EP2263049A2 - Concentrateur de rayonnement solaire et son utilisation - Google Patents

Concentrateur de rayonnement solaire et son utilisation

Info

Publication number
EP2263049A2
EP2263049A2 EP09722269A EP09722269A EP2263049A2 EP 2263049 A2 EP2263049 A2 EP 2263049A2 EP 09722269 A EP09722269 A EP 09722269A EP 09722269 A EP09722269 A EP 09722269A EP 2263049 A2 EP2263049 A2 EP 2263049A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
solar
concentrator according
concentrator
structuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09722269A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harry Wirth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP2263049A2 publication Critical patent/EP2263049A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/10—Prisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/106—Beam splitting or combining systems for splitting or combining a plurality of identical beams or images, e.g. image replication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/10—Beam splitting or combining systems
    • G02B27/12—Beam splitting or combining systems operating by refraction only
    • G02B27/126—The splitting element being a prism or prismatic array, including systems based on total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0543—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the refractive type, e.g. lenses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a concentrator arrangement for solar radiation, which has a radiation divider for deflecting solar radiation by means of total reflection. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for concentrating and converting solar energy, comprising such a concentrator and at least one device for the conversion of solar energy. Such devices for the conversion of solar energy are, for example, solar cells, solar modules or thermal solar collectors.
  • the concentrators according to the invention are used for the concentration of solar radiation as well as in solar shading.
  • the principle is based on concentrating solar radiation with mirrors and / or lenses and directing it to special concentrator solar cells. This reduces the photovoltaically active area and thus the necessary amount of expensive solar cell materials. By concentrating the solar radiation, which acts on photovoltaically active surfaces, the costs for the solar power can be reduced. This applies in particular to regions with a high proportion of direct radiation.
  • a concentrator for solar radiation which has at least one radiation divider for deflecting solar radiation.
  • the beam splitter has a structuring on the side facing away from the solar radiation, which deflects solar radiation incident on the beam splitter into two different directions by means of total reflection.
  • the structuring according to the invention of the radiation splitters leads to a deflection of the incident solar radiation with a high deflection angle, whereby the active surfaces, via which the conversion of solar energy takes place, can be arranged very close to the radiation splitter and thus enable a very compact arrangement of the module.
  • Another advantage is that, despite the flat design of the concentrator according to the invention, shading losses can be largely prevented.
  • the structuring consists of several structural elements that repeat periodically over the entire surface.
  • the structuring consists of a plurality of differing structural elements, the individual structural elements being coordinated with each other in such a way that at least partial concentration of the deflected ones is achieved Radiation takes place on the active surface.
  • the structuring is preferably in the form of substantially isosceles prisms.
  • such prisms have a base angle in
  • a preferred embodiment provides that the base angles of the prisms are varied so that at least partial concentration of the deflected radiation takes place.
  • the beam splitter preferably consists of a structurable substrate with a transmission of at least 85% in the wavelength range from 400 to 1100 nm. These include in particular glass and / or polymeric materials.
  • the surface of the substrate facing the at least one photovoltaically active surface has a structuring.
  • the radiation divider consists of a substrate with a transmission of at least 85% in the wavelength range from 400 to 1100 nm, the surface of the substrate facing the at least one photovoltaically active surface being a structured layer of a polymer material having.
  • This polymer material is preferably selected from the group consisting of fluorine, acrylate and / or silicone polymers.
  • the structuring of the radiation splitter has a structure depth substantially the same across the entire surface in the direction the surface normal of the surface, which is preferably in the range of 10 microns to 20 mm, more preferably in the range of 50 microns to 5 mm.
  • the structuring may have been introduced by casting, injection molding, extrusion and / or embossing.
  • the beam splitter can preferably also be designed as a flat disk or plate.
  • the beam splitter can have a spectrally selective transmission in favor of the photovoltaically usable spectral component, i.a. with maximum transmissions in the range of 400 nm to 1100 nm.
  • a solar energy concentrating and conversion device comprising at least one concentrator as described above and at least one solar energy conversion device.
  • the at least one concentrator is positioned in such a way that the solar radiation deflected by the radiation splitter is directed onto the at least one device for the conversion of solar energy.
  • the device for the conversion of solar energy is preferably solar cells, solar modules or thermal solar collectors.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the device provides that the device for the conversion of solar energy on the solar radiation facing surface has an antireflection coating.
  • This is preferably made of a material having a lower refraction of light relative to the substrate material of the solar energy conversion device.
  • corresponding ma- terialan extracten eg nanoporous glass, are used.
  • the device for concentrating and converting solar energy additionally has an arrangement for one- or two-axis tracking relative to the sun position.
  • the previously described concentrators for concentrating solar radiation are used on photovoltaically active components.
  • the concentrators can be used to construct concentrating photovoltaic modules.
  • Commercially available silicon cells or silicon modules for non-concentrating use can be used as cells or modules. If these photovoltaic modules are tracked, they can also be mounted on conventional solar trackers. It is also possible for such systems to be manually tracked uniaxially to the sun on a daily basis.
  • the concentrators according to the invention can be used in conjunction with thermal solar collectors which bring about a conversion of solar energy into heat.
  • the concentrators according to the invention can also be used in or as sun protection slats for buildings.
  • the lamellae could be rotated about their longitudinal axis and thus uniaxially traceable.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a radiation divider used in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a concentrator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the arrangement of a plurality of radiation splitters in conjunction with corresponding active areas.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a second variant of a concentrator according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic illustration of a further variant according to the invention of a radiation splitter.
  • a radiation divider 1 is shown in cross-section, the incident solar radiation by +/-
  • the light beam 3 is deflected so that it leaves the beam splitter as the light beam 4, while the light beam 3 'is deflected so that it leaves the beam splitter as a beam 4'.
  • the radiation is completely deflected even without refraction. Occurring reflection losses at the interfaces of the radiation divider to the air are about 8%. These reflection losses can be reduced to a value of about 3%, provided appropriate antireflection coatings are used.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a concentrator according to the invention, which has a radiation divider 1, via the solar radiation 3 into a first beam 4 and a second beam 4 'is deflected.
  • the beam 4 is thereby deflected onto the active surface 5, for example a solar cell surface, while the second beam 4 'is deflected onto the photovoltaically active surface 5'.
  • a geometric concentration can be achieved by a factor of 1.5.
  • FIG. 2 of one radiation divider and two photovoltaically active surfaces can be continued in any desired way in both spatial directions, e.g. an array-like arrangement.
  • a geometric concentration results by a factor of 2.
  • An example of this is shown in Fig. 3, in which a linear array of radiation splitter 1 and active surfaces 5, 5 'and 5' ', e.g. Solar cell surfaces, is shown.
  • the incident solar radiation 3 is in this case e.g. divided by the beam splitter 1 'into two beam bundles 4 and 4', which then fall on the corresponding active surfaces 5 and 5 '.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further variant of the concentrator according to the invention.
  • incident sunlight 3, 7 is deflected by the beam splitter 1.
  • the two beams 3 and 7 meet at different locations on the beam splitter 1, wherein in the respective areas different structural elements are formed.
  • the deflected beam 4 of the collapsed sunbeam 3 with the deflected beam 8 of the collapsed sunbeam 7 meet at a point on the photovoltaically active surface 5 and so there is a concentration of sunlight at this point.
  • the photovoltaically active areas can be halved, whereby the geometric concentration increases from a factor of 2 to a factor of 3 or more.
  • a variant of the invention is shown, which is based on an asymmetric principle.
  • the flank angle of the flanks 2 and 2 ' are here 59 ° and 66.7 °.
  • solar radiation 3 is deflected at a different angle than solar radiation 3 '.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un concentrateur de rayonnement solaire présentant un diviseur de rayonnement servant à dévier le rayonnement solaire par réflexion totale. L'invention concerne également un dispositif de concentration et de transformation d'énergie solaire possédant ce concentrateur et au moins un dispositif de transformation d'énergie solaire. Ces dispositifs de transformation d'énergie solaire sont, par exemple, des cellules solaires, des modules solaires ou des collecteurs solaires thermiques. On peut utiliser ces concentrateurs afin de concentrer le rayonnement solaire comme dans des lamelles de protection solaire.
EP09722269A 2008-03-17 2009-03-02 Concentrateur de rayonnement solaire et son utilisation Withdrawn EP2263049A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008014618A DE102008014618B4 (de) 2008-03-17 2008-03-17 Vorrichtung zur Konzentrierung und Umwandlung von Solarenergie
PCT/EP2009/001470 WO2009115182A2 (fr) 2008-03-17 2009-03-02 Concentrateur de rayonnement solaire et son utilisation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2263049A2 true EP2263049A2 (fr) 2010-12-22

Family

ID=40983890

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09722269A Withdrawn EP2263049A2 (fr) 2008-03-17 2009-03-02 Concentrateur de rayonnement solaire et son utilisation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8889982B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2263049A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101978225B (fr)
DE (1) DE102008014618B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009115182A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009049228A1 (de) * 2009-10-13 2011-08-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., 80686 Vorrichtung zur Konzentrierung und Umwandlung von Solarenergie
US20110100418A1 (en) * 2009-11-03 2011-05-05 Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated Solid Linear Solar Concentrator Optical System With Micro-Faceted Mirror Array
DE102011000041A1 (de) 2011-01-05 2012-07-05 Bpe E.K. Solarmodul
DE102014006126B3 (de) * 2014-04-24 2015-06-11 Friedrich Grimm Röhrenkollektor mit einem konzentratorelement und einem empfängerelement
WO2016148668A2 (fr) * 2015-03-16 2016-09-22 T. C. Marmara Universitesi Système d'énergie solaire permettant de propager l'unité de faisceau lumineux sur une plus grande surface réceptrice dans la même unité de surface

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4200472A (en) * 1978-06-05 1980-04-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Solar power system and high efficiency photovoltaic cells used therein
US4337759A (en) * 1979-10-10 1982-07-06 John M. Popovich Radiant energy concentration by optical total internal reflection
DE3338967A1 (de) * 1983-10-27 1985-05-09 M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8000 München Strahlenteiler
JPH10221528A (ja) 1996-12-05 1998-08-21 Toyota Motor Corp 太陽電池装置
AU5521400A (en) * 1999-05-18 2000-12-05 Powerpulse Holding Ag Radiation guidance system
WO2001055650A2 (fr) 2000-01-20 2001-08-02 Bd Systems, Llc Concentrateurs d'energie solaire a poursuite automatique et grand angle
US6577447B1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2003-06-10 Nikon Corporation Multi-lens array of a wavefront sensor for reducing optical interference and method thereof
JP4190253B2 (ja) * 2002-10-31 2008-12-03 大日本印刷株式会社 コントラスト向上シートおよび背面投射型スクリーン
US20070227581A1 (en) 2006-03-28 2007-10-04 Zupei Chen Concentrator solar cell module
US20070227582A1 (en) 2006-03-28 2007-10-04 Peter Zupei Chen Low aspect ratio concentrator photovoltaic module with improved light transmission and reflective properties
KR100777736B1 (ko) 2006-03-28 2007-11-19 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Ｃｅｆ 필터 및 이를 구비한 플라즈마 디스플레이 장치

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO2009115182A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102008014618B4 (de) 2012-04-05
US20110083740A1 (en) 2011-04-14
CN101978225A (zh) 2011-02-16
WO2009115182A3 (fr) 2010-08-26
WO2009115182A2 (fr) 2009-09-24
DE102008014618A1 (de) 2009-09-24
US8889982B2 (en) 2014-11-18
CN101978225B (zh) 2014-07-09

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