EP0663991B1 - Vorrichtung und anlage zur abfallverbrennung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und anlage zur abfallverbrennung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0663991B1
EP0663991B1 EP93922979A EP93922979A EP0663991B1 EP 0663991 B1 EP0663991 B1 EP 0663991B1 EP 93922979 A EP93922979 A EP 93922979A EP 93922979 A EP93922979 A EP 93922979A EP 0663991 B1 EP0663991 B1 EP 0663991B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
furnace body
water
hearth
flue
pipe
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93922979A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0663991A1 (de
Inventor
Charles Le Guyader
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHANTIER NAVAL GLEHEN PIERRE ET FILS
Original Assignee
CHANTIER NAVAL GLEHEN PIERRE ET FILS
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Publication of EP0663991B1 publication Critical patent/EP0663991B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/08—Cooling thereof; Tube walls
    • F23M5/085—Cooling thereof; Tube walls using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/16—Induction apparatus, e.g. steam jet, acting on combustion products beyond the fire

Definitions

  • the subject of the present invention is a waste incinerator apparatus, as well as an incineration installation equipped with such an apparatus.
  • the invention relates in particular, but not exclusively, to an incinerator intended for use on ships.
  • the objective of the present invention is to propose an apparatus and an incineration plant which, while being simple in design and of a low cost price, are easy to use and allow to burn with a high efficiency and without danger of fire of materials, even motley.
  • document FR-A-1 231 446 describes a heating device which also performs an incinerator function.
  • the appliance comprises a hearth provided with an opening for loading the waste to be incinerated, an air intake opening, a combustion grate disposed at the bottom of the hearth, and an exhaust chimney vertical. This is connected to the upper wall of the fireplace and opens into the atmosphere, upwards.
  • the device is equipped with electrically controlled fans, whose role is to improve the draft, and therefore to carry out an efficient and complete incineration.
  • this device is attractive, since the suction effect of the water injection nozzle is supposed to improve the draft and the evacuation of smoke.
  • this device does not have a downward facing chimney. It is fortuitously, as a result of the presence of the siphon, that part of the gas passage duct is directed downward, forming the upstream branch of the "U" constituting the siphon. As explained above, the exhaust gas chimney is pointing upwards.
  • Document FR-A-1 170 060 also discloses a device for washing and cooling the burnt gases of a gas water heater.
  • This known device comprises a suction pipe for burnt gases, the inlet of which is positioned above the chimney of the water heater, at a certain distance from the latter.
  • an injector of water spray capable of sucking the burnt gases with ambient air in the pipe then washing, cooling and driving the burnt gases down, in the vertical part pipe.
  • this device has no influence on the pressure prevailing in the combustion chamber of the water heater and has no effect on the draft.
  • the waste incinerator which is the subject of the invention is of the same general type as that described in the document FR-A-1 231 446 cited above.
  • It includes a hearth provided with a loading opening, a combustion grate arranged at the bottom of the hearth, an air intake opening, and a chimney for evacuating burnt gases, the mouth of which is connects to the upper part of the fireplace.
  • the chimney comprises an exhaust pipe for the burnt gases which is directed downwards and which opens to the outside via its lower end, and, on the other hand, that this tubing is internally equipped with a water diffuser also directed downwards.
  • this diffuser fulfills a double function.
  • the first of these functions is to create a depression in the hearth relative to atmospheric pressure, which ensures a natural entry of combustion air through the air intake opening and prevents hot gases from leaving through the covers of the fireplace loading and cleaning openings, which are not necessarily tightly closed.
  • This depression of the hearth ensures good draft, allowing efficient and complete combustion of the waste. All the hot gases, including the incandescent particles in suspension, are attracted by the suction effect in the chimney, preventing leaks, which are sources of danger.
  • the second function of the internal water diffuser is to extinguish the incandescent particles present in the burnt gases, to cool and wash the fumes, so that the burnt gases escaping from the appliance are not very polluting and cold or lukewarm .
  • the waste incineration plant comprises an apparatus as described above. It includes means to recover the water released at the outlet of the chimney, to purify it and to bring it back to the diffuser according to a closed circuit.
  • the waste incinerator device, referenced 1, shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a box 2 of generally rectangular parallelepiped shape, for example cubic, with double wall, constituting the hearth of the device.
  • Its walls both interior and exterior, are made of sheets of refractory steel sheet assembled by welding.
  • the internal faces of the internal walls are coated with a refractory material not shown in FIG. 1 and referenced 26 in FIG. 2. This is for example an assembly of refractory bricks making it possible to obtain a high temperature of the hearth, for good incineration.
  • the internal plates constituting the hearth are referenced 20 to designate the horizontal upper wall, 21 to designate the side and front and rear walls, 23 for the bottom wall.
  • the external wall elements are designated 40 for the side plates, 41 for the front and rear plates, 42 for the upper plate.
  • the box is supported by four feet 22 (only one of which is shown in Figure 1) which allow it to be supported on a plane S.
  • Appropriate spacers 210 maintain the desired spacing between the inner and outer wall elements, providing a peripheral space into which air can enter from below.
  • the upper internal 20 and external 42 plates respectively have an opening 200 and a notch 420 coming in correspondence with the opening 200, to allow the introduction of the waste to be burned in the hearth.
  • a cover 43 is provided for closing the opening 200 during use.
  • a combustion grate 8 intended to receive the waste to be burned. This is supported by side angles 80 (of which only one is shown in Figure 1).
  • the angles 80 are preferably reversible and adjustable in height.
  • the front wall of the hearth is provided, in the lower part, with a cover 7 for cleaning the hearth, which is held in place by a crosspiece 72 and clamping screws 73.
  • the combustion air enters naturally through an opening 70 made in the cover 7.
  • a sliding shutter 70 makes it possible to adjust the air flow entering the hearth by more or less discovering the opening 70.
  • the opening 70 is located below the level of the grid 8. At the bottom of the hearth, an opening 74 fitted with a flap 75 allows the evacuation of the ashes and other residues.
  • the device is equipped with a chimney 3 for evacuating the burnt gases.
  • It is a cylindrical tube having the general shape of an inverted "J".
  • the tube is formed of sections 30, 31, 32, 33 and 34 fixed to each other by welding.
  • the section 30 is a straight sleeve of short length disposed vertically and the base of which passes through circular openings in the plates 20 and 42.
  • the sleeve 30 is welded to each of these plates, to open into the hearth.
  • a first bend 31 which describes an angular sector of 90 °.
  • This elbow is itself connected to a substantially horizontal rectilinear sleeve 32 which extends laterally, towards one of the sides of the hearth. Its length is sufficient for its opposite end to reach beyond one of the side walls 40 of the hearth.
  • the sleeve 32 is itself fixed by welding to a second elbow 33 which also describes an angular sector of 90 °, and the mouth of which is directed downwards.
  • the length L1 of the latter is of the same order of magnitude, and preferably slightly greater than the height L2 of the hearth (see FIG. 2).
  • the top of the second elbow 33 has an opening, around which a small sleeve 35 is welded, coaxial with the pipe 34. This sleeve receives a system for supplying and diffusing water into the chimney.
  • the system comprises a supply duct 5, the end of which carries a fitting socket 50 fitted and fixed in the sleeve 35. At its free end is screwed a doubly threaded ring 51 in which a diffuser member 6 is fixed.
  • Figure 3 is a detailed view of the diffuser 6. It comprises a hollow body 60 screwed into the ring 51.
  • the body 60 has two bores 61, 62 connected by channels 64 allowing the passage of water from the upper bore 61 to lower bore 62.
  • the lower bore 62 opens downwards through a divergent conical chamfered wall 63.
  • an axial threaded rod 66 In the central part of the body 60 which separates the bores 61 and 62 is screwed an axial threaded rod 66.
  • This rod extends downward into the bore 62 and outside the body 60. It receives a spraying member constituted by a frustoconical nut 65, the angle of which at the top of the conical wall corresponds to that of the chamfer 63.
  • the water which is brought by the conduit 5 to the diffuser 6 will therefore cross the channels 64 to come and occupy the bore 62 from which it will escape in the form of rain, according to a conical jet.
  • the fineness of the water droplets will depend on the passage section corresponding to the gap 620, and therefore on the height adjustment of the member 65.
  • a sprinkler ramp 25 supplied with water by a supply duct 250.
  • the ramp 25 extends horizontally in the upper part in the central region of the hearth.
  • the waste to be burned is introduced into the hearth through the opening 200, and comes to rest on the combustion grate 8.
  • the materials are ignited, possibly using an auxiliary fuel for starting the operation.
  • the cover 43 being put in place to close the opening 200, the combustion air arrives in the hearth from below the grate, through the adjustable opening 70.
  • the water leaves the diffuser 6 in the form of rain droplets which are sprayed at the upper end of the tube 34.
  • This diffusion which takes place permanently, causes a suction upstream of the tubing, that is to say in the parts 33, 32 31 and 30 of the tubing.
  • This suction is favorable for the evacuation of burnt gases, which enter the chimney as symbolized by the arrows F in FIG. 2.
  • the depression of the hearth also favors the admission of air, through the opening 70, and makes it possible to obtain an excellent draft, conducive to a complete combustion of all the materials, even slightly inflammable, placed on the grid.
  • the smoke stream entering the chimney generally carries glowing particles in suspension.
  • the water droplets also cool and wash the fumes.
  • This air for cooling the walls rises towards the upper part of the hearth and is then evacuated by suitable openings, for example by the notch 420 placed above the cover 43.
  • this hot air can be captured for subsequent use.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents a waste incineration installation using an apparatus 1 of the type described.
  • the chimney 3 opens into a tower 9 for separating the smoke and the water.
  • a deflector cone 90 At the base of the tower is a deflector cone 90. The washed fumes escape from the tower 9 through a chimney 910, as symbolized by the arrow J.
  • the recycling circuit 900 is equipped with a pump 93 ensuring the circulation of the water taken from the tower 9 to bring it to the diffuser 6.
  • a purification device 91 On this circuit is installed a purification device 91. It is for example a centrifugation device which separates the liquid and solid particles.
  • a cooling device 92 It is a heat exchanger.
  • the water, still lukewarm, is for example exposed to a jet of cold air A produced by a fan.
  • Addition of water and treatment products can be added to the circuit, for example in tower 9, as symbolized by the arrows B1 and B2.
  • the adjustment of the combustion air flow can be carried out automatically by a regulation system acting on the flap 71 as a function of the temperature of the flue gases.
  • the extinction of the hearth by the ramp 25 can be triggered automatically if the operating conditions become abnormal, for example if the supply of water to the diffuser is done incorrectly.
  • the diffuser could for example have two cones 65 placed one above the other.
  • Such an apparatus is particularly suitable for maritime applications, in particular for equipping merchant ships.
  • its use is not limited to this kind of application. It can also be used for industrial and domestic purposes, or for communities, for example in hospitals.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Vorrichtung für das Verbrennen von Abfällen mit einem mit einer Einfüllföffnung (200) versehenen Feuerraum (2), und mit einem am Boden des Feuerraums angeordneten Verbrennungsrost (8), sowie mit einer Öffnung (70) für den Einlaß von Luft, und mit einem Kamin (3) für die Evakuierung der Verbrennungsgase, dessen Auslaßöffnung (30) in den oberen Teil des Verbrennungsraumes mündet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    dieser Kamin (3) aus vier aufeinanderfolgenden Abschnitten besteht, welche ab dem Verbrennungsraum (2) in Richtung der Außenseite folgendes aufweisen:
    - einen weitgehend vertikalen geraden Stutzen (30), welcher mit der oberen Wand (20) des Feuerraumes (2) verbunden ist;
    - einen ersten Krümmer (31), welcher einen Winkelsektor von 90° bildet;
    - einen weitgehend horizontal verlaufenden Stutzen (32);
    - einen zweiten Krümmer (33), welcher einen Winkelsektor von 90° bildet;
    - eine vertikale Rohrleitung (34), welche einen Auslaß für die Verbrennungsgase bildet und mit ihrem unteren Ende an der Außenseite mündet und deren Länge (L1) gleich oder größer der Höhe (L2) des Verbrennungsraumes (2) ist;
    und dadurch, daß die Vorrichtung einen Wasserzerstäuber (6) aufweist, welcher innerhalb des oberen Teils der Rohrleitung (34) angeordnet und so ausgelegt ist, daß er Wassertropfen in Form eines konischen Strahls zerstäuben kann, welcher innerhalb der Rohrleitung (34) nach unten gerichtet ist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der Verbrennungsraum (2) mit einer doppelten Wand (21-40; 20-42) ausgerüstet ist und daß der Freiraum zwischen den Wänden die Zirkulation von Luft ermöglicht, um den Verbrennungsraum zu kühlen.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    der Wasserzerstäuber (6) einen Hohlkörper (60) mit einer angefasten Basis, sowie ein Zerstäuberelement mit einer konischen Wand (65) aufweist, dessen Position in der Höhe verstellbar ist.
  4. Anlage für die Verbrennung von Abfällen, welche eine Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der vorausgegangenen Ansprüche aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
    sie Mittel (9, 91, 92, 93, 94) enthält, um das am Ausgang des Kamins (3) versprühte Wasser aufzufangen, um es zu reinigen und in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf an den Zerstäuber (6) zurückzuführen.
EP93922979A 1992-10-13 1993-10-12 Vorrichtung und anlage zur abfallverbrennung Expired - Lifetime EP0663991B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9212205A FR2696817B1 (fr) 1992-10-13 1992-10-13 Incinérateur à déchets combustibles polluants destiné aux navires, collectivités, entreprises, hôpitaux, etc..
FR9212205 1992-10-13
PCT/FR1993/001007 WO1994009318A1 (fr) 1992-10-13 1993-10-12 Appareil et installation pour l'incineration de dechets

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0663991A1 EP0663991A1 (de) 1995-07-26
EP0663991B1 true EP0663991B1 (de) 1997-03-12

Family

ID=9434469

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93922979A Expired - Lifetime EP0663991B1 (de) 1992-10-13 1993-10-12 Vorrichtung und anlage zur abfallverbrennung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0663991B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69308869D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2696817B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1994009318A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2722868B1 (fr) * 1994-07-21 1996-08-23 Le Guyader Charles Incinerateur d'usage general a ordures menageres et residus d'hydrocarburea
ES2186460B1 (es) * 1998-09-23 2004-10-01 Comercial Ganadera Vegasa, S.L. Incinerador de residuos, restos de cadaveres de animales y otros restos domesticos y agro-ganaderos e industriales.
GB9909583D0 (en) * 1999-04-26 1999-06-23 Holliswood Incinerators Ltd Incinerator
NL1035667C2 (nl) * 2008-07-04 2009-05-19 Pieter Polderman Injector te plaatsen in of toe te voegen aan een scheeps- of andere schoorsteen teneinde de afvoergassen te versnellen, beter te verdelen en hoger mee te voeren waardoor - zonder de druk in de pijp te beïnvloeden - de overlast van laaghangende rook geminimaliseerd wordt.

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2194490A (en) * 1938-11-30 1940-03-26 Stewart Burns Inc Incinerator
US2294024A (en) * 1940-11-05 1942-08-25 Thomas N Hunt Stack blower
FR1170060A (fr) * 1957-03-26 1959-01-08 Laveur-refroidisseur de gaz brûlés de chauffe-eau
FR1231446A (fr) * 1959-07-28 1960-09-29 Construction d'un appareil de chauffage
FR1243458A (fr) * 1959-08-31 1960-10-14 Appareil pour l'évacuation de gaz de combustion ou analogues
US3330231A (en) * 1964-02-28 1967-07-11 Paul W Spencer Incinerator and smoke abatement apparatus
US3525309A (en) * 1968-05-21 1970-08-25 Scrubaire Inc Process and apparatus for cleaning furnace gases
US4497439A (en) * 1978-05-19 1985-02-05 Heat Extractor Inc. Heat extractor
IT1183737B (it) * 1984-02-15 1987-10-22 Silvano Cappi Abbattitore di fumi per gruppi bruciatore-caldaia a combustibile gassoso o liquido

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1994009318A1 (fr) 1994-04-28
DE69308869D1 (de) 1997-04-17
FR2696817B1 (fr) 1994-12-30
FR2696817A1 (fr) 1994-04-15
EP0663991A1 (de) 1995-07-26

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