EP2253183B1 - Electrifier for an electric fence - Google Patents
Electrifier for an electric fence Download PDFInfo
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- EP2253183B1 EP2253183B1 EP09723086A EP09723086A EP2253183B1 EP 2253183 B1 EP2253183 B1 EP 2253183B1 EP 09723086 A EP09723086 A EP 09723086A EP 09723086 A EP09723086 A EP 09723086A EP 2253183 B1 EP2253183 B1 EP 2253183B1
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- capacitor
- microcontroller
- transformer
- electrifier
- electric
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002747 voluntary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
- H05C1/00—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects
- H05C1/04—Circuits or apparatus for generating electric shock effects providing pulse voltages
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05C—ELECTRIC CIRCUITS OR APPARATUS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR USE IN EQUIPMENT FOR KILLING, STUNNING, OR GUIDING LIVING BEINGS
- H05C3/00—Other circuits or apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electric fence energizer.
- An electric fence energizer generally comprises one or more capacitors charged at a voltage of a few hundred volts and discharged periodically into the primary of a step-up transformer, the period being, for example, about a second.
- the peak voltage of the output pulse is reached as soon as the first microsecond (s) of the output pulse.
- the peak current of the output pulse is reached at the same time as the peak voltage. It is therefore not possible to determine the impedance present at the terminals of the energizer before the peak voltage and the peak current have been reached.
- the peak voltage associated with a capacitor is, for a given electric fence impedance connected to the terminals of the energizer, a function of the capacity of the capacitor.
- a capacitor of 25 ⁇ F charged at 600 V when discharged into the transformer T, produces an output pulse having a peak voltage U2, with U2> U1.
- the peak voltage of the output pulse varies as a function of the charging voltage of the capacitor. For example, if the capacitor C is loaded at 650 V, the output pulse will have a peak voltage U3, whereas if the capacitor C is loaded at 900 V the output pulse will have a peak voltage U4, with U4> U3 .
- Electrifiers controlling the charge voltage of a capacitor are known for modulating the peak voltage (thus also the peak current) of the output pulse as a function of the impedance at the terminals of the energiser (impedance determined for example by analysis measuring the current and / or voltage of the primary or secondary pulse of the transformer).
- impedance determined for example by analysis measuring the current and / or voltage of the primary or secondary pulse of the transformer.
- these energizers have the disadvantage of being expensive because of the need to provide an electronic stage for modulating the charging voltage of the capacitor.
- the effective safety of the energizer depends on the good state of the resistance. If this - usually a coil resistor, because in the discharge circuit of the capacitor - comes into default, nothing can move in the bypass track. As a result, the entire second part of the pulse systematically flows in the primary of the transformer, and the safety of the energizer is no longer ensured without, moreover, the user is notified.
- Another known way to solve the problem of limitation of the peak current and / or the energy is to use an energizer comprising two transformers or two different primary of a single transformer, able to be used selectively according to the impedance at the terminals of the energizer. This means has the disadvantage of being expensive.
- the document WO 95/18520 discloses an electric fence energizer having, in series between the primary of the transformer and the ground, a set of electrical tracks in parallel having different impedances.
- the energizer comprises a set of thyristors, controlled by a microcontroller, to select at each moment, from said set of electrical tracks, an electrical track connecting the primary of the transformer to ground.
- the microcontroller systematically controls the thyristors so that they are successively conductors following each other at during each current cycle.
- the microcontroller modifies the conduction times of the thyristors to limit the energy of the output pulses.
- the energizer described in this document has the disadvantage that its operation is complex.
- the control of the thyristors at each cycle causes wear and therefore the risk of failure.
- the present invention aims to provide an energizer that avoids at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks and allows to control the peak current and / or energy simply, economically and safely.
- the subject of the invention is an electric fence energizer comprising at least one discharge capacitor, means for charging said at least one capacitor, a transformer, and a microcontroller capable of controlling the discharge of said at least one capacitor towards the primary of said transformer, characterized in that it comprises, in series between said at least one capacitor and the primary of said transformer, a set of electrical tracks in parallel having different impedances, resistive, and / or inductive and / or capacitive, and a switch for selecting, from said set of electrical tracks in parallel, an electrical track for connecting said at least one capacitor to the primary of said transformer, the microcontroller controlling said switch according to conditions relating to the evolution of the impedance to the terminals of said energizer, said microcontroller controlling, in operation no rmal, said switch so that said at least one capacitor discharges via a single electrical track selected from said set of electrical tracks.
- said set of electrical tracks comprises at least a first electrical track having a non-zero resistance and a second electrical track having a substantially zero resistance.
- said set of electrical tracks comprises at least two electrical tracks having two resistances different from each other.
- said set of electrical tracks comprises at least one electrical track having a non-zero capacitance.
- said microcontroller controls said switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer via the electrical track having the highest resistance or the smallest capacitance.
- said microcontroller determines that the impedance at the terminals of said energizer fulfills predetermined conditions
- said microcontroller controls the switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer via an electrical track making it possible to increase the peak current of the output pulses.
- said microcontroller controls said switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer systematically via the electric track having the lowest impedance, resistive, and / or inductive and / or capacitive except during delays that are triggered when said microcontroller determines that the evolution of the impedance across said energizer meets predetermined conditions.
- the energizer comprises a plurality of discharge capacitors, said microcontroller controlling macro-pulses composed of the successive discharge, possibly partially superimposed, of said plurality of capacitors.
- one of said capacitors is chosen so that the peak current generated at the secondary of said transformer by said first capacitor is less than 20 A for any impedance value greater than 50 Ohm, the others of said capacitors being capable of generating peak currents greater than 20 A for very low impedances.
- an energizer 1 comprising a capacitor C, able to be charged to a voltage of a few hundred volts by means not shown.
- the energizer 1 comprises a transformer 4, the secondary 4b of which is connected firstly to a high voltage terminal 5 and secondly to a neutral terminal 6, and a microcontroller 3, able to control the discharge of the capacitor C towards the primary 4a of the transformer 4.
- One or more fence wires 7 are connected to the high voltage terminal 5.
- the energizer 1 comprises a switch 8 making it possible to select, from among a set of electrical tracks in parallel P 1 to P i , where i is an integer greater than or equal to 2, an electrical track connecting the capacitor C to the primary 4a of the transformer 4.
- the set of electrical tracks comprises a first electrical track P 1 having a resistance R, for example of the order of a few tenths of Ohms, and a second electrical track P 2 having a substantially zero resistance.
- the switch 8 is for example a triac.
- the switch 8 could be a thyristor or a relay or an IGBT.
- the set of electrical tracks comprises a first P 1 resistance track R 1 , and a second substantially zero resistance P 2 track, connected in parallel on the P 1 track, and comprising a triac able to open or close the electrical circuit of the track P 2 .
- the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electric track having the highest resistance, that is to say the first track P 1 .
- the microcontroller 3 controls the discharge of the capacitor C through the primary 4a of the transformer 4, via the first track P 1 whose resistance R has the effect of limiting, or "clamp", the peak current and the energy of the output pulse.
- the microcontroller 3 determines the impedance present at the terminals of the energizer 1 during the last pulses or during the current pulse.
- the microcontroller 3 determines that the impedance fulfills predetermined conditions, for example when the impedance is below a predetermined threshold for a sufficient duration
- the microcontroller 3 controls the switch 8 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via a lower resistance electric track, here the second track P 2 .
- This has the effect of unleashing the pulse that is to say to increase the peak current and the energy of the output pulses.
- This operating mode makes it possible to increase the peak current and the energy of the pulses in the presence of vegetation in contact with the fence.
- Another example of possible mode of operation of the energizer 1 is that in normal mode the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track with the weakest resistance, that is to say the second track P 2 . And only when the microcontroller 3 determines that the impedance passes for the first time below a first predetermined threshold (Or, opposite case, above a second predetermined threshold), then, during a given delay time, the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track having the highest resistance, that is to say the first track P 1 .
- a first predetermined threshold Or, opposite case, above a second predetermined threshold
- the switch 8 is controlled by the microcontroller 3 so that the capacitor C is again connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track having the least resistance, that is to say the second track P 2 . Subsequently, the observation by the microcontroller of a rise in impedance above the first predetermined threshold, followed later by a descent below this threshold would see the microcontroller again control the triggering of a new timer and a temporary concomitant clamping.
- This case of the passage of the impedance below the first predetermined threshold corresponds for example to the case of contact of a person on the fence.
- the opposite case of the impedance crossing over the second predetermined threshold corresponds, for example, to the case of abrupt shortening of the electrified fence length when opening a barrier placed in the middle of the fence.
- the figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the invention in which the set of parallel tracks possible comprises a first electrical track P 1 having a resistance R 1 , a second electrical track P 2 having a resistance R 2 , a third electrical track P 3 having a resistance R 3 , a fourth electrical track P 4 having a resistance R 4 , and a fifth electrical track P 5 having a substantially zero resistance.
- the resistors R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are chosen such that R 1 ⁇ R 2 ⁇ R 3 ⁇ R 4 , for example R 1 > R 2 > R 3 > R 4 .
- the operation is similar to what has been described previously.
- the microcontroller 3 determines the impedance present at the terminals of the energizer 1 and then controls the switch 8 so that the capacitor C is connected to the primary 4a of the transformer 4 via the electrical track P i adapted to the impedance.
- the set of electrical tracks P i to P i in parallel can comprise any number of electrical tracks. It is also possible that none of the electrical tracks has a substantially zero resistance.
- each of the electrical tracks may comprise a resistive and / or inductive and / or capacitive impedance, that is to say a purely resistive, or purely inductive, or purely capacitive impedance, or a combination of characteristic impedances. different.
- the figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the invention, wherein the set of parallel electrical tracks comprises a first electrical track P 1 having a capacitor C 1 and a second electrical track P 2 of substantially zero capacitance.
- the operation is similar to what has been described previously.
- the set of electrical tracks P 1 to P 1 may comprise one or more electrical track (s) having a resistance and one or more electrical track (s) having a capacitance.
- the same electrical track P may further comprise one or more resistor (s) and one or more capacitors (s).
- the energizer comprises several capacitors.
- the microcontroller controls macro-pulses composed of the successive discharge of the capacitors, possibly with partial temporal overlap.
- a macro-pulse is spread over less than 10 ms, as recommended by the IEC 335 -2-76 standard.
- the first capacitor is a capacitor of about 8 ⁇ F. Its value is chosen according to the characteristics of the transformer so that, when it is loaded to the maximum (for example at 600 V), the peak current appearing at the secondary of the transformer is less than 20 A for any higher impedance value. at 50 Ohm.
- the additional capacitors are, for example, capacitors of approximately 25 ⁇ F, which means that, for the very low impedances (from 50 to 100 ohms approximately), the peak current is likely to exceed 20 A.
- the microcontroller for example controls the switch so that the current flows through the track having the highest resistance, resulting in a limitation of the peak current which thus remains less than 20A.
- the microcontroller considers that the switch can be switched to a lower resistance track. Indeed, in this case, even if the peak current of the macro-pulse is greater than 20 A, a sufficient proportion of this peak current will be consumed by the fence, so that the complementary current likely to flow in a human body is less than 20 A.
- This embodiment can be used in a similar manner to control the energy of the output pulse.
- the invention does not result in a primary shunt of all or part of the pulse, but in a clamping, that is to say in a voluntary consumption of a part of the pulse in a component well dimensioned placed in series in the discharge circuit of the capacitor.
- the energizer according to the invention makes it possible to maintain control of the peak current and / or the energy by using a single transformer having only one single primary winding and a failure of the clamping resistor does not result. not by a risk to the safety of people.
- the operation of the energizer is particularly simple, since the microcontroller only controls the switching of the switch to another electrical track in special cases, for example the modification of the impedance or the end of a delay. In other words, in normal operation, each pulse passes entirely through the same electrical track. This also has the advantage of not soliciting at each current cycle the switching of the switch 8 and thus to limit the wear, which reduces the risk of failure.
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un électrificateur de clôture électrique.The present invention relates to an electric fence energizer.
Un électrificateur de clôture électrique comprend généralement un ou plusieurs condensateur(s) chargé(s) à une tension de quelques centaines de volts et déchargé(s) périodiquement dans le primaire d'un transformateur élévateur de tension, la période étant par exemple d'environ une seconde.An electric fence energizer generally comprises one or more capacitors charged at a voltage of a few hundred volts and discharged periodically into the primary of a step-up transformer, the period being, for example, about a second.
Dans le cas de la décharge d'un unique condensateur, la tension crête de l'impulsion de sortie est atteinte dès la ou les toutes premières microseconde(s) de l'impulsion de sortie. Le courant crête de l'impulsion de sortie est atteint au même moment que la tension crête. Il n'est donc pas possible de déterminer l'impédance présente aux bornes de l'électrificateur avant que la tension crête et le courant crête n'aient été atteints.In the case of the discharge of a single capacitor, the peak voltage of the output pulse is reached as soon as the first microsecond (s) of the output pulse. The peak current of the output pulse is reached at the same time as the peak voltage. It is therefore not possible to determine the impedance present at the terminals of the energizer before the peak voltage and the peak current have been reached.
Pour un transformateur T donné, et pour une tension de charge de condensateur donnée, la tension crête associée à un condensateur est, pour une impédance donnée de clôture électrique branchée aux bornes de l'électrificateur, fonction de la capacité du condensateur. Par exemple, sur une clôture d'impédance donnée, un condensateur de 8 µF chargé à 600 V, lorsqu'il se décharge dans le transformateur T, produit une impulsion de sortie présentant une tension crête U1, alors qu'un condensateur de 25 µF chargé à 600 V, lorsqu'il se décharge dans le transformateur T, produit une impulsion de sortie présentant une tension crête U2, avec U2>U1.For a given transformer T, and for a given capacitor charging voltage, the peak voltage associated with a capacitor is, for a given electric fence impedance connected to the terminals of the energizer, a function of the capacity of the capacitor. For example, on a given impedance fence, an 8 μF capacitor charged to 600 V, when discharged into the transformer T, produces an output pulse having a peak voltage U1, while a capacitor of 25 μF charged at 600 V, when discharged into the transformer T, produces an output pulse having a peak voltage U2, with U2> U1.
En outre sur une clôture d'impédance donnée, pour un transformateur T donné, et pour un condensateur C donné, la tension crête de l'impulsion de sortie varie en fonction de la tension de charge du condensateur. Par exemple, si le condensateur C est chargé à 650 V, l'impulsion de sortie présentera une tension crête U3, alors que si le condensateur C est chargé à 900 V l'impulsion de sortie présentera une tension crête U4, avec U4 > U3.In addition to a given impedance fence, for a given transformer T, and for a given capacitor C, the peak voltage of the output pulse varies as a function of the charging voltage of the capacitor. For example, if the capacitor C is loaded at 650 V, the output pulse will have a peak voltage U3, whereas if the capacitor C is loaded at 900 V the output pulse will have a peak voltage U4, with U4> U3 .
On connaît des électrificateurs contrôlant la tension de charge d'un condensateur pour moduler la tension crête (donc également le courant crête) de l'impulsion de sortie en fonction de l'impédance aux bornes de l'électrificateur (impédance déterminée par exemple par analyse de la mesure du courant et/ou de la tension de l'impulsion au primaire ou au secondaire du transformateur). Par rapport à un électrificateur à tension unique de charge du condensateur, par exemple 600 V, ces électrificateurs présentent l'inconvénient d'être onéreux du fait de la nécessité de prévoir un étage électronique de modulation de la tension de charge du condensateur.Electrifiers controlling the charge voltage of a capacitor are known for modulating the peak voltage (thus also the peak current) of the output pulse as a function of the impedance at the terminals of the energiser (impedance determined for example by analysis measuring the current and / or voltage of the primary or secondary pulse of the transformer). Compared with a single-voltage energizer of the capacitor, for example 600 V, these energizers have the disadvantage of being expensive because of the need to provide an electronic stage for modulating the charging voltage of the capacitor.
On sait, d'autre part, que suite à des accidents mortels, les fabricants d'électrificateurs commencent à se méfier autant de l'énergie de l'impulsion de sortie que du courant crête maximum susceptible de circuler dans le corps d'une personne se trouvant au contact de la clôture.It is known, on the other hand, that following fatal accidents, the manufacturers of electrifiers start to be as wary of the energy of the output pulse as the maximum peak current likely to flow in the body of a person being in contact with the fence.
Il est également connu d'adapter l'énergie de l'impulsion de sortie d'un électrificateur en fonction de l'impédance et/ou de l'évolution de l'impédance détectée à ses bornes. Pour cela, on peut par exemple ne pas charger (ou ne pas charger complètement, ou ne pas décharger, ou ne pas décharger complètement) un ou plusieurs condensateur(s) de l'électrificateur sur certaines plages d'impédance, éventuellement sous certaines conditions temporelles telles que l'attente de la fin d'une temporisation déclenchée par un passage sous une impédance donnée. La demande de brevet
Un autre moyen connu pour résoudre le problème de la limitation du courant crête et/ou de l'énergie est d'utiliser un électrificateur comprenant deux transformateurs ou deux primaires différents d'un unique transformateur, aptes à être utilisés sélectivement en fonction de l'impédance aux bornes de l'électrificateur. Ce moyen présente l'inconvénient d'être cher.Another known way to solve the problem of limitation of the peak current and / or the energy is to use an energizer comprising two transformers or two different primary of a single transformer, able to be used selectively according to the impedance at the terminals of the energizer. This means has the disadvantage of being expensive.
Le document
La présente invention a pour but de proposer un électrificateur qui évite au moins certains des inconvénients précités et qui permette de contrôler le courant crête et/ou l'énergie de manière simple, économique et sûre.The present invention aims to provide an energizer that avoids at least some of the aforementioned drawbacks and allows to control the peak current and / or energy simply, economically and safely.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un électrificateur de clôture électrique comportant au moins un condensateur de décharge, des moyens de charge dudit au moins un condensateur, un transformateur, et un microcontrôleur apte à commander la décharge dudit au moins un condensateur vers le primaire dudit transformateur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, en série entre ledit au moins un condensateur et le primaire dudit transformateur, un ensemble de pistes électriques en parallèle présentant des impédances différentes, résistives, et/ou inductives et/ou capacitives, et un commutateur permettant de sélectionner, parmi ledit ensemble de pistes électriques en parallèle, une piste électrique pour relier ledit au moins un condensateur au primaire dudit transformateur, le microcontrôleur commandant ledit commutateur en fonction de conditions relatives à l'évolution de l'impédance aux bornes dudit électrificateur, ledit microcontrôleur commandant, en fonctionnement normal, ledit commutateur de manière que ledit au moins un condensateur se décharge via une unique piste électrique sélectionnée parmi ledit ensemble de pistes électriques.For this purpose, the subject of the invention is an electric fence energizer comprising at least one discharge capacitor, means for charging said at least one capacitor, a transformer, and a microcontroller capable of controlling the discharge of said at least one capacitor towards the primary of said transformer, characterized in that it comprises, in series between said at least one capacitor and the primary of said transformer, a set of electrical tracks in parallel having different impedances, resistive, and / or inductive and / or capacitive, and a switch for selecting, from said set of electrical tracks in parallel, an electrical track for connecting said at least one capacitor to the primary of said transformer, the microcontroller controlling said switch according to conditions relating to the evolution of the impedance to the terminals of said energizer, said microcontroller controlling, in operation no rmal, said switch so that said at least one capacitor discharges via a single electrical track selected from said set of electrical tracks.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, ledit ensemble de pistes électriques comprend au moins une première piste électrique présentant une résistance non nulle et une deuxième piste électrique présentant une résistance sensiblement nulle.According to one embodiment of the invention, said set of electrical tracks comprises at least a first electrical track having a non-zero resistance and a second electrical track having a substantially zero resistance.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, ledit ensemble de pistes électriques comprend au moins deux pistes électriques présentant deux résistances différentes l'une de l'autre.According to one embodiment of the invention, said set of electrical tracks comprises at least two electrical tracks having two resistances different from each other.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, ledit ensemble de pistes électriques comprend au moins une piste électrique présentant une capacité non nulle.According to one embodiment of the invention, said set of electrical tracks comprises at least one electrical track having a non-zero capacitance.
De préférence, en fonctionnement normal, ledit microcontrôleur commande ledit commutateur de manière que ledit au moins un condensateur soit relié au primaire dudit transformateur via la piste électrique présentant la plus forte résistance ou la plus faible capacité.Preferably, in normal operation, said microcontroller controls said switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer via the electrical track having the highest resistance or the smallest capacitance.
Avantageusement, lorsque ledit microcontrôleur détermine que l'impédance aux bornes dudit électrificateur remplit des conditions prédéterminées, ledit microcontrôleur commande le commutateur de manière que ledit au moins un condensateur soit relié au primaire dudit transformateur via une piste électrique permettant d'augmenter le courant crête des impulsions de sortie.Advantageously, when said microcontroller determines that the impedance at the terminals of said energizer fulfills predetermined conditions, said microcontroller controls the switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer via an electrical track making it possible to increase the peak current of the output pulses.
En alternative, ledit microcontrôleur commande ledit commutateur de manière que ledit au moins un condensateur soit relié au primaire dudit transformateur systématiquement via la piste électrique présentant la moins forte impédance, résistive, et/ou inductive et/ou capacitive sauf au cours de temporisations qui sont déclenchées lorsque ledit microcontrôleur détermine que l'évolution de l'impédance aux bornes dudit électrificateur remplit des conditions prédéterminées.Alternatively, said microcontroller controls said switch so that said at least one capacitor is connected to the primary of said transformer systematically via the electric track having the lowest impedance, resistive, and / or inductive and / or capacitive except during delays that are triggered when said microcontroller determines that the evolution of the impedance across said energizer meets predetermined conditions.
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, l'électrificateur comporte plusieurs condensateurs de décharge, ledit microcontrôleur commandant des macro- impulsions composées de la décharge successive, éventuellement partiellement superposée, desdits plusieurs condensateurs.According to one embodiment of the invention, the energizer comprises a plurality of discharge capacitors, said microcontroller controlling macro-pulses composed of the successive discharge, possibly partially superimposed, of said plurality of capacitors.
De préférence, l'un desdits condensateurs, appelé premier condensateur, est choisi pour que le courant crête généré au secondaire dudit transformateur par ledit premier condensateur soit inférieur à 20 A pour toute valeur d'impédance supérieure à 50 Ohm, les autres desdits condensateurs étant aptes à générer des courants crête supérieurs à 20 A pour les très basses impédances.Preferably, one of said capacitors, called first capacitor, is chosen so that the peak current generated at the secondary of said transformer by said first capacitor is less than 20 A for any impedance value greater than 50 Ohm, the others of said capacitors being capable of generating peak currents greater than 20 A for very low impedances.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, détails, caractéristiques et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative détaillée qui va suivre, de plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples purement illustratifs et non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés.The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more clearly apparent in the following detailed explanatory description of several embodiments of the invention given as examples. purely illustrative and non-limiting examples, with reference to the attached schematic drawings.
Sur ces dessins :
- la
figure 1 est une vue schématique simplifiée d'un électrificateur de clôture électrique selon un premier mode de réalisation de l' invention ; - la
figure 2 est une vue similaire à lafigure 1 montrant un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ; et - la
figure 3 est une vue similaire à lafigure 1 montrant un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention.
- the
figure 1 is a simplified schematic view of an electric fence energizer according to a first embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 2 is a view similar to thefigure 1 showing a second embodiment of the invention; and - the
figure 3 is a view similar to thefigure 1 showing a third embodiment of the invention.
En se référant à la
L'électrificateur 1 comprend un transformateur 4, dont le secondaire 4b est relié d'une part à une borne haute tension 5 et d'autre part à une borne neutre 6, et un microcontrôleur 3, apte à commander la décharge du condensateur C vers le primaire 4a du transformateur 4. Un ou plusieurs fils de clôture 7 sont connectés à la borne haute tension 5.The energizer 1 comprises a
L'électrificateur 1 comporte un commutateur 8 permettant de sélectionner, parmi un ensemble de pistes électriques en parallèle P1 à Pi, i étant un entier supérieur ou égal à 2, une piste électrique reliant le condensateur C au primaire 4a du transformateur 4. Sur la
Le commutateur 8 est par exemple un triac. En variante non limitative, le commutateur 8 pourrait être un thyristor ou un relais ou un IGBT.The
A titre d'exemple et selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'ensemble des pistes électriques comprend une première piste P1 de résistance R1, et une deuxième piste P2 de résistance sensiblement nulle, montée en parallèle sur la piste P1, et comprenant un triac apte à ouvrir ou fermer le circuit électrique de la piste P2.By way of example and according to a particular embodiment, the set of electrical tracks comprises a first P 1 resistance track R 1 , and a second substantially zero resistance P 2 track, connected in parallel on the P 1 track, and comprising a triac able to open or close the electrical circuit of the track P 2 .
On va maintenant décrire un premier exemple de mode de fonctionnement possible de l'électrificateur 1.We will now describe a first example of possible mode of operation of the energizer 1.
En fonctionnement normal, le commutateur 8 est commandé par le microcontrôleur 3 de manière que le condensateur C soit relié au primaire 4a du transformateur 4 via la piste électrique présentant la plus forte résistance, c'est-à-dire la première piste P1.In normal operation, the
Périodiquement, le microcontrôleur 3 commande la décharge du condensateur C à travers le primaire 4a du transformateur 4, via la première piste P1 dont la résistance R a pour effet de limiter, ou « brider », le courant crête et l'énergie de l'impulsion de sortie.Periodically, the
Simultanément, le microcontrôleur 3 détermine l'impédance présente aux bornes de l'électrificateur 1 lors des dernières impulsions ou lors de l'impulsion en cours. Lorsque le microcontrôleur 3 détermine que l'impédance remplit des conditions prédéterminées, par exemple lorsque l'impédance est en dessous d'un seuil prédéterminé depuis une durée suffisante, le microcontrôleur 3 commande le commutateur 8 de manière que le condensateur C soit relié au primaire 4a du transformateur 4 via une piste électrique de résistance plus faible, ici la deuxième piste P2. Cela a pour effet de débrider l'impulsion, c'est-à-dire d'augmenter le courant crête et l'énergie des impulsions de sortie. Ce mode de fonctionnement permet d'augmenter le courant crête et l'énergie des impulsions en présence de végétation au contact de la clôture.Simultaneously, the
Un autre exemple de mode de fonctionnement possible de l'électrificateur 1 est qu'en mode normal le commutateur 8 est commandé par le microcontrôleur 3 de manière que le condensateur C soit relié au primaire 4a du transformateur 4 via la piste électrique présentant la moins forte résistance, c'est-à-dire la seconde piste P2. Et que seulement lorsque le microcontrôleur 3 détermine que l'impédance passe pour la première fois en dessous d'un premier seuil prédéterminé (ou, cas de figure opposé, au-dessus d'un deuxième seuil prédéterminé), alors, pendant une durée de temporisation donnée, le commutateur 8 est commandé par le microcontrôleur 3 de manière que le condensateur C soit relié au primaire 4a du transformateur 4 via la piste électrique présentant la plus forte résistance, c'est-à-dire la première piste P1. A la fin de la temporisation, dès lors que l'impédance est restée depuis le début de la temporisation sous le seuil prédéterminé, le commutateur 8 est commandé par le microcontrôleur 3 de manière que le condensateur C soit à nouveau relié au primaire 4a du transformateur 4 via la piste électrique présentant la moins forte résistance, c'est-à-dire la seconde piste P2. Par la suite, l'observation par le microcontrôleur d'une remontée de l'impédance au dessus du premier seuil prédéterminé, suivie plus tard d'une redescente sous ce seuil verrait le microcontrôleur à nouveau commander le déclenchement d'une nouvelle temporisation et d'un bridage temporaire concomitant.Another example of possible mode of operation of the energizer 1 is that in normal mode the
Ce cas du passage de l'impédance en dessous du premier seuil prédéterminé correspond par exemple au cas du contact d'une personne sur la clôture. (Le cas de figure opposé du passage de l'impédance au-dessus du deuxième seuil prédéterminé correspond par exemple au cas du raccourcissement brusque de la longueur de clôture électrifiée lors de l'ouverture d'une barrière disposée au milieu de la clôture.)This case of the passage of the impedance below the first predetermined threshold corresponds for example to the case of contact of a person on the fence. (The opposite case of the impedance crossing over the second predetermined threshold corresponds, for example, to the case of abrupt shortening of the electrified fence length when opening a barrier placed in the middle of the fence.)
Sur ces exemples on observe bien qu'une défaillance de la résistance de bridage R - généralement une résistance bobinée, car placée dans le circuit de décharge - se traduit par le fait que la branche P1 ne conduit plus. Ceci garantit la sécurité des personnes car l'impulsion ne circulera plus dans ces modes où le microcontrôleur commande le commutateur 8 pour que le courant crête et/ou l'énergie soient bridés. L'absence d'impulsion sera en outre un signal visible pour l'utilisateur de la panne du système de sécurité le protégeant contre des courants crête et/ou des énergies trop importants.On these examples it is clearly observed that a failure of the clamping resistor R - generally a wound resistance, as placed in the discharge circuit - results in the fact that the branch P 1 no longer leads. This ensures the safety of people because the pulse will no longer circulate in these modes where the microcontroller controls the
La
Le fonctionnement est similaire à ce qui a été décrit précédemment. Le microcontrôleur 3 détermine l'impédance présente aux bornes de l'électrificateur 1 puis commande le commutateur 8 de manière que le condensateur C soit relié au primaire 4a du transformateur 4 via la piste électrique Pi adaptée à l'impédance.The operation is similar to what has been described previously. The
De manière générale, l'ensemble de pistes électriques Pi à Pi en parallèle peut comprendre un nombre quelconque de pistes électriques. Il est également possible qu'aucune des pistes électriques ne présente une résistance sensiblement nulle.In general, the set of electrical tracks P i to P i in parallel can comprise any number of electrical tracks. It is also possible that none of the electrical tracks has a substantially zero resistance.
Par ailleurs, chacune des pistes électriques peut comprendre une impédance résistive, et/ou inductive et/ou capacitive, c'est-à-dire une impédance purement résistive, ou purement inductive, ou purement capacitive, ou une association d'impédances de caractéristiques différentes.Moreover, each of the electrical tracks may comprise a resistive and / or inductive and / or capacitive impedance, that is to say a purely resistive, or purely inductive, or purely capacitive impedance, or a combination of characteristic impedances. different.
La
On notera qu'une combinaison entre les différents modes de réalisation représentés est possible, c'est-à-dire que l'ensemble de pistes électriques P1 à P1 peut comprendre une ou plusieurs piste(s) électrique(s) présentant une résistance et une ou plusieurs piste(s) électrique(s) présentant une capacité. Une même piste électrique P peut en outre comporter une ou plusieurs résistance(s) et un ou plusieurs condensateur(s). En outre, il est possible de jouer sur l'épaisseur des pistes électriques P et sur leur section pour remplacer la présence de résistances en série.Note that a combination between the various embodiments shown is possible, that is to say that the set of electrical tracks P 1 to P 1 may comprise one or more electrical track (s) having a resistance and one or more electrical track (s) having a capacitance. The same electrical track P may further comprise one or more resistor (s) and one or more capacitors (s). In addition, it is possible to play on the thickness of the electrical tracks P and their section to replace the presence of resistors in series.
Dans un mode de réalisation non représenté, l'électrificateur comporte plusieurs condensateurs. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le microcontrôleur commande des macro-impulsions composées de la décharge successive des condensateurs, éventuellement avec recouvrement temporel partiel. Une macro-impulsion s'étale sur moins de 10 ms, comme préconisé par la norme CEI 335 -2-76.In an embodiment not shown, the energizer comprises several capacitors. In this embodiment, the microcontroller controls macro-pulses composed of the successive discharge of the capacitors, possibly with partial temporal overlap. A macro-pulse is spread over less than 10 ms, as recommended by the IEC 335 -2-76 standard.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, le premier condensateur, est un condensateur d'environ 8 µF. Sa valeur est choisie en fonction des caractéristiques du transformateur de façon que, lorsque qu'il est chargé au maximum (par exemple à 600 V), le courant crête apparaissant au secondaire du transformateur soit inférieur à 20 A pour toute valeur d'impédance supérieure à 50 Ohm.In this embodiment, the first capacitor is a capacitor of about 8 μF. Its value is chosen according to the characteristics of the transformer so that, when it is loaded to the maximum (for example at 600 V), the peak current appearing at the secondary of the transformer is less than 20 A for any higher impedance value. at 50 Ohm.
Les condensateurs supplémentaires sont par exemple des condensateurs d'environ 25 µF, ce qui entraîne que, pour les très basses impédances (de 50 à 100 Ohms environ), le courant crête est susceptible de dépasser 20 A.The additional capacitors are, for example, capacitors of approximately 25 μF, which means that, for the very low impedances (from 50 to 100 ohms approximately), the peak current is likely to exceed 20 A.
En fonctionnement normal, le microcontrôleur commande par exemple le commutateur pour que le courant circule à travers la piste présentant la plus forte résistance, ce qui entraîne une limitation du courant crête qui reste ainsi inférieur à 20A. Lorsque l'impédance aux bornes de l'électrificateur s'est stabilisée depuis une durée prédéterminée (par exemple 50 secondes), alors le microcontrôleur considère que le commutateur peut être basculé vers une piste de résistance plus faible. En effet, dans ce cas, même si le courant crête de la macro-impulsion est supérieur à 20 A, une proportion suffisante de ce courant crête va être consommée par la clôture, de sorte que le courant complémentaire susceptible de circuler dans un corps humain est inférieur à 20 A.In normal operation, the microcontroller for example controls the switch so that the current flows through the track having the highest resistance, resulting in a limitation of the peak current which thus remains less than 20A. When the impedance at the terminals of the energizer has stabilized for a predetermined time (for example 50 seconds), then the microcontroller considers that the switch can be switched to a lower resistance track. Indeed, in this case, even if the peak current of the macro-pulse is greater than 20 A, a sufficient proportion of this peak current will be consumed by the fence, so that the complementary current likely to flow in a human body is less than 20 A.
Ce mode de réalisation peut être utilisé de manière similaire pour contrôler l'énergie de l'impulsion de sortie.This embodiment can be used in a similar manner to control the energy of the output pulse.
On notera que l'invention ne résulte pas en un shunt au primaire de tout ou partie de l'impulsion, mais en un bridage, c'est-à-dire en une consommation volontaire d'une partie de l'impulsion dans un composant bien dimensionné placé en série dans le circuit de décharge du condensateur. Ainsi, l'électrificateur selon l'invention permet de conserver la maîtrise du courant crête et/ou de l'énergie en utilisant un unique transformateur ne disposant que d'un unique bobinage primaire simple et une défaillance de la résistance de bridage ne se traduit pas par un risque pour la sécurité des personnes. En outre, le fonctionnement de l'électrificateur est particulièrement simple, puisque le microcontrôleur ne commande le basculement du commutateur vers une autre piste électrique que dans des cas particuliers, par exemple la modification de l'impédance ou la fin d'une temporisation. En d'autres termes, en fonctionnement normal, chaque impulsion passe entièrement par une même piste électrique. Ceci présente aussi l'avantage de ne pas solliciter à chaque cycle courant le basculement du commutateur 8 et donc d'en limiter l'usure, ce qui réduit le risque de panne.Note that the invention does not result in a primary shunt of all or part of the pulse, but in a clamping, that is to say in a voluntary consumption of a part of the pulse in a component well dimensioned placed in series in the discharge circuit of the capacitor. Thus, the energizer according to the invention makes it possible to maintain control of the peak current and / or the energy by using a single transformer having only one single primary winding and a failure of the clamping resistor does not result. not by a risk to the safety of people. In addition, the operation of the energizer is particularly simple, since the microcontroller only controls the switching of the switch to another electrical track in special cases, for example the modification of the impedance or the end of a delay. In other words, in normal operation, each pulse passes entirely through the same electrical track. This also has the advantage of not soliciting at each current cycle the switching of the
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en relation avec plusieurs modes de réalisation ou de fonctionnement particuliers, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'elle comprend tous les équivalents techniques des moyens décrits ainsi que leurs combinaisons si celles-ci entrent dans le cadre de l'invention.Although the invention has been described in connection with several particular embodiments or functions, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the means described and their combinations if these fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
- An electrifier (1) for an electric fence including at least one discharge capacitor (C), means for charging said at least one capacitor, a transformer (4), and a microcontroller (3) capable of controlling the discharge of said at least one capacitor towards the primary circuit (4a) of said transformer, characterized in that it includes in series between said at least one capacitor and the primary circuit of said transformer, a set of parallel electric tracks (P1 to Pi) having different resistive and/or inductive and/or capacitive impedances, and a switch (8), with which an electric track may be selected from said set of electric tracks (P1 to Pi) for connecting said at least one capacitor (C) to the primary circuit of said transformer (4), the microcontroller (3) controlling said switch (8) depending on conditions relating to the time-dependent change of the impedance on the terminals of said electrifier (1), said microcontroller (3) controlling during normal operation, said switch (8) so that said at least one capacitor (C) discharges via a single electric track selected from said set of electric tracks (P1 to Pi).
- The electrifier according to claim 1, characterized in that said set of electric tracks (P1 to Pi) comprises at least one first electric track having a non-zero resistance (R1) and a second electric track having substantially zero resistance.
- The strand electrifier to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said set of electric tracks (Pi to Pi) comprises at least two electric tracks having two resistances (Ri to R4) different from each other.
- The electrifier according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said set of electric tracks (P1 to Pi) comprises at least one electric track having non-zero capacitance (C1).
- The electrifier according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, during normal operation, said microcontroller (3) controls said switch (8) so that said at least one capacitor (C) is connected to the primary circuit of said transformer (4) via the electric track having the strongest resistance or the lowest capacitance.
- The electrifier according to claim 5, characterized in that, when said microcontroller (3) determines that the impedance on the terminals of said electrifier (1) fulfils predetermined conditions, said microcontroller controls the switch (8) so that said at least one capacitor (C) is connected to the primary circuit of said transformer (4) via an electric track allowing increase in the peak current of the output pulses.
- The electrifier according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, during normal operation, said microcontroller (3) controls said switch (8) so that said at least one capacitor (C) is connected to the primary circuit of said transformer (4) via the electric track having the less strong resistive and/or inductive and/or capacitive impedance, except during triggered delays when said the microcontroller determines that the time-dependent change of the impedance on the terminals of said electrifier fulfils predetermined conditions.
- The electrifier according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it includes several discharge capacitors, said microcontroller controlling macro-pulses consisting of the successive discharge, optionally partly superposed of said several capacitors.
- The electrifier according to claim 8, characterized in that one of said capacitors, called a first capacitor, is selected so that the peak current generated in the secondary circuit of said transformer by said first capacitor is less than 20 A for any impedance value of more than 50 ohms, the other ones of said capacitors being able to generate peak currents of more than 20 A for very low impedances.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0801355A FR2928810B1 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2008-03-12 | ELECTRICAL CLOSURE ELECTRICAL |
PCT/FR2009/000251 WO2009115711A1 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2009-03-11 | Electrifier for an electric fence |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2253183A1 EP2253183A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
EP2253183B1 true EP2253183B1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
Family
ID=39811932
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09723086A Not-in-force EP2253183B1 (en) | 2008-03-12 | 2009-03-11 | Electrifier for an electric fence |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2253183B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE515929T1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2928810B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009115711A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NZ509061A (en) * | 2000-12-21 | 2003-04-29 | Tru Test Ltd | Output protected electric fence energiser |
-
2008
- 2008-03-12 FR FR0801355A patent/FR2928810B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-03-11 EP EP09723086A patent/EP2253183B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-03-11 AT AT09723086T patent/ATE515929T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-11 WO PCT/FR2009/000251 patent/WO2009115711A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009115711A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
FR2928810B1 (en) | 2010-03-19 |
EP2253183A1 (en) | 2010-11-24 |
FR2928810A1 (en) | 2009-09-18 |
ATE515929T1 (en) | 2011-07-15 |
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