EP3178578B1 - Müllverbrennungsanlage und müllverbrennungsverfahren - Google Patents

Müllverbrennungsanlage und müllverbrennungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3178578B1
EP3178578B1 EP16306641.8A EP16306641A EP3178578B1 EP 3178578 B1 EP3178578 B1 EP 3178578B1 EP 16306641 A EP16306641 A EP 16306641A EP 3178578 B1 EP3178578 B1 EP 3178578B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cell
journey
channels
hollow envelope
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
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EP16306641.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3178578A1 (de
Inventor
Hervé BEA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dalkia Wastenergy SA
Original Assignee
TIRU SA Traitement Industriel des Residus Urbains
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Priority to PL16306641T priority Critical patent/PL3178578T3/pl
Publication of EP3178578A1 publication Critical patent/EP3178578A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/20—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having rotating or oscillating drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/201—Rotary drum furnace using oscillating movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/203—Rotary drum furnace with conically shaped drum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/205—Rotary drum furnace with water-cooled wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/20—Rotary drum furnace
    • F23G2203/207—Rotary drum furnace with air supply ports in the sidewall

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of waste incineration plants.
  • Waste in particular those resulting from human activities (we will see later a more exhaustive list), are collected, and if they can not be recycled, they are, depending on the case, landfilled or destroyed by incineration. that is to say, by a combustion as complete as possible, the released energy being recoverable.
  • the furnace has a "cell" which is an elongate and sloping combustion chamber of generally cylindro-frustoconical shape extending along a longitudinal axis oriented slightly downwardly. The cell is adapted to oscillate or even rotate completely along this axis.
  • the waste is introduced into the cell by a pusher system which opens out a hole in the face at the highest end of the cylinder (rear face).
  • the continuous progression of the solids in the cell is ensured by the inclination of the axis and the oscillation movement, until exiting in the form of residues (products of combustion) by the opposite face, at the lowest end (front face).
  • the present invention relates to a facility 1 for incineration of waste, in particular waste having PCI and very variable particle sizes.
  • It can be organic waste such as vegetables, pieces of wood, sawmill residues (fall, sawdust), straw, hulls, household waste such as paper, plastics, rubbers, textile waste, etc.
  • the installation 1 comprises as central element a combustion cell 10 which has the role of furnace waste. In other words, is a combustion chamber.
  • the installation can include several.
  • This longitudinal axis defines a main direction of the cell 10, oriented from the entry face 2a to the exit face 2b, this direction corresponding to the direction of progression of the waste in the cell 10. In the remainder of the present description, speak upstream and downstream of the cell 10 in this direction, the upstream is thus located to the input face 2a, and the downstream to the output face 2b.
  • the cell 10 has a substantially axisymmetric shape with respect to said longitudinal axis, in particular a cylindro-frustoconical shape.
  • the cell has a cylindrical section and a frustoconical section (ie conical head), the cylindrical section being upstream of the downstream section as seen in the figures.
  • the two cylindrical and frustoconical sections advantageously have fairly similar lengths.
  • the cell 10 has a lateral face 11 which extends over its entire circumference, and which is therefore limited longitudinally by the faces 2a and 2b.
  • the side wall 11 may be chosen from a thermally insulating material, but as will be seen later this is not necessary, which reduces the overall cost of the installation and simplify it.
  • the cell 10 is rotatable about said longitudinal axis, and is therefore adapted to oscillate (the angular amplitude of the oscillation movement is advantageously about ten degrees). This movement allows to drive and advance the waste in the cell 10 along the longitudinal axis.
  • the installation 1 also comprises means 4, 5 for introducing the waste into the cell 10 via the inlet face 2a, these means consisting for example of a pipe 4 extending along said longitudinal axis, equipped for example with a jack or a worm for the introduction of waste (pusher system), and a hopper 5 intermediately storing waste that descends by gravity in the pipe 4.
  • the waste is as explained incinerated in the cell 10, and the products of combustion (residues, ash, etc.) leave the cell 10 at the outlet face 2b where they are recovered.
  • the installation 1 also comprises means 3a, 3b for supplying the cell 10 with combustion and / or cooling air.
  • combustion air is meant an oxidizer for the combustion of waste.
  • cooling air is meant air in heat exchange with the combustion products before they arrive at the outlet face 2b, so that recover the thermal energy of these products for recovery while cooling these products to facilitate their recovery.
  • the combustion air and the cooling air are the same atmospheric air (containing oxygen in a natural quantity), but it will be understood that it is possible, for example, to use oxygen-enriched air as the air of oxygen. combustion and / or an inert gas as cooling air.
  • the installation 1 has means 3a for supplying the cell 10 with combustion air and means 3b for supplying the cell 10 with separate cooling air. As will be seen later, this is particularly useful for maintaining different temperatures between the combustion air and the cooling air.
  • combustion air is introduced at the second zone and that the cooling air is introduced at the third zone. This will also be described in more detail below.
  • the means 3a, 3b may consist of one or more fans.
  • the installation 1 comprises a duct 6 flue gas, ie gases produced by the combustion reaction.
  • the latter is located above the cell 10, substantially in the middle position (at the second zone), and extends radially with respect to the cell 10.
  • the side wall 11 of the cell 10 has an opening allowing the fumes to escape to the duct 6. It is noted that the cooling air heated by contact with the products of the combustion goes up the cell and also escapes via the duct 6.
  • Smoke heat recovery means (such as a heat exchanger) may be arranged along the duct 6 to enhance the energy of the flue gases, for example to vaporize water in order to rotate a turbine to generate electricity.
  • the fumes can be treated in an auxiliary chamber also located along the duct 6.
  • means such as movable joints seal between the movable cell and the fixed conduit 6.
  • the present apparatus 1 is distinguished in that it further comprises a hollow envelope 12a, 12b disposed around the side wall 11 (externally) so as to cover at least 50% of its surface (advantageously at least 75%, even more preferably at least 90%, and even more preferably substantially 100%).
  • the hollow envelope 12a, 12b surrounds the cell 10 concentrically.
  • the envelope 12a, 12b is hollow allows it to receive circulating air, and the species air combustion and / or cooling.
  • the hollow envelope has two distinct parts, ie sealed with respect to each other, that is to say without interconnection fluidics.
  • the first part is a primary part 12a disposed upstream of the cell 10, and the second part is a secondary part 12b disposed downstream of the cell 10.
  • the primary part 12a is advantageously more extensive than the secondary part, that is to say that is, the primary portion 12a of the hollow envelope covers at least said cylindrical section of the cell, and part of the frustoconical section, while the secondary portion 12b covers only a portion of the frustoconical section. More specifically, the primary portion 12a advantageously extends over approximately two thirds of the length of the cell 10, and the 12b in about a third of the length of the cell 10. In practice, this is to surround the first two zones (drying and combustion) with the first portion 12a, and turn the third zone (cooling) with the abutment. This thus makes it possible to use the primary portion 12a of the hollow envelope to circulate the combustion air, and the secondary portion 12b to circulate the cooling air circulates.
  • said hollow envelope 12a, 12b in one or two parts makes it possible to circulate around the cell 10 air (combustion or cooling) intended to be injected, and this before its injection .
  • the hollow envelope 12a, 12b acts as thermal insulation of the cell 10 in place of the side wall 11 which does not need to be of expensive material, and in fact allows a combustion reaction to be performed under adiabatic conditions.
  • the hollow envelope (in particular each portion 12a, 12b) is fluidly connected to the means 3a, 3b supplying the cell 10 with combustion air and / or cooling air (respectively with the means 3a for feeding the combustion air cell 10 and the means 3b supplying the cooling air cell 10 via a rotary joint 13a, 13b.
  • the hollow envelope (in particular each portion 12a, 12b) is fluidly connected to the cell 10 via at least one orifice 14a, 14b (a nozzle) passing through the side wall 11.
  • the hollow envelope 12a, 12b is "simple", that is to say that it only has a thickness of airflow vein.
  • each of the primary 12a and secondary 12b may have this structure, if necessary independently of the other.
  • the complete envelope 12a, 12b will be described, but it will be understood that the present description is transposed exactly for each of the parts 12a, 12b.
  • the elements with a numerical reference ending in “a” will be understood as those of the primary part 12a, and those ending in “b” their equivalents of the secondary part 12b.
  • the hollow envelope 12a, 12b has forward channels 120a, 120b and return channels 121a, 121b, arranged so that the air flowing in said hollow envelope 12a, 12b passes through the forward channels. 120a, 120b then the return channels 121a, 121b before being introduced into the cell 10. To reformulate again, the air is injected by the means 3a, 3b in the forward channels 120a, 120b, travels and is transferred to the return channels 121a, 121b serving the orifices 14a, 14b giving in the cell 10.
  • said forward and return channels 120a, 120b, 121a, 121b are substantially coplanar with the longitudinal axis of the cell 10, that is to say that they extend parallel to the longitudinal axis at the center of the cell. angle close to the frustoconical shape of the cell (and so they extend slightly radially), but never tangentially.
  • the air travels the forward channels 120a, 120b towards the input face 2a (ie it raises the cell 10), then travels the return channels 121a, 121b towards the output face 2b (ie it goes down the cell 10).
  • This allows, for example, the orifices 14a of the primary portion 12a to be downstream of this primary portion 12a (i.e. in the second zone).
  • each return channel 121a, 121b is disposed between two forward channels 120a, 120b. This is clearly visible on the figure 1b , which represents two sections respectively in primary part 12a and secondary part 12b (see figure 1a the positions of the cuts).
  • the channels 120a, 120b, 121a, 121b can then be formed by fins extending radially in the hollow envelope 12a, 12b, and defining the azimuthal walls of the channels (the side wall 11 and the outer wall of the envelope 12a , 12b defining their radial walls).
  • the hollow envelope 12a, 12b does not include a return channel 121a, 121b in the vicinity of the opening in the side wall 11 for the flue gas duct 6, which means that on a "high" angular portion of the cell 10 (which advantageously extends over 90 to 135 °, in particular about 120 ° of the circumference of the hollow envelope 12a, 12b) there are only go channels 120a, 120b side by side.
  • FIG. 1c evoked above represents in a very visual way the portion without return channels 121a, 121b.
  • the hollow envelope 12a, 12b advantageously comprises a distribution ring 15a, 15b interconnecting the forward channels 120a, 120b and the return channels 121a, 121b.
  • This ring 15a, 15b has the shape of a ring and redistributes the flow if orifices 14a, 14b were for example blocked so as to avoid overpressures.
  • each return channel 121a, 121b is advantageously equipped with a valve 16a, 16b (that is to say a workable / closable element) controlled according to the angular position of the cell 10.
  • the objective is that despite the rotation of the cell 10 the air is always injected at substantially the same place: at the lowest of the cell, under the waste.
  • valves 16a, 16b are controlled so that the return channel (s) 121a, 121b located under the waste to be incinerated have open valves 16a, 16b, the other return channels 121a, 121b having valves 16a, 16b closed.
  • valves 16a 16b are valve-type elements extended by a rod such that a push on the rod opens the valve 16, 16b, a spring ensuring its return in the initial position of closure.
  • Fixed elements may be arranged around the cell 10 so that the rotation come to press these valves on the fixed elements and open when in the correct angular position.
  • the hollow casing 12a, 12b is "double" that is to say it has two air flow vein thicknesses.
  • the entire structure of the first embodiment is repeated, with the difference that the forward channels 120a, 120b are arranged so as to form a crown around the return channels 121a, 121b.
  • the external vein of the envelope 12a, 12b consists only of forward channels 120a, 120b
  • the internal vein is composed only of return channels 121a, 121b, or a mix of channels 120a, 120b, 121a, 121b, for example, if it is desired, for example, to have a high portion without return channels 121a, 121b, to see an internal portion identical to that of the first embodiment (ie with alternating forward and reverse channels 120a 120b, 121a, 121).
  • Such architecture further improves energy efficiency since the external vein acts as a second thermal insulator. It is quite conceivable to provide more than two thicknesses but this increases the pressure losses and is not necessarily desirable.
  • an auxiliary envelope 17 may be arranged around the hollow envelope 12a, 12b single or double.
  • This auxiliary envelope 17 is fluidly distinct from the main envelope 12a, 12b and serves for example for the circulation of a heat transfer fluid in heat exchange with the combustion air and / or cooling circulating in the hollow envelope 12a, 12b , for recovery of recovered energy.
  • This allows to further increase the energy efficiency without increasing the pressure drops.
  • the residual thermal losses are recovered by the thermal fluid, the latter being water which will subsequently be heat exchanged with the fumes of the duct 6 for vaporization and feeding a turbine (see before). This allows to preheat this water with residual heat losses.
  • a domestic sanitary water system may for example be heated.
  • the invention relates to a waste incineration process implemented in an installation according to the first aspect of the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Müllverbrennungsanlage (1), umfassend:
    - eine Brennzelle (10), die sich entlang einer Längsachse zwischen einer Eintrittsseite (2a) und einer Austrittsseite (2b) erstreckt und eine Seitenwand (11) aufweist, wobei die Längsachse derart geneigt ist, dass die Eintrittsseite (2a) eine höhere Höhe aufweist als die Austrittsseite (2b), wobei die Zelle (10) dafür ausgebildet ist, um die Längsachse herum zu oszillieren;
    - Mittel (4, 5) zum Einleiten des Mülls über die Eintrittsseite (2a) in die Zelle (10);
    - Mittel (3a, 3b) zum Beschicken der Zelle (10) mit Brenn- und/oder Kühlluft;
    - eine Leitung (6) zum Abführen der Abgase über eine Öffnung in der Seitenwand (11) der Zelle (10);
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiter eine hohle Ummantelung (12a, 12b) umfasst, die derart um die Seitenwand (11) herum angeordnet ist, dass sie mindestens 50 % ihrer Fläche bedeckt, wobei die Brenn- und/oder Kühlluft in der hohlen Ummantelung (12a, 12b) zirkuliert, bevor sie in die Zelle (10) eingeleitet wird, wobei die hohle Ummantelung (12a, 12b) Hin-Kanäle (120a, 120b) und Rück-Kanäle (121a, 121b) umfasst, die derart angeordnet sind, dass die in der hohlen Ummantelung (12a, 12b) zirkulierende Luft die Hin-Kanäle (120a, 120b) und danach die Rück-Kanäle (121a, 121b) durchströmt, bevor sie in die Zelle (10) eingeleitet wird, wobei jeder Rück-Kanal (121a, 121b) zwischen zwei Hin-Kanälen (120a, 120b) angeordnet ist.
  2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1, wobei die hohle Ummantelung (12a, 12b) über mindestens eine durch die Seitenwand (11) hindurchgehende Bohrung (14a, 14b) fluidisch mit der Zelle (10) verbunden ist.
  3. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, wobei die Hin- und Rück-Kanäle (120a, 120b, 121a, 121b) im Wesentlichen zur Längsachse der Zelle (10) koplanar sind.
  4. Anlage nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Luft die Hin-Kanäle (120a, 120b) auf dem Weg zur Eintrittsseite (2a) hin durchströmt, und danach die Rück-Kanäle (121a, 121b) auf dem Weg zur Austrittsseite (2b) hin durchströmt.
  5. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die hohle Ummantelung (12a, 12b) einen Verteilerkranz (15a, 15b) umfasst, der die Hin-Kanäle (120a, 120b) und die Rück-Kanäle (121a, 121b) miteinander verbindet.
  6. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die hohle Ummantelung (12a, 12b) keinen Rück-Kanal (121a, 121b) in der Nachbarschaft der Öffnung in der Seitenwand (11) für die Leitung (6) zum Abführen der Abgase umfasst.
  7. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Kanäle (120a, 120b, 121a, 121b) von Rippen gebildet werden, die sich radial in der hohlen Ummantelung (12a, 12b) erstrecken.
  8. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei jeder Rück-Kanal (121a, 121b) mit einem Ventil (16a, 16b) ausgestattet ist, das von der Winkelstellung der Zelle (10) abhängig gesteuert wird.
  9. Anlage nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Ventile (16a, 16b) derart gesteuert werden, dass der oder die Rück-Kanäle (121a, 121b), die unter dem zu verbrennenden Müll liegen, geöffnete Ventile (16a, 16b) aufweisen, wobei die anderen Rück-Kanäle (121a, 121b) geschlossene Ventile (16a, 16b) aufweisen.
  10. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei die hohle Ummantelung einen primären Teil (12a) und einen sekundären Teil (12b) aufweist, der stromabwärts des primären Teils (12a) angeordnet ist, wobei der primäre und sekundäre Teil (12a, 12b) fluidisch getrennt sind.
  11. Anlage nach Anspruch 10, wobei die Zelle (10) stromaufwärts einen zylindrischen Querschnitt und stromabwärts einen kegelstumpfförmigen Querschnitt aufweist, wobei der primäre Teil (12a) der hohlen Ummantelung mindestens den zylindrischen Querschnitt bedeckt.
  12. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 10 und 11, wobei die Brennluft im primären Teil (12a) der hohlen Ummantelung zirkuliert, und die Kühlluft im sekundären Teil (12b) der hohlen Ummantelung zirkuliert.
  13. Anlage nach Anspruch 12, wobei die Brennluft und die Kühlluft dieselbe atmosphärische Luft sind.
  14. Anlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, umfassend eine zusätzliche Ummantelung (17), die um die hohle Ummantelung (12a, 12b) herum angeordnet ist, in welcher ein Wärmeträgerfluid in thermischem Austausch mit der in der hohlen Ummantelung (12a, 12b) zirkulierenden Brenn- und/oder Kühlluft zirkuliert.
  15. Müllverbrennungsverfahren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es Schritte umfasst des:
    - Einleitens des Mülls über eine Eintrittsseite (2a) in eine Brennzelle (10), wobei sich die Zelle (10) entlang einer Längsachse zwischen der Eintrittsseite (2a) und einer Austrittsseite (2b) erstreckt und eine Seitenwand (11) aufweist, wobei die Längsachse derart geneigt ist, dass die Eintrittsseite (2a) eine höhere Höhe aufweist als die Austrittsseite (2b), wobei die Zelle (10) dafür ausgebildet ist, um die Längsachse herum zu oszillieren;
    - Zirkulierens von Brennluft in einer hohlen Ummantelung (12a, 12b), die um die Seitenwand (11) herum angeordnet ist, wobei die hohle Ummantelung (12a, 12b) Hin-Kanäle (120a, 120b) und Rück-Kanäle (121a, 121b) aufweist, die derart angeordnet sind, dass die in der hohlen Ummantelung (12a, 12b) zirkulierende Luft die Hin-Kanäle (120a, 120b) und danach die Rück-Kanäle (121a, 121b) durchströmt, bevor sie in die Zelle (10) eingeleitet wird, wobei jeder Rück-Kanal (121a, 121b) zwischen zwei Hin-Kanälen (120a, 120b) angeordnet ist;
    - Einspritzens der Brennluft über Öffnungen (14a, 14b) von der hohlen Ummantelung (12a, 12b) her in die Zelle (10);
    - Verbrennens des Mülls in der Zelle (10) in Gegenwart der Brennluft.
EP16306641.8A 2015-12-09 2016-12-08 Müllverbrennungsanlage und müllverbrennungsverfahren Active EP3178578B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16306641T PL3178578T3 (pl) 2015-12-09 2016-12-08 Instalacja do spalania odpadów i związany z nią sposób

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1562095A FR3044940B1 (fr) 2015-12-09 2015-12-09 Installation d'incineration de dechets

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP3178578A1 EP3178578A1 (de) 2017-06-14
EP3178578B1 true EP3178578B1 (de) 2018-08-01

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FR (1) FR3044940B1 (de)
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Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB185492A (en) * 1921-06-02 1922-09-04 James Stanley Atkinson Improvements relating to refuse destructor furnaces
FR1493907A (fr) * 1966-09-14 1967-09-01 Landsverk Ab Four tubulaire tournant pour l'incinération des ordures ou de produits analogues etprocédé de fonctionnement de ce four
FR1581160A (de) * 1968-07-31 1969-09-12
FR2273236A2 (en) * 1974-05-29 1975-12-26 Heliox Oscillating drum refuse incinerator - has air entry channels behind refractory lining composed of concrete blocks
FR2350136A1 (fr) * 1976-05-05 1977-12-02 Bouillet Ind Laurent Dispositif d'introduction de fluide, notamment gazeux, dans une chambre de reaction

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EP3178578A1 (de) 2017-06-14
FR3044940A1 (fr) 2017-06-16
PL3178578T3 (pl) 2019-02-28
FR3044940B1 (fr) 2019-08-23

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