EP2252539A1 - Anchor for handling construction elements comprising fixed divergent arms - Google Patents

Anchor for handling construction elements comprising fixed divergent arms

Info

Publication number
EP2252539A1
EP2252539A1 EP09709462A EP09709462A EP2252539A1 EP 2252539 A1 EP2252539 A1 EP 2252539A1 EP 09709462 A EP09709462 A EP 09709462A EP 09709462 A EP09709462 A EP 09709462A EP 2252539 A1 EP2252539 A1 EP 2252539A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
branches
diverging
flat
anchor according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09709462A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2252539B1 (en
Inventor
Marcel Arteon
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Arteon Marcel
Original Assignee
Arteon Marcel
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Arteon Marcel filed Critical Arteon Marcel
Priority to PL09709462T priority Critical patent/PL2252539T3/en
Priority to EP09709462A priority patent/EP2252539B1/en
Publication of EP2252539A1 publication Critical patent/EP2252539A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2252539B1 publication Critical patent/EP2252539B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
    • B66C1/666—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof for connection to anchor inserts embedded in concrete structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/005—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects with anchoring or fastening elements for the shaped articles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/142—Means in or on the elements for connecting same to handling apparatus
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/41—Connecting devices specially adapted for embedding in concrete or masonry

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a handling anchor for construction elements such as prefabricated blocks and panels, in particular made of concrete or composite material, intended to be secured to a construction element to facilitate its gripping, with a view to its displacement.
  • An anchor of this type commonly used is a so-called dovetail anchor.
  • It consists of a flat part whose upper part defines a fastening head which provides a connection between the construction element and a handling machine intended to move it, the central part defines a body and the lower part a foot.
  • the body and the foot of the anchor are intended to be immersed within the material constituting the building panel and to adhere thereto so that the anchor and the building element form a transportable unitary unit.
  • the dovetail shape is defined by the foot of the anchor which comprises two branches diverging relative to each other in the opposite direction to the lifting, which define two bearing surfaces for the parts of the panel located above these branches, and thus some anchoring ability.
  • the invention aims to overcome this disadvantage, economically while ensuring high performance and a high level of safety, without the addition of additional reinforcement axial traction.
  • the invention relates to a handling anchor of construction elements, such as concrete panels, formed from at least one flat, comprising an upper attachment part to a handling machine, s' extending along a main plane (P) and a part forming the body of the anchor and a part forming the foot of the anchor and intended to anchor in the construction element, this foot comprising two branches diverging in the direction from the lower end of the anchor and extending out of the main plane (P) and forming between them a predetermined angle ( ⁇ ), the diverging branches define a compression cone during the lifting of the construction element.
  • a handling anchor of construction elements such as concrete panels, formed from at least one flat
  • the anchor comprises at least one flat portion connecting the two branches to one another to ensure the maintenance of the predetermined angle ( ⁇ ) between these two branches, and to form with the divergent branches, a stiffening box located at the foot of the anchor.
  • it comprises two flat portions each integral with the lower end of a diverging branch, these two flat portions converging towards one another in the direction of the lower end of the anchor and being in contact with each other along their lower edges and defining converging branches for holding the predetermined angle ( ⁇ ).
  • the two converging branches are secured to one another by their lower edges.
  • the anchor is formed from two flats, each comprising consecutive portions separated two by two by fold lines and defining a head portion, a divergent branch and a holding branch, the first and the second flats being arranged back to back.
  • the anchor is formed from a single flat part comprising consecutive parts separated in pairs by fold lines and defining a first head portion, a first divergent branch, a first holding branch, a first second holding branch, a second diverging branch and a second leading part.
  • it comprises, interposed between the head and the diverging branches, two opposite flat portions diverging with respect to each other towards the end of the anchor forming active facets which, when the anchor is secured to the construction element, ensure the adhesion thereof to the building material.
  • it may comprise, interposed between the active facets and divergent branches of the intermediate facets converging towards each other towards the end of the anchor or parallel to each other.
  • the diverging branches are inclined relative to the main plane (P) by an angle of between 45 ° and 80 °.
  • the two active branches and the two holding arms can define a rectangular contour, preferably square.
  • the active branches each comprise a portion inclined relative to the main plane (P) by an angle substantially equal to 70 °, and a vertical portion parallel to the main plane (P), consecutive to the inclined portion, the holding legs extending each from a vertical portion.
  • the two flat portions forming the head are pressed against each other and comprise holes for the passage of a lifting ring.
  • two flat portions forming the head are spaced apart from each other, the anchor comprising for example a cylindrical head interposed between the two flat portions.
  • two successive flat portions of the rigidity box define two by two an angle equal to or greater than 90 °.
  • the flat is made of steel.
  • the anchor comprises two luffing fins extending along a longitudinal edge of the body of the flat, each fin defining an angle of inclination with the body of the flat.
  • the invention also relates to a lifting device and / or lifting of building elements, comprising an anchor as defined above and an extension member having the general shape of a profile, provided with at least two opposite sides the same inclination as the diverging branches of the anchor, and shaped to be able to cross the cavity defined by the stiffening box of the anchor and extend on either side of this box with each of its two sides inclined extending the corresponding divergent branch at the same inclination.
  • FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an anchor according to a first embodiment of the invention, in position within a building panel for lifting;
  • FIG. 2 shows an anchor according to a second embodiment of the invention, front view;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the anchor of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 shows an anchor according to a third embodiment of the invention, front view
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of the anchor of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of the anchor of Figure 4.
  • FIG. 7, 8 and 9 are views respectively front, side and perspective of a third possible embodiment of the anchor according to the invention.
  • FIGS 10, 11 and 12 are views respectively front, side and perspective of a fourth possible embodiment of the anchor according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 represent another possible variant embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS 15 to 20 illustrate another possible embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an anchor according to the invention generally designated by the reference 11.
  • It comprises a head portion 1, a portion 16 forming the body of the anchor and a portion 17 forming the foot.
  • the anchor 11, with the exception of the head 1 which remains outside the material of the construction element is adapted to be attached to a handling machine, and is intended to be embedded in the constituent material of the construction element whose anchor facilitates handling.
  • this element of construction can be a slab or a concrete panel 19 and the head 1 of the anchor is accessible from a free edge 21 of the panel 19 within which has been practiced a recess 22 or "reservation" authorizing the passing of the head 1 of the anchor, while the body 16 and the foot 17 of the anchor are immersed in the concrete.
  • the anchor 11 according to Figure 1 is made from two identical flat portions 12a, 12b, that is to say two rigid strips for example of metal whose thickness is small relative to the width, which are each folded to define an active branch extending out of the main plane of the flat.
  • Each flat is disposed in the panel so that its width is in the direction of the thickness of the panel.
  • these branches 13a, 13b define when lifting, a compression cone centered on the main plane of the anchor, whose apex is located towards the foot of the anchor and whose base extends around the head of the anchor.
  • the amplitude of the base of the compression cone is all the more important that the inclination ⁇ of a branch 13a, 13b is close to 45 °, and even lower than this inclination is close to a horizontal plane that is to say, an inclination at 0 °.
  • the anchor 11 in order to keep fixed the inclination of the branches diverging with respect to the longitudinal plane P of the flat during lifting of the panel, the anchor 11 comprises two branches converging towards one another 14a, 14b, horizontally or in two secant planes and extending each in the extension of a divergent branch 13a, 13b in the direction of the foot of the anchor.
  • the two convergent branches 14a, 14b define, for the diverging branches 13a, 13b that they extend, means for maintaining the inclination of these divergent branches.
  • the converging branches in contact 14a, 14b act on the diverging branches 13a, 13b such as stiffening beams to avoid the deflection of these branches 13a, 13b under the effect exerted by the concrete overhanging these branches 13a, 13b when lifting the concrete board.
  • the two convergent branches 14a, 14b are in contact with each other by their edges 18a, 18b opposite the diverging branches 13a, 13b, to define with these diverging branches 13a, 13b, a non-deformable box for example of square cross section.
  • the contact edges 18a, 18b converging portions 14a, 14b of the anchor are advantageously secured to one another. This joining is done for example by welding, by means of a lug or by folding when the anchor consists of a single flat.
  • the diverging branches 13a, 13b do not tend to vary their inclination relative to the main plane P of the flat and the concrete interposed between the two opposite branches 13a, 13b is not supercharged.
  • the inner faces 17a, 17b converging branches 14a, 14b participate in the adhesion between the concrete and the anchor.
  • branches 14a, 14b which maintain the inclination of the diverging branches 13a, 13b makes it possible to maintain constant the anchoring cone defined by these diverging branches 13a, 13b.
  • these holding branches 14a, 14b make it possible to keep constant the anchoring cone of large amplitude C max defined by branches inclined at 45 ° which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • Such a cone of amplitude C max defines an important anchoring or lifting capacity because it develops a volume of concrete as large as possible (volume defined by the cone C max ). It is therefore particularly suitable for lifting very heavy elements of the order of 5 to 10 T for example.
  • the amplitude of the cone remains constant due to the presence of the limbs 14a, 14b for maintaining the inclination of the diverging branches 13a, 13b so that the lifting force of the anchor remains constant during the lifting of the building element and / or following successive lifts.
  • the stiffening box whatever its shape, defines the foot of the anchor which is the active element in the concrete by generating compression zones during lifting.
  • the depth of anchorage that is to say the depth of the box relative to the top of the concrete building element determines the resistance value of the anchorage in the concrete.
  • the anchors of Figures 1 to 3 and 7 to 12 comprise two diverging branches 13a, 13b disposed at the foot of the anchor, that is to say for example at least 120 mm from the head of the anchor (see Table 1 below) and are intended to extend at least 130 mm deep into the building element.
  • branches 13a, 13b are inclined 45 ° relative to the horizontal and the converging branches 14a, 14b define a right angle with the diverging branches 13a, 13b.
  • the box formed by the diverging branches 13a, 13b and convergent 14a, 14b is of square section with relatively short sides.
  • This square box extends in the building element to lift with its diagonal parallel to the lifting direction. Due to this square section, the box is very rigid and dimensionally stable. And because of the inclination at 45 °, the compression cone developed is important.
  • the anchor of FIGS. 4 to 6 comprises two diverging branches always arranged at the foot of the anchor but defining an angle ⁇ of 20 °.
  • This anchor comprises intermediate facets 31a,
  • the branches for maintaining the angle of inclination of the branches divergent 14a, 14b extend in a horizontal plane and not in a plane inclined at 45 ° as is the case of the branches 14a, 14b of Figures 1 to 3 and 7 to 12.
  • the anchor of Figure 4 has a total length less than that of Figure 7 and is particularly suitable for transporting concrete slabs in a horizontal plane since in this case the anchor extends according to the smallest dimension of the slab, that is to say the thickness (see Figure 6).
  • the diverging branches 13a, 13b, at 20 ° of inclination may be arranged closer to the lower end of the anchor than in the case of the anchor of FIG. 7, the divergent branches of which are at 45 ° of inclination and the branches of maintenance are not horizontal but converge in two secant planes towards the lower end of the anchor.
  • the branches inclined at 20 ° to the anchor of FIG. 4 are therefore capable of being disposed more deeply in a slab or a panel than the diverging branches 13a, 13b of the anchor of FIG. 7.
  • These branches 13a, 13b inclined at 20 ° being more deeply anchored in the concrete can develop a comparable anchorage capacity or greater than that of the 45 ° branches of Figure 7 although the latter develop a larger anchoring cone.
  • the anchor is constituted by the association of two identical flat portions 12a, 12b, from a smooth metal strip as shown, or ribbed according to a non-illustrated embodiment.
  • Each flat portion 12a, 12b is folded along two fold lines, to provide the flat portion 12a, 12b of a main portion extending along a main plane P, of an active branch 13a, 13b extending out of the plane main and a holding branch 14a, 14b extending the active branch and returning to the main plane.
  • the first fold line 22b defines for the flat portion 12b the main portion 21b, extending along the main plane P and intended to be pressed against the corresponding portion 21a of the second flat portion 12a.
  • This main portion 21b carries at its upper end, an orifice 23 in which a handling hook is intended to engage.
  • the active branch 13b extending from the fold line 22b out of the main plane P defines with the main portion 21b of the flat portion 12b an angle of about 135 °.
  • the active face of the diverging branch 15b is inclined by 45 °.
  • the diverging branches 15a, 15b generate in the concrete, during lifting, a compression cone of a large amplitude, due to the inclination at 45 ° relative to the horizontal plane diverging branches.
  • indeformable caisson 17 formed by the active diverging branches and the converging branches of reinforcement makes it possible to maintain fixed the inclination of the divergent branches relative to a horizontal plane.
  • the anchor always comprises a non-deformable end box 17 disposed at the foot of the anchor, but it is made from a single flat part 12 folded over it. even.
  • This single flat is folded along the fold lines 22b and 23b to define the rectilinear portion 21b, the active branch 13b and the aforementioned converging branch 14b and then folded at 90 ° according to the fold 25 of FIG. 10 to define the lower right angle
  • the flat part 12 is then folded along the lines 23a and 22a to define the convergent branches 14a, divergent 13a and the opposite rectilinear portion 21a.
  • the rectilinear portions 21a, 21b of the flat are spaced apart from each other and define a space to accommodate a head gripper 30, for example cylindrical screw or not, or any other form adaptable to any gripping means. This spacing also causes a greater volume of the foot of the anchor and concrete.
  • the anchor 11 is always made by the combination of two identical flat portions, but these define an additional box with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 2, interposed between the body 16 of the anchor 11 and the first caisson 17.
  • each flat portion 12a, 12b comprises four fold lines, separating it into a rectilinear portion 21b, an upper blade 31b extending out of the main plane defined by the straight portion, a lower blade 32b bringing the flat toward the main plane , the aforementioned active branch 13 and the aforementioned reinforcing branch 14b.
  • the upper blades 31a, 31b of the two flats diverge relative to each other towards the foot of the anchor 11 and define an angular aperture of about 15 °.
  • the lower blades 32a, 32b converge towards each other to be substantially in contact with each other. They define bearing surfaces for the concrete portion interposed between the diverging blades 31a, 31b during lifting.
  • the upper blades 31a, 31b define intermediate active portions of adhesion between the anchor and the concrete, which develop a very weak compression cone, given the inclination of about 80 ° of these blades relative to a horizontal plane .
  • the anchor comprises in addition to the passage opening 23 of the handling hook, a passage lumen 34 for a metal reinforcement.
  • the blades 31a, 31b and the diverging branches 13a, 13b and convergent 14a, 14b combined with the developed surface of the flat part make it possible to urge the concrete both at the adhesion and at the shear at the level of the anchors generated by the facets.
  • the anchor is again made using two identical flats defining an end box 17 of square cross-section, and upper active blades 31a, 31b but the blades lower 32a, 32b do not converge towards each other. On the contrary, they are parallel to each other. They therefore do not define a bearing surface for the part of concrete interposed between the diverging blades 31a, 31b but simply a longitudinal internal volume opening on the square internal volume of the end box 17.
  • Figures 4 to 6 illustrate another embodiment of an anchor formed from two identical metal flats.
  • the particularity of this embodiment resides in particular in the fact that the active diverging branches 13a, 13b define an angle of inclination of about 20 ° with respect to a horizontal plane which develop a compression cone a priori weaker than that of the divergent branches to
  • each diverging branch 13a, 13b is extended by a portion of flat 36a, 36b substantially vertical, itself extended by the reinforcement branch 14a, 14b which further extends in a horizontal plane.
  • a square stiffening box anchor as described for Figure 1 is provided with lifting fins 41a, 41b.
  • These fins 41a, 41b are formed by a flat portion extending laterally beyond the edge longitudinal 43a of the body 21a of the anchor, which is folded along a line 43a coinciding with the longitudinal edge 43a of the body 21a to form an angle of about 20 °.
  • the two fins 41a, 41b are symmetrical to one another with respect to the plane P.
  • These fins 41a, 41b define compression surfaces to the concrete when raising the construction element in the direction illustrated by the arrow R marked in Figure 13 or 14.
  • Ribs 60 shown schematically by sets of lines in Figures 13 and 14 are punched in the folds of the vanes 41a, 41b and are intended to increase the resistance to unfolding, they are located in the corner of the fins.
  • FIG. 13 is also an anchor provided with a stiffening box and lifting fins 41a and 41b, but the lines of articulation of the latter with the body 21a, 21b of the anchor pass through the axis.
  • median M of the anchor and transverse slots are made in the body of the anchor from the longitudinal edge 43a to the central axis M.
  • the embodiment of the fins 41a, 41b in the body itself of the flat allows a saving of material compared to the fins of the anchor of Figure 14 which require additional material. But the realization of the latter is simpler since does not require the formation of slots in the body of the flat.
  • the vanes 41a and 41b act in minor axial traction adhesion and mainly by developing a compression cone anchoring lift since inclined at 20 ° as identified in Figures 13 and 14.
  • the small amplitude a priori of the anchoring cone developed by an anchor provided with diverging branches inclined at 20 ° 13a, 13b is extended by extending these branches by an extension element 51, introduced into the rigidity box of the anchor and provided with two sections 52a, 52b of the same inclination as the diverging branches 13a, 13b that is to say, inclined by 20 ° relative to the horizontal.
  • the inclined faces 52a, 52b develop on either side of the stiffening box, anchoring cones of the same amplitude as the cone Ci nf developed by the stiffening box which increases the anchor anchor capacity.
  • the extension 51 of Figure 18 comprises two ribs 70 increasing its rigidity.
  • One or more frames 71 may be provided in addition.
  • This extension 51 may for example be 120 mm long L and protrude 45 mm (n) on either side of the stiffness box.
  • the latter can be 30 mm (o) wide, just like the width p of the body of the flat 21a of the anchor.
  • An extension of this type can be used to replace the intermediate inclined facets 31a, 31b shown in FIG. 4 which function in adhesion. Or, it can be used in addition to the anchors of Figures 1 to 12, mainly for thin slabs and with inclination angles of 20 to 45 ° by increasing the compression cone and adhesion.
  • the anchor with diverging branches inclined at 20 ° 13a, 13b is devoid of active facets, the bodies 21a, 21b of the flat extending only along a main plane P , and comprises an extension element 51 of the same type as that described for FIG. 19.
  • the extension extends on either side of the anchor over a length of 120 mm.
  • the anchor and the extension 51 are held in predetermined positions during the casting of the building element.
  • the extension element 51 increases the compression cone and allows a more efficient and shorter anchoring and can therefore be used in very thin slabs.
  • the anchors according to the invention may comprise alone or in combination one or other of the above features, that is to say:
  • this flat portion 14a, 14b may consist of a single piece when the anchor is formed by a single flat, or two separate flats when the anchor is formed by two flats associated
  • an anchor which comprises, as means for maintaining the inclination of the diverging branches 13a, 13b, a portion with various inclined faces in pairs
  • the anchor according to the invention has major advantages over the anchors of the state of the art.
  • the anchoring capacity developed by the branches inclined between 10 ° and 45 ° relative to a horizontal plane is greater than that developed by horizontal branches, that is to say perpendicular to the body of the anchor and 0 ° of inclination with respect to a plane horizontal.
  • the anchor can therefore have a shorter length than that of anchors of known type whose feet develop a lesser anchoring capacity, and can therefore be housed in the direction of the thickness of a panel even thin, or 'a veil.
  • the compression force defined by the diverging branches is directed in a preferential direction normal to the active face of a branch as represented by the arrow F1 in FIG. 1, and is therefore written in the plane D of the slab. or concrete panel 19.
  • the anchor according to the invention develops compression forces in the direction of the slab of larger dimension and therefore never in the direction of smaller dimension, avoiding a break in this direction.
  • an anchor of this type is made by a simple and inexpensive manufacturing process, based on the folding of a single or two flat.
  • none of the angles between two consecutive facets of the flat define an acute angle, which avoids any weakening of material that would be due to folding and avoids folding rework.
  • angles between divergent branches 13a, 13b and converging branches 14a, 14b are equal to or greater than 90 °.
  • the thickness of the flat used which is chosen of the order of a millimeter and at least 3 mm in the examples of illustrated anchors (see table 1 line "c"), when the anchor used is chosen to have a load capacity of 20 to 50 tons, makes it difficult or impossible to define an acute angle between a divergent branch 13a , 13b and the following convergent or horizontal branch 14a, 14b, even with the manufacture of the anchor by two flats assembled.
  • the thickness of the flat (3, 4, 5, 8 mm or more) actually defines a mechanical strength of 1, 3, 5 tons or more, which will allow to relate the anchor with the weight of the building elements. to handle.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an anchor for handling construction elements, such as concrete panels, said anchor being formed from at least one flat, comprising an upper part (1) extending along a main plane (P) and used for attaching to a materials-handling machine, and a lower part (17) for ensuring the anchoring (11) in the construction element, said lower part (17) comprising two arms (13a, 13b) diverging towards the lower end (17) of the anchor (11) and extending out of the main plane (P), forming a pre-determined angle (γ) between each other. According to the invention, the anchor (11) comprises at least one flat part (14a, 14b) connecting the two arms (13a, 13b) to each other in order to ensure that the pre-determined angle (γ) between said two arms (13a, 13b) is maintained. The invention can be used for handling concrete panels, slabs or blocks.

Description

« Ancre de manutention d'éléments de construction aux branches divergentes maintenues » ."Anchor for the handling of construction elements with diverging branches maintained".
L'invention concerne une ancre de manutention d'éléments de construction tels que des blocs et panneaux préfabriqués, notamment en béton ou en matériau composite, destinée à être solidarisée à un élément de construction pour faciliter sa préhension, en vue de son déplacement .The invention relates to a handling anchor for construction elements such as prefabricated blocks and panels, in particular made of concrete or composite material, intended to be secured to a construction element to facilitate its gripping, with a view to its displacement.
Une ancre de ce type, couramment utilisée est une ancre dite à queue d'aronde.An anchor of this type, commonly used is a so-called dovetail anchor.
Elle est constituée par un méplat dont la partie supérieure définit une tête d'accrochage qui assure une liaison entre l'élément de construction et un engin de manutention destiné à la déplacer, la partie centrale définit un corps et la partie inférieure, un pied.It consists of a flat part whose upper part defines a fastening head which provides a connection between the construction element and a handling machine intended to move it, the central part defines a body and the lower part a foot.
Le corps et le pied de l'ancre sont destinés à être immergés au sein du matériau constitutif du panneau de construction et à adhérer à celui-ci pour que l'ancre et l'élément de construction forment un ensemble unitaire transportable .The body and the foot of the anchor are intended to be immersed within the material constituting the building panel and to adhere thereto so that the anchor and the building element form a transportable unitary unit.
La forme en queue d'aronde est définie par le pied de l'ancre qui comprend deux branches divergeant l'une par rapport à l'autre suivant la direction opposée au levage, qui définissent deux surfaces d'appui pour les parties du panneau situées au-dessus de ces branches, et ainsi une certaine capacité d'ancrage.The dovetail shape is defined by the foot of the anchor which comprises two branches diverging relative to each other in the opposite direction to the lifting, which define two bearing surfaces for the parts of the panel located above these branches, and thus some anchoring ability.
Durant le levage, ces branches supportent en conséquence la majeure partie du poids du panneau et la partie du panneau interposée entre ces branches est le siège de forces de compression importantes.During lifting, these branches therefore bear most of the weight of the panel and the part of the panel interposed between these branches is the seat of significant compression forces.
Dans ces conditions, il est possible que l'inclinaison de ces branches par rapport au plan principal du méplat diminue, ce dont résulte une variation de la capacité d'ancrage développée par ces branches.Under these conditions, it is possible that the inclination of these branches relative to the main plane of the flat decreases, resulting in a variation of the anchoring capacity developed by these branches.
L'invention vise à pallier cet inconvénient, de façon économique tout en assurant des performances et un niveau de sécurité élevés, sans l'adjonction d'armature complémentaire en traction axiale.The invention aims to overcome this disadvantage, economically while ensuring high performance and a high level of safety, without the addition of additional reinforcement axial traction.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne une ancre de manutention d'éléments de construction, tels que des panneaux de béton, formée à partir d'au moins un méplat, comprenant une partie supérieure d'accrochage à un engin de manutention, s 'étendant selon un plan principal (P) et une partie formant le corps de l'ancre et une partie formant le pied de l'ancre et destinée à assurer l'ancrage dans l'élément de construction, ce pied comprenant deux branches divergeant en direction de l'extrémité inférieure de l'ancre et s 'étendant en dehors du plan principal (P) et formant entre elles un angle prédéterminé (γ) , les branches divergentes définissent un cône de compression lors du levage de l'élément de construction .To this end, the invention relates to a handling anchor of construction elements, such as concrete panels, formed from at least one flat, comprising an upper attachment part to a handling machine, s' extending along a main plane (P) and a part forming the body of the anchor and a part forming the foot of the anchor and intended to anchor in the construction element, this foot comprising two branches diverging in the direction from the lower end of the anchor and extending out of the main plane (P) and forming between them a predetermined angle (γ), the diverging branches define a compression cone during the lifting of the construction element.
Selon l'invention, l'ancre comprend au moins une partie de méplat reliant l'une à l'autre les deux branches pour assurer le maintien de l'angle prédéterminé (γ) entre ces deux branches, et former avec les branches divergentes, un caisson de rigidification localisé au niveau du pied de l ' ancre . Selon une autre caractéristique, elle comprend deux parties de méplat chacune solidaire de l'extrémité inférieure d'une branche divergente, ces deux parties de méplat convergeant l'une vers l'autre dans la direction de l'extrémité inférieure de l'ancre et étant en contact l'une de l'autre le long de leurs bords inférieurs et définissant des branches convergentes de maintien de 1 ' angle prédéterminé (γ) .According to the invention, the anchor comprises at least one flat portion connecting the two branches to one another to ensure the maintenance of the predetermined angle (γ) between these two branches, and to form with the divergent branches, a stiffening box located at the foot of the anchor. According to another characteristic, it comprises two flat portions each integral with the lower end of a diverging branch, these two flat portions converging towards one another in the direction of the lower end of the anchor and being in contact with each other along their lower edges and defining converging branches for holding the predetermined angle (γ).
Avantageusement, les deux branches convergentes sont solidaires l'une de l'autre par leurs bords inférieurs.Advantageously, the two converging branches are secured to one another by their lower edges.
De préférence, l'ancre est formée à partir de deux méplats, comprenant chacun des parties consécutives séparées deux à deux par des lignes de pliage et définissant une partie de tête, une branche divergente et une branche de maintien, le premier et le deuxième méplat étant disposés dos à dos.Preferably, the anchor is formed from two flats, each comprising consecutive portions separated two by two by fold lines and defining a head portion, a divergent branch and a holding branch, the first and the second flats being arranged back to back.
Selon une autre caractéristique, l'ancre est formée à partir d'un unique méplat comprenant des parties consécutives séparées deux à deux par des lignes de pliage et définissant une première partie de tête, une première branche divergente, une première branche de maintien, une deuxième branche de maintien, une deuxième branche divergente et une deuxième partie de tête.According to another characteristic, the anchor is formed from a single flat part comprising consecutive parts separated in pairs by fold lines and defining a first head portion, a first divergent branch, a first holding branch, a first second holding branch, a second diverging branch and a second leading part.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, elle comprend, interposée entre la tête et les branches divergentes, deux parties de méplat opposées divergeant l'une par rapport à l'autre en direction de l'extrémité de l'ancre formant des facettes actives qui, lorsque l'ancre est solidarisée à l'élément de construction, assurent l'adhérence de celle-ci au matériau de construction. De plus, elle peut comprendre, interposée entre les facettes actives et les branches divergentes des facettes intermédiaires convergeant l'une vers l'autre en direction de l'extrémité de l'ancre ou parallèles l'une de l ' autre .According to another embodiment, it comprises, interposed between the head and the diverging branches, two opposite flat portions diverging with respect to each other towards the end of the anchor forming active facets which, when the anchor is secured to the construction element, ensure the adhesion thereof to the building material. In addition, it may comprise, interposed between the active facets and divergent branches of the intermediate facets converging towards each other towards the end of the anchor or parallel to each other.
De préférence, les branches divergentes sont inclinées par rapport au plan principal (P) d'un angle compris entre 45° et 80°.Preferably, the diverging branches are inclined relative to the main plane (P) by an angle of between 45 ° and 80 °.
Lorsque les branches divergentes sont inclinées par rapport au plan principal (P) d'un angle sensiblement égal à 45°, les deux branches actives et les deux branches de maintien peuvent définir un contour rectangulaire, de préférence carré.When the diverging branches are inclined relative to the main plane (P) by an angle substantially equal to 45 °, the two active branches and the two holding arms can define a rectangular contour, preferably square.
Dans un autre cas, les branches actives comprennent chacune une portion inclinée par rapport au plan principal (P) d'un angle sensiblement égal à 70°, et une portion verticale parallèle au plan principal (P) , consécutive de la portion inclinée, les branches de maintien s 'étendant chacune à partir d'une portion verticale .In another case, the active branches each comprise a portion inclined relative to the main plane (P) by an angle substantially equal to 70 °, and a vertical portion parallel to the main plane (P), consecutive to the inclined portion, the holding legs extending each from a vertical portion.
Selon une autre caractéristique, les deux parties de méplat formant la tête sont plaquées l'une contre l'autre et comprennent des orifices de passage d'un anneau de levage .According to another characteristic, the two flat portions forming the head are pressed against each other and comprise holes for the passage of a lifting ring.
Autrement, les deux parties de méplat formant la tête sont écartées l'une de l'autre, l'ancre comprenant par exemple une tête cylindrique interposée entre les deux parties de méplat. Selon une autre caractéristique, deux parties de méplat successives du caisson de rigidité définissent deux à deux un angle égal ou supérieur à 90°.Otherwise, the two flat portions forming the head are spaced apart from each other, the anchor comprising for example a cylindrical head interposed between the two flat portions. According to another characteristic, two successive flat portions of the rigidity box define two by two an angle equal to or greater than 90 °.
Selon encore une autre caractéristique, le méplat est constitué d'acier.According to yet another feature, the flat is made of steel.
De préférence, l'ancre comprend deux ailettes de relevage s 'étendant le long d'un bord longitudinal du corps du méplat, chaque ailette définissant un angle d'inclinaison avec le corps du méplat .Preferably, the anchor comprises two luffing fins extending along a longitudinal edge of the body of the flat, each fin defining an angle of inclination with the body of the flat.
L'invention concerne également un dispositif de levage et/ou de relevage d'éléments de construction, comprenant une ancre telle que définie ci-dessus et un élément prolongateur présentant la forme générale d'un profilé, pourvu d'au moins deux pans opposés d'une même inclinaison que les branches divergentes de l'ancre, et conformé pour pouvoir traverser la cavité définie par le caisson de rigidification de l'ancre et s'étendre de part et d'autre de ce caisson avec chacun de ses deux pans inclinés prolongeant la branche divergente correspondante selon la même inclinaison.The invention also relates to a lifting device and / or lifting of building elements, comprising an anchor as defined above and an extension member having the general shape of a profile, provided with at least two opposite sides the same inclination as the diverging branches of the anchor, and shaped to be able to cross the cavity defined by the stiffening box of the anchor and extend on either side of this box with each of its two sides inclined extending the corresponding divergent branch at the same inclination.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui va suivre, faite en référence aux dessins annexés, donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, parmi lesquels :The invention will be better understood and other objects, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, with reference to the accompanying drawings, given solely by way of example, among which:
- la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective d'une ancre selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, en position au sein d'un panneau de construction en vue de son levage ; - la figure 2 montre une ancre selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, vue de face ;- Figure 1 shows a perspective view of an anchor according to a first embodiment of the invention, in position within a building panel for lifting; - Figure 2 shows an anchor according to a second embodiment of the invention, front view;
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective de l'ancre de la figure 2 ;FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the anchor of FIG. 2;
- la figure 4 représente une ancre selon un troisième mode de réalisation de l'invention, vue de face ;- Figure 4 shows an anchor according to a third embodiment of the invention, front view;
- la figure 5 est une vue de côté de l'ancre de la figure 4 ;- Figure 5 is a side view of the anchor of Figure 4;
la figure 6 correspond à une vue en perspective de l'ancre de la figure 4 ;Figure 6 is a perspective view of the anchor of Figure 4;
- les figures 7, 8 et 9 sont des vues respectivement de face, de côté et en perspective d'une troisième variante possible de réalisation de l'ancre selon l'invention ;- Figures 7, 8 and 9 are views respectively front, side and perspective of a third possible embodiment of the anchor according to the invention;
- les figures 10, 11 et 12 sont des vues respectivement de face, de côté et en perspective d'une quatrième variante possible de réalisation de l'ancre selon 1 ' invention.- Figures 10, 11 and 12 are views respectively front, side and perspective of a fourth possible embodiment of the anchor according to the invention.
- les figures 13 et 14 représentent une autre variante de réalisation possible de l'invention,FIGS. 13 and 14 represent another possible variant embodiment of the invention,
les figures 15 à 20 illustrent une autre variante possible de réalisation de l'invention.Figures 15 to 20 illustrate another possible embodiment of the invention.
Les dispositifs d'ancre selon l'invention ont été conçus pour permettre la manutention, notamment le levage, d'éléments de construction tels que des blocs ou panneaux préfabriqués en béton. La figure 1 montre un premier mode de réalisation d'une ancre selon l'invention désignée de façon générale par la référence 11.The anchor devices according to the invention have been designed to allow handling, including lifting, of building elements such as prefabricated concrete blocks or panels. FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of an anchor according to the invention generally designated by the reference 11.
Elle comporte une partie de tête 1, une partie 16 formant le corps de l'ancre et une partie 17 formant le pied.It comprises a head portion 1, a portion 16 forming the body of the anchor and a portion 17 forming the foot.
L'ancre 11, à l'exception de la tête 1 qui reste à l'extérieur du matériau de l'élément de construction est adaptée pour être accrochée à un engin de manutention, et est destinée à être noyée dans le matériau constitutif de l'élément de construction dont l'ancre facilite la manutention .The anchor 11, with the exception of the head 1 which remains outside the material of the construction element is adapted to be attached to a handling machine, and is intended to be embedded in the constituent material of the construction element whose anchor facilitates handling.
En général, cet élément de construction peut être une dalle ou un panneau de béton 19 et la tête 1 de l'ancre est accessible depuis une tranche libre 21 du panneau 19 au sein de laquelle a été pratiqué un évidemment 22 ou "réservation" autorisant le dépassement de la tête 1 de l'ancre, alors que le corps 16 et le pied 17 de l'ancre sont immergés dans le béton.In general, this element of construction can be a slab or a concrete panel 19 and the head 1 of the anchor is accessible from a free edge 21 of the panel 19 within which has been practiced a recess 22 or "reservation" authorizing the passing of the head 1 of the anchor, while the body 16 and the foot 17 of the anchor are immersed in the concrete.
L'ancre 11 selon la figure 1 est réalisée à partir de deux méplats identiques 12a, 12b, c'est-à-dire deux bandes rigides par exemple en métal dont l'épaisseur est faible par rapport à la largeur, qui sont chacun plié pour définir une branche active s 'étendant hors du plan principal du méplat .The anchor 11 according to Figure 1 is made from two identical flat portions 12a, 12b, that is to say two rigid strips for example of metal whose thickness is small relative to the width, which are each folded to define an active branch extending out of the main plane of the flat.
Chaque méplat est disposé dans le panneau de façon que sa largeur soit dans le sens de l'épaisseur du panneau.Each flat is disposed in the panel so that its width is in the direction of the thickness of the panel.
Les branches divergentes définissent des faces activesDiverging branches define active faces
15a, 15b qui, combinées à la surface développée du méplat permettent de solliciter le béton à la fois à l'adhérence et au cisaillement au droit des ancrages générés par les facettes .15a, 15b which, combined with the developed surface of the flat part, make it possible to apply the concrete both to the adhesion and shearing at the anchorages generated by the facets.
Du fait de leur inclinaison par rapport à un plan horizontal et de leur profondeur au sein du béton par rapport à la tête de l'ancre puisque disposées au niveau du pied de l'ancre, ces branches 13a, 13b définissent lors du levage, un cône de compression centré sur le plan principal de l'ancre, dont le sommet est situé vers le pied de l'ancre et dont la base s'étend autour de la tête de l'ancre. L'amplitude de la base du cône de compression est d'autant plus importante que l'inclinaison α d'une branche 13a, 13b est proche de 45°, et d'autant plus faible que cette inclinaison est proche d'un plan horizontal, c'est-à-dire d'une inclinaison à 0°.Because of their inclination with respect to a horizontal plane and their depth within the concrete with respect to the head of the anchor since arranged at the foot of the anchor, these branches 13a, 13b define when lifting, a compression cone centered on the main plane of the anchor, whose apex is located towards the foot of the anchor and whose base extends around the head of the anchor. The amplitude of the base of the compression cone is all the more important that the inclination α of a branch 13a, 13b is close to 45 °, and even lower than this inclination is close to a horizontal plane that is to say, an inclination at 0 °.
Selon l'invention, afin de maintenir fixe l'inclinaison des branches divergentes par rapport au plan longitudinal P du méplat lors du levage du panneau, l'ancre 11 comprend deux branches convergeant l'une vers l'autre 14a, 14b, horizontalement ou selon deux plans sécants et s 'étendant chacune dans le prolongement d'une branche divergente 13a, 13b dans la direction du pied de l'ancre.According to the invention, in order to keep fixed the inclination of the branches diverging with respect to the longitudinal plane P of the flat during lifting of the panel, the anchor 11 comprises two branches converging towards one another 14a, 14b, horizontally or in two secant planes and extending each in the extension of a divergent branch 13a, 13b in the direction of the foot of the anchor.
Les deux branches convergentes 14a, 14b définissent, pour les branches divergentes 13a, 13b qu'elles prolongent, des moyens de maintien de l'inclinaison de ces branches divergentes .The two convergent branches 14a, 14b define, for the diverging branches 13a, 13b that they extend, means for maintaining the inclination of these divergent branches.
En effet, les branches convergentes en contact 14a, 14b agissent sur les branches divergentes 13a, 13b telles des poutres de rigidification pour éviter le fléchissement de ces branches 13a, 13b sous l'effet qu'exerce le béton surplombant ces branches 13a, 13b lors du levage du panneau de béton. En outre, les deux branches convergentes 14a, 14b sont en contact l'une de l'autre par leurs bords 18a, 18b opposés aux branches divergentes 13a, 13b, pour définir avec ces branches divergentes 13a, 13b, un caisson indéformable par exemple de section transversale carrée.Indeed, the converging branches in contact 14a, 14b act on the diverging branches 13a, 13b such as stiffening beams to avoid the deflection of these branches 13a, 13b under the effect exerted by the concrete overhanging these branches 13a, 13b when lifting the concrete board. In addition, the two convergent branches 14a, 14b are in contact with each other by their edges 18a, 18b opposite the diverging branches 13a, 13b, to define with these diverging branches 13a, 13b, a non-deformable box for example of square cross section.
Les bords de contact 18a, 18b des portions convergentes 14a, 14b de l'ancre sont avantageusement solidarisés l'un à l'autre. Cette solidarisation se fait par exemple par soudage, par l'intermédiaire d'un ergot ou par pliage lorsque l'ancre est constituée d'un unique méplat.The contact edges 18a, 18b converging portions 14a, 14b of the anchor are advantageously secured to one another. This joining is done for example by welding, by means of a lug or by folding when the anchor consists of a single flat.
Ainsi, contrairement au cas de l'ancre à queue d'aronde précitée, les branches divergentes 13a, 13b ne tendent pas à voir varier leur inclinaison par rapport au plan principal P du méplat et le béton interposé entre les deux branches opposées 13a, 13b n'est pas surcomprimé.Thus, unlike the case of the aforementioned dovetail anchor, the diverging branches 13a, 13b do not tend to vary their inclination relative to the main plane P of the flat and the concrete interposed between the two opposite branches 13a, 13b is not supercharged.
En outre, les faces internes 17a, 17b des branches convergentes 14a, 14b participent à l'adhésion entre le béton et cette ancre.In addition, the inner faces 17a, 17b converging branches 14a, 14b participate in the adhesion between the concrete and the anchor.
La présence des branches 14a, 14b qui assurent le maintien de l'inclinaison des branches divergentes 13a, 13b permet de maintenir constant le cône d'ancrage défini par ces branches divergentes 13a, 13b.The presence of the branches 14a, 14b which maintain the inclination of the diverging branches 13a, 13b makes it possible to maintain constant the anchoring cone defined by these diverging branches 13a, 13b.
Par exemple, ces branches de maintien 14a, 14b permettent de maintenir constant le cône d'ancrage d'amplitude importante Cmax défini par des branches inclinées à 45° qui est schématiquement illustré sur la figure 1. Un tel cône d'amplitude Cmax définit une capacité d'ancrage ou de levage importante car développe un volume de béton le plus important possible (volume défini par le cône Cmax) . Elle est donc particulièrement adaptée au levage d'éléments très lourds de l'ordre de 5 à 10 T par exemple .For example, these holding branches 14a, 14b make it possible to keep constant the anchoring cone of large amplitude C max defined by branches inclined at 45 ° which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1. Such a cone of amplitude C max defines an important anchoring or lifting capacity because it develops a volume of concrete as large as possible (volume defined by the cone C max ). It is therefore particularly suitable for lifting very heavy elements of the order of 5 to 10 T for example.
Egalement, elles permettent de maintenir constant un cône d'amplitude moindre obtenu avec des branches divergentes 13a, 13b inclinées à seulement 20° par rapport à l'horizontale qui est illustré sur la figure 6. La capacité d'ancrage de ce cône est inférieure à celle du cône de l'ancre de la figure 1 car le volume de béton développé par les branches inclinées à 20° est moindre par rapport à celui développé par des branches inclinées à 45° .Also, they make it possible to keep constant a smaller amplitude cone obtained with diverging branches 13a, 13b inclined at only 20 ° relative to the horizontal which is illustrated in FIG. 6. The anchoring capacity of this cone is lower to that of the cone of the anchor of Figure 1 because the volume of concrete developed by the branches inclined at 20 ° is less compared to that developed by branches inclined at 45 °.
Mais dans les deux cas, l'amplitude du cône reste constante du fait de la présence des branches 14a, 14b de maintien de l'inclinaison des branches divergentes 13a, 13b si bien que la force de levage de l'ancre reste constante durant la levée de l'élément de construction et/ou suite à des levées successives.But in both cases, the amplitude of the cone remains constant due to the presence of the limbs 14a, 14b for maintaining the inclination of the diverging branches 13a, 13b so that the lifting force of the anchor remains constant during the lifting of the building element and / or following successive lifts.
Le caisson de rigidification, quelle que soit sa forme définit le pied de l'ancre qui est l'élément actif dans le béton en générant des zones de compression lors du levage.The stiffening box, whatever its shape, defines the foot of the anchor which is the active element in the concrete by generating compression zones during lifting.
La profondeur d'ancrage, c'est à dire la profondeur à laquelle se trouve le caisson par rapport à la partie supérieure de l'élément de construction en béton détermine la valeur de résistance de l'ancrage dans le béton .The depth of anchorage, that is to say the depth of the box relative to the top of the concrete building element determines the resistance value of the anchorage in the concrete.
Il y a en fait une corrélation entre la valeur de résistance mécanique de l'ancre et la profondeur d'ancrage. On décrit dans ce qui suit différents modes de réalisation d'ancres selon l'invention.There is in fact a correlation between the value of mechanical resistance of the anchor and the depth of anchorage. Various embodiments of anchors according to the invention are described below.
Les ancres des figures 1 à 3 et 7 à 12 comprennent deux branches divergentes 13a, 13b disposées au niveau du pied de l'ancre c'est-à-dire par exemple à au moins 120 mm de la tête de l'ancre (voir tableau 1 ci-dessous) et sont destinées à s'étendre à au moins 130 mm de profondeur dans l'élément de construction.The anchors of Figures 1 to 3 and 7 to 12 comprise two diverging branches 13a, 13b disposed at the foot of the anchor, that is to say for example at least 120 mm from the head of the anchor (see Table 1 below) and are intended to extend at least 130 mm deep into the building element.
Ces branches 13a, 13b sont inclinées de 45° par rapport à l'horizontale et les branches convergentes 14a, 14b définissent un angle droit avec les branches divergentes 13a, 13b.These branches 13a, 13b are inclined 45 ° relative to the horizontal and the converging branches 14a, 14b define a right angle with the diverging branches 13a, 13b.
Ainsi, le caisson formé par les branches divergentes 13a, 13b et convergentes 14a, 14b est de section carrée avec des côtés relativement courts. Ce caisson carré s'étend dans l'élément de construction à lever avec sa diagonale parallèle à la direction de levage. Du fait de cette section carrée, le caisson est très rigide et indéformable. Et du fait de l'inclinaison à 45°, le cône de compression développé est important .Thus, the box formed by the diverging branches 13a, 13b and convergent 14a, 14b is of square section with relatively short sides. This square box extends in the building element to lift with its diagonal parallel to the lifting direction. Due to this square section, the box is very rigid and dimensionally stable. And because of the inclination at 45 °, the compression cone developed is important.
Par contre, l'ancre des figures 4 à 6 comprend deux branches divergentes toujours disposée au niveau du pied de l'ancre mais définissant un angle α de 20°.On the other hand, the anchor of FIGS. 4 to 6 comprises two diverging branches always arranged at the foot of the anchor but defining an angle α of 20 °.
Cette ancre comprend des facettes intermédiaires 31a,This anchor comprises intermediate facets 31a,
31b, 32a, 32b qui viennent augmenter la surface d' adhérence de l ' ancre .31b, 32a, 32b which increase the adhesion surface of the anchor.
En outre dans ce mode de réalisation, les branches de maintien de l'angle d'inclinaison des branches divergentes 14a, 14b s'étendent selon un plan horizontal et non selon un plan incliné à 45° comme c'est le cas des branches 14a, 14b des figures 1 à 3 et 7 à 12.Furthermore, in this embodiment, the branches for maintaining the angle of inclination of the branches divergent 14a, 14b extend in a horizontal plane and not in a plane inclined at 45 ° as is the case of the branches 14a, 14b of Figures 1 to 3 and 7 to 12.
Ces branches horizontales 14a, 14b sont donc plus proches des branches divergentes inclinées à 20° de la figure 4 que ne le sont les branches convergentes 14a, 14b des branches inclinées à 45° de la figure 1, et définissent ainsi un caisson de faible hauteur mais qui est tout de même indéformable. Grâce à cette faible hauteur de caisson, pour une même longueur de corps d'ancre, l'ancre de la figure 4 présente une longueur totale inférieure à celle de la figure 7 et est particulièrement adaptée au transport de dalles de béton selon un plan horizontal puisque dans ce cas l'ancre s'étend selon la dimension la plus faible de la dalle, c'est-à-dire l'épaisseur (voir figure 6) .These horizontal branches 14a, 14b are therefore closer to the divergent branches inclined at 20 ° of FIG. 4 than are the convergent branches 14a, 14b of the branches inclined at 45 ° of FIG. 1, and thus define a box of low height. but which is still indeformable. With this low box height, for the same length of anchor body, the anchor of Figure 4 has a total length less than that of Figure 7 and is particularly suitable for transporting concrete slabs in a horizontal plane since in this case the anchor extends according to the smallest dimension of the slab, that is to say the thickness (see Figure 6).
De plus, pour une même longueur totale d'ancre, toujours du fait du caisson court résultant de l'inclinaison à 20° des branches divergentes 12a, 13b et de l'horizontalité des branches de maintien 14a, 14b, les branches divergentes 13a, 13b, à 20° d'inclinaison, peuvent être disposées plus proches de l'extrémité inférieure de l'ancre que dans le cas de l'ancre de la figure 7 dont les branches divergentes sont à 45° d'inclinaison et les branches de maintien ne sont pas horizontales mais convergent selon deux plans sécants vers l'extrémité inférieure de l'ancre. Les branches inclinées à 20° de l'ancre de la figure 4 sont donc susceptibles d'être disposées plus profondément dans une dalle ou un panneau, que les branches divergentes 13a, 13b de l'ancre de la figure 7. Ces branches 13a, 13b inclinées à 20° étant plus profondément ancrées dans le béton, peuvent développer une capacité d'ancrage comparable voire supérieure à celle des branches à 45° de la figure 7 bien que ces dernières développent un cône d'ancrage plus important .In addition, for the same total length of anchor, still due to the short box resulting from the inclination at 20 ° diverging branches 12a, 13b and the horizontality of the holding legs 14a, 14b, the diverging branches 13a, 13b, at 20 ° of inclination, may be arranged closer to the lower end of the anchor than in the case of the anchor of FIG. 7, the divergent branches of which are at 45 ° of inclination and the branches of maintenance are not horizontal but converge in two secant planes towards the lower end of the anchor. The branches inclined at 20 ° to the anchor of FIG. 4 are therefore capable of being disposed more deeply in a slab or a panel than the diverging branches 13a, 13b of the anchor of FIG. 7. These branches 13a, 13b inclined at 20 ° being more deeply anchored in the concrete, can develop a comparable anchorage capacity or greater than that of the 45 ° branches of Figure 7 although the latter develop a larger anchoring cone.
Chaque variante de réalisation sera maintenant décrite plus en détail .Each variant embodiment will now be described in more detail.
Selon l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur la figure 1, l'ancre est constituée par l'association de deux méplats identiques 12a, 12b, issus d'une bande métallique lisse telle que représentée, ou nervurée selon un mode de réalisation non illustré.According to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the anchor is constituted by the association of two identical flat portions 12a, 12b, from a smooth metal strip as shown, or ribbed according to a non-illustrated embodiment.
Chaque méplat 12a, 12b est plié le long de deux lignes de pliage, pour pourvoir le méplat 12a, 12b d'une partie principale s 'étendant selon un plan principal P, d'une branche active 13a, 13b s 'étendant hors du plan principal et d'une branche de maintien 14a, 14b prolongeant la branche active et revenant vers le plan principal.Each flat portion 12a, 12b is folded along two fold lines, to provide the flat portion 12a, 12b of a main portion extending along a main plane P, of an active branch 13a, 13b extending out of the plane main and a holding branch 14a, 14b extending the active branch and returning to the main plane.
Comme les différentes parties du méplat de droite 12b sur la figure 2 sont plus visibles que celles du méplat de gauche 12a, c'est le méplat de droite 12b qui sera décrit ci-dessous, cette description étant bien entendu valable pour le méplat de gauche 12a.As the different parts of the flat surface 12b in Figure 2 are more visible than those of the left flat surface 12a, it is the right flat surface 12b which will be described below, this description being of course valid for the left flat. 12a.
La première ligne de pliage 22b définit pour le méplat 12b la partie principale 21b, s'étendant selon le plan principal P et destinée à être plaquée contre la partie correspondante 21a du deuxième méplat 12a. Cette partie principale 21b porte à son extrémité supérieure, un orifice 23 dans lequel un crochet de manutention est destiné à s'engager. La branche active 13b s 'étendant à partir de la ligne de pliage 22b hors du plan principal P définit avec la partie principale 21b du méplat 12b, un angle d'environ 135° .The first fold line 22b defines for the flat portion 12b the main portion 21b, extending along the main plane P and intended to be pressed against the corresponding portion 21a of the second flat portion 12a. This main portion 21b carries at its upper end, an orifice 23 in which a handling hook is intended to engage. The active branch 13b extending from the fold line 22b out of the main plane P defines with the main portion 21b of the flat portion 12b an angle of about 135 °.
Ainsi, par rapport à un plan horizontal, la face active de la branche divergente 15b est inclinée de 45°.Thus, with respect to a horizontal plane, the active face of the diverging branch 15b is inclined by 45 °.
Comme mentionné ci-dessus, les branches divergentes 15a, 15b génèrent dans le béton, lors du levage, un cône de compression d'une amplitude importante, du fait de l'inclinaison à 45° relativement au plan horizontal des branches divergentes .As mentioned above, the diverging branches 15a, 15b generate in the concrete, during lifting, a compression cone of a large amplitude, due to the inclination at 45 ° relative to the horizontal plane diverging branches.
Et le caisson indéformable 17 formé par les branches divergentes actives et les branches convergentes de renfort, permet de maintenir fixe l'inclinaison des branches divergentes par rapport à un plan horizontal.And the indeformable caisson 17 formed by the active diverging branches and the converging branches of reinforcement, makes it possible to maintain fixed the inclination of the divergent branches relative to a horizontal plane.
Dans le mode de réalisation illustré sur les figures 10 à 12, l'ancre comprend toujours un caisson indéformable d'extrémité 17 disposé au niveau du pied de l'ancre mais elle est réalisée à partir d'un unique méplat 12 replié sur lui-même. Cet unique méplat est plié selon les lignes de pliage 22b et 23b pour définir la partie rectiligne 21b, la branche active 13b et la branche convergente 14b précitées puis pliée à 90° selon la pliure 25 de la figure 10 pour définir l'angle droit inférieur du caisson indéformable 17. Le méplat 12 est ensuite plié selon les lignes 23a et 22a pour définir les branches convergente 14a, divergente 13a et la partie rectiligne opposée 21a.In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10 to 12, the anchor always comprises a non-deformable end box 17 disposed at the foot of the anchor, but it is made from a single flat part 12 folded over it. even. This single flat is folded along the fold lines 22b and 23b to define the rectilinear portion 21b, the active branch 13b and the aforementioned converging branch 14b and then folded at 90 ° according to the fold 25 of FIG. 10 to define the lower right angle The flat part 12 is then folded along the lines 23a and 22a to define the convergent branches 14a, divergent 13a and the opposite rectilinear portion 21a.
En outre, selon ce mode de réalisation, les parties rectilignes 21a, 21b du méplat sont écartées l'une de l'autre et définissent un espace pour accueillir une tête de préhension 30, par exemple cylindrique à vis ou non, ou d'une toute autre forme adaptable à n'importe quel moyen de préhension. Cet écartement provoque en outre un plus grand volume du pied de l'ancre et du béton.In addition, according to this embodiment, the rectilinear portions 21a, 21b of the flat are spaced apart from each other and define a space to accommodate a head gripper 30, for example cylindrical screw or not, or any other form adaptable to any gripping means. This spacing also causes a greater volume of the foot of the anchor and concrete.
Selon l'exemple de réalisation illustré sur les figures 2 et 3, l'ancre 11 est toujours réalisée par l'association de deux méplats identiques mais ceux-ci définissent un caisson supplémentaire par rapport au mode de réalisation de la figure 2, interposé entre le corps 16 de l'ancre 11 et le premier caisson 17.According to the exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the anchor 11 is always made by the combination of two identical flat portions, but these define an additional box with respect to the embodiment of FIG. 2, interposed between the body 16 of the anchor 11 and the first caisson 17.
Plus précisément, chaque méplat 12a, 12b comprend quatre lignes de pliage, le séparant en une partie rectiligne 21b, une lame supérieure 31b s' étendant hors du plan principal défini par la partie rectiligne, une lame inférieure 32b ramenant le méplat vers le plan principal, la branche active précitée 13 et la branche de renfort susmentionnée 14b.More specifically, each flat portion 12a, 12b comprises four fold lines, separating it into a rectilinear portion 21b, an upper blade 31b extending out of the main plane defined by the straight portion, a lower blade 32b bringing the flat toward the main plane , the aforementioned active branch 13 and the aforementioned reinforcing branch 14b.
Les lames supérieures 31a, 31b des deux méplats divergent l'une par rapport à l'autre en direction du pied de l'ancre 11 et définissent une ouverture angulaire d'environ 15°. Les lames inférieures 32a, 32b convergent l'une vers l'autre pour être pratiquement en contact l'une de l'autre. Elles définissent des surfaces d'appui pour la partie de béton interposée entre les lames divergentes 31a, 31b lors du levage.The upper blades 31a, 31b of the two flats diverge relative to each other towards the foot of the anchor 11 and define an angular aperture of about 15 °. The lower blades 32a, 32b converge towards each other to be substantially in contact with each other. They define bearing surfaces for the concrete portion interposed between the diverging blades 31a, 31b during lifting.
Les lames supérieures 31a, 31b définissent des portions actives intermédiaires d'adhérence entre l'ancre et le béton, qui développent un cône de compression très faible, étant donné l'inclinaison d'environ 80° de ces lames par rapport à un plan horizontal . L'ancre comprend en supplément de l'orifice de passage 23 du crochet de manutention, une lumière de passage 34 pour un renfort métallique.The upper blades 31a, 31b define intermediate active portions of adhesion between the anchor and the concrete, which develop a very weak compression cone, given the inclination of about 80 ° of these blades relative to a horizontal plane . The anchor comprises in addition to the passage opening 23 of the handling hook, a passage lumen 34 for a metal reinforcement.
Les lames 31a, 31b et les branches divergentes 13a, 13b et convergentes 14a, 14b combinées à la surface développée du méplat permettent de solliciter le béton à la fois à l'adhérence et au cisaillement au droit des ancrages générés par les facettes.The blades 31a, 31b and the diverging branches 13a, 13b and convergent 14a, 14b combined with the developed surface of the flat part make it possible to urge the concrete both at the adhesion and at the shear at the level of the anchors generated by the facets.
Selon le mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 7 à 9, l'ancre est encore réalisée à l'aide de deux méplats identiques définissant un caisson d'extrémité 17 de section transversale carrée, et des lames actives supérieures 31a, 31b mais les lames inférieures 32a, 32b ne convergent pas l'une vers l'autre. Elles sont au contraire parallèles l'une à l'autre. Elles ne définissent donc pas de surface d'appui pour la partie de béton interposée entre les lames divergentes 31a, 31b mais simplement un volume interne longitudinal débouchant sur le volume interne carré du caisson d'extrémité 17.According to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, the anchor is again made using two identical flats defining an end box 17 of square cross-section, and upper active blades 31a, 31b but the blades lower 32a, 32b do not converge towards each other. On the contrary, they are parallel to each other. They therefore do not define a bearing surface for the part of concrete interposed between the diverging blades 31a, 31b but simply a longitudinal internal volume opening on the square internal volume of the end box 17.
Les figures 4 à 6 illustrent un autre mode de réalisation d'une ancre formée à partir de deux méplats métalliques identiques. La particularité de ce mode de réalisation réside notamment dans le fait que les branches divergentes actives 13a, 13b définissent un angle d'inclinaison d'environ 20° par rapport à un plan horizontal qui développent un cône de compression a priori plus faible que celui des branches divergentes àFigures 4 to 6 illustrate another embodiment of an anchor formed from two identical metal flats. The particularity of this embodiment resides in particular in the fact that the active diverging branches 13a, 13b define an angle of inclination of about 20 ° with respect to a horizontal plane which develop a compression cone a priori weaker than that of the divergent branches to
45° des figures 1 à 3 et 7 à 12.45 ° of Figures 1 to 3 and 7 to 12.
Dans ce cas, chaque branche divergente 13a, 13b est prolongée par une portion de méplat 36a, 36b sensiblement verticale, elle-même prolongée par la branche de renfort précitée 14a, 14b qui s'étend en outre selon un plan horizontal .In this case, each diverging branch 13a, 13b is extended by a portion of flat 36a, 36b substantially vertical, itself extended by the reinforcement branch 14a, 14b which further extends in a horizontal plane.
Tableau 1 Dimensions des ancres représentéesTable 1 Dimensions of the anchors represented
Par ailleurs, selon la variante de réalisation représentée sur la figure 13 ou 14, une ancre de caisson de rigidification carré tel que décrit pour la figure 1 est pourvue d'ailettes de relevage 41a, 41b.Furthermore, according to the alternative embodiment shown in Figure 13 or 14, a square stiffening box anchor as described for Figure 1 is provided with lifting fins 41a, 41b.
Ces ailettes 41a, 41b sont formées par une partie de méplat s'étendant latéralement au-delà du bord longitudinal 43a du corps 21a de l'ancre, qui est repliée le long d'une ligne 43a coïncidant avec le bord longitudinal 43a du corps 21a pour former, un angle d'environ 20° .These fins 41a, 41b are formed by a flat portion extending laterally beyond the edge longitudinal 43a of the body 21a of the anchor, which is folded along a line 43a coinciding with the longitudinal edge 43a of the body 21a to form an angle of about 20 °.
Les deux ailettes 41a, 41b sont symétriques l'une de l'autre par rapport au plan P.The two fins 41a, 41b are symmetrical to one another with respect to the plane P.
Ces ailettes 41a, 41b définissent des surfaces de compression au béton lors du relevage de l'élément de construction dans le sens illustré par la flèche R repérée sur la figure 13 ou 14.These fins 41a, 41b define compression surfaces to the concrete when raising the construction element in the direction illustrated by the arrow R marked in Figure 13 or 14.
Des nervures 60, représentées schématiquement par des ensembles de traits sur les figures 13 et 14 sont poinçonnées dans les plis des ailettes 41a, 41b et ont pour but d'augmenter la résistance au dépliage, elles sont situées dans l'angle des ailettes.Ribs 60, shown schematically by sets of lines in Figures 13 and 14 are punched in the folds of the vanes 41a, 41b and are intended to increase the resistance to unfolding, they are located in the corner of the fins.
L'exemple de la figure 13 est également une ancre pourvue d'un caisson de rigidification et d'ailettes de relevage 41a et 41b mais les lignes d'articulation de ces dernières au corps 21a, 21b de l'ancre passent par l'axe médian M de l'ancre et des fentes transversales (dont une seule 44a est visible sur la figure 15) sont réalisées dans le corps de l'ancre depuis le bord longitudinal 43a jusqu'à l'axe médian M.The example of FIG. 13 is also an anchor provided with a stiffening box and lifting fins 41a and 41b, but the lines of articulation of the latter with the body 21a, 21b of the anchor pass through the axis. median M of the anchor and transverse slots (of which only one 44a is visible in Figure 15) are made in the body of the anchor from the longitudinal edge 43a to the central axis M.
La réalisation des ailettes 41a, 41b dans le corps même du méplat permet une économie de matière par rapport aux ailettes de l'ancre de la figure 14 qui nécessitent une matière supplémentaire. Mais la réalisation de ces dernières est plus simple puisque ne requiert pas la formation de fentes au sein du corps du méplat. Les ailettes 41a et 41b agissent minoritairement en adhérence en traction axiale et majoritairement par développement d'un cône de compression en relevage d'ancrage puisque inclinées à 20° tel que repéré sur les figures 13 et 14.The embodiment of the fins 41a, 41b in the body itself of the flat allows a saving of material compared to the fins of the anchor of Figure 14 which require additional material. But the realization of the latter is simpler since does not require the formation of slots in the body of the flat. The vanes 41a and 41b act in minor axial traction adhesion and mainly by developing a compression cone anchoring lift since inclined at 20 ° as identified in Figures 13 and 14.
Dans l'exemple illustré sur les figures 15 à 20, on pallie la a priori faible amplitude du cône d'ancrage développé par une ancre pourvue de branches divergentes inclinées à 20° 13a, 13b, en prolongeant ces branches par un élément prolongateur 51, introduit dans le caisson de rigidité de l'ancre et pourvu de deux pans 52a, 52b de la même inclinaison que les branches divergentes 13a, 13b c'est-à-dire, incliné de 20° par rapport à l'horizontale.In the example illustrated in FIGS. 15 to 20, the small amplitude a priori of the anchoring cone developed by an anchor provided with diverging branches inclined at 20 ° 13a, 13b is extended by extending these branches by an extension element 51, introduced into the rigidity box of the anchor and provided with two sections 52a, 52b of the same inclination as the diverging branches 13a, 13b that is to say, inclined by 20 ° relative to the horizontal.
Les pans inclinés 52a, 52b développent de part et d'autre du caisson de rigidification, des cônes d'ancrage de même amplitude que le cône Cinf développé par le caisson de rigidification ce qui augmente la capacité d'ancrage de l'ancre.The inclined faces 52a, 52b develop on either side of the stiffening box, anchoring cones of the same amplitude as the cone Ci nf developed by the stiffening box which increases the anchor anchor capacity.
Le prolongateur 51 de la figure 18 comprend deux nervures 70 augmentant sa rigidité.The extension 51 of Figure 18 comprises two ribs 70 increasing its rigidity.
Une ou plusieurs armatures 71 peuvent être prévues en complément .One or more frames 71 may be provided in addition.
Ce prolongateur 51 peut par exemple faire 120 mm de longueur L et dépasser de 45 mm (n) de part et d'autre du caisson de rigidité. Ce dernier peut faire 30 mm (o) de large, tout comme la largeur p du corps du méplat 21a de 1 ' ancre .This extension 51 may for example be 120 mm long L and protrude 45 mm (n) on either side of the stiffness box. The latter can be 30 mm (o) wide, just like the width p of the body of the flat 21a of the anchor.
Des études comparatives menées par simulation numériques ont montré que l'ajout de l'élément prolongateur 51 a permis l'augmentation de la performance de l'ancre en terme de résistance à l'arrachement de 33% pour des essais de traction, tel que l'illustre le tableau 2 ci- dessous :Comparative studies conducted by numerical simulation have shown that the addition of the extension element 51 has increased the anchor performance in terms of pull-out strength by 33% for tensile tests, as shown in Table 2 below:
Tableau 2Table 2
Comparaison des performances d'ancres avec et sans prolongateurPerformance comparison of anchors with and without extender
Un prolongateur de ce type peut être utilisé en remplacement des facettes inclinées intermédiaires 31a, 31b représentées sur la figure 4 qui fonctionnent en adhérence. Ou bien, il peut être utilisé en complément des ancres des figures 1 à 12, principalement pour les dalles minces et avec des angles d'inclinaison de 20 à 45° en augmentant le cône de compression et l'adhérence.An extension of this type can be used to replace the intermediate inclined facets 31a, 31b shown in FIG. 4 which function in adhesion. Or, it can be used in addition to the anchors of Figures 1 to 12, mainly for thin slabs and with inclination angles of 20 to 45 ° by increasing the compression cone and adhesion.
Tel qu'illustré sur les figures 18 à 20, dans ce cas, l'ancre à branches divergentes inclinées à 20° 13a, 13b est dépourvue de facettes actives, les corps 21a, 21b du méplat s 'étendant uniquement selon un plan principal P, et comprend un élément prolongateur 51 du même type que celui décrit pour la figure 19.As illustrated in FIGS. 18 to 20, in this case, the anchor with diverging branches inclined at 20 ° 13a, 13b is devoid of active facets, the bodies 21a, 21b of the flat extending only along a main plane P , and comprises an extension element 51 of the same type as that described for FIG. 19.
Dans l'exemple illustré, le prolongateur s'étend de part et d'autre de l'ancre sur une longueur de 120 mm. L'ancre et le prolongateur 51 sont maintenus dans des positions prédéterminées durant la coulée de l'élément de construction.In the example shown, the extension extends on either side of the anchor over a length of 120 mm. The anchor and the extension 51 are held in predetermined positions during the casting of the building element.
L'élément prolongateur 51 augmente le cône de compression et permet de réaliser un ancrage plus performant et plus court et peut donc être utilisé dans des dalles très minces .The extension element 51 increases the compression cone and allows a more efficient and shorter anchoring and can therefore be used in very thin slabs.
II est possible de réaliser par pliage d'une feuille métallique une ancre monobloc définissant la tête, le corps le caisson de rigidité et l'élément prolongateur, ce qui permet une réalisation plus économique que l'ancre et le prolongateur en tant que pièces séparées .It is possible to make by folding a metal sheet a monobloc anchor defining the head, the body the rigidity box and the extension element, which allows a more economical embodiment than the anchor and the extension as separate parts. .
Les particularités des modes de réalisation de l'ancre ci dessus décrits, telles que la forme à section carrée du caisson, l'étendue horizontale des branches convergentes, l'inclinaison à 10, 20, ... 45° des branches divergentes, la présence ou l'absence de facettes intermédiaires 31, leur nombre, peuvent être combinées les uns aux autres pour définir un ancrage optimal en fonction de l'élément de construction à lever.The particularities of the embodiments of the anchor described above, such as the square section form of the box, the horizontal extent of the converging branches, the inclination at 10, 20, ... 45 ° of the diverging branches, the the presence or the absence of intermediate facets 31, their number, can be combined with each other to define an optimal anchoring according to the building element to be lifted.
En fonction des besoins, les ancres selon l'invention peuvent comporter seule ou en combinaison l'une ou l'autre des particularités ci-dessus, c'est-à-dire :Depending on the needs, the anchors according to the invention may comprise alone or in combination one or other of the above features, that is to say:
- des facettes intermédiaires 31a, 31b de longueur et d'inclinaisons variablesintermediate facets 31a, 31b of variable length and inclination
- un caisson de rigidification dont les branches divergentes 13a, 13b sont inclinées à 45° et développent un cône d'ancrage importanta stiffening box whose diverging branches 13a, 13b are inclined at 45 ° and develop an important anchoring cone
- un caisson aux branches divergentes inclinées 13a, 13b à 20° (autres figures) - une ancre dont la partie de méplat (14a, 14b) assurant la fonction de maintien de l'angle d'inclinaison des branches divergentes 13a, 13b comporte une portion horizontale, cette partie de méplat 14a, 14b pouvant être constituée d'une seule pièce lorsque l'ancre est formée par un seul méplat, ou de deux méplats distincts lorsque l'ancre est formée par deux méplats associésa box with inclined diverging branches 13a, 13b at 20 ° (other figures) - An anchor whose flat portion (14a, 14b) providing the function of maintaining the angle of inclination of the diverging branches 13a, 13b comprises a horizontal portion, this flat portion 14a, 14b may consist of a single piece when the anchor is formed by a single flat, or two separate flats when the anchor is formed by two flats associated
- ou une ancre qui comporte comme moyen de maintien de l'inclinaison des branches divergentes 13a, 13b une portion à divers pans inclinés deux à deuxor an anchor which comprises, as means for maintaining the inclination of the diverging branches 13a, 13b, a portion with various inclined faces in pairs
- une ancre pourvue en complément, d'un élément prolongateur- an anchor provided in addition, an extension element
- ou encore d'ailettes de relevage telles que représentées sur la figure notamment 13.- Or else lifting fins as shown in Figure 13 in particular.
Comme il ressort de la description qui vient d'être faite et des figures, l'ancre selon l'invention présente des avantages majeurs par rapport aux ancres de l'état de la technique.As can be seen from the description which has just been given and from the figures, the anchor according to the invention has major advantages over the anchors of the state of the art.
Elle évite aux branches actives divergentes de fléchir sous le poids du béton lors du levage, grâce aux moyens de maintien de l'inclinaison de ces branches, constitué par les branches de renfort convergentes.It prevents divergent active branches from bending under the weight of the concrete during lifting, thanks to the means for maintaining the inclination of these branches, constituted by the converging reinforcing arms.
Elle est particulièrement adaptée au levage de panneaux ou voiles minces .It is particularly suitable for lifting thin panels or sails.
En effet, lors du levage du panneau de béton, la capacité d'ancrage développée par les branches inclinées entre 10° et 45° par rapport à un plan horizontal est plus importante que celle développée par des branches horizontales, c'est-à-dire perpendiculaires au corps de l'ancre et de 0° d'inclinaison par rapport à un plan horizontal. L'ancre peut donc présenter une longueur moindre que celle d'ancres de type connu dont les pieds développent une capacité d'ancrage moins importante, et peut donc être logée dans le sens de l'épaisseur d'un panneau même mince, ou d'un voile.Indeed, when lifting the concrete panel, the anchoring capacity developed by the branches inclined between 10 ° and 45 ° relative to a horizontal plane is greater than that developed by horizontal branches, that is to say perpendicular to the body of the anchor and 0 ° of inclination with respect to a plane horizontal. The anchor can therefore have a shorter length than that of anchors of known type whose feet develop a lesser anchoring capacity, and can therefore be housed in the direction of the thickness of a panel even thin, or 'a veil.
De plus, la force de compression définie par les branches divergentes est dirigée selon une direction préférentielle normale à la face active d'une branche telle que représentée par la flèche Fl de la figure 1, et est donc inscrite dans le plan D de la dalle ou panneau de béton 19. Ainsi, contrairement aux ancres dont le pied est en forme de disque et déploie du fait de sa forme circulaire, des forces sur les 360° du disque, l'ancre selon l'invention développe des forces de compression dans la direction de la dalle de plus grande dimension et donc jamais selon la direction de plus faible dimension, évitant une cassure selon cette direction.In addition, the compression force defined by the diverging branches is directed in a preferential direction normal to the active face of a branch as represented by the arrow F1 in FIG. 1, and is therefore written in the plane D of the slab. or concrete panel 19. Thus, unlike anchors whose foot is disk-shaped and deploys because of its circular shape, forces on 360 ° of the disk, the anchor according to the invention develops compression forces in the direction of the slab of larger dimension and therefore never in the direction of smaller dimension, avoiding a break in this direction.
En outre, une ancre de ce type est réalisée par un procédé de fabrication simple et peu onéreux, basé sur le pliage d'un unique ou de deux méplat.In addition, an anchor of this type is made by a simple and inexpensive manufacturing process, based on the folding of a single or two flat.
De plus, dans tous les modes de réalisation, aucun des angles entre deux facettes consécutives du méplat ne définissent d'angle aigu, ce qui évite tout affaiblissement de matière qui serait dû au pliage et évite des reprises de pliage.Moreover, in all the embodiments, none of the angles between two consecutive facets of the flat define an acute angle, which avoids any weakening of material that would be due to folding and avoids folding rework.
D'ailleurs, dans les modes de réalisation illustrés, les angles entre branches divergentes 13a, 13b et branches convergentes 14a, 14b sont égaux ou supérieurs à 90°.Moreover, in the illustrated embodiments, the angles between divergent branches 13a, 13b and converging branches 14a, 14b are equal to or greater than 90 °.
En effet, l'épaisseur du méplat utilisé, qui est choisie de l'ordre du millimètre et d'au moins 3 mm dans les exemples d'ancres illustrés (voir tableau 1 ligne « c ») , lorsque l'ancre utilisée est choisie pour avoir une capacité de charge de 20 à 50 tonnes, rend difficile voire impossible la définition d'un angle aigu entre une branche divergente 13a, 13b et la branche convergente ou horizontale suivante 14a, 14b, même avec une fabrication de l'ancre par deux méplats assemblés.Indeed, the thickness of the flat used, which is chosen of the order of a millimeter and at least 3 mm in the examples of illustrated anchors (see table 1 line "c"), when the anchor used is chosen to have a load capacity of 20 to 50 tons, makes it difficult or impossible to define an acute angle between a divergent branch 13a , 13b and the following convergent or horizontal branch 14a, 14b, even with the manufacture of the anchor by two flats assembled.
L'épaisseur du méplat (3, 4, 5, 8 mm ou plus) définit en fait une résistance mécanique de 1, 3, 5 tonnes ou plus, qui va permettre de mettre en rapport l'ancre avec le poids des éléments de construction à manutentionner. The thickness of the flat (3, 4, 5, 8 mm or more) actually defines a mechanical strength of 1, 3, 5 tons or more, which will allow to relate the anchor with the weight of the building elements. to handle.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Ancre de levage ou de relevage d'éléments de construction, tels que des panneaux de béton, formée à partir d'au moins un méplat, comprenant une partie supérieure d'accrochage (1) à un engin de manutention, s 'étendant selon un plan principal (P) une partie 16 formant le corps de l'ancre et une partie 17 formant le pied de l'ancre et destinée à assurer l'ancrage (11) dans l'élément de construction, ce pied (17) comprenant deux branches (13a, 13b) divergeant en direction de l'extrémité inférieure (17) de l'ancre (11), s'étendant en dehors du plan principal (P) et formant entre elles un angle prédéterminé (γ) , ces branches divergentes définissant un cône de compression lors du levage de l'élément de construction, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins une partie de méplat (14a, 14b) reliant l'une à l'autre les deux branches (13a, 13b) pour assurer le maintien de l'angle prédéterminé (γ) entre ces deux branches (13a, 13b) et former avec les branches divergentes, un caisson de rigidification localisé au niveau du pied de l'ancre.1. Anchor for lifting or lifting construction elements, such as concrete panels, formed from at least one flat, comprising an upper attachment part (1) to a handling machine, extending in a main plane (P) a part 16 forming the body of the anchor and a part 17 forming the foot of the anchor and intended to ensure the anchoring (11) in the construction element, this foot (17) comprising two branches (13a, 13b) diverging in the direction of the lower end (17) of the anchor (11), extending out of the main plane (P) and forming a predetermined angle (γ) between them, these diverging branches defining a compression cone during the lifting of the construction element, characterized in that it comprises at least one flat portion (14a, 14b) connecting the two branches (13a, 13b) to each other ) to maintain the predetermined angle (γ) between these two branches (13a, 13b) and to form with the branches are divergent, a stiffening box located at the foot of the anchor.
2. Ancre selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend deux parties de méplat (14a, 14b) chacune solidaire de l'extrémité inférieure d'une branche divergente (13a, 13b) , ces deux parties de méplat convergeant l'une vers l'autre dans la direction de l'extrémité inférieure (17) de l'ancre (11) et étant en contact l'une de l'autre le long de leurs bords inférieurs (18a, 18b) et définissant des branches convergentes de maintien de l'angle prédéterminé (γ) . 2. Anchor according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two flat portions (14a, 14b) each secured to the lower end of a diverging branch (13a, 13b), these two flat portions converging the toward each other in the direction of the lower end (17) of the anchor (11) and being in contact with each other along their lower edges (18a, 18b) and defining converging limbs maintaining the predetermined angle (γ).
3. Ancre selon la revendication 2, caractérisée ne ce que les deux branches convergentes (14a, 14b) sont solidaires l'une de l'autre par leurs bords inférieurs (18a, 18b) .3. Anchor according to claim 2, characterized in that the two converging branches (14a, 14b) are secured to one another by their lower edges (18a, 18b).
4. Ancre selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est formée à partir de deux méplats, comprenant chacun des parties consécutives séparées deux à deux par des lignes de pliage (22a, 23a) et définissant une partie de tête (1) , une branche divergente (13a) et une branche de maintien (14a) , le premier et le deuxième méplat (12a, 12b) étant disposés dos à dos.4. Anchor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it is formed from two flats, each comprising consecutive portions separated in pairs by fold lines (22a, 23a) and defining a head portion ( 1), a diverging limb (13a) and a holding limb (14a), the first and second flats (12a, 12b) being arranged back to back.
5. Ancre selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est formée à partir d'un unique méplat (12) comprenant des parties consécutives séparées deux à deux par des lignes de pliage (22a, 23a, 25, 23b, 22b) et définissant une première partie de tête (21a) , une première branche divergente (13a) , une première branche de maintien (14a) , une deuxième branche de maintien (14b) , une deuxième branche divergente (13b) et une deuxième partie de tête (21b) .5. Anchor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it is formed from a single flat (12) comprising consecutive parts separated in pairs by fold lines (22a, 23a, 25, 23b, 22b) and defining a first head portion (21a), a first diverging leg (13a), a first holding leg (14a), a second holding leg (14b), a second diverging leg (13b) and a second leg head (21b).
6. Ancre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend, interposée entre la tête (1) et les branches divergentes (13a, 13b) , deux parties de méplat opposées (31a, 31b) divergeant l'une par rapport à l'autre en direction de l'extrémité (17) de l'ancre (11) formant des facettes actives qui, lorsque l'ancre est solidarisée à l'élément de construction, assurent l'adhérence de celle-ci au matériau de construction .6. Anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises, interposed between the head (1) and the divergent arms (13a, 13b), two opposed flat portions (31a, 31b) diverging one relative to the other towards the end (17) of the anchor (11) forming active facets which, when the anchor is secured to the construction element, ensure the adhesion thereof to the building material.
7. Ancre selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend, interposée entre les facettes actives (31a, 31b) et les branches divergentes (13a, 13b) des facettes intermédiaires (32a, 32b) convergeant l'une vers l'autre en direction de l'extrémité (17) de l'ancre ou parallèles l'une de l'autre.Anchor according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises, interposed between the active facets (31a, 31b) and the diverging branches (13a, 13b) of the intermediate facets (32a, 32b) converging towards each other towards the end (17) of the anchor or parallel to each other.
8. Ancre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les branches divergentes (13a, 13b) sont inclinées par rapport au plan principal (P) d'un angle (γ/2) compris entre 45° et 80°.8. Anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diverging branches (13a, 13b) are inclined relative to the main plane (P) of an angle (γ / 2) between 45 ° and 80 °.
9. Ancre selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les branches divergentes (13a, 13b) sont inclinées par rapport au plan principal (P) d'un angle sensiblement égal à 45°, les deux branches divergentes (13a, 13b) et les deux branches de maintien (14a, 14b) définissant un contour rectangulaire, de préférence carré.9. Anchor according to claim 8, characterized in that the diverging branches (13a, 13b) are inclined relative to the main plane (P) by an angle substantially equal to 45 °, the two diverging branches (13a, 13b) and the two holding legs (14a, 14b) defining a rectangular contour, preferably square.
10. Ancre selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que les branches divergentes (13a, 13b) comprennent chacune une portion inclinée par rapport au plan principal (P) d'un angle sensiblement égal a 70°, et une portion verticale (36a, 36b) parallèle au plan principal10. Anchor according to claim 8, characterized in that the diverging branches (13a, 13b) each comprise a portion inclined relative to the main plane (P) by an angle substantially equal to 70 °, and a vertical portion (36a, 36b) parallel to the main plane
(P) , consécutive de la portion inclinée (13a, 13b) , les branches de maintien (14a, 14b) s 'étendant chacune à partir d'une portion verticale (36a, 36b) .(P), consecutive of the inclined portion (13a, 13b), the holding legs (14a, 14b) each extending from a vertical portion (36a, 36b).
11. Ancre selon l'une des revendications 4 à 10, caractérisée en ce que les deux parties de méplat (21a, 21b) formant la tête (1) sont plaquées l'une contre l'autre et comprennent des orifices de passage (23) d'un anneau de levage ou d'une armature complémentaire.11. Anchor according to one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the two flat portions (21a, 21b) forming the head (1) are pressed against each other and comprise through holes (23). ) a hoisting ring or additional reinforcement.
12. Ancre selon l'une des revendications 4 à 10, caractérisée en ce que les deux parties de méplat (21a, 21b) formant la tête (1) sont écartées l'une de l'autre, l'ancre comprenant une tête (30) interposée entre les deux parties de méplat (21a, 21b) .Anchor according to one of Claims 4 to 10, characterized in that the two flat portions (21a, 21b) forming the head (1) are spaced from one another, the anchor comprising a head (30) interposed between the two flat portions (21a, 21b).
13. Ancre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que deux parties de méplat successives13. Anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two successive flat portions
(13a, 14a, 14b, 13b) du caisson de rigidité définissent deux à deux un angle égal ou supérieur à 90° .(13a, 14a, 14b, 13b) of the rigidity box define two by two an angle equal to or greater than 90 °.
14. Ancre selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le méplat est constitué d'acier.14. Anchor according to claim 13, characterized in that the flat is made of steel.
15. Ancre selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend deux ailettes de relevage (41a, 41b) s 'étendant le long d'un bord longitudinal du corps du méplat (21a, 21b) , chaque ailette (41a, 41b) définissant un angle d'inclinaison avec le corps du méplat (21a, 21b) .15. Anchor according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two luffing fins (41a, 41b) extending along a longitudinal edge of the body of the flat (21a, 21b), each fin ( 41a, 41b) defining an angle of inclination with the body of the flat (21a, 21b).
16. Dispositif de levage et/ou de relevage d'éléments de construction, comprenant une ancre selon l'une des revendications précédentes et un élément prolongateur (51) présentant la forme générale d'un profilé, pourvu d'au moins deux pans opposés (52a, 52b) d'une même inclinaison que les branches divergentes (13a, 13b) de l'ancre, et conformé pour pouvoir traverser la cavité définie par le caisson de rigidification de l'ancre et s'étendre de part et d'autre de ce caisson avec chacun de ses deux pans inclinés prolongeant la branche divergente correspondante (13a, 13b) selon la même inclinaison. 16. Lifting and / or lifting device of building elements, comprising an anchor according to one of the preceding claims and an extension element (51) having the general shape of a profile, provided with at least two opposite sides (52a, 52b) of the same inclination as the divergent branches (13a, 13b) of the anchor, and shaped to be able to pass through the cavity defined by the stiffening box of the anchor and extend from the side and other of this box with each of its two inclined sections extending the corresponding divergent branch (13a, 13b) at the same inclination.
EP09709462A 2008-02-08 2009-02-09 Anchor for handling construction elements comprising fixed divergent arms Not-in-force EP2252539B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

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PL09709462T PL2252539T3 (en) 2008-02-08 2009-02-09 Anchor for handling construction elements comprising fixed divergent arms
EP09709462A EP2252539B1 (en) 2008-02-08 2009-02-09 Anchor for handling construction elements comprising fixed divergent arms

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08300079A EP2088112A1 (en) 2008-02-08 2008-02-08 Anchor for supporting construction elements on supported diverging branches
PCT/FR2009/050207 WO2009101353A1 (en) 2008-02-08 2009-02-09 Anchor for handling construction elements comprising fixed divergent arms
EP09709462A EP2252539B1 (en) 2008-02-08 2009-02-09 Anchor for handling construction elements comprising fixed divergent arms

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EP2252539A1 true EP2252539A1 (en) 2010-11-24
EP2252539B1 EP2252539B1 (en) 2012-06-06

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EP09709462A Not-in-force EP2252539B1 (en) 2008-02-08 2009-02-09 Anchor for handling construction elements comprising fixed divergent arms

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EP (2) EP2088112A1 (en)
JP (1) JP5504448B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101580940B1 (en)
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AU (1) AU2009213917B2 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0905954A2 (en)
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MX (1) MX2010008705A (en)
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JP5504448B2 (en) 2014-05-28
PT2252539E (en) 2012-09-04
RU2500607C2 (en) 2013-12-10
EP2088112A1 (en) 2009-08-12
US8353133B2 (en) 2013-01-15
WO2009101353A1 (en) 2009-08-20
JP2011511193A (en) 2011-04-07
MX2010008705A (en) 2010-08-30
US20110000148A1 (en) 2011-01-06
KR20100109980A (en) 2010-10-11
AU2009213917A1 (en) 2009-08-20
AU2009213917B2 (en) 2014-08-28
NZ587346A (en) 2013-03-28
KR101580940B1 (en) 2015-12-30
PL2252539T3 (en) 2013-02-28
ES2388989T3 (en) 2012-10-22
RU2010136358A (en) 2012-03-20
DK2252539T3 (en) 2012-09-03
CA2714270C (en) 2015-10-06
BRPI0905954A2 (en) 2015-06-30
CN101939245B (en) 2014-06-25
CA2714270A1 (en) 2009-08-20
EP2252539B1 (en) 2012-06-06
CN101939245A (en) 2011-01-05

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