EP2255085A1 - Stirlingmaschine - Google Patents
StirlingmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP2255085A1 EP2255085A1 EP09722603A EP09722603A EP2255085A1 EP 2255085 A1 EP2255085 A1 EP 2255085A1 EP 09722603 A EP09722603 A EP 09722603A EP 09722603 A EP09722603 A EP 09722603A EP 2255085 A1 EP2255085 A1 EP 2255085A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stirling engine
- connecting rod
- piston
- cylinder
- articulated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/053—Component parts or details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
- F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2244/00—Machines having two pistons
- F02G2244/02—Single-acting two piston engines
- F02G2244/06—Single-acting two piston engines of stationary cylinder type
- F02G2244/12—Single-acting two piston engines of stationary cylinder type having opposed pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2270/00—Constructional features
- F02G2270/45—Piston rods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G2270/00—Constructional features
- F02G2270/85—Crankshafts
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Stirling engine with at least one cylinder, in which two mutually movable piston are arranged, each piston is connected via a first connecting rod with a rocker arm, and the rocker arm via a second connecting rod to the crankshaft.
- a Stirling engine is a work machine in which heat is supplied from outside to a cylinder or discharged from a cylinder. It is possible to operate the machine as a motor, wherein a working medium is alternately cooled and heated in a cyclic process to produce mechanical work. Conversely, a Stirling engine can also be used as a chiller, in which heat is brought from a lower temperature level to a higher temperature level by the application of mechanical work. In the context of the present invention, it is possible to cover both fields of application.
- Object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages described and to provide a Stirling machine, in which a high efficiency is achieved even at low temperature differences.
- the rocker arm is articulated at its first end to the connecting rod, that it is pivotally mounted at a second end on the cylinder housing, and that the first connecting rod is articulated between the first and the second end.
- the essential feature of the present invention is the fact that the changed geometry of the crank mechanism now achieves a longer residence time of the piston at top dead center with simultaneously faster movement in the area of bottom dead center. In this way it is possible to achieve higher efficiencies.
- Another advantage of the present invention is the way in which the forces are applied to the pistons.
- the rocker arm has two sections which are aligned at an angle to each other, wherein preferably the first connecting rod is articulated to the longer section.
- This version of the rocker arm allows a particularly compact design of the Stirling engine.
- the end of the longer section of the oscillating lever has two extensions over which the oscillating lever is articulated to the cylinder housing.
- the rocker arm is made in one piece. As a result, the number of individual parts of the rocker arm is reduced, which in turn extends the life of the rocker arm and reduces its production costs.
- a further increase in efficiency is achieved when the second connecting rod is made short, especially if its length is shorter than three times the Kurbelwellenkröpfung.
- the shorter the connecting rod the greater the deviation from the sinusoidal course of the piston movement and the higher the efficiency of the Stirling engine according to the invention.
- a Stirling engine has a heat exchanger which serves to cool or heat the gas in the cylinder space.
- An improved heat exchange, and thus a further improvement in the efficiency, is given when each piston is assigned its own heat exchanger, which are spaced from one another in the cylinder housing between the pistons.
- the heat exchanger on slats, which are made of aluminum and spaced from each other by embossed knobs.
- This form of heat exchanger has proved to be particularly favorable for the flow behavior of the gas.
- the production of the heat exchanger is very inexpensive especially if it has a rectangular or square shape.
- a regenerator is arranged between the heat exchangers.
- This consists of sieve-like, porous or sponge-like material insert has the task to absorb a portion of the heat of the hot gas flowing therethrough and store it to give this heat in turn to the cooled gas when it flows back in the opposite direction.
- the gas used is preferably hydrogen; but it can also be used other gases or gas mixtures, such as helium or air.
- Hydrogen has the advantage of a large heat capacity and good heat transfer, which improves the efficiency of the Stirling engine, but is to be treated carefully due to its highly exothermic reaction with the air or with oxygen. Therefore, a preferred embodiment of the invention has a pressure-tight housing in which the cylinder is housed encapsulated together with the crank mechanism. Within this case, there is a strong overpressure, for example 30 bar, while in the cylinder, for example, pressures of 30 ⁇ 5bar prevail.
- the seals of the cylinder ders, in particular the piston seals, only withstand a pressure difference of 5 bar relative to the pressure prevailing in the housing, while the seal of 30 bar is taken against the ambient pressure of the housing seal.
- This seal of housing to ambient pressure is compared to sealing by moving parts extremely simple and inexpensive to obtain.
- Fig. 1 is an oblique view of a Stirling engine according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is an oblique view of the Stirling engine of FIG. 1 without housing;
- FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the Stirling engine of FIG. 2 with heat exchanger
- Fig. 4 is an oblique view of the heat exchanger of Fig. 3;
- Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of the invention in a front view
- Fig. 7 is an oblique view of the Stirling engine of Fig. 6;
- FIG. 8 shows a further oblique view of the rear side of the Stirling engine from FIG. 6.
- the Stirling engine 1 is housed in a motor housing 2 and has a cylinder housing 3, which is composed of two symmetrical cylinder halves 4, 4 '. These identical cylinder halves 4, 4 'are gas-tightly connected to one another via a connecting part 5.
- a piston 6, 6 ' is movably arranged in each cylinder half 4, 4'.
- the piston 6, 6 ' is articulated via a first connecting rod 7 with a rocking lever 8, wherein the rocker arm 8 terminates in the illustrated embodiment of the invention at its piston end in two extensions 80, 81.
- About these extensions 80, 81 of the rocker arm 7 is pivotally mounted on the cylinder half 4.
- rocker arm 8 The other end of the rocker arm 8 is connected to a second connecting rod 9, which in turn is coupled to a crankshaft 10, wherein the crankshaft 10 drives a generator 100.
- the rocker arm 8, 8 ' is integral with two sections 82, 82', 83, 83 ', which are arranged at an angle of approximately 90 ° to each other and act as lever arms carried out.
- the shorter lever arm 82, 82 'of the rocker arm 8, 8' via the second connecting rod 9, 9 'with the crankshaft 10 is connected.
- the longer lever arm 83, 83 ' is connected on the one hand with its end via the extensions 80, 80', 81, 81 'with the respective cylinder half 4, 4' and on the other hand via the first connecting rod 7, 7 'with the piston 6, 6' ,
- Each cylinder half 4, 4 ' consists on the one hand of a region with a circular cross section, in which the piston 6, 6' is movable back and forth, and a region of quadrangular, preferably square cross section, which is provided for receiving a heat exchanger 11, 11 ' , Between the two heat exchangers 11, 11 ', a regenerator 12 is additionally arranged in the connecting part 5, which is usually made of a porous and / or sponge-like material and is used for the storage of heat.
- a usable in the Stirling engine 1 according to the invention heat exchanger 11 can be taken from Fig. 4.
- This heat exchanger 11 consists of soldered together aluminum sheets 13, for example with the dimensions 140 x 40 x 0.2 mm, which are spaced apart by nubs 14 which are embossed into the sheet, for example with a height of 0.2 mm. Mitschlötete, inserted tubes cause additional heat flow between the media. Due to the rectangular shape of the heat exchanger its production is particularly simple and inexpensive. It has been shown that, despite the circular cross-section of the pistons 6, 6 ', there is good flow, in particular dere then when the surface of the piston 6, 6 'corresponds to that of the rectangular inflow surface of the heat exchanger 11, 11'.
- the compact design of the cylinder 3 is also advantageous for a hermetic seal, which is particularly important especially when hydrogen is used as working gas in the cylinders.
- the line designated by the reference numeral 21 describes the sinusoidal course of the piston movement of the so-called expansion piston 6, ie that piston which operates in the heated part of the Stirling engine 1. It can be clearly seen that the curve deviates from the ideal sine curve 20. In region A of top dead center, the curve is flatter, i. the piston remains longer at top dead center, while the curve in the area B of bottom dead center is steeper and thus remains shorter in this position.
- This distortion of the sinusoidal course of the piston movement can be significantly influenced by the length of the second connecting rods 9, 9 '. The shorter the second connecting rods 9, 9 'are made, the stronger the distortion.
- the curve 22 of the compression piston 6 ' shows a flattening in the area B' of top dead center and a shorter residence time in the area A 'bottom dead center, thus has a co-behavior with the expansion piston 6.
- the piston movement is shifted by a phase angle of 72 ° (readable on the abscissa).
- the line designated 25 describes the change in the total volume of the gas within the cylinder during the heating and cooling phase. If the expansion piston 6 is at bottom dead center, the gas is heated and its volume increases. Its volume is reduced by compression, when the expansion piston 6 approaches its upper dead center. At the same time, the gas is displaced into the cooling zone, cools down and its volume decreases while the compression piston 6 'moves upward.
- FIGS. 6 to 8 A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 6 to 8.
- the rocking lever 8 is executed without bending.
- the approximately sinusoidal course of the piston movement is achieved in that the second connecting rod 9 is substantially longer than the first connecting rod 7, which connects the rocker arm 8 to the piston 6 is formed.
- the ratio of the two oscillating lever sections 82, 83 of the rocker arm 8 and the ratio of the length of the first connecting rod 7 to that of the second connecting rod 9 affect the piston profile.
- the rocker arm 8 is articulated in this embodiment of the invention via a straight shoulder with bush 31 to the cylinder housing 3. Due to the straight design of the rocker arm 8, a more compact and easier-to-manufacture construction of the Stirling engine 1 according to the invention is achieved.
- each cylinder half 4, 4 ' are each associated with a heat exchanger 11, 11' with a lamellar structure, wherein a regenerator 12 between the two heat exchangers 11, 11 'is arranged.
- the heat exchangers 11, 11 ' are in this case constructed of a plurality of aluminum hollow chambers on the coolant side and corrugated fins on the gas side similar to a vehicle radiator.
- the invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. It has been found that the Stirling engine according to the invention is particularly suitable for use as a heat pump for energy-saving temperature control of a house by exploiting, for example, a solar system.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0044408A AT505764B1 (de) | 2008-03-20 | 2008-03-20 | Stirlingmaschine |
| PCT/EP2009/053237 WO2009115567A1 (de) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-19 | Stirlingmaschine |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2255085A1 true EP2255085A1 (de) | 2010-12-01 |
| EP2255085B1 EP2255085B1 (de) | 2012-02-22 |
Family
ID=40549951
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09722603A Not-in-force EP2255085B1 (de) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-19 | Stirlingmaschine |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110107757A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2255085B1 (de) |
| AT (2) | AT505764B1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2718800A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009115567A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202008006454U1 (de) * | 2008-05-13 | 2008-07-31 | Binnen, Georg | Heißgasmotor nach dem Stirlingprinzip |
| USD923573S1 (en) * | 2020-11-22 | 2021-06-29 | Yi Zhang | Stirling engine |
| USD923572S1 (en) * | 2020-11-22 | 2021-06-29 | Yi Zhang | Stirling engine |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1458922A (en) * | 1919-06-12 | 1923-06-12 | Rivera Ruben | Hydraulic motor |
| CH183763A (de) * | 1935-06-08 | 1936-04-30 | Sulzer Ag | Schwinghebel-Gegenkolben-Brennkraftmaschine. |
| GB588194A (en) * | 1945-01-26 | 1947-05-16 | William Brown Wilson | Internal combustion engines having combustion spaces common to several pistons |
| US2567637A (en) * | 1947-01-31 | 1951-09-11 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Hot gas piston apparatus with flexible crank coupling |
| NL7010278A (de) * | 1970-07-10 | 1972-01-12 | ||
| GB1472418A (en) * | 1974-10-16 | 1977-05-04 | Armstrong Whitworth Co Ltd Sir | Compression ignition internal combustion engine |
| NL7702207A (nl) * | 1977-03-02 | 1978-09-05 | Philips Nv | Heetgaszuigermachine. |
| GB2030213A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-04-02 | Armstrong Whitworth & Co Ltd S | Opposed piston engine |
| US4305349A (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1981-12-15 | Zimmerly Harold L | Internal combustion engine |
| JP4630626B2 (ja) * | 2004-10-21 | 2011-02-09 | 株式会社サクション瓦斯機関製作所 | 熱機関 |
| US7284372B2 (en) * | 2004-11-04 | 2007-10-23 | Darby Crow | Method and apparatus for converting thermal energy to mechanical energy |
-
2008
- 2008-03-20 AT AT0044408A patent/AT505764B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2009
- 2009-03-19 US US12/933,124 patent/US20110107757A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-03-19 AT AT09722603T patent/ATE546629T1/de active
- 2009-03-19 EP EP09722603A patent/EP2255085B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-03-19 WO PCT/EP2009/053237 patent/WO2009115567A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-03-19 CA CA2718800A patent/CA2718800A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009115567A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT505764A4 (de) | 2009-04-15 |
| AT505764B1 (de) | 2009-04-15 |
| WO2009115567A1 (de) | 2009-09-24 |
| US20110107757A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
| EP2255085B1 (de) | 2012-02-22 |
| ATE546629T1 (de) | 2012-03-15 |
| CA2718800A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
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