EP2270926B1 - Élément d'antenne active - Google Patents

Élément d'antenne active Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2270926B1
EP2270926B1 EP09360028A EP09360028A EP2270926B1 EP 2270926 B1 EP2270926 B1 EP 2270926B1 EP 09360028 A EP09360028 A EP 09360028A EP 09360028 A EP09360028 A EP 09360028A EP 2270926 B1 EP2270926 B1 EP 2270926B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
antenna element
active antenna
antenna array
plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
EP09360028A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2270926A1 (fr
Inventor
Florian Pivit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Original Assignee
Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=41260349&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2270926(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Alcatel Lucent SAS filed Critical Alcatel Lucent SAS
Priority to EP09360028A priority Critical patent/EP2270926B1/fr
Priority to AT09360028T priority patent/ATE554514T1/de
Publication of EP2270926A1 publication Critical patent/EP2270926A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2270926B1 publication Critical patent/EP2270926B1/fr
Revoked legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H01Q21/0025—Modular arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/213—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies
    • H01P1/2136—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters combining or separating two or more different frequencies using comb or interdigital filters; using cascaded coaxial cavities
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an active antenna array element.
  • Wireless telecommunications systems are known.
  • radio coverage is provided in areas known as cells.
  • a base station is located in each cell to provide the radio coverage.
  • Traditional base stations provide coverage in relatively large geographical areas and the cells are often referred to as macro cells.
  • a typical base station comprises: a control centre at ground level, a radio mast and an array of antenna located on the mast.
  • the array of antenna operates to provide radio coverage to end users within the cell, and transmits signals to, and receives signals from, end users within the cell.
  • the base station control centre contains, amongst other things: a data management unit, a digital to analogue converter, a filter and a power amplifier. Housing the data management unit, digital to analogue converter, power amplifier and filter in the control centre at ground level allows those components of the system to be substantially protected from prevailing environmental conditions, such as precipitation or temperature fluctuation.
  • Analogue radio frequency (RF) signals generated in the control centre at ground level are communicated to each antenna element making up the antenna array via coaxial cable extending from the control centre at the base of the radio mast to the antenna array provided near the top of the radio mast.
  • RF signals supplied to each antenna element is substantially identical; provision may be made in the antenna array for a fixed phase shift across the array to be introduced to the signal to be transmitted by the array.
  • phase shift across the array allows redirection of wavefronts produced by the array, also know as 'beam forming'.
  • An array which performs such a fixed phase shift, irrespective of signal is known as a 'passive' system.
  • a passive antenna array introduces a fixed phase difference across an antenna array to all radio frequency signals conveyed by that passive antenna array to an end user.
  • an 'active' antenna array is able to introduce a phase shift across the antenna array appropriate to the location of an end user receiving a signal.
  • An active antenna array is able to simultaneously shift different signals for different end users by introducing different phase shifts.
  • an active antenna array is able to make use of linear superposition of radio waves to transmit, for example, a high power signal to an end user a large distance from the array and a lower power signal to an end user closer to the array simultaneously by introducing differing phase shifts.
  • An active antenna array can be understood to function as a set of several parallel low-power transceiver chains which operate in a parallel manner.
  • the parallel transceiver chains enable dynamic beam forming of transmissions to end users.
  • EP 1 033 774 A1 describes a resonator filter consisting of resonators within a conducting housing couplings between resonators are realized outside the conducting filter housing with the aid of a printed circuit board over a wall of the housing.
  • An antenna may be added to the structure.
  • the antenna is of the PIFA type (planar inverted F antenna), and consists of a radiating element raised above the printed board and as the ground plane for it a part of the conducting outer surface of the printed board.
  • an active antenna array element comprising:
  • a base station including an active antenna array is typically arranged such that it includes a control centre, a radio mast, and an active antenna array provided near the top of the radio mast.
  • an active antenna array In an active antenna array, information regarding the signal to be sent to an end user is carried a large distance up the radio mast in a digital form, only being transferred to a radio frequency signal once it has been passed through further processing logic and to the active antenna array comprising a series of low-power transceiver chains. It can thus be seen that an active antenna array arrangement may act to mitigate losses and aberrations in a signal to be transmitted.
  • the first aspect recognises that it is possible to further reduce losses in an active antenna array by providing components of an active antenna element in such a way that radio frequency losses between the various components forming the array are minimised.
  • radio frequency signals it is common for radio frequency signals to be transferred between components in an antenna array by coaxial cable.
  • the losses over coaxial cable are significant and therefore use of coaxial cable in order to channel signals between components may lead to significant losses.
  • Minimising the length of coaxial cable and the distance over which a signal must be passed enables the signal to be generated at a lower power and also allows for more efficient operation of an active antenna array. Arranging a filter and an antenna element such that they share a common plate, results in a physical proximity of those components of the active antenna element.
  • Locating the filter on the direct vicinity of the antenna element assists in minimising possible connection losses.
  • Use of the common plate to provide a functional element of one or both of the antenna element and filter can also ensure that the antenna element is compact. Close integration of the filter an antenna element by use of a common plate enhances the performance of the filter and antenna element assembly in terms of filter functionality and minimisation of transmission losses between the antenna and the filter.
  • the filter may comprise a single filter intended to filter either transmission or received signals, or may, for example, be a full diplexer for a dual-polarized antenna element.
  • the filter comprises a coaxial cavity filter having a coaxial cavity and the shared part defines a part of the coaxial cavity.
  • a coaxial cavity filter may be particularly advantageous since such filters are relatively easy to manufacture and maintain.
  • the typical required dimensions of a coaxial cavity filter may be such that the common plate may form substantially the entire reflector of the antenna element. Such an arrangement is particularly efficient in terms of material and construction.
  • the coaxial cavity filter further comprises a tuning plate.
  • a tuning plate acts to tune coaxial cavities forming the filter and selectively filters the desired frequencies from on input signal.
  • the tuning plate is provided separately from the common plate of the first aspect.
  • the common plate provides substantially the entire backplate of the filer. Ensuring that the common plate provides a part of a functional element of the filter, in this case a backplate, may further aid integration of the physical proximity of the filter and antenna and thereby reduces potential signal losses.
  • the filter, antenna element and common plate form a unitary assembly. Creation of the filter, antenna element and common plate such that they are assembled together to form one unit ensures that the loss of signal between the filter and the antenna element is minimised, and further allows for the creation of a compact unit which operates as a 'filtenna' rather than a separate filter and antenna element.
  • one or more of the filter, antenna element and common plate may be formed from a plastics material, and assembled together with the other elements prior to undergoing a metallisation process.
  • the filter and antenna element are integrally formed with the common plate. It is possible to integrally form a filter and antenna element with said common plate such that the filter, antenna element, and common plate are one piece. In such an arrangement, the signal losses between the filter and antenna element and visa versa are low, and the physical dimensions of the unit may be minimised.
  • the active antenna element further comprises a radio transceiver.
  • the active antenna element further comprises a radio transmitter and a power amplifier.
  • the active antenna element further comprises a low noise amplifier and a radio receiver.
  • Inclusion of a transmitter, receiver, or transceiver in an active antenna element recognises that provision of a series of components is a close physical proximity may allow for further minimisation of potential RF losses by minimising necessary cabling and connections provided between the components.
  • the radio transceiver is provided within an environmentally sealed housing. Provision of an environmentally sealed housing mitigates the chance that the operation of any electronic equipment provided within the housing will be damaged by prevailing environmental conditions, such as precipitation or temperature.
  • the active antenna element further comprises a signal coupling between the filter and the antenna element.
  • the signal coupling comprises a connector.
  • the connector may comprise a strip, coaxial coupling, or coupling probe. In such an arrangement the length of said connector will typically be minimised to minimise any potential losses.
  • a second aspect provides a method of providing an active antenna array element comprising the steps of:
  • the method further comprises the step of forming a unitary assembly from the filter, antenna element, and common plate.
  • the method further comprises the step of integrally forming the filter and the antenna element with the common plate.
  • the method further comprises the step of providing an active antenna element which further comprises a radio transceiver.
  • the method further comprises the step of providing an environmentally sealed housing within which the radio transceiver is provided.
  • the method further comprises the step of providing a signal coupling between the filter and said antenna element. In one embodiment, the method further comprises the step of providing a connector between the filter and the antenna element.
  • the connector may comprise a strip, coaxial coupling, or coupling probe.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates schematically the main components of a wireless communications network base station 1.
  • the base station 1 comprises a radio mast 2, and a data management unit 3 which communicates with a 'core network' of the wireless communications network.
  • the base station further comprises a processing unit 4 and an active antenna array 5 operable to transmit radio frequency signals to, and receive radio frequency signals from, an end user 6 in response to information received from the core network.
  • FIG 2 illustrates schematically the main components of an active antenna array for use in a base station such as that shown in Figure 1 .
  • the active antenna array 5 comprises a set of substantially identical active antenna elements 7.
  • four active antenna elements 7 are shown.
  • Each active antenna element may comprise transmission and reception apparatus and thus functions as a low-power transceiver chain.
  • Figure 2 only includes a schematic representation of transmission apparatus in such a low-power transceiver chain.
  • each active antenna element 7 shown comprises: a radio transmitter 8, a power amplifier 9, a filter 10 and an antenna element 11.
  • Data management unit 3 receives digital information relating to a signal to be transmitted to a user 6 from a core network.
  • the information received by the data management unit 3 is transferred via a digital connection 15 to processing unit 4.
  • Processing unit 4 acts to dynamically generate signals to be transmitted by each of the active antenna elements 7 forming the active antenna array 5. It is processing unit 4 that calculates, for each signal to be received by transmitted to a user 6, an appropriate phase shift to introduce across the active antenna array 5.
  • a calculated digital signal is generated by processing unit 4 for each element 7 and transmitted via a digital connection 20 to each of the active antenna elements 7.
  • the signal received by each active antenna element 7 is converted by radio transmitter 8 into a radio frequency signal. That radio frequency signal is fed to a power amplifier 9 and then filtered by a frequency filter 10 before being passed to the antenna element 11 for transmission to the end users.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a first embodiment of an active antenna element 30.
  • Active antenna element 30 comprises an antenna element 40, and a filter 50.
  • the filter 50 comprises a diplexer.
  • the filter thus essentially comprises two filters: 50a which acts to filter RF signals to be transmitted, and 50b which acts to filter received RF signals.
  • Each filter 50a, 50b has a substantially identical structure and is of the coaxial-cavity type.
  • Each coaxial cavity filter comprises a series of resonant cavities 60.
  • the cavities are formed from the main body 70, which in this embodiment, is machined from a solid block of aluminum. In other embodiments the body 70 may be injection moulded from a plastics material and then metalised.
  • the resonant coaxial cavity filters 50a, 50b further comprise a tuning plate 80 which, in the embodiment shown, is a conductive aluminum plate.
  • the tuning plate 80 includes tuning screws 90. Tuning screws 90 allow the resonant cavities 60 of the filters 50a, 50b to be properly tuned and thereby optimize operation of the filter 50.
  • the main body 70 of the filter 50 also provides a substantially flat plate or 'backplate' 100.
  • the antenna element 40 is placed (for example, a patch or dipole arrangement) on the backplate 100.
  • the backplate 100 is conductive and thus acts as a reflector of antenna element 40.
  • An RF transmission signal to be filtered is passed into filter 50a via coupling probe 110.
  • the filtered signal exits the filter 50a via coupling pin 120 and is connected to the antenna element 40 via a jumper connection 130 of only a few millimeters in length.
  • the output of the filter 120, 130 to the antenna element is located such that the shortest and most integrable connection to the antenna element can be made.
  • the signals received by the antenna element 40 are coupled to the filter 50b via a jumper connector 140 which couples with coupling pin 150 and couples the unfiltered signal to filter 50b.
  • a filtered signal is able to leave the filter 50b via a coupling 160.
  • the received signal filter port 140, 150 may be located anywhere on the backplate 100, such that it best fits the physical design constraints of the active antenna unit 30. In the embodiment shown it is placed substantially symmetrically with regard to the transmission signal filter port.
  • the backplate 100 of a resonant cavity filter is not functionally utilized by any other component forming part of the active antenna element, and is connected to the antenna element via a length of coaxial cable. Such a connection results in significant signal losses.
  • the backplate 100 of the cavity filter acts as a reflector for the antenna element.
  • This arrangement allows the length of the jumper connections 130, 140 between the filter and the antenna element to be minimized.
  • the result is a highly integrated filter plus antenna which acts as a single functional unit, namely a 'filtenna'.
  • the embodiment shown maintains access to tuning screws 90 on the tuning plate 80 of a coaxial cavity filter and so that filter may still be tuned and maintained to optimize performance.
  • FIG 4 illustrates a second embodiment of an active antenna element.
  • the active antenna element 200 of Figure 4 comprises an antenna element 40 and filter 50 substantially identical to that shown in Figure 3 and therefore identical reference numerals have been used throughout.
  • the active antenna element 200 as shown in Figure 4 further comprises a radio transceiver 210 located within an environmentally sealed housing 220.
  • the radio transceiver 210 is connected (not shown) to a processing unit 4 as shown in Figure 1 and 2 .
  • the primary functional elements of the transceiver are shown schematically that transceiver comprises: a radio signal transmitter 230, a power amplifier 240, a low noise amplifier 250 and a radio receiver 260.
  • the processing unit 4 passes a signal to be sent to end users 6 to the transmitter 230 which acts to generate a radio frequency signal which is passed through power amplifier 240 before being coupled to filter 50a via coupling 110.
  • the filtered signal for transmission is coupled to the antenna element via jumper connection 130 and is then transmitted to end users by the antenna element 40.
  • the antenna element 40 also receives radio frequency transmissions from end users 6. Those received signals are passed from the antenna element 40 via jumper connection 140 to filter 50b which filters the received radio frequency signal. The filtered signal is coupled to a low noise amplifier via coupling 160. The amplified signal is passed to radio receiver 260 which acts to convert the radio frequency signal to a signal which may be received by processing unit 4, and passed back to the core network.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an active antenna array formed from a series of 8 active antenna elements similar to those shown in Figure 4 .
  • Those active antenna elements act as a set of parallel, low power transceiver chains, and operate to dynamically shape waves sending signals to end users 6.
  • any block diagrams herein represent conceptual views of illustrative circuitry embodying the principles of the invention.
  • any flow charts, flow diagrams, state transition diagrams, pseudo code, and the like represent various processes which may be substantially represented in computer readable medium and so executed by a computer or processor, whether or not such computer or processor is explicitly shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Élément de réseau d'antennes actives (30) comprenant :
    un filtre (50), comprenant un filtre à cavité coaxiale présentant une cavité coaxiale (60) et
    une plaque de réglage (80) comprenant des vis de réglage (90) ;
    un élément d'antenne (40),
    et une plaque commune (100),
    au moins une partie de ladite plaque commune étant partagée par ledit filtre (60) et ledit élément d'antenne (40) pour prévoir un réflecteur dudit élément d'antenne (40) et au moins une partie d'une plaque arrière dudit filtre et dans lequel ladite partie partagée (100) définit une partie de ladite cavité coaxiale, et dans lequel la plaque de réglage (80) est disposée séparément de la plaque commune, et ladite plaque de réglage est disposée à l'opposé de ladite plaque arrière.
  2. Élément de réseau d'antennes actives selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdits filtre, élément d'antenne et plaque commune forment un ensemble unitaire.
  3. Élément de réseau d'antennes actives selon la revendication 1, dans lequel lesdits filtre (50) et élément d'antenne (40) sont formés de manière solidaire avec ladite plaque commune.
  4. Élément de réseau d'antennes actives (30) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un émetteur-récepteur radio (210).
  5. Élément de réseau d'antennes actives selon la revendication 4, dans lequel ledit émetteur-récepteur radio (210) est disposé à l'intérieur d'un boîtier hermétique (220).
  6. Élément de réseau d'antennes actives selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant en outre un couplage de signaux (130, 140) entre ledit filtre et ledit élément d'antenne.
  7. Élément de réseau d'antennes actives selon la revendication 6, dans lequel ledit couplage de signaux (130, 140) comprend un connecteur.
  8. Élément de réseau d'antennes actives selon la revendication 7, dans lequel ledit connecteur comprend une bande, un couplage coaxial ou une sonde de couplage.
  9. Procédé prévoyant un élément de réseau d'antennes actives (30) comprenant les étapes suivantes :
    prévoir un filtre (50) comprenant un filtre à cavité coaxiale présentant une cavité coaxiale (60) et une plaque de réglage (80) comprenant des vis de réglage (90),
    prévoir un élément d'antenne (40),
    et prévoir une plaque commune, agencée de sorte qu'au moins une partie de ladite plaque commune soit partagée par ledit filtre (50) et ledit élément d'antenne (40) pour prévoir un réflecteur dudit élément d'antenne et au moins une partie d'une plaque arrière dudit filtre et dans lequel ladite partie partagée (100) définit une partie de ladite cavité coaxiale, et agencée de sorte que la plaque de réglage (80) soit disposée séparément de la plaque commune, et que ladite plaque de réglage soit disposée à l'opposé de ladite plaque arrière.
EP09360028A 2009-05-26 2009-05-26 Élément d'antenne active Revoked EP2270926B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09360028A EP2270926B1 (fr) 2009-05-26 2009-05-26 Élément d'antenne active
AT09360028T ATE554514T1 (de) 2009-05-26 2009-05-26 Aktives antennenelement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09360028A EP2270926B1 (fr) 2009-05-26 2009-05-26 Élément d'antenne active

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2270926A1 EP2270926A1 (fr) 2011-01-05
EP2270926B1 true EP2270926B1 (fr) 2012-04-18

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ID=41260349

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09360028A Revoked EP2270926B1 (fr) 2009-05-26 2009-05-26 Élément d'antenne active

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EP (1) EP2270926B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE554514T1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104218314A (zh) * 2014-09-30 2014-12-17 东南大学 陷波反射器的宽带共面偶极子天线
EP3387705B1 (fr) 2016-04-26 2022-06-22 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Agencement d'antenne
US10629997B2 (en) * 2016-12-27 2020-04-21 Tongyu Communication Inc. Radiating integrated antenna unit and multi-array antenna of same
CN210723354U (zh) * 2019-04-30 2020-06-09 深圳市大富科技股份有限公司 一种用于基站的有源天线单元及天线单元
CN209948056U (zh) * 2019-08-09 2020-01-14 瑞典爱立信有限公司 天线滤波器单元、以及无线电单元

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2513761A (en) * 1945-06-14 1950-07-04 Hazeltine Research Inc Wave-signal selector system
US4292610A (en) * 1979-01-26 1981-09-29 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Temperature compensated coaxial resonator having inner, outer and intermediate conductors

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JPH01166597A (ja) * 1987-12-23 1989-06-30 Fujitsu Ltd リフロー半田接合方法
JP2710894B2 (ja) * 1991-06-27 1998-02-10 三菱電機株式会社 フィルタ・アンテナ装置
US5781162A (en) * 1996-01-12 1998-07-14 Hughes Electronic Corporation Phased array with integrated bandpass filter superstructure
JP3344333B2 (ja) * 1998-10-22 2002-11-11 株式会社村田製作所 フィルタ内蔵誘電体アンテナ、デュプレクサ内蔵誘電体アンテナおよび無線装置
FI113578B (fi) 1999-03-03 2004-05-14 Filtronic Lk Oy Resonaattorisuodatin
CN1375169A (zh) * 1999-07-21 2002-10-16 塞勒特拉有限公司 可缩放的蜂窝通信系统
US6329949B1 (en) * 2000-03-09 2001-12-11 Avaya Technology Corp. Transceiver stacked assembly
JP3531570B2 (ja) * 2000-03-14 2004-05-31 株式会社村田製作所 共振器、フィルタ、デュプレクサ、通信機装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2513761A (en) * 1945-06-14 1950-07-04 Hazeltine Research Inc Wave-signal selector system
US4292610A (en) * 1979-01-26 1981-09-29 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Temperature compensated coaxial resonator having inner, outer and intermediate conductors

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Publication number Publication date
EP2270926A1 (fr) 2011-01-05
ATE554514T1 (de) 2012-05-15

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