EP2268191B1 - Augenmesssysteme - Google Patents

Augenmesssysteme Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2268191B1
EP2268191B1 EP09725374A EP09725374A EP2268191B1 EP 2268191 B1 EP2268191 B1 EP 2268191B1 EP 09725374 A EP09725374 A EP 09725374A EP 09725374 A EP09725374 A EP 09725374A EP 2268191 B1 EP2268191 B1 EP 2268191B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
angle
capsular bag
size
sizing
angle indicator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09725374A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2268191A1 (de
Inventor
Jim Deacon
Edward Geraghty
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson and Johnson Surgical Vision Inc
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Abbott Medical Optics Inc
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Publication of EP2268191A1 publication Critical patent/EP2268191A1/de
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Publication of EP2268191B1 publication Critical patent/EP2268191B1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/1005—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for measuring distances inside the eye, e.g. thickness of the cornea
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Detecting, measuring or recording devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/107—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof
    • A61B5/1076—Measuring physical dimensions, e.g. size of the entire body or parts thereof for measuring dimensions inside body cavities, e.g. using catheters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
    • A61F2/16—Intraocular lenses
    • A61F2/1694—Capsular bag spreaders therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B3/00—Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B3/56—Gauges for measuring angles or tapers, e.g. conical calipers
    • G01B3/563—Protractors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
    • A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
    • A61B3/117—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for examining the anterior chamber or the anterior chamber angle, e.g. gonioscopes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to devices, systems, and methods for making and using ocular measurements, more particular for maldng and using ocular measurements of a cavity size within an eye such as the capsular bag of a human eye.
  • the accommodating intraocular lens is generally inserted into a capsular bag, a transparent structure of an eye that houses the natural lens and generally remains in the eye after the natural lens has been surgically removed.
  • the accommodating intraocular lens changes its power and/or axial location in response to a squeezing and/or expanding force applied to the lens by the capsular bag via the ciliary muscle.
  • the capsular bag size may vary patient-to-patient or eye-to-eye of the same patient, and if the bag is larger or smaller than expected, the lens may end up slightly expanded or squeezed upon implantation. This, in turn, may result in a shift in the nominal base power and/or a reduction in the accommodation range.
  • the capsular bag diameter is a desirable and useful quantity, it is also quite difficult to measure accurately.
  • ultrasound may be useful for determining the central thickness of the natural crystalline lens, it is not generally versatile enough to image the entire lens, and cannot reliably read out to the perimeter of the lens.
  • CTR capsular tension ring
  • capsular bag size there have been attempts to correlate capsular bag size with other eye properties that can be measured more easily. See, for instance, C. VASS, R. MENAPACE, K. SCHMETTERER, O. FINDL, G. RAINER AND I. STEINECK, "Prediction of pseudophakic capsular bag diameter based on biométrie variables," J Cataract Refract Surg, October 1999, pp. 1376-1381, Vol. 25 , which represents the basis of the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • measurements of capsular bag diameter were taken on a sample of patients, using the CTR noted above.
  • measurements of corneal power and axial length were taken on the same patients, using known methods.
  • a regression analysis of the measurements produced a statistically significant correlation between capsular bag diameter and corneal power and axial length, but not with a sufficient accuracy for predicting the required size of an accommodating intraocular lens.
  • a Koch capsule measuring ring is inserted into the eye.
  • the ring is an incomplete circle, with appendices on each end, so that when the ring is inserted into the capsular bag, the separation between the appendices is related to the capsular bag circumference.
  • the ring is left in the eye after the measurement is taken, which may be undesirable.
  • the measurement of the appendix separation may be disadvantageous for two reasons.
  • the measurement is taken at the peripheral edge of the eye, which is a difficult region for eye measurements.
  • the region to be measured might be outside the area of the pupil, and might require the use of a slit lamp, or unusual and undesirable handling of the pupil.
  • the measurement may have to be taken through the microscope, which may have a zoom feature or a variable focal length that may further complicate a linear dimension measurement.
  • WO 01/54569 A1 discloses a device and a method for detecting the radius or an equivalent variable of the chamber angle on an eye.
  • the measuring device comprises an insertion body which can be inserted into the interior chamber through an opening in the cornea.
  • the measuring device also comprises a detection unit that is situated on the insertion body or is functionally coupled therewith and is configured in such a way that the relative position of at least two points of said surface, especially the distance thereof, can be detected.
  • US 2008/0269642 A1 discloses an angle indicator for capsular bag size measurement comprising a ring that has a central component, which changes shape as the ring is compressed.
  • the shape change is generally correlated to the size of the capsular bag and may be measured visually or with a camera through the cornea, the measurement being generally independent of corneal magnification.
  • FIG. 5 is a plot of capsular bag diameter versus measured angle A, for a variety of straight segment lengths, for the approximate geometry of FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 7 is an isometric drawing of a protractor according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 a set of views of the protractor of FIG. 7 .
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of a sizing gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a plan view of a sizing gauge according to an embodiment of the present invention that includes a handle or grip.
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention where a sizing gauge is disposed over an angle indicator placed within the capsular bag of a subject eye.
  • FIG. 12 is a plan view of another embodiment of a sizing gauge incorporating a plurality of linear marks or line segments.
  • FIG. 13 is a plan view of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention where the sizing gauge of FIG. 12 is disposed over an angle indicator placed within the capsular bag of a subject eye.
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a sizing gauge that comprises two notches or wedge-shaped portions.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a kit or set of sizing gauges like the sizing gauge shown in FIG. 14 .
  • FIG. 16 is a front view of a kit or set of sizing gauges like the sizing gauge shown in FIG. 14 that are joined together to facilitate choosing different gauges during use.
  • Implantation of an intraocular lens in an eye may require the accurate measurement of the size, position, or other property of the capsular bag of the eye.
  • Embodiments of the present invention are generally directed devices, systems, and methods for determining the size, extent, location, or physical property of a capsular bag or other cavities of a subject eye. While such devices, systems, and methods may be used in conjunction with any intraocular lens or similar device to be placed within a capsular bag, embodiments of the present invention may be particularly useful when used with accommodating intraocular lenses, where function of the intraocular lens may be particularly sensitive to fit of the lens inside the capsular bag.
  • the natural crystalline lens is surgically removed and a size indicator is subsequently inserted into the capsular bag for measuring a size or other property of the capsular bag.
  • size means the extent of an object and includes at least the diameter, circumference, cross-sectional area, and volume of an object (e.g., of the capsular bag of an eye).
  • the term "size indicator” means a physical device that changes size or shape when placed inside the capsular bag of an eye, or some other part of an eye, and is configured to allow an estimate or measurement of a size of the size indicator itself and/or a size, shape, or physical property of the capsular bag or cavity into which the device is placed, the estimate or measurement being based on a visible size or shape of one or more elements of the size indicator.
  • the size indicator may be used for determining the position of the capsular bag, for example, relative to the pupil of the eye. When a size of a capsular bag is measured or estimated, the size may be an actual size of a capsular bag at the time of the measurement or a size of the capsular upon or after implantation of an intraocular lens or similar ophthalmic device.
  • the size indicator is visually inspected by a user to make an estimate of size of the size indicator and/or the capsular bag or other part of the eye.
  • a geometric feature of the size indicator may be compared to a feature of a measurement device or to a template showing different configurations of the geometric feature being inspected.
  • the size indicator is part of a measurement system that also includes a measurement device configured for estimating or measuring a size of one or more elements of the measurement device, either by eye or using a digitized image and analysis software or algorithms.
  • the size indicator is an angle indicator.
  • angle indicator is a size indicator in which an angle between two elements or arms of the angle indicator may be observed, estimated, or measured in order to determine a size of the angle indicator itself and/or a size or other property of a capsular bag or other part of an eye into which the angle indicator is placed.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an exemplary method 10 for using an angle indicator for replacing a lens in the capsular bag of an eye.
  • a lens is removed from a capsular bag of an eye.
  • the removed lens may be the natural crystalline lens of the eye, which may have become opaque due to cataracts or become damaged by some other disease or injury.
  • the removed lens may be an existing intraocular lens that is being replaced.
  • the lens is removed in a surgical procedure in which the lens is broken up and vacuumed out of the eye.
  • the capsular bag, which supports the lens before removal, is generally retained for support of the replacement lens.
  • the replacement lens may be an intraocular lens, such as an accommodating intraocular lens, which relies on forces transferred by the zonular fibers in the eye to the capsular bag and/or on forces produced by a resiliency of the capsular bag itself. These forces can change the power and/or location of the lens by change the lens shape and/or translating one or both of the lens surfaces.
  • the ocular force exerted by the ciliary muscle, capsular bag, and/or zonular fibers is generally limited, and typically the accommodating intraocular lens is designed to use this limited force to change power to cover all or part of a desired range of accommodation for the eye.
  • the intraocular lens may be quite sensitive to compressive or expansive forces applied to its equator.
  • a particular accommodating intraocular lens may be designed to work optimally for a specific capsular bag size or size range. If the patient's capsular bag is larger or smaller than expected, the intraocular lens may experience a shift in nominal power, or a truncation of the accommodation range, which may be undesirable. Accordingly, it may be useful during a surgical procedure to accurately measure the size of the capsular bag, so that an intraocular lens may be selected for implantation that corresponds to the actual size of the capsular bag or provides a predetermined fit within the capsular bag.
  • an angle indicator is inserted into the capsular bag.
  • the angle indicator may optionally be inserted in a folded state.
  • the angle indicator is expanded to coincide with a size or diameter of the capsular bag. If the angle indicator is inserted in a folded state, it may be first unfolded to reach its full size.
  • the capsular bag material is flexible, so that it may be bent and reshaped. It may be relatively straightforward to position the angle indicator, which may be generally ring-shaped, along the equator of the capsular bag. Typically, some gentle, back-and-forth motions applied by the surgeon are sufficient to move the angle indicator to lie along the equator of the capsular bag.
  • the shape of the empty capsular bag is such that it may be well-approximated as circular when viewed from the front. Any azimuthal errors in the positioning of the angle indicator generally do not significantly affect the angular reading from the angle indicator, or the measured value for the capsular bag size.
  • the angle may be formed from the intersection of two generally straight elements on the angle indicator.
  • the intersection is substantially centrally disposed within the pupil of an eye into which it has been placed, for example, to aid in measuring the angle thus formed.
  • the straight elements of the angle indicator may be relatively long (e.g., to provide a predetermined sensitivity), wherein the intersection between the two generally straight elements may be near the edge of the pupil or outside the pupil.
  • the angle may be seen visually by the surgeon or by a camera or microscope trained on the subject eye.
  • the angle may be determined by producing an electronic or digital image of the angle indicator and processing the image using software or algorithms to analyze the image.
  • the angle indicator may be removed from the capsular bag of the eye.
  • the angle indicator may be folded upon itself for removal, which is especially convenient if the angle indicator is inserted in the folded state.
  • the angle indicator may be broken or separated into segments, and then the segment may be removed through the incision in the eye.
  • the angle indicator includes cutaways on its posterior surface, or other location, which may allow sectioning in vivo for removal of the angle indicator.
  • the read angle is converted to a capsular bag size or other property of the capsular bag.
  • the size may be reported as a diameter, or, equivalently, as a circumference.
  • the conversion may be done by reading values off a printed table, by reading values off a graph, by plugging the read angle into a predictive formula, by a computer, or directly by comparing the angle to a dedicated device.
  • the location of the capsular bag may be determined within the eye, for example, relative to the location of the pupil or the macula.
  • an intraocular lens may be selected or otherwise specified (e.g., the parameters of a custom lens may be specified).
  • the lens selection or specification may be based in part on the capsular bag size, as well as on other data, such as the required lens power, an available amount of accommodative force, and/or a targeted range of accommodation.
  • intraocular lenses for a given required nominal lens power, there may be several intraocular lenses available, each sized for a particular capsular bag diameter.
  • the available lenses may be part of a kit, with diameter spacings of 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.15 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.05 mm, or any suitable value.
  • the exact size value given from element 16 may not be exactly available in the kit, and the surgeon or practitioner may have to round off to the nearest size that is available in the kit or specify a custom lens.
  • the intraocular lens may have an adapter that can be attached to the circumference of the lens, which allows a single lens to be used with multiple sizes of capsular bags.
  • the intraocular lens may itself be adjustable, for instance, with an adjustable haptic that can couple a particular optic to a capsular bag sized within a particular range.
  • the selected lens may be surgically implanted in the capsular bag.
  • element 15 follows element 14, and elements 16 and 17 follow element 14, but elements 16 and 17 need not follow element 15.
  • element 15 may follow element 17, which follows element 16, which follows element 14.
  • the conversion of the read angle to a capsular bag size and the selection of a lens based on the capsular bag size are essentially independent of removal of the angle indicator from the capsular bag, and these elements may be performed in any suitable order.
  • the angle indicator 30 comprises a broken ring or incomplete annulus 31, with the broken portion of the ring replaced by two arms, segments, or straight sections 32 and 33 that connect to the broken ring 31 and are hingedly connected to each other at a location within the interior of the broken ring 31.
  • the angle indicator is inserted into the capsular bag and the ring 31 expands until it is coincident with a diameter of the capsular bag. As the ring itself expands and contracts, the angle between the two segments increases and decreases.
  • the angle indicator 30 is generally configured to provide an indication or measurement of a capsular bag size or other property independent, or at least substantially independent, of corneal or camera magnifications.
  • the size indicator 30 extends into the center of the capsular bag and is compliant, so that it may be safely removed by grasping the central features and withdrawing it from the capsular bag. Additionally or alternatively, the size indicator 30 may be used for sizing other portions of the eye such as the sulcus or anterior chamber of the eye.
  • the shape or shape change may be measured visually by eye, with or without the use of an external gauge or template, or may be measured using a camera and associated image processing software.
  • the angle indicator 30 is designed so that a relatively small change in diameter of the ring 31 produces a relatively large change in angle between arms 32, 33.
  • three exemplary diameters D1, D2 and D3, are shown in FIG. 3 , along with their corresponding angles A1, A2 and A3.
  • the relationship between measured angle and ring (and, therefore, capsular bag) diameter is shown in the exemplary plot in FIG. 3 .
  • the relationship need not be truly linear, as shown in FIG. 3 , but may have any suitable increasing relationship, such as a quadratic or more complex polynomial relationship.
  • the practitioner inserts the angle indicator 30 into the capsular bag, expands the angle indicator 30 to fill the capsular bag, reads the angular value from angle indicator 30, and converts the read angular value to a capsular bag diameter, or equivalently, circumference.
  • the angle is viewable near the center of the pupil of the lens, rather than only at the edge of the pupil or the edge of the capsular bag. This reduces the need for unusual viewing techniques, or extra handling of the pupil, and may help reduce distortion of the angle when viewed through the patient's cornea.
  • the angle indicator 30 remains substantially round, for all angles/diameters within a particular range. This is accomplished by varying the radial thickness of the ring, with a maximum thickness opposite the two segments, and a minimum thickness in the regions adjacent to the joints that attach the straight segments to the rest of the ring. This is shown more clearly in FIG. 2 .
  • the incomplete annulus 31 of the angle indicator 30 may optionally have a varying radial thickness around its circumference. Adjacent to the hinges 34 and 35, the radial thickness 36 may be its minimum. The radial thickness may increase farther away from the hinges 34 and 35, reaching an intermediate value 37 partially around the ring, and may finally reach a maximum value 38 directly opposite and between the hinges 34 and 35. Alternatively, the radial thickness may be constant around its circumference, or may vary in a manner other than the exemplary manner described above.
  • the out-of-plane thickness is essentially constant along the incomplete annulus 31 and segments 32 and 33.
  • the corners may be rounded, or may be un-rounded.
  • the variation in radial thickness around the ring helps ensure that the incomplete annulus stays essentially round, even as the angle between the straight segments 32 and 33 varies.
  • the diameter dimensions D1, D2 and D3 in FIG. 3 are truly diameters, and the outermost shapes of the angle indicators are essentially round at each of the three sizes shown.
  • the angle indicator 30 retains its round periphery as it is compressed.
  • the radial thickness of the angle indicator 30 may remain essentially constant around the ring, and the out-of-plane thickness may vary along the ring.
  • both the radial thickness and the out-of-plane thickness may vary around the ring and/or the radial thickness may remain constant but the material modulus or strength may vary along the ring, for example, being stiffer away from the hinges.
  • the hinges 34 and 35 may be formed integrally as weakened portions of the angle indicator 30.
  • the hinges 34 and 35 are formed at regions of reduced in-plane thickness at the intersections of the straight segments 32 and 33 with the incomplete annulus 31. As such, the hinges 34 and 35 may bend freely in the in-plane direction, allowing the angle indicator to freely expand and contract to attain its maximum size inside the capsular bag.
  • the hinges 34 and 35 may be configured to preclude or reduce movement of the two segments 32, 33 out of the plane of the angle indicator 30.
  • the angle indicator 30 may be made integrally as a single unit, or may be made from several pieces that are assembled. The assembled pieces may be made from the same or from different materials.
  • the segments 32, 33 are joined to each other by a third hinge 39, formed by an in-plane thickness reduction, also permits free in-plane movement of the segments 32, 33 with respect to each other. The helps to provide free diametric expansion and compression of the angle indicator 30 and restricts out-of-plane movement.
  • the segments 32 and 33 are shown in the figures as being entirely straight. In practice, there may be some curvature to all or a portion of either or both of the segments. For instance, there may be some local waviness to all or a portion of the segments 32 and 33. Alternatively, there may be a more global curvature, having a radius on the order of or larger than the angle indicator radius. In one embodiment of the angle indicator, the segments 32 and 33 are straight throughout.
  • the angle indicator 30 may measure capsular bags having a size larger than the incision through which the angle indicator is inserted.
  • the angle indicator may measure capsular bag diameters on the order of 11 mm.
  • the diameter of the angle indicator in an uncompressed state is at least about 9 millimeters in diameter, but may be between about 8 millimeters and about 15 millimeters, preferably between about 9 millimeters and about 12 millimeters.
  • the diameter of the angle indicator in an uncompressed state has a nominal value of 11 mm or about 11 mm (i.e., 11 mm plus or minus 0.5 mm).
  • the angle indicator 30 may be compressed in an injector or folded upon itself during insertion (and later, during extraction), and may be unfolded and expanded for performing the measurement.
  • the angle indicator When used in conj unction with an accommodating intraocular lens, the angle indicator is configured to fit through an incision in the eye that is less than about 5 millimeters, preferably less than 4 millimeters. In other embodiments, for example when used with an intraocular lens that does not provide accommodation, the angle indicator is configured to fit through an incision in the eye that is less than about 3 millimeters, preferably less than 2 millimeters.
  • angle indicator 30 During insertion and positioning of the angle indicator 30, it may be beneficial to gently "force open” the straight segments 32 and 33 of the angle indicator 30. This may be accomplished by applying a force on or near the rear (essentially flat) side of the hinge 39, directed outward from the ring, toward the opening between the segments.
  • the force may be applied by the practitioner using the equipment that is typically used to position objects during surgery, such as a hook or forceps. Because the force may be applied directly to angle indicator 30, there may be no need for extra holes or tabs for this purpose, although holes and/or tabs may optionally be used.
  • the angle indicator 30 is configured to produce a relatively small force when placed within a capsular bag.
  • the force produced by the angle indicator 30 when the diameter is compressed 2 millimeters may be between about 0.5 gram and about 20 grams, preferably between about 0.5 gram and 5 grams.
  • Such low forces may beneficially reduce the possibility of damaging the capsular bag during use of the angle indicator 30, but may require manipulation by the practitioner to insure that the incomplete annulus 31 fully engages the equatorial region of the capsular bag.
  • a higher force may be used to ensure positive engagement of the equatorial region of the capsular bag with a minimal amount of adjustment by a practitioner, for example, a force of between about 10 grams and about 30 grams or more.
  • the length of the segments 32 and 33 may be varied, so that the hinge that joins them may fall on either side of the center of the ring at its nominal position. As the segment length is increased, the angle becomes easier for the practitioner to read during use, although the sensitivity is decreased. Likewise, as the segment length is decreased, the angle becomes more difficult for the practitioner to read during use, but the sensitivity is increased. In practice, the designer of ordinary skill in the art understands this trade-off, and may design an angle indicator 30 with a suitable range of operation, a suitable sensitivity, and a suitable ease of angle viewing.
  • each angle indicator may be used for capsular bag diameters in the range of 9 to 10 mm, and another angle indicator may be used for the range 10 to 11 mm.
  • 9 to 10 mm the range of 9 to 10 mm
  • 10 to 11 mm the range of 9 to 10 mm
  • the angle may be measured from roughly the center of the pupil, there is generally little distortion of the angle caused by the cornea. If the cornea imparts a magnification an image of the segments forming the angle, the segments themselves may appear to grow or shrink in size, but the angle between the segments remains essentially unchanged. This holds for a wide range of cornea radii, and a wide range of magnifications caused by the cornea.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary geometry for one embodiment of an angle indicator.
  • Both the length of the incomplete annulus and the length of each straight segment may be related to a "closed diameter" D 0 , which is the diameter of the angle indicator when the segments are parallel, or "closed".
  • the length of the incomplete annulus is ⁇ D 0
  • the length of each straight segment is qD 0 , where q is a dimensionless quantity than can between 0 and 1.
  • q is 0.5
  • the straight segments extend to exactly the center of the ring when the ring is "closed”.
  • q 1
  • the straight segments extend all the way to the opposite end of the ring when the ring is "closed”.
  • the straight segments are infinitesimally small.
  • the angle indicator expands to a diameter of D, with a measured angle A between the straight segments.
  • Length y and angle A are mathematical constructs. We attempt to solve for A in terms of D.
  • FIG. 5 is a graph of the above equation, which predicts capsular bag diameter D versus measured angle A, for several values of q.
  • q is related to both sensitivity and dynamic range. For relatively short straight segments (low q), there is high sensitivity and low dynamic range. Similarly, for relatively long straight segments (high q), there is low sensitivity and high dynamic range.
  • the vertex, or intersection between the straight segments is located at or near the center of the ring for at least part of the range of use.
  • the circles superimposed on the various plotted curves in FIG. 5 show the operating condition at which the vertex is at the center of the ring. Note that for short segments (q ⁇ 0.5), there is no condition under which the vertex can be located in the center of the ring; these segments are just too short to extend to the center, regardless of angle A.
  • FIG. 6 we choose a convenient set of numbers, which are merely exemplary and are not intended to be limiting in any way. For instance, if we wish to measure capsular bags having a diameter in the range of 11 mm to 13 mm, we use an angle indicator having a "closed" diameter of 10 mm and a short segment length of 6 mm, and detect angles between 30 and 90 degrees. If our detection scheme allows us to detect angle A to the nearest 15 degrees, we may measure the diameter of the capsular bag to the nearest 0.5 mm (based on the 10 mm diameter of the angle indicator). These values are merely exemplary, and any lengths and diameters may be scaled upwards or downwards. Other suitable values may also be used.
  • the discussion thus far has focused primarily on the angle indicator 30, which generates an angle as a function of the capsular bag size or shape.
  • the following paragraphs focus primarily on measurement devices for estimating or measuring the angle between arms 32, 33 of the angle indicator 30 or other size indicators.
  • the term "measurement device” means any device or system suitable for measuring or estimating a size or location of a size indicator or angle indicator disposed within an eye, for example, by measuring or estimating an angular or linear dimension of one or more elements of the size indicator or angle indicator.
  • the measurement device may, for example, be a sizing gauge, an image processing system, software package, or the like.
  • the measurement device may include software, hardware, firmware, or algorithms suitable for providing a measurement or estimate of a size or location of a size indicator or angle indicator.
  • sizing gauge means a physical measurement device suitable for providing an estimate or measurement of a size or location of a size indicator or angle indicator.
  • a sizing gauge may be a template, chart, set of reference images, reticle, protractor, or the like.
  • a sizing gauge includes a flexible sheet that may be placed on the eye (e.g., a contact lens) having marks configured for measuring or estimating a dimension of a size indicator or angle indicator.
  • a sizing gauge may include a calibrated reticle or protractor, which may be used for visual inspection by eye, or used with an optical instrument, such as a microscope or a camera.
  • the sizing gauge may include angular increments on the reticle or protractor may include one half degree, one degree, five degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees, 40 degrees, 45 degrees, or any suitable increment.
  • the sizing gauge may be marked with indicia that correspond directly to the capsular bag size or appropriate ranges corresponding to available implant sizes.
  • protractor means a device that can read, measure, or indicate an angle of a size indicator or angle indicator, either by visual inspection or by electronic means.
  • the protractor 70 has a generally circular ring 71 that is sized to rest on the cornea to allow measurement of the angle from the angle indicator.
  • the ring 71 is small enough to fit on the eye of the patient, and large enough to surround the pupil of the eye.
  • a typical range of diameters for the protractor ring may be from about 3 mm to about 12 mm, or from about 5 mm to about 8 mm.
  • the straight segments 32 and 33 of the angle indicator 30 are viewable from roughly the center of the pupil, rather than requiring a measurement taken at the edge of the capsular bag.
  • ring 71 of the protractor need not extend all the way to the edge of the capsular bag or to the edge of the cornea.
  • the ring 71 may optionally have rounded or chamfered edges that may reduce the risk of scratching the cornea.
  • the protractor 70 has a reference portion 72 that has radial edges 73 and 77.
  • the reference portion 72 generally extends out of the plane of the ring 71, so that it may rest upon or extend over the cornea, which is curved.
  • the intersection of radial edges 73 and 77 may fall at or near the center of the ring 71, and/or at the intersection of the straight segments 32 and 33 (e.g., at the hinge 39).
  • the reference portion 72 may deform so that this intersection of radial edges 73 and 77 may lie away from the center when the protractor is not in use.
  • the protractor is rigid, so that the protractor roughly maintains its shape before, during and after use.
  • the reference portion 72 may extend out of the plane of the ring 71 in its relaxed state before use.
  • the reference portion may 72 may be located roughly in the plane of the ring 71 before use, and may pivot in the anterior direction during use. The pivoting may occur around a weakened portion of the reference portion, which may include an optional hole, opening, or void area 81.
  • the void area 81 may have a more complex shape that the hole shown in FIG. 7 , for example, to provide a weakened zone with predetermined bending characteristics or to avoid confusion that the void area 81 represents an alignment mark with the straight segments 32 and 33.
  • the protractor 70 is flexible, and may be draped onto the cornea of the eye. Such a flexible protractor conforms generally to the shape of the cornea, without significantly deforming in the plane of the protractor.
  • the protractor 70 may be made from a largely transparent material, and may include markings or features that indicate predetermined angle values.
  • the protractor 70 may include a central feature that may be overlaid with the hinge 39 during use, and various angular features, such as reticle marks or other radial lines or features.
  • the protractor may be formed on or be made integral with a contact lens that is placed onto the cornea during use.
  • the protractor 70 of FIG. 7 is positioned during use so that one of the radial edges 73 and 77 lines up with one of the straight segments 32 and 33.
  • the other straight segment falls elsewhere around the circumference of the ring, and may fall near one of several calibration features, such as notches, tabs, holes, extensions, annotations, colors or members.
  • straight segment 33 may fall near one of feature 74, feature 75 or feature 76.
  • the features may be in calibrated increments, such as 30 degrees, 20 degrees, 15 degrees, 10 degrees, 5 degrees, 1 degree or less, or any suitable increment. For instance, if the increment is 30 degrees between each of the features 74-76, then if the straight segment 32 falls closest to the feature 74, then the angle of the indicator is closest to 30 degrees. Similarly, if the straight segment 32 falls closest to the feature 76, then the angle of the indicator is closest to 90 degrees.
  • a second set of radial edge 77 and features 78-80 which may be used equally as well as the first set of radial edge 73 and features 74-76.
  • the second set may be calibrated with the same angular increment as the first, or with a different angular increment as the first.
  • the features may be evenly or unevenly spaced.
  • the protractor 70 may be removed from the cornea of the patient.
  • the protractor 70 may be removed by grasping it with the hole 81, or by an optional elevated feature or tab (not shown).
  • a more conventional protractor may be used, with notches, tick marks, lines, or other visual cues extending around the circumference at a prescribed interval, such as every 30 degrees, or any other suitable interval.
  • This more conventional protractor may lack the reference portion 72.
  • the protractor may be made from a soft material that is draped over the cornea or rests on the facial tissue that surrounds the eye, rather than on the eye itself.
  • the angle may be measured from an image formed of the eye on a screen or in software.
  • Both the angle indicator 30 and the protractor 70 may be made from any suitable biocompatible and flexible materials. For instance, either or both may be made from silicone or any polymeric material, PMMA, or any other suitable material. In one embodiment, the material or materials used may be moldable, and may not be hydrophilic. In one embodiment, the material is sterilizable by autoclave, by ETO, or by any suitable sterilization process.
  • the angle indicator 30 and protractor 70 may be made from the same or from different materials. Either or both angle indicator 30 and protractor 70 may be made of a transparent or translucent material. Alternatively, either or both angle indicator 30 and protractor 70 may be made of a tinted, opaque or fluorescing material, so that they may easily be read visually. In one embodiment, the angle indicator and protractor may be supplied in pre-sterilized, sealed packages that accompany an intraocular lens. Both the angle indicator and protractor may be unsealed when needed, and disposed of once a measurement has been taken.
  • either or both the angle indicator 30 and the protractor 70 may be configured for single-use or a limited number of uses.
  • the protractor 70 may be made of an autoclavable material for reuse in subsequent procedures, while the angle indicator 30 is made of a disposable material that is discarded after one use or after use on a single subject.
  • the angle indicator 30 or a set of angle indicators 30 may be shipped in a sterile condition along with an intraocular lens to be inserted into a subject eye.
  • each set may be used for a size range of 9 to 10 mm, and another set may be used for a size range of 10 to 11 mm.
  • Each set may be color-coded so that the particular protractor is easily associated with its corresponding angle indicator, and the measured angles are easily associated with their proper measured capsular bag sizes.
  • there may be other identifying characteristics for matched sets of angle indicators and protractors such as texture, etching, surface characteristics, ridges and so forth.
  • an electronic or digital image of the angle indicator 30 in the eye and/or the protractor 70 is produced.
  • the digital image may be captured and processed using a computer or other electronic system in order to determine the angle between the two straight sections 32 and 33.
  • the resulting digital representation may be used to increase the accuracy of the angle measurement, as a cross-check to a manual measurement, or to provide other information (e.g., the location of the angle indicator and/or capsular bag within the eye, or to determine a change in size of the capsular bag, as discussed in greater detail below).
  • the outer edges of the angle indicator may expand through viscoelastic/OVD in the capsular bag.
  • the straight segments, or central arms, of the angle indicator may extend past the center of the angle indicator. These longer straight segments may fill a larger area of the pupil, and may provide an easier measurement than smaller or shorter straight segments.
  • the angle indicator may be inserted into the capsular bag by an injector.
  • the angle indicator may include a tether, so that the angle indicator may be more easily withdrawn after the measurement has been taken.
  • the withdrawing may be done directly by the tether.
  • the tether may attach the angle indicator to an injector, so that the withdrawal may be done by the injector.
  • the angle indicator may include one or more loops on the straight segments or on the incomplete annulus that extend in the anterior direction (i.e., away from the patient's eye), for positioning and removal of the angle indicator.
  • the flexural characteristics of the straight segments, or arms, their bases, and/or the central hinge may be "tuned” in shape or stiffness, so that the angle indicator may stay round over a wide range of compression.
  • the angle indicator 30 is made of a silicone material having a hardness of between about 70 durometer and about 80 durometer which approximately corresponds to a modulus of elasticity that may provide a desired compressive force when the angle indicator is placed within a capsular bag.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the angle indicator material e.g., silicone or acrylic
  • the width of the various angle indicator sections may be varied, so that reliable measurements may be made without excessively stretching the capsular bag.
  • the angle indicator 30 may be used to determine or estimate the resiliency of the capsular bag into which it is implanted.
  • the angle indicator 30 may be made of a material having a relatively high modulus of elasticity and/or may be otherwise configured to be relatively resilient or stiff.
  • two or more angle indicators 30 may be used.
  • a first angle indicator 30' may be inserted into the capsular bag that produces a relatively low force on the capsular bag (e.g., between about 0.1 gram to about 10 grams of force).
  • the first angle indicator 30' may be used to determine the size of the capsular bag when in a substantially unstressed state, as described in greater detail above.
  • the first angle indicator 30' may then be removed from the eye and replaced by a second angle indicator 30" that is stiffer than the first angle indicator 30', thus producing a higher, radially outward force (e.g., in the range of about 5 grams to about 30 grams or more) when compressed by about the same amount as the first angle indicator 30'. Due to the increased force on the capsular bag, the bag is stretched by the second angle indicator 30" and thus produces a different bag size measurement.
  • the second angle indicator 30" additionally or alternatively has a diameter that is greater than the first angle indicator 30', thereby increasing the force produced on the capsular bag compared to that produced by the first angle indicator 30'.
  • angle indicators 30', 30" may be advantageously used to provide a different radially outward force and/or to determine the resiliency of the capsular bag.
  • a single angle indicator 30 may be used that remains in the capsular bag; however, the size of the angle indicator 30 and/or on the capsule wall may be changed by increasing or decreasing the radially outward force of the incomplete annulus 31 or exerted on the incomplete annulus 31.
  • the change in force may be produced by changing the resiliency of the angle indicator 30 and/or by inserting another device or apparatus that applies additional force on the equatorial region of the capsular bag and/or angle indicator 30.
  • a surgeon may change the outward force on the incomplete annulus 31 by using one or more probes or other devices to push or pull at one or more locations on the incomplete annulus 31.
  • the difference in size is induced, the resulting size difference may be measured and used to calculate a resiliency of the capsular bag and/or estimate the amount of accommodative force available for accommodation.
  • the change is size is quantitatively measured to determine a resiliency or other property of the capsular bag.
  • the change in size may be qualitatively assessed so that the surgeon may broadly characterize a resiliency or other property of the capsular bag.
  • the angle indicator 30 is implanted within a capsular bag and the force produced by the ciliary muscle is changed in order to measure a change in the size and/or amount of force produced by the capsular bag.
  • a muscarinic agent such as a muscarinic agonist or a muscarinic antagonist may be used to alter the amount of accommodative force produced by the eye, as disclosed in USPN 6,598,606 or US Patent Application Number 2005/0251254 .
  • a plurality of angle indicators 30 is provided in the form of a kit, with each angle indicator 30 having a different elasticity or tensile strength.
  • kit may be used to determine the elasticity of a particular evacuated capsular bag, in order to best determine the most compatible accommodating intraocular lens.
  • the angle indicators 30 are provided in a kit, with each angle indicator 30 having a different axial thickness.
  • Such a kit may help match the measurement of the capsular bag size to the axial thickness of the intended implanted intraocular lens, both at the edge of the lens and centrally.
  • the arms 32, 33 include overlapping, curved vernier extensions.
  • arm 32 may include one or more tangentially-curved extensions that protrude toward arm 33
  • arm 33 may also include one or more tangentially-curved extensions that protrude toward arm 32, with the tangentially-curved extensions being located next to each other. In this manner, the angle may be read directly from the extensions, rather than with an additional external device such as a measurement device or sizing gauge.
  • the incomplete annulus 31 may include extensions or tabs protruding from one or both of the straight segments 32, 33 and disposed along the circumference of, and in the plane of, the incomplete annulus 31. These optional extensions may help maintain the capsular circularity in the region between the straight segments 32, 33.
  • the angle indicator 30, or variations thereof may be used for other fields as well, such as measuring the diameters and stenosis of body cavities, especially in endoscopic and catheter-based procedures for sizing shunts and implants.
  • the angle indicator allows estimation of a particular diameter, regardless of viewing magnification. This may also be used in the fields of interventional cardiology, as well as vascular, bariatric and gastroenteric surgeries.
  • the angle indicator 30, or variations thereof may also be used to measure the size of the anterior chamber or other cavities of the eye.
  • a sizing gauge 102 is configured for measuring or estimating a size of a size indicator (e.g., the angle indicator 30) or for measuring or estimating a size or other characteristic of a capsular bag or other cavity into which a size indicator is inserted. Where applicable, the sizing gauge 102 incorporate features and functions of the protractor 70 discussed above, or visa versa.
  • the sizing gauge 102 is part of a measurement system comprising an angle indicator 90 and the sizing gauge 102, the system configured for measuring a size or other characteristic of a capsular bag of an eye.
  • the angle indicator 90 may be similar or equal to the angle indicator 30.
  • the angle indicator 90 includes a peripheral portion 92 configured to contact a capsular bag of a subject eye and a pair of arms 94 operably coupled to the peripheral portion 92 and joined at an intersection of the arms 94.
  • the arms 94 are configured so that an angle formed by the arms 94 varies in response to a size of the capsular bag and/or other property, such as a resiliency or elasticity of the capsular bag.
  • the sizing gauge 102 comprises a body 110 having a front surface 112.
  • Various features of sizing gauge 102 are visible when viewed from in front of the front surface 112, these features being useful for measuring an angle of the angle indicator 90 or similar device. Any or all of these features may be disposed on the front surface 112 and/or on a surface of the sizing gauge 102 that is opposite the front surface 112. Alternatively, at least some of the features may be disposed between front and back surfaces of the sizing gauge 102, for example, on a laminate surface that is between front and back surfaces of the sizing gauge 102.
  • the sizing gauge 102 includes an inner portion 115, an outer portion 118, and a border or boundary 120 disposed therebetween.
  • the boundary 120 is configured to provide a comparison, estimate, or measurement of an angle of the arms 92 of the angle indicator 90 when the sizing gauge 102 is disposed in front of the angle indicator 90.
  • the sizing gauge 102 may comprise a handle or grip 128, as illustrated in FIG. 10 for the sizing gauge 102'.
  • the handle 128 may be sized and configured to allow the sizing gauge 102' to be held by a practitioner in order to move the sizing gauge 102' into a desired location and orientation in front of the angle indicator 90.
  • the handle 128 may be configured to be held by a robotic or automated positioning device that is controlled either by an electronic controller configured to move the sizing gauge 102 relative to the angle indicator 90.
  • the sizing gauge 102, 102' may be made of a metal or polymer material, or any material suitable for a clinical environment and providing necessary physical properties.
  • the sizing gauge 102, 102' may be made of a single material or may comprises different materials.
  • the handle 128 of the sizing gauge 102' may be made of a different material than the rest of the sizing gauge 102'.
  • all or portions of the sizing gauge may be made of a transparent or substantially transparent material, for example, in order to facilitate viewing of the angle indicator 90 when used therewith.
  • the inner portion 115 may be an opening or aperture 124 in the body 110, wherein the boundary 120 is an inside edge of sizing gauge 102.
  • the outer portion 118 may be made of either a transparent material or an opaque material.
  • the aperture 124 and the boundary 120 are configured to allow the angle between the pair of arms 94 of the angle indicator 90 to be estimated or measured.
  • the inner and outer portions 115, 118 are made of a common or similar material, wherein the boundary 120 is a border between the portions 115, 118.
  • the inner and outer portions 115, 118 may both be made of a transparent, semi-transparent, or clear material, wherein the border 120 may be dark, opaque, or otherwise configured to allow delineation between the inner and outer portions 115, 118.
  • at least one of the portions 115, 118 may be opaque, colored, translucent, frosted, darkened, or only partially transparent, while the other portion 118, 115 may transparent or semitransparent.
  • the border 120 in the illustrated embodiments comprises a quadrilateral shape 125 in which opposite vertices 126a, 126b join sides of the quadrilateral to form angles that are different from one another, the angles being selected to correspond different angles between the pair of arms of the angle indicator 90.
  • the sizing gauge 102, 102' may further comprise alphanumeric characters 130, for example, in the inner or outer portions 115, 118 and/or indicating a size or other value correlating to one or more angles of the angle indicator 90.
  • one of the vertices 126a, 126b is aligned to a vertex of the angle indicator 90 located at the intersection of the arms 94. As illustrated in FIG. 11 , the angle between the sides forming the vertex 126b is approximately equal to the angle formed by the arms 94 of the angle indicator 90.
  • the alphanumeric "10 mm" near the vertex 126b indicates that the match or approximate match between these two angles correlates to a capsular bag diameter of 10 mm or approximately 10 mm.
  • the alphanumeric characters on the sizing gauge 102 may be used to indicate or correlate to other quantities such as, an angle between the pair of arms of the angle indicator 90, a circumference, cross-sectional area, or volume of the capsular bag, a resiliency of the capsular bag, or the like.
  • the outer portion 118, inner portion115, surface 112, and/or the back surface opposite surface 112 of sizing gauge 102, 102' may be either planar or curved. If curved, the radius of curvature may be selected to allow the sizing gauge to be draped over the cornea of an eye.
  • the sizing gauge 102 may be a contact lens that has a radius of curvature that is approximately equal to the radius of curvature of the cornea.
  • the surface curvature of the sizing gauge 102' may be configured to fit or closely fit the shape of the cornea. In any event, the sizing gauge 102, 102' may be configured to have little or no optical power.
  • the sizing gauge 102, 102' may be configured to have an optical power, for example, a negative optical power that at least partially compensates or nullifies the optical power of the cornea of an eye.
  • the optical power is selected to provide a desired magnification or to form part of an imaging system configured to view the angle indicator 90 or a portion of the eye into which the angle indicator 90 is implanted.
  • kits comprising a plurality of sizing gauges 102 is provided, for example, with each sizing gauge 102 have a different radius of curvature or shape. Additionally or alternatively, the kit may include a plurality of sizing gauges 102, wherein different sizing gauges 102 have different included angle between the sides of the inner portion 115.
  • a sizing gauge 202 is configured for measuring or estimating a size of a size indicator (e.g., angle indicators 30, 90) or for measuring or estimating a size or other characteristic of a capsular bag or other cavity into which a size indicator is inserted.
  • the sizing gauge 202 incorporate features and functions of the protractor 70 and/or the sizing gauges 102, 102' discussed above, or visa versa.
  • the sizing gauge 202 is part of a measurement system comprising the angle indicator 90 and the sizing gauge 202, the system being configured for measuring a size or other characteristic of a capsular bag of an eye.
  • the sizing gauge 202 comprises a body 210 having a front surface 212 and various features that are visible when viewed from in front of the front surface 212, these features being useful for measuring an angle of the angle indicator 90 or similar size indicator. Like the sizing gauge 102, the features of the sizing gauge 202 may be disposed on one or more of the front or back surfaces of the sizing gauge 202, or between the front and back surfaces.
  • the sizing gauge 202 comprises a first feature 224 and a second feature 226 that are disposed on or behind the surface 212.
  • the first feature 224 is a vertex mark 224 that is configured to be aligned to the vertex of the angle indicator 90 formed at the intersection of the arms 94.
  • the vertex mark 224 comprises an aperture that may be a through hole in the body 210 or may comprise a clear material, for example, the same material as the remaining portions of the body 210.
  • the vertex mark 224 comprises a pair of crosshairs, a bull's eye pattern, or other marking suitable for facilitating alignment of the sizing gauge 202 to the intersection of the arms 94 of angle indicator 90.
  • the second feature 226 of the sizing gauge 202 comprises three lines that are disposed parallel to one another and perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the sizing gauge 202. In other embodiments, the second feature comprises a different number of lines (e.g., 2 lines or 4 lines).
  • the lines 226 are disposed a different distances from the vertex mark 224 and may have different lengths, as in the illustrated embodiment shown in FIG. 12 .
  • the endpoints of each line 226 and the center of vertex mark 224 are configured to correspond to different angles between the arms 94 of the angle indicator 90.
  • the vertex mark 224 of the sizing gauge 202 is aligned to an intersection between arms 94 of the angle indicator 90.
  • the angle of between the arms 94 may be determined or estimated based upon which of the line 226 endpoints touches, or is closest to touching, a predetermined part of the arms 94 (e.g., an inner or outer edge of each of the arms 94).
  • the measured or estimated angle between the arms 94 may be correlated to a size or other property of the capsular bag into which the angle indicator 90 has been placed.
  • alpha numeric characters 230 are disposed near the lines 226 to show a correspondence of the lines 226 to a capsular bag size of either 9.5 mm, 10 mm, or 10.5 mm. It is not necessary that each line be associated with a particular alphanumeric character 230.
  • the sizing gauge 202 does not have an alphanumeric symbol associated with the center line 226, but it is understood that if the arms of the angle indicator just touch the center line 226, then this correlates to a capsular bag diameter of 10 mm.
  • a sizing gauge 302 is configured for measuring or estimating a size of a size indicator (e.g., angle indicators 30, 90) or for measuring or estimating a size or other characteristic of a capsular bag or other cavity into which a size indicator is inserted.
  • the sizing gauge 302 incorporate features and functions of the protractor 70 and/or the sizing gauges 102, 102', 202 discussed above, or visa versa.
  • the sizing gauge 202 may be part of a measurement system that comprises the angle indicator 90 and the sizing gauge 302, the system being configured for measuring a size or other characteristic of a capsular bag.
  • the sizing gauge 302 comprises a body 310 having a front surface 312 and various features that are visible when viewed from in front of the front surface 312, these features being useful for measuring an angle of the angle indicator 90 or other size indicator.
  • the various features of the sizing gauge 302 may be disposed on one or more of front or back surfaces of the sizing gauge 202, or between the front and back surface.
  • the body 310 of the sizing gauge 302 may be made of a clear, colored, frosted, or opaque material, according to the requirements of the user or manufacturer.
  • the body 310 comprises a pair of notches or wedge-shaped features 324 disposed along side and top edges of the body 310.
  • the use of two wedge-shaped features 324 may be configured to allow easy manipulation of the sizing gauge 302 in order to align one of the wedge-shaped feature 324 to the arms 94.
  • each wedge-shaped feature 324 has the same angular extent - in this case both angles corresponding to a capsular bag size of 10.8 mm.
  • each of the wedge-shaped features 324 may have a different angle between the edges of the wedge-shaped feature, for example, to facilitate measurement of different arm 94 angles with a single sizing gauge 302.
  • the sizing gauge 302 comprises only one wedge-shaped feature 324.
  • the sizing gauge 302 comprises three wedge-shaped features 324 or more than three wedge-shaped features 324.
  • the sizing gauge 302 in the illustrated embodiment comprises an elongated body 312; however, other shapes may be used.
  • two, three, four, or more wedge-shaped features 324 may be configured on a circular body, wherein each of the wedge-shaped features 324 has a different angle between the edges of the wedgeshaped features 324.
  • the sizing gauge 302 may be part of a kit or set 300 or 300' of sizing gauges 302 that are used for estimating or measuring the size or other property of a capsular bag.
  • the sizing gauges 302 in the set 300' are attached together at a proximal end of each sizing gauge 302, for example, to facilitate easy selection between individual gauges 302 during use.
  • the angle indicator 90 is disposed within the capsular bag of an eye or inside another portion or cavity of the eye.
  • One of the sizing gauges 302 of the kit 300 or 300' is then selected and located in front of the angle indicator 90 or other size indicator.
  • the sizing gauge is next aligned to the angle indicator 90 so that a vertex 330 (see FIG. 14 ) of the wedge-shaped features 324 is disposed at the intersection of the pair of arms 94 of the angle indicator 90, and so that at least one of the edges of the wedgeshaped feature 324 is aligned to at least one edge of one of the arms 94.
  • An assessment can then be made as to whether or not the angle of the wedge-shaped feature is sufficiently close to the angle between the arms 94.
  • the angle may be correlated to a size of the angle indicator or a size or other property of the capsular bag into which the angle indicator 90 has been placed. If the angles do not match, then another sizing gauge 302 from the kit 300, 300' is selected and the process is repeated until a correspondence is found between the angle of the wedge-shaped feature 324 and the angle between the arms 94 of the angle indicator 90.

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Claims (15)

  1. System zum Messen der Größe von einem Kapselsack eines Auges, mit:
    einem Größenanzeiger (30; 90), der zum Einführen in einen Kapselsack eines Patientenauges eingerichtet ist und einen Randabschnitt (31; 92) und ein Paar Arme (32, 33; 94) aufweist, wobei der Randabschnitt (31; 92) eingerichtet ist, in den Kapselsack einzugreifen, das Paar Arme (32, 33;94) jeweils ein proximales und ein distales Ende (34, 35, 39) aufweist, der Randabschnitt (31; 92) mit den distalen Enden (34, 35) der Arme verbunden ist, die Arme einen Winkel ausbilden, der von einer Größe des Kapselsacks abhängig ist und der Winkel in einem festgelegten Winkelbereich ist, wenn der Größenanzeiger (30; 90) in dem Kapselsack angeordnet ist; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Arme miteinander an den proximalen Enden (39) verbunden sind; und
    einer Messlehre (102; 202; 203), mit:
    einem Körper (110; 210; 310), der eine vordere Fläche (112; 212) aufweist; und
    einem ersten Merkmal, das entlang oder hinter der vorderen Fläche (112; 212; 312) angeordnet ist;
    einem zweiten Merkmal, das entlang oder hinter der vorderen Fläche (112; 212; 312) angeordnet ist; und
    alphanumerischen Zeichen (130; 230);
    wobei die Merkmale eingerichtet sind, mit einem Winkel, der in dem festgelegten Bereich liegt, zu korrespondieren; und
    die alphanumerischen Zeichen (130; 230) mit dem ersten und zweiten Merkmal zusammenhängen und auf einen Durchmesser des Kapselsacks hinweisen.
  2. System nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Arme (32, 33; 94) des Größenanzeigers (30; 90) so eingerichtet sind, dass ein durch die Arme (32; 33; 94) ausgebildeter Winkel sich als Antwort auf eine Abmessung des Kapselsacks verändert.
  3. System nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Messlehre (102; 202; 302) des Weiteren einen Griff (128) aufweist, der an dem Körper (110; 210; 310) angebracht ist.
  4. System nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Messlehre (102; 202; 302) flexibel ist und eingerichtet ist, über eine Hornhaut eines Auges gelegt zu werden.
  5. System nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Messlehre (102; 202; 302) eine Kontaktlinse ist.
  6. System nach Anspruch 1, des Weiteren mit mindestens einem alphanumerischen Zeichen (130; 230), das entlang oder hinter der vorderen Fläche (112; 212; 312) angeordnet ist, wobei das mindestens eine alphanumerische Zeichen (130; 230) auf einen oder mehrere Winkel zwischen dem Paar Arme (32; 33; 94) des Größenanzeigers (30; 90), eine Größe des Größenanzeigers (30; 90), eine Größe des Kapselsacks, ein Volumen des Kapselsacks, eine Nachgiebigkeit des Kapselsacks hinweist.
  7. System nach Anspruch 1, bei dem das erste und zweite Merkmal eine erste und eine zweite gerade Kante sind, wobei die geraden Kanten einen Winkel ausbilden, der zu einem Winkel in dem festgelegten Winkelbereich korrespondiert.
  8. System nach Anspruch 7, bei dem jede gerade Kante eine Linie ist, die zwischen einem ersten (115) und einem zweiten (118) Bereich des Körpers (110; 310) der Messlehre angeordnet ist.
  9. System nach Anspruch 7, bei dem jede gerade Kante eine Kante des Körpers (110; 310) der Messlehre (102; 302) definiert.
  10. System nach Anspruch 7, bei dem jede gerade Kante eine andere Kante einer ersten Einkerbung (324) in dem Körper (310) der Messlehre (302) ist, wobei die erste Einkerbung (324) an einer Kante des Körpers (310) angeordnet ist.
  11. System nach Anspruch 10, bei dem der Körper (310) der Messlehre (302) des Weiteren eine zweite Einkerbung (324) mit zwei Seiten aufweist, wobei die zweite Einkerbung (324) an einer Kante des Körpers (310) angeordnet ist.
  12. System nach Anspruch 10, wobei das System eine Vielzahl von Messlehren (302) aufweist, die jeweils eine erste Einkerbung (324) aufweisen, wobei der Winkel zwischen den Seiten der ersten Einkerbung (324) von einer der Messlehren (302) sich von dem Winkel der Seiten der ersten Einkerbung (324) der übrigen Messlehren (302) der Vielzahl von Messlehren (302) unterscheidet,
    wobei die Messlehren (302) aneinander angebracht sind, um einen Satz auszubilden, und einzeln für einen Vergleich mit dem Winkel zwischen den Armen des Messanzeigers (30; 94) auswählbar sind.
  13. System nach Anspruch 7, bei dem der Körper (110) der Messlehre (102) des Weiteren eine dritte und eine vierte gerade Kante aufweist, wobei die geraden Kanten bei Blick auf die vordere Fläche (112) eine geschlossene Kontur ausbilden, die erste und zweite Kante einen ersten Winkel ausbilden und die dritte und vierte Kante einen zweiten Winkel ausbilden, der sich von dem ersten Winkel unterscheidet.
  14. System nach Anspruch 1, bei dem der Körper (210) der Messlehre (202) des Weiteren eine Zielmarkierung (224) aufweist und das erste und zweite Merkmal ein erstes und ein zweites Liniensegment (226) ist, wobei die Liniensegmente (226) mit unterschiedlichen Abständen zu der Zielmarkierung (224) angeordnet sind, die Liniensegmente (226) jeweils einen ersten und einen zweiten Endpunkt aufweisen, die Endpunkte des ersten Liniensegments mit der Zielmarkierung (224) einen ersten Winkel definieren und die Endpunkte des zweiten Liniensegments mit der Zielmarkierung (224) einen zweiten Winkel definieren, der größer als der erste Winkel ist.
  15. System nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die Messlehre (302) eine Einkerbung (324) aufweist, die an einer Kante des Körpers angeordnet ist; wobei die Einkerbung (324) eingerichtet ist, mit einem Winkel, der in dem festgelegten Bereich liegt, zu korrespondieren.
EP09725374A 2008-03-28 2009-03-26 Augenmesssysteme Not-in-force EP2268191B1 (de)

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US8002827B2 (en) 2011-08-23
US8696601B2 (en) 2014-04-15
AU2009228146A1 (en) 2009-10-01
US8231672B2 (en) 2012-07-31
US20100130888A1 (en) 2010-05-27
WO2009120910A1 (en) 2009-10-01
AU2009228146B2 (en) 2015-06-04
US20130274627A1 (en) 2013-10-17
US20110292336A1 (en) 2011-12-01
US20110306902A1 (en) 2011-12-15
EP2268191A1 (de) 2011-01-05

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