EP2253183B1 - Elektrisierer für einen elektrozaun - Google Patents

Elektrisierer für einen elektrozaun Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2253183B1
EP2253183B1 EP09723086A EP09723086A EP2253183B1 EP 2253183 B1 EP2253183 B1 EP 2253183B1 EP 09723086 A EP09723086 A EP 09723086A EP 09723086 A EP09723086 A EP 09723086A EP 2253183 B1 EP2253183 B1 EP 2253183B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
capacitor
microcontroller
transformer
electrifier
electric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP09723086A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2253183A1 (de
Inventor
Valéry Hamm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lacme Holding SA
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Lacme Holding SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2253183B1 publication Critical patent/EP2253183B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
    • H05C1/00—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects
    • H05C1/04—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects providing pulse voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
    • H05C3/00—Other circuits or apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric fence energizer.
  • An electric fence energizer generally comprises one or more capacitors charged at a voltage of a few hundred volts and discharged periodically into the primary of a step-up transformer, the period being, for example, about a second.
  • the peak voltage of the output pulse is reached as soon as the first microsecond (s) of the output pulse.
  • the peak current of the output pulse is reached at the same time as the peak voltage. It is therefore not possible to determine the impedance present at the terminals of the energizer before the peak voltage and the peak current have been reached.
  • the peak voltage associated with a capacitor is, for a given electric fence impedance connected to the terminals of the energizer, a function of the capacity of the capacitor.
  • a capacitor of 25 ⁇ F charged at 600 V when discharged into the transformer T, produces an output pulse having a peak voltage U2, with U2> U1.
  • the peak voltage of the output pulse varies as a function of the charging voltage of the capacitor. For example, if the capacitor C is loaded at 650 V, the output pulse will have a peak voltage U3, whereas if the capacitor C is loaded at 900 V the output pulse will have a peak voltage U4, with U4> U3 .
  • Electrifiers controlling the charge voltage of a capacitor are known for modulating the peak voltage (thus also the peak current) of the output pulse as a function of the impedance at the terminals of the energiser (impedance determined for example by analysis measuring the current and / or voltage of the primary or secondary pulse of the transformer).
  • impedance determined for example by analysis measuring the current and / or voltage of the primary or secondary pulse of the transformer.
  • these energizers have the disadvantage of being expensive because of the need to provide an electronic stage for modulating the charging voltage of the capacitor.
  • the effective safety of the energizer depends on the good state of the resistance. If this - usually a coil resistor, because in the discharge circuit of the capacitor - comes into default, nothing can move in the bypass track. As a result, the entire second part of the pulse systematically flows in the primary of the transformer, and the safety of the energizer is no longer ensured without, moreover, the user is notified.
  • Another known way to solve the problem of limitation of the peak current and / or the energy is to use an energizer comprising two transformers or two different primary of a single transformer, able to be used selectively according to the impedance at the terminals of the energizer. This means has the disadvantage of being expensive.
  • the document WO 95/18520 discloses an electric fence energizer having, in series between the primary of the transformer and the ground, a set of electrical tracks in parallel having different impedances.
  • the energizer comprises a set of thyristors, controlled by a microcontroller, to select at each moment, from said set of electrical tracks, an electrical track connecting the primary of the transformer to ground.
  • the microcontroller systematically controls the thyristors so that they are successively conductors following each other at during each current cycle.
  • the microcontroller modifies the conduction times of the thyristors to limit the energy of the output pulses.
  • the energizer described in this document has the disadvantage that its operation is complex.
  • the control of the thyristors at each cycle causes wear and therefore the risk of failure.
  • the present invention aims to provide an energizer that avoids at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks and allows to control the peak current and / or energy simply, economically and safely.
  • the subject of the invention is an electric fence energizer comprising at least one discharge capacitor, means for charging said at least one capacitor, a transformer, and a microcontroller capable of controlling the discharge of said at least one capacitor towards the primary of said transformer, characterized in that it comprises, in series between said at least one capacitor and the primary of said transformer, a set of electrical tracks in parallel having different impedances, resistive, and / or inductive and / or capacitive, and a switch for selecting, from said set of electrical tracks in parallel, an electrical track for connecting said at least one capacitor to the primary of said transformer, the microcontroller controlling said switch according to conditions relating to the evolution of the impedance to the terminals of said energizer, said microcontroller controlling, in operation no rmal, said switch so that said at least one capacitor discharges via a single electrical track selected from said set of electrical tracks.
  • said set of electrical tracks comprises at least a first electrical track having a non-zero resistance and a second electrical track having a substantially zero resistance.
  • said set of electrical tracks comprises at least two electrical tracks having two resistances different from each other.
  • said set of electrical tracks comprises at least one electrical track having a non-zero capacitance.
  • said microcontroller controls said switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer via the electrical track having the highest resistance or the smallest capacitance.
  • said microcontroller determines that the impedance at the terminals of said energizer fulfills predetermined conditions
  • said microcontroller controls the switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer via an electrical track making it possible to increase the peak current of the output pulses.
  • said microcontroller controls said switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer systematically via the electric track having the lowest impedance, resistive, and / or inductive and / or capacitive except during delays that are triggered when said microcontroller determines that the evolution of the impedance across said energizer meets predetermined conditions.
  • the energizer comprises a plurality of discharge capacitors, said microcontroller controlling macro-pulses composed of the successive discharge, possibly partially superimposed, of said plurality of capacitors.
  • one of said capacitors is chosen so that the peak current generated at the secondary of said transformer by said first capacitor is less than 20 A for any impedance value greater than 50 Ohm, the others of said capacitors being capable of generating peak currents greater than 20 A for very low impedances.
  • an energizer 1 comprising a capacitor C, able to be charged to a voltage of a few hundred volts by means not shown.
  • the energizer 1 comprises a transformer 4, the secondary 4b of which is connected firstly to a high voltage terminal 5 and secondly to a neutral terminal 6, and a microcontroller 3, able to control the discharge of the capacitor C towards the primary 4a of the transformer 4.
  • One or more fence wires 7 are connected to the high voltage terminal 5.
  • the energizer 1 comprises a switch 8 making it possible to select, from among a set of electrical tracks in parallel P 1 to P i , where i is an integer greater than or equal to 2, an electrical track connecting the capacitor C to the primary 4a of the transformer 4.
  • the set of electrical tracks comprises a first electrical track P 1 having a resistance R, for example of the order of a few tenths of Ohms, and a second electrical track P 2 having a substantially zero resistance.
  • the switch 8 is for example a triac.
  • the switch 8 could be a thyristor or a relay or an IGBT.
  • the set of electrical tracks comprises a first P 1 resistance track R 1 , and a second substantially zero resistance P 2 track, connected in parallel on the P 1 track, and comprising a triac able to open or close the electrical circuit of the track P 2 .
  • the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electric track having the highest resistance, that is to say the first track P 1 .
  • the microcontroller 3 controls the discharge of the capacitor C through the primary 4a of the transformer 4, via the first track P 1 whose resistance R has the effect of limiting, or "clamp", the peak current and the energy of the output pulse.
  • the microcontroller 3 determines the impedance present at the terminals of the energizer 1 during the last pulses or during the current pulse.
  • the microcontroller 3 determines that the impedance fulfills predetermined conditions, for example when the impedance is below a predetermined threshold for a sufficient duration
  • the microcontroller 3 controls the switch 8 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via a lower resistance electric track, here the second track P 2 .
  • This has the effect of unleashing the pulse that is to say to increase the peak current and the energy of the output pulses.
  • This operating mode makes it possible to increase the peak current and the energy of the pulses in the presence of vegetation in contact with the fence.
  • Another example of possible mode of operation of the energizer 1 is that in normal mode the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track with the weakest resistance, that is to say the second track P 2 . And only when the microcontroller 3 determines that the impedance passes for the first time below a first predetermined threshold (Or, opposite case, above a second predetermined threshold), then, during a given delay time, the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track having the highest resistance, that is to say the first track P 1 .
  • a first predetermined threshold Or, opposite case, above a second predetermined threshold
  • the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is again connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track having the least resistance, that is to say the second track P 2 . Subsequently, the observation by the microcontroller of a rise in impedance above the first predetermined threshold, followed later by a descent below this threshold would see the microcontroller again control the triggering of a new timer and a temporary concomitant clamping.
  • This case of the passage of the impedance below the first predetermined threshold corresponds for example to the case of contact of a person on the fence.
  • the opposite case of the impedance crossing over the second predetermined threshold corresponds, for example, to the case of abrupt shortening of the electrified fence length when opening a barrier placed in the middle of the fence.
  • the figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention in which the set of parallel tracks possible comprises a first electrical track P 1 having a resistance R 1 , a second electrical track P 2 having a resistance R 2 , a third electrical track P 3 having a resistance R 3 , a fourth electrical track P 4 having a resistance R 4 , and a fifth electrical track P 5 having a substantially zero resistance.
  • the resistors R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are chosen such that R 1 ⁇ R 2 ⁇ R 3 ⁇ R 4 , for example R 1 > R 2 > R 3 > R 4 .
  • the operation is similar to what has been described previously.
  • the microcontroller 3 determines the impedance present at the terminals of the energizer 1 and then controls the switch 8 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track P i adapted to the impedance.
  • the set of electrical tracks P i to P i in parallel can comprise any number of electrical tracks. It is also possible that none of the electrical tracks has a substantially zero resistance.
  • each of the electrical tracks may comprise a resistive and / or inductive and / or capacitive impedance, that is to say a purely resistive, or purely inductive, or purely capacitive impedance, or a combination of characteristic impedances. different.
  • the figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, wherein the set of parallel electrical tracks comprises a first electrical track P 1 having a capacitor C 1 and a second electrical track P 2 of substantially zero capacitance.
  • the operation is similar to what has been described previously.
  • the set of electrical tracks P 1 to P 1 may comprise one or more electrical track (s) having a resistance and one or more electrical track (s) having a capacitance.
  • the same electrical track P may further comprise one or more resistor (s) and one or more capacitors (s).
  • the energizer comprises several capacitors.
  • the microcontroller controls macro-pulses composed of the successive discharge of the capacitors, possibly with partial temporal overlap.
  • a macro-pulse is spread over less than 10 ms, as recommended by the IEC 335 -2-76 standard.
  • the first capacitor is a capacitor of about 8 ⁇ F. Its value is chosen according to the characteristics of the transformer so that, when it is loaded to the maximum (for example at 600 V), the peak current appearing at the secondary of the transformer is less than 20 A for any higher impedance value. at 50 Ohm.
  • the additional capacitors are, for example, capacitors of approximately 25 ⁇ F, which means that, for the very low impedances (from 50 to 100 ohms approximately), the peak current is likely to exceed 20 A.
  • the microcontroller for example controls the switch so that the current flows through the track having the highest resistance, resulting in a limitation of the peak current which thus remains less than 20A.
  • the microcontroller considers that the switch can be switched to a lower resistance track. Indeed, in this case, even if the peak current of the macro-pulse is greater than 20 A, a sufficient proportion of this peak current will be consumed by the fence, so that the complementary current likely to flow in a human body is less than 20 A.
  • This embodiment can be used in a similar manner to control the energy of the output pulse.
  • the invention does not result in a primary shunt of all or part of the pulse, but in a clamping, that is to say in a voluntary consumption of a part of the pulse in a component well dimensioned placed in series in the discharge circuit of the capacitor.
  • the energizer according to the invention makes it possible to maintain control of the peak current and / or the energy by using a single transformer having only one single primary winding and a failure of the clamping resistor does not result. not by a risk to the safety of people.
  • the operation of the energizer is particularly simple, since the microcontroller only controls the switching of the switch to another electrical track in special cases, for example the modification of the impedance or the end of a delay. In other words, in normal operation, each pulse passes entirely through the same electrical track. This also has the advantage of not soliciting at each current cycle the switching of the switch 8 and thus to limit the wear, which reduces the risk of failure.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Discharging, Photosensitive Material Shape In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Elektrisches Elektrozaungerät (1), das mindestens einen Entladungskondensator (C), Lademittel des mindestens einen Kondensators, einen Transformator (4) und einen Mikrosteuerbaustein (3) aufweist, der imstande ist, die Entladung des mindestens einen Kondensators zur Primärseite (4a) des Transformators zu steuern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er in Reihe zwischen dem mindestens einen Kondensator und der Primärseite des Transformators eine Gruppe paralleler elektrischer Pisten (P1 bis Pi) aufweist, die unterschiedliche resistive und/oder induktive und/oder kapazitive Impedanzen aufweisen, und einen Umschalter (8), der es erlaubt, aus der Gruppe elektrischer Pisten (P1 bis Pi) eine elektrische Piste auszuwählen, um diese mit dem mindestens einem Kondensator (C) auf der Primärseite des Transformators (4) zu verbinden, wobei der Mikrosteuerbaustein (3) den Umschalter (8) in Abhängigkeit der zur Entwicklung der Impedanz an den Klemmen des Elektrozaungeräts (1) relativen Bedingungen steuert, wobei der Mikrosteuerbaustein (3) im normalen Betrieb den Umschalter (8) derart steuert, dass sich der mindestens eine Kondensator (C) über eine einzige, aus der Gruppe elektrischer Pisten (P1 bis Pi) ausgewählte elektrische Piste entlädt.
  2. Elektrozaungerät nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gruppe elektrischer Pisten (P1 bis Pi) mindestens eine erste elektrische Piste umfasst, die einen Widerstand (R1) von nicht null aufweist und eine zweite elektrische Piste, die einen Widerstand von etwa null aufweist.
  3. Elektrozaungerät nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gruppe elektrischer Pisten (P1 bis Pi) mindestens zwei elektrische Piste umfasst, die zwei voneinander unterschiedliche Widerstände (R1 bis R4) aufweisen.
  4. Elektrozaungerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gruppe elektrischer Pisten (P1 bis Pi) mindestens eine elektrische Piste umfasst, die eine Kapazität (C1) von nicht null aufweist.
  5. Elektrozaungerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikrosteuerbaustein (3) im normalen Betrieb den Umschalter (8) derart steuert, dass der mindestens eine Kondensator (C) mit der Primärseite des Transformators (4) über die elektrische Piste verbunden ist, die den höchsten Widerstand oder die niedrigste Kapazität aufweist.
  6. Elektrozaungerät nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass, wenn der Mikrosteuerbaustein (3) bestimmt, dass die Impedanz an den Klemmen des Elektrozaungeräts (1) vorbestimmte Bedingungen erfüllt, der Mikrosteuerbaustein den Umschalter (8) derart steuert, dass der mindestens eine Kondensator (C) mit der Primärseite des Transformators (4) über eine elektrische Piste verbunden ist, die es erlaubt, den Spitzenstrom der Ausgangsimpulse zu erhöhen.
  7. Elektrozaungerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mikrosteuerbaustein (3) im normalen Betrieb den Umschalter (8) derart steuert, dass der mindestens eine Kondensator (C) mit der Primärseite des Transformators (4) über die elektrische Piste verbunden ist, die die niedrigste resistive und/oder induktive und/oder kapazitive Impedanz aufweist, außer während Verzögerungen, die ausgelöst werden, wenn der Mikrosteuerbaustein bestimmt, dass die Entwicklung der Impedanz an den Klemmen des Elektrozaungeräts vorbestimmte Bedingungen erfüllt.
  8. Elektrozaungerät nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es mehrere Entladungskondensatoren aufweist, wobei der Mikrosteuerbaustein Makroimpulse steuert, die aus der aufeinander folgenden, eventuell teilweise überlagerten Entladung der mehreren Kondensatoren zusammengesetzt ist.
  9. Elektrozaungerät nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einer der Kondensatoren, als erster Kondensator bezeichnet, ausgewählt ist, damit der Spitzenstrom, der auf der Sekundärseite des Transformators vom ersten Kondensator erzeugt wird, für jeden Impedanzwert über 50 Ohm kleiner ist als 20 A ist, wobei die anderen Kondensatoren imstande sind, für die sehr niedrigen Impedanzen Spitzenströme über 20 A zu erzeugen.
EP09723086A 2008-03-12 2009-03-11 Elektrisierer für einen elektrozaun Not-in-force EP2253183B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0801355A FR2928810B1 (fr) 2008-03-12 2008-03-12 Electrificateur de cloture electrique
PCT/FR2009/000251 WO2009115711A1 (fr) 2008-03-12 2009-03-11 Electrificateur de cloture electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2253183A1 EP2253183A1 (de) 2010-11-24
EP2253183B1 true EP2253183B1 (de) 2011-07-06

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ID=39811932

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09723086A Not-in-force EP2253183B1 (de) 2008-03-12 2009-03-11 Elektrisierer für einen elektrozaun

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2253183B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE515929T1 (de)
FR (1) FR2928810B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2009115711A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ509061A (en) * 2000-12-21 2003-04-29 Tru Test Ltd Output protected electric fence energiser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2253183A1 (de) 2010-11-24
ATE515929T1 (de) 2011-07-15
WO2009115711A1 (fr) 2009-09-24
FR2928810B1 (fr) 2010-03-19
FR2928810A1 (fr) 2009-09-18

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