the figure 1 . These are generally L-shaped, one end of which is connected to said lower chamber 7.
  • the hearth 1 is disposed inside the lower chamber 7 of the heat exchanger 3.
  • the chamber filled with water 6 is delimited by six rectangular or square panels, including four vertical walls (the two walls 9 and 10 are visible on the figure 2 considering the perspective), a lower plate 11 an upper plate 12.
  • the heat exchanger 3 also comprises an upper chamber 13 where air circulates, of parallelepipedal shape, and a dimension in the vertical direction is significantly lower to other dimensions in the horizontal plane.
  • a burner 20 of a type known per se, and fed for example with liquid or gaseous fuel, such as, for example: recycle oil or HVP, fuel oil or gas .
  • liquid or gaseous fuel such as, for example: recycle oil or HVP, fuel oil or gas .
  • the burner 20 is not represented on the figure 1 for the sake of clarity.
  • the burner is capable of generating a flame substantially horizontal, or slightly inclined downwards, and directed inwards and more particularly the internal base of the horizontal hollow cylinder 18 of the hearth.
  • This duct 21 is intended to supply the fire pit with fuel of the powder type, such as seeds or the like.
  • a vertical tube 22 On the duct 21, in the upper part thereof, outside the boiler, is connected a vertical tube 22 with a diameter of between about 30 mm and 100 mm.
  • This tube 21 is supplied with air by the effect of a Venturi 21A, which creates a vacuum during the suction of the powdery fuel from the tube 22.
  • the figure 3 shows the boiler for rear perspective, and where we find the chamber filled with water 6, the respective chambers of air circulation, upper 13 and lower 7, the horizontal cylindrical portion 18 of the hearth 1, the pillars 4 , 5, 5a and 4a on which the boiler rests, and the two ducts 8 and 8a for evacuation of L-shaped fumes, arranged on each side with respect to the hearth 1.
  • FIG 4 showing a left-side perspective view of the boiler of the invention where similar elements, which have been described in connection with Figures 1 to 3 , are not described further, and carry identical references.
  • FIG 4 is shown in exploded view the lower part of the boiler, showing the hearth 1 and a crucible 23 semi cylindrical shape and dimensions complementary to the horizontal cylindrical portion 18 of the hearth 1.
  • the scraper 23 is tangent and very close to the face external of the cylinder 18 of the hearth 1.
  • the scraper 23 on the one hand is provided with perforations in the form for example of transverse slots substantially in a semicircle, and firstly is mounted on a support base 24 sliding in a horizontal plane, d ' forward and backward, along the longitudinal axis of the horizontal cylinder 18 forming the hearth 1.
  • the support base On the figure 4 , the support base is shown in its position before operation ( figure 4 ) where it is located on the front or front side of the boiler, that is to say on the burner side 20 ( figure 2 ).
  • the scraper 23 closes in this position an opening (which is not visible) provided in the horizontal cylinder 18 of the fireplace; the dimensions of the opening 25 are such that it is completely closed by the scraper 23.
  • the figure 5 shows a partial view of the boiler, and precisely the lower part is inside the lower chambers 7 (the enclosure 3 being omitted), left side perspective and from above.
  • the semi-cylindrical scraper 23 is shown in its second position, called the ash removal from the furnace, where it is translated backwards (flue gas outlet ducts 8 and 8a), with respect to its working position ( figure 4 ), a distance substantially equivalent to its length (or a little lower).
  • the scraper 23 releases an opening 25 (in a portion of a cylinder) provided in the lower part of the horizontal cylinder 18 of the hearth 1.
  • a horizontal plate 26 provided with a window 27, located opposite the opening 25 of the fireplace 1, and of corresponding dimensions and shape.
  • the hearth 1 the crucible 23 are preferably made of the same material: for example, of refractory material.
  • the device of the invention allows the evacuation of ash and clinker present at the bottom of the home, simply and reliably.
  • the burning materials which become ash and slag, rest on the perforated crucible 23, at least in large part, taking into account the opening 25 provided at the bottom of the cylinder 18 of the hearth 1 .
  • the figure 6 shows a detail view of the boiler, the hearth 1 not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • the scraper 23 part of the enclosure 3, part of the air circulation tubes, and one of the flue gas discharge ducts, whose upstream opening 28 opens into the lower part of the chamber lower enclosure 7C 'of air circulation.
  • the figure 7 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view, in a vertical plane, of the boiler.
  • the lower air circulation chamber 7 is divided into two right and left chambers, respectively 7A and 7B, located on either side of the vertical cylinder 19 of the hearth, and the base 14a of the air duct 14.
  • the upstream mouths 28 and 28A of the flue gas discharge ducts 8 and 8A open into each respective chamber 7A and 7B.
  • an Archimedean screw 30 Inside the supply duct 29 is an Archimedean screw 30, while the duct is connected, not shown, to a fuel source in the form of distinct solid elements, such as pieces of wood. , cakes, etc.
  • FIG 7 which is a sectional view in a vertical plane, only six tubes 31 to 36 of air flow are shown, parallel and vertical.
  • the tubes 31, 32 and 33 are shown behind the main central duct 14, whereas the tubes 34, 35 to 36 are shown in front of the duct 14,
  • the fuel 37 is shown during combustion.
  • the heat generated by the combustion in the hearth 1 heats the air in the central main duct 14, which rises up to reach the latter in an auxiliary chamber 38 defined by a U-shaped partition 39, seen in section, and delimiting a closed space with the upper plate 12, even within the upper air circulation chamber 13.
  • the upper end of the tubes 33 and 34 closest to the duct 14 open into the auxiliary chamber 38. L
  • the air is thus led to follow a downward route in these same tubes, until it emerges, after passing through the lower plate 11, in the two "smoke boxes" 7B and 7C of relatively large volume, so as to slow down the speed air / smoke, to allow the deposition, by gravity of the heavier elements (dust) at the bottom of said smoke boxes.
  • the emptying of the soot and dust of said smoke boxes is done by partially opening the bottom of the boxes at the same time as the evacuation of ash and clinker home.
  • the air continues its movement and opens into the tubes 32 and 35 closest, to arrive, in their upward movement, in the upper chamber 13 of circulation, where the air enters the tubes 31 and 36 the furthest the central duct 14, to continue a downward movement and lead into the lower chambers 7B 'and 7C' to allow still the deposition by gravity of the heavier elements (dust).
  • the emptying is done just as for 7B and 7C.
  • the air is evacuated from the latter through the ducts fumes discharge 8 and 8A through the respective openings 28 and 28A thereof.
  • the air communicates its calories, heat or energy, borrowed from the hearth, the walls of the tubes, which at their turn communicate this heat to the water present in the chamber 6 through which the tubes and the conduit 14 central.
  • figure 9 showing a schematic sectional view, in a vertical plane, of the boiler and in particular air circulation means and pressurized air supply of the furnace.
  • an air source in the form of a fan referenced 43, supplying a lower chamber 7A where the air is under pressure. Any other source of pressurized air may be used.
  • the pressurized air in the compression chamber 7A feeds as indicated on the figure 9 , the different fuel supply ducts, namely solid fuels (cakes), and pulverulent fuels (seeds and cereals) and liquid fossil fuels (fuel for example).
  • the different fuel supply ducts namely solid fuels (cakes), and pulverulent fuels (seeds and cereals) and liquid fossil fuels (fuel for example).
  • References on the figure 9 for identical or similar elements are the same as those of the Figures 1 to 8 .
  • the figure 8 shows a sectional view in a vertical plane of the boiler.
  • the first, second and third series of tubes respectively comprise between four and ten tubes distributed, for each series, uniformly around the tube 14 in a concentric manner, the first series 40 being the closest to the duct 14.
  • the arrows show the movement of air at the upper ends respectively of the conduit 14 and each tube.
  • the arrows show the movement of the air in the auxiliary chamber 38, coming out of the central main duct 14, and in a downward movement in the first series of tubes 40. The air then arrives in the lower chamber 7, emerging from the first series of tubes 40, to follow an upward movement in the second series of tubes 41.
  • the air from the second series of tubes enters a downward movement into the third series of tubes 42.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP09165226A 2009-07-10 2009-07-10 Heizkessel für festen, flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoff Withdrawn EP2273191A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09165226A EP2273191A1 (de) 2009-07-10 2009-07-10 Heizkessel für festen, flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoff

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09165226A EP2273191A1 (de) 2009-07-10 2009-07-10 Heizkessel für festen, flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoff

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EP2273191A1 true EP2273191A1 (de) 2011-01-12

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EP09165226A Withdrawn EP2273191A1 (de) 2009-07-10 2009-07-10 Heizkessel für festen, flüssigen oder pulverförmigen Brennstoff

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116357994A (zh) * 2023-04-12 2023-06-30 施龙平 一种火力发电余热利用方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH122316A (fr) * 1926-01-11 1927-09-16 Salisbury Suffern Ernest Procédé pour la production d'un mélange gazeux combustible.
FR2278040A1 (fr) * 1974-07-08 1976-02-06 Creil Ste Indle Chaudiere a polycombustibles
US4310299A (en) * 1980-05-05 1982-01-12 Coen Company, Inc. Method for firing a rotary kiln with pulverized solid fuel
FR2535026A1 (fr) * 1982-10-25 1984-04-27 Nivon Edmond Chaudiere a bois ou autres materiaux combustibles solides
WO1997031224A1 (fr) * 1996-02-20 1997-08-28 Tabel Rene Chaudiere a alimentation continue en combustible solide parcellise
AT414036B (de) * 2004-03-03 2006-08-15 Guntamatic Heiztechnik Gmbh Feuerung für stückeligen brennstoff aus nachwachsenden rohstoffen, insbesondere für einen heizkessel
FR2930981A1 (fr) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-13 Sas De Grand Maison Soc Par Ac Chaudiere pour combustible solide, liquide ou pulverulent

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH122316A (fr) * 1926-01-11 1927-09-16 Salisbury Suffern Ernest Procédé pour la production d'un mélange gazeux combustible.
FR2278040A1 (fr) * 1974-07-08 1976-02-06 Creil Ste Indle Chaudiere a polycombustibles
US4310299A (en) * 1980-05-05 1982-01-12 Coen Company, Inc. Method for firing a rotary kiln with pulverized solid fuel
FR2535026A1 (fr) * 1982-10-25 1984-04-27 Nivon Edmond Chaudiere a bois ou autres materiaux combustibles solides
WO1997031224A1 (fr) * 1996-02-20 1997-08-28 Tabel Rene Chaudiere a alimentation continue en combustible solide parcellise
AT414036B (de) * 2004-03-03 2006-08-15 Guntamatic Heiztechnik Gmbh Feuerung für stückeligen brennstoff aus nachwachsenden rohstoffen, insbesondere für einen heizkessel
FR2930981A1 (fr) * 2008-05-06 2009-11-13 Sas De Grand Maison Soc Par Ac Chaudiere pour combustible solide, liquide ou pulverulent

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116357994A (zh) * 2023-04-12 2023-06-30 施龙平 一种火力发电余热利用方法
CN116357994B (zh) * 2023-04-12 2024-05-28 华电国际电力股份有限公司十里泉发电厂 一种火力发电余热利用装置及利用方法

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