EP2251084A1 - Device for processing dispensed products - Google Patents

Device for processing dispensed products Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2251084A1
EP2251084A1 EP10004784A EP10004784A EP2251084A1 EP 2251084 A1 EP2251084 A1 EP 2251084A1 EP 10004784 A EP10004784 A EP 10004784A EP 10004784 A EP10004784 A EP 10004784A EP 2251084 A1 EP2251084 A1 EP 2251084A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rotor
recesses
tools
webs
adjacent
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP10004784A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2251084B1 (en
Inventor
Hartmut Pallmann
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Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Pallmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP2251084A1 publication Critical patent/EP2251084A1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2/00—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers
    • B02C2/10—Crushing or disintegrating by gyratory or cone crushers concentrically moved; Bell crushers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C13/00—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills
    • B02C13/14—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices
    • B02C2013/145—Disintegrating by mills having rotary beater elements ; Hammer mills with vertical rotor shaft, e.g. combined with sifting devices with fast rotating vanes generating vortexes effecting material on material impact

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for processing feedstock according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Devices of this type are assigned to the field of mechanical engineering. It is about changing a starting material in its shape, size and / or composition. By way of example, a starting material is reduced from an original size to a smaller size during comminution, grinding or deagglomeration.
  • a starting material is reduced from an original size to a smaller size during comminution, grinding or deagglomeration.
  • different components in the feed material are processed in such a way that a uniform particle distribution in the feed material is achieved at the end.
  • heat is selectively introduced into the feed material when processing the feedstock in order to achieve enclosure of individual particles and / or evaporation of residual moisture in the feedstock.
  • the feed material passes in the air flow in the device and travels through the housing in the working gap on a helical path.
  • the processing of the feed material takes place in the interaction of grinding plates and stator. After leaving the working gap, the feed material is removed via a tangential material outlet in the upper housing area of the machine.
  • a disadvantage of this device arises from the way of fixing the refining plates to the rotor disks by means of screws.
  • the arrangement of several grinding stages axially behind one another and the multiplicity of grinding plates per grinding stage results in a considerable assembly outlay for the wear-related change of the grinding plates.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a generic device, on the one hand a quick change of the rotor tools allows and on the other hand, a maximum margin in the design of the crushing zone offers.
  • a rotor according to the invention has at least one rotor element which is subdivided in the radial direction into an inner, a support body forming region which is rotatably connected to the drive shaft, and an outer rotor forming tools area.
  • the support body extends radially outward from the drive shaft and carries the rotor tools forming the lateral surface of the rotor.
  • a rotor according to the invention may comprise only a single rotor element of this kind, which extends over substantially the entire axial length of the rotor or a plurality of such rotor elements, which axially adjoin one another to form the rotor.
  • the rotor tools are an integral part of the rotor element, that is supporting body and rotor tools are monolithic, ie worked out of a single workpiece, for example by milling, drilling, eroding, casting and the like.
  • the invention differs from devices with multi-piece rotor, in which the support body and the rotor tools are separate parts that are releasably, for example by screwing or plugging, or non-detachable, for example by welding, composed.
  • the invention is to produce the rotor tools by arranging depressions in the rotor surface, wherein both the existing between the recesses webs and the wells themselves influence the way the processing of the feed material. Since the rotor tools are machined in such a rotor from the surface of one or more rotor elements, ie from the solid, there is an immense scope in the geometric design of the processing zone. While in known devices, the processing zone is formed essentially of refining plates, it can now be achieved by suitable design of the recesses that not only the webs, but the depressions also make an active contribution to the processing of the feedstock. Thus, the generation of vortices within the turbulence zone can be selectively controlled by the size and geometry of the pits. It is also possible, by varying the geometry of the recesses in their sequence in the circumferential direction to increase the intensity of processing and thus to achieve an increase in performance.
  • the support body consists of a solid solid body, for example, a solid cylinder or solid truncated cone, which has only axially a bore for positive reception of the drive shaft.
  • a rotor provides sufficient radial depth for all types of wells without compromising the stability of the rotor.
  • the construction according to the invention also brings the advantage that a change of the rotor tools by replacing the rotor or the rotor elements takes place, that is, with the replacement of the rotor all rotor tools are changed at the same time.
  • a device according to the invention is characterized by extremely short downtime when changing tools.
  • an inventive rotor opens the possibility for the same height more circumferential planes in the axial direction and more effective edges to accommodate over the circumference than is the case with known rotors. Due to the resulting density of rotor tools, a device according to the invention is characterized by a very high engine power.
  • a housing 1 which is composed of a cylindrical lower part 2 and a bell-shaped upper part 3.
  • the longitudinal axis of the housing 1 is provided with the reference numeral 4.
  • the lower part 2 is closed at the bottom by a bottom 5, in which centric to the axis 4, a circular opening 6 is arranged.
  • the opening 6 serves to receive a substantially cylindrical shaft bearing 7, which is screwed coaxially to the axis 4 by means of a flange on the bottom 5.
  • the upper end of the shaft bearing 7 extends into the region of the upper part 3.
  • annular channel 8 which opens via a tangential to the axis 4 extending material outlet 9 from the housing 1.
  • the upper end of the lower part 2 forms a circumferential annular flange 10, on which a bearing ring 11 of angular cross-section is fastened.
  • the outer shape of the upper part 2 is bell-shaped, while the inner circumference of the upper part 2 has a conical shape and serves to receive the stator tools 20.
  • the top of the upper part 2 is closed by a detachable cover 12, which has a central opening in the region of the axis 4, to which an inlet connection 13 for feeding the device with feed material connects coaxially.
  • the foot region of the upper part 2 is formed with its outer circumference complementary to the inner circumference of the bearing ring 11, so that the upper part 3 with its foot region axially into the lower part 2 can be inserted.
  • a plane-parallel and coaxially extending on the outer circumference Ring flange 14 which is fastened by means of screw on the lower part 2.
  • the insertion depth of the upper part 3 in the lower part 2 can be adjusted via adjusting screws 15 which extend axially through the annular flange 14 and are supported on the upper side of the bearing ring 11.
  • the coaxial with the axis 4 aligned drive shaft 17 is rotatably supported in bearing groups 16.
  • the lower end of the drive shaft 17 located outside the housing 1 is connected to a rotary drive not shown.
  • the opposite, located in the interior of the housing 1 end extends far into the region of the upper part 3 and serves for the rotationally fixed receiving a rotor 18.
  • the rotor 18 consists essentially of a rotor element 28 which is itself solid, that is, it consists of solid material and has according to the contour of the inner periphery of the upper part 3 has a frusto-conical shape, which does not exclude that the rotor 18 may be formed in a cylindrical housing and cylindrical.
  • the massive design of the rotor 18 also allows the accommodation of cooling channels, not shown, which extend, for example, in the region near the generatrix parallel and are acted upon for cooling the processing zone with a cooling fluid.
  • the upper side of the rotor element 28 is covered by a baffle plate 19 arranged coaxially with the axis 4, on the outer circumference of which radially aligned impact blocks 21 are screwed (also see FIGS. 5 and 6 ).
  • a baffle plate 19 arranged coaxially with the axis 4, on the outer circumference of which radially aligned impact blocks 21 are screwed (also see FIGS. 5 and 6 ).
  • the rotor element 28 is subdivided in the radial direction into an inner region forming a carrier body 40, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the drive shaft 17, and an outer region forming rotor tools 23, the rotor tools 23 being held by the carrier body 40.
  • Stator tools 20 and rotor tools 23 are in compliance with a radial working gap 36 (FIG. Fig. 7 . 8 and 9 ), in which the processing of the feed mainly takes place.
  • the concrete embodiment of the uniformly distributed over the circumference of the rotor 18 rotor tools 23 and their mutual assignment will be discussed in more detail below.
  • a rotor 18 according to the invention opens up a large number of possible surface configurations which can not be achieved in known rotors or can only be achieved by applying a disproportionately large design effort. A few embodiments which are within the scope of the invention are described below without being limited thereto.
  • the Fig. 3a and 3b each show a monolithic rotor element 28 of a rotor 18 which is only half shown for the sake of simplicity and of which the area assigned to the axle 4 or the drive shaft 17 forms a support body 40 which, as a result of the integral construction, carries the rotor tools 23 forming the lateral surface of the rotor 18.
  • the rotor tools 23 consist of recesses 24, which are introduced into the lateral surface of the rotor 18, for example by milling or erosion.
  • the recesses 24 have a longitudinal extension direction tangential to the axis 4 and are arranged in the circumferential direction one behind the other, in a plurality of axially successive circumferential planes 25.
  • the tangential distances between two recesses 24 each form a web 26, the area between two adjacent circumferential planes 25 a continuous annular web 27. This results in a plurality of circumferential planes 25 which brake the axial flow of material and so the residence time of the feed material in the processing zone extend.
  • the sequence of the recesses 24 in the circumferential direction is chosen so that the webs 26 of two adjacent circumferential planes 25 are arranged with circumferential offset to each other. This can be achieved by different lengths of the recesses 24 ( Fig. 3a ) or with a circumferential offset by half the length of a recess 24 with otherwise identical lengths of the recesses 24 per circumferential plane 25 (FIG. Fig. 3b ).
  • the Fig. 4a and 4b differ from the above-described embodiment of a rotor 18 only by the orientation of the recesses 24, which have a longitudinal extension direction parallel to a surface line in this embodiment. In this way, over the entire height of the rotor 18 through Webs 26 formed.
  • These embodiments of the invention result in small-diameter, but high-speed, roller-shaped vortices. Since the material flow meets less axially acting flow obstacles than in the previously described embodiment, its residence time in the processing zone is correspondingly lower.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate rotor 18 'of a plurality of disc-shaped rotor elements 28' together, which are each formed monolithically and coaxially joined together.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 the invention as an exploded view.
  • the rotor 18 ' can be the same advantages mentioned above achieve at the same time simplified production.
  • the rotor 18 'by combination of different rotor discs 28' also subsequently be changed in its geometry and thus mode of action.
  • the rotor 18 ' is composed of four disk-shaped rotor elements 28' which are divided in the radial direction into an inner region forming a support body 40 and an outer region forming the rotor tools 23.
  • the rotor tools 23 are held by the support body 40.
  • the rotor tools 23 are formed by recesses 24, which are distributed uniformly over the circumference of the rotor elements 28 'and the sawtooth-like rotor tools 23 result, the more detailed design under Fig. 10 is explained.
  • two adjacent disc-shaped rotor elements 28 'in the circumferential direction by half the length of a recess 24 to offset. In this way, lateral, acting in the axial direction boundary surfaces that hold the feed more in the range of the rotor tools.
  • Each disc-shaped rotor element 28 ' has on its upper side a cylindrical projection 29 and on its underside a recess complementary thereto.
  • centering of the rotor elements 28' relative to one another is achieved.
  • the upper conclusion of the resulting rotor 18 'again forms the aforementioned baffle plate 19 with impact blocks 21, the lower end of an annular disc 30.
  • the rotor 18 'according to Fig. 6 differs from the embodiment just described only by the interposition of coaxial baffle plates 31 between adjacent disk-shaped rotor elements 28 '.
  • the diameter of the baffle plates 31 is selected so that the baffle plates 31 overlap with their circumference, the recesses 24 partially or completely radially.
  • the recesses 24 have in an axial plan view an asymmetrical course, which causes the webs 26 in the circumferential direction 32 have a front edge 33 in an approximately radial orientation, while the trailing edge 35, in contrast, flatter and at the bottom of the recess 24 in a rounding in the front edge 33 of the subsequent bridge 26 passes.
  • the front flank 33 can also be wholly or partially provided with a wear layer 34 to increase the tool life. In this way, a sawtooth-like configuration of the rotor 18 'results over its circumference, which is characterized by its aggressive crushing behavior.
  • Fig. 7 and 8th go further possible embodiments of the recesses 24.
  • Small depressions lead to small vertebrae Diameter, but high circulation speed, while large depressions form a relaxation zone with large diameter vortices and slower circulation speeds. The change of these different vortices promotes an intensive digestion of the feed.
  • depressions 24 may be formed in an axial plan view substantially at right angles, wherein the corner regions are preferably rounded in order to achieve a continuous flow approximated to the flow.
  • the recesses 24 are also separated here by radially extending, symmetrical cross-section webs 26.
  • Fig. 7 Furthermore, one sees the inner surface of the stator tools 20, which lies radially opposite the recesses 24 and webs 26 while maintaining a working gap 36.
  • the surface of the stator tools 20 is formed by a plurality of semicircular recesses 37, which extend in the axial direction over the entire height of the rotor 18.
  • FIG. 8 Another embodiment of a rotor 18 according to the invention shows Fig. 8 ,
  • the recesses 24 shown therein have an axial plan view of a semicircular shape, wherein in the circumferential direction successive recesses 24 have a different radius. As a result, successive recesses 24 have both a different length and different depth.
  • the semicircular shape of the recesses 24 corresponds at least partially to the path of the vortices, so that the self-cleaning effect occurring thereby prevents deposits in the recesses.
  • the recesses 24 and the webs 26 resulting between the depressions 24 cooperate with sawtooth-shaped stator tools 20.
  • FIG. 9 Another embodiment of the stator tools 20 is still in Fig. 9 showing a meander-like course of the surface of the stator tools 20 disclosed with in cross-section square, axially extending grooves 38 and strips 39.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Abstract

The device has a rotor (18) i.e. cylindrical/truncated-cone shaped rotor, mounted on a drive shaft (17) rotating around a longitudinal axis (4) in a housing (1). The rotor comprises a rotor element (28) that is subdivided into an inner area to form a bearing body (40) rotationally fixed to the shaft. A set of indentations (24) is placed on an outer circumference of the element to form rotor tools (23), where areas between two adjacent indentations form webs. The webs form active edges of the rotor tools for processing of feedstock, where the webs are formed symmetric in cross section.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten von Aufgabegut gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a device for processing feedstock according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Vorrichtungen dieser Art sind dem Gebiet der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik zuzuordnen. Dabei geht es darum, einen Ausgangsstoff in seiner Form, Größe und/oder Zusammensetzung zu verändern. Beispielsweise wird ein Ausgangsstoff beim Zerkleinern, Mahlen oder Desagglomerieren von einer Ursprungsgröße in eine demgegenüber kleinere Form gebracht. Bei Mischen werden unterschiedliche Komponenten im Aufgabegut so aufbereitet, dass am Ende eine einheitliche Partikelverteilung im Aufgabegut erzielt wird. Beim Coatieren oder Trocknen wird mit der Bearbeitung des Aufgabeguts gezielt Wärme in das Aufgabegut eingetragen, um ein Umschließen einzelner Partikel und/oder ein Verdunsten von Restfeuchte im Aufgabegut zu erreichen.Devices of this type are assigned to the field of mechanical engineering. It is about changing a starting material in its shape, size and / or composition. By way of example, a starting material is reduced from an original size to a smaller size during comminution, grinding or deagglomeration. During mixing, different components in the feed material are processed in such a way that a uniform particle distribution in the feed material is achieved at the end. During coating or drying, heat is selectively introduced into the feed material when processing the feedstock in order to achieve enclosure of individual particles and / or evaporation of residual moisture in the feedstock.

In Abhängigkeit von der Art des Aufgabeguts und der Art der Bearbeitung sind gattungsgemäße Vorrichtungen mit geeigneten Rotorwerkzeugen ausgerüstet, die durch den intensiven Kontakt mit dem Aufgabegut einem mehr oder minder starken Verschleiß unterworfen sind, der sich ab einem bestimmten Ausmaß negativ auf die Qualität des bearbeiteten Endprodukts auswirkt. Aus diesem Grund sind bei bekannten Vorrichtungen die Rotorwerkzeuge lösbar in der Vorrichtung befestigt, um in regelmäßigen Zeitintervallen einen Austausch der verbrauchten Rotorwerkzeuge vornehmen zu können. Gleichzeitig liegt es im Bestreben der Betreiber die Werkzeugwechselzeiten im Sinne eines wirtschaftlichen Betriebs zu minimieren, um einen Produktionsausfall infolge Stillstandszeiten der Vorrichtung in Grenzen zu halten.Depending on the nature of the feed material and the type of processing, generic devices are equipped with suitable rotor tools which, due to the intensive contact with the feed material, are subjected to more or less severe wear, which at a certain extent negatively affects the quality of the finished product being processed effect. For this reason, in known devices, the rotor tools are releasably secured in the device to make an exchange of used rotor tools at regular time intervals can. At the same time, it is in the effort of the operator to minimize the tool change times in terms of economic operation in order to limit production downtime due to downtime of the device.

Aus der DE 35 43 370 A1 ist eine luftdurchströmte Mühle bekannt mit einem etwa zylindrischen Mühlengehäuse, entlang dessen Innenumfang ein Stator angeordnet ist. Der Stator umgreift unter Einhaltung eines radialen Arbeitsspalts einen koaxial ausgerichteten Rotor, dessen Antriebswelle das Gehäuse axial durchsetzt und innerhalb von Lagern drehbar gehalten ist. Auf der Antriebswelle sitzen axial hintereinander Nabenabschnitte, von denen jeweils ein Nabenabschnitt einer Mahlstufe zugeordnet ist. Jeder Nabenabschnitt trägt eine Rotorscheibe, an deren Außenumfang sich schließlich die radial ausgerichteten Schlagplatten befinden, die in radialem Abstand entlang der Statorinnenfläche streichen.From the DE 35 43 370 A1 is an air-flow mill known with an approximately cylindrical mill housing, along the inner circumference of a stator is arranged. The stator engages in compliance with a radial working gap a coaxially oriented rotor whose drive shaft axially penetrates the housing and is rotatably supported within bearings. On the drive shaft sit axially in succession hub sections, each of which a hub portion of a grinding stage is assigned. Each hub section carries a rotor disk, on the outer circumference eventually the radially oriented impact plates are located, which strike at a radial distance along the Statorinnenfläche.

Über einen zentrischen Guteintrag im Bodenbereich des Gehäuses gelangt das Aufgabegut im Luftstrom in die Vorrichtung und durchwandert das Gehäuse im Arbeitsspalt auf einer schraubenlinienförmigen Bahn. Dabei erfolgt die Bearbeitung des Aufgabeguts im Zusammenspiel von Mahlplatten und Stator. Nach seinem Austritt aus dem Arbeitsspalt wird das Aufgabegut über einen tangentialen Gutaustritt im oberen Gehäusebereich der Maschine entnommen.About a centric Guteintrag in the bottom region of the housing, the feed material passes in the air flow in the device and travels through the housing in the working gap on a helical path. The processing of the feed material takes place in the interaction of grinding plates and stator. After leaving the working gap, the feed material is removed via a tangential material outlet in the upper housing area of the machine.

Ein Nachteil dieser Vorrichtung ergibt sich aus der Art der Befestigung der Mahlplatten an den Rotorscheiben mit Hilfe von Schrauben. Durch die Anordnung mehrerer Mahlstufen axial hintereinander und die Vielzahl von Mahlplatten pro Mahlstufe ergibt sich ein erheblicher Montageaufwand beim verschleißbedingten Wechsel der Mahlplatten.A disadvantage of this device arises from the way of fixing the refining plates to the rotor disks by means of screws. The arrangement of several grinding stages axially behind one another and the multiplicity of grinding plates per grinding stage results in a considerable assembly outlay for the wear-related change of the grinding plates.

Diesbezüglich konnte ein Fortschritt durch die Weiterentwicklung der Befestigungsart der Werkzeuge am Rotor erreicht werden. So besitzen die aus der DE 100 53 946 A1 , DE 196 49 338 A1 und DE 10 2004 014 258 A1 bekannten Vorrichtungen Rotoren, die über ihren Umfang gleichmäßig verteilte Aufnahmen aufweisen, in die die Rotorwerkzeuge axial eingesteckt werden. Über einen Formschluss zwischen Rotor und Rotorwerkzeugen wird gewährleistet, dass die Werkzeuge in radialer Richtung gehalten sind. Damit wird der Aufwand beim Wechsel der Rotorwerkzeuge wesentlich reduziert, da der Montageaufwand durch Schraubverbindungen entfällt. Dennoch ist mit dem sukzessiven Wechseln der einzelnen Rotorwerkzeuge weiterhin ein beträchtlicher Arbeitsaufwand verbunden.In this regard, progress could be made by further developing the attachment of tools to the rotor. So own from the DE 100 53 946 A1 . DE 196 49 338 A1 and DE 10 2004 014 258 A1 known devices rotors having uniformly distributed over its circumference recordings, in which the rotor tools are inserted axially. A form fit between the rotor and rotor tools ensures that the tools are held in the radial direction. Thus, the effort when changing the rotor tools is significantly reduced, since the assembly costs are eliminated by screw. Nevertheless, with the successive change of the individual rotor tools still a considerable amount of work involved.

Zudem erweist es sich bei allen vorgenannten Vorrichtungen als nachteilig, dass die geometrische Ausbildung der Zerkleinerungszone nur innerhalb enger Grenzen möglich ist. Der Grund hierfür liegt in der Art der Konstruktion, die stets axial verlaufende Mahlplatten oder Schlagleisten vorsieht, die über den Rotorumfang überstehen. Eine Variation in der Ausbildung der Schlagleisten und den dahinter liegenden Turbulenzzonen ist daher nur beschränkt möglich.In addition, it proves to be disadvantageous in all the aforementioned devices that the geometric design of the comminution zone is possible only within narrow limits. The reason for this lies in the type of construction, which always provides axially extending refining plates or blow bars, which protrude beyond the rotor circumference. A variation in the design of the blow bars and the underlying turbulence zones is therefore limited.

Vor diesem Hintergrund liegt die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung anzugeben, die einerseits einen schnellen Wechsel der Rotorwerkzeuge ermöglicht und andererseits einen maximalen Spielraum bei der Gestaltung der Zerkleinerungszone bietet.Against this background, the object of the invention is to provide a generic device, on the one hand a quick change of the rotor tools allows and on the other hand, a maximum margin in the design of the crushing zone offers.

Ein Rotor im Sinne der Erfindung besitzt mindestens ein Rotorelement, das in radialer Richtung untergliedert ist in einen inneren, einen Tragkörper bildenden Bereich, der drehfest mit der Antriebswelle verbunden ist, und einen äußeren, Rotorwerkzeuge bildenden Bereich. Der Tragkörper erstreckt sich dabei von der Antriebswelle radial nach außen und trägt die die Mantelfläche des Rotors bildenden Rotorwerkzeuge. Ein erfindungsgemäßer Rotor kann lediglich ein einziges derartiges Rotorelement aufweisen, das sich im Wesentlichen über die gesamte axiale Länge des Rotors erstreckt oder mehrere derartiger Rotorelemente, die axial aneinandergefügt den Rotor ergeben.A rotor according to the invention has at least one rotor element which is subdivided in the radial direction into an inner, a support body forming region which is rotatably connected to the drive shaft, and an outer rotor forming tools area. The support body extends radially outward from the drive shaft and carries the rotor tools forming the lateral surface of the rotor. A rotor according to the invention may comprise only a single rotor element of this kind, which extends over substantially the entire axial length of the rotor or a plurality of such rotor elements, which axially adjoin one another to form the rotor.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Rotor sind die Rotorwerkzeuge integraler Bestandteil des Rotorelements, das heißt Tragkörper und Rotorwerkzeuge sind monolithisch, also aus einem einzigen Werkstück heraus gearbeitet, beispielsweise durch Fräsen, Bohren, Erodieren, Gießen und dergleichen. Dadurch unterscheidet sich die Erfindung von Vorrichtungen mit mehrstückigem Rotor, bei denen der Tragkörper und die Rotorwerkzeuge separate Teile darstellen, die lösbar, zum Beispiel durch Schrauben oder Einstecken, oder unlösbar, zum Beispiel durch Schweißen, zusammengesetzt sind.In a rotor according to the invention, the rotor tools are an integral part of the rotor element, that is supporting body and rotor tools are monolithic, ie worked out of a single workpiece, for example by milling, drilling, eroding, casting and the like. Thus, the invention differs from devices with multi-piece rotor, in which the support body and the rotor tools are separate parts that are releasably, for example by screwing or plugging, or non-detachable, for example by welding, composed.

Diese Art der Konstruktion stellt ohne Zweifel eine klare Abkehr von bekannten Vorrichtungen dar, an deren Rotoren stets leistenförmige Rotorwerkzeuge befestigt sind. Die Erfindung markiert somit einen Wendepunkt in der Konstruktion gattungsgemäßer Vorrichtungen.This type of construction is undoubtedly a clear departure from known devices, on whose rotors always strip-shaped rotor tools are attached. The invention thus marks a turning point in the construction of generic devices.

In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung besteht die Erfindung darin, die Rotorwerkzeuge durch Anordnung von Vertiefungen in der Rotoroberfläche herzustellen, wobei sowohl die zwischen den Vertiefungen vorhandenen Stege als auch die Vertiefungen selbst Einfluss auf die Art der Bearbeitung des Aufgabeguts nehmen. Da die Rotorwerkzeuge bei einem solchen Rotor aus der Oberfläche eines oder mehrer Rotorelemente, also aus dem Vollen, herausgearbeitet sind, ergibt sich ein immenser Spielraum bei der geometrischen Gestaltung der Bearbeitungszone. Während bei bekannten Vorrichtungen die Bearbeitungszone im Wesentlichen von Mahlplatten gebildet ist, kann nun durch geeignete Ausbildung der Vertiefungen erreicht werden, dass nicht nur die Stege, sondern auch die Vertiefungen einen aktiven Beitrag bei der Bearbeitung des Aufgabeguts leisten. So kann die Erzeugung von Wirbeln innerhalb der Turbulenzzone durch die Größe und Geometrie der Vertiefungen gezielt gesteuert werden. Auch ist es möglich, durch Variation der Geometrie der Vertiefungen in deren Abfolge in Umfangsrichtung die Intensität der Bearbeitung zu verstärken und damit eine Leistungssteigerung zu erreichen.In an advantageous embodiment, the invention is to produce the rotor tools by arranging depressions in the rotor surface, wherein both the existing between the recesses webs and the wells themselves influence the way the processing of the feed material. Since the rotor tools are machined in such a rotor from the surface of one or more rotor elements, ie from the solid, there is an immense scope in the geometric design of the processing zone. While in known devices, the processing zone is formed essentially of refining plates, it can now be achieved by suitable design of the recesses that not only the webs, but the depressions also make an active contribution to the processing of the feedstock. Thus, the generation of vortices within the turbulence zone can be selectively controlled by the size and geometry of the pits. It is also possible, by varying the geometry of the recesses in their sequence in the circumferential direction to increase the intensity of processing and thus to achieve an increase in performance.

Bevorzugt ist dabei eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung, bei der der Tragkörper aus einem massiven Vollkörper besteht, zum Beispiel aus einem Vollzylinder oder Vollkegelstumpf, der lediglich axial eine Bohrung zur formschlüssigen Aufnahme der Antriebswelle aufweist. Ein solcher Rotor bietet ausreichend radiale Tiefe für alle Arten von Vertiefungen, ohne dass dadurch die Stabilität des Rotors beeinträchtigt ist.Preferred is an embodiment of the invention in which the support body consists of a solid solid body, for example, a solid cylinder or solid truncated cone, which has only axially a bore for positive reception of the drive shaft. Such a rotor provides sufficient radial depth for all types of wells without compromising the stability of the rotor.

Die erfindungsgemäße Konstruktionsweise bringt ferner den Vorteil, dass ein Wechsel der Rotorwerkzeuge durch Austausch des Rotors bzw. der Rotorelemente erfolgt, das heißt mit dem Austausch des Rotors werden gleichzeitig auch alle Rotorwerkzeuge gewechselt. Damit zeichnet sich eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung durch extrem kurze Stillstandszeiten beim Werkzeugwechsel aus.The construction according to the invention also brings the advantage that a change of the rotor tools by replacing the rotor or the rotor elements takes place, that is, with the replacement of the rotor all rotor tools are changed at the same time. Thus, a device according to the invention is characterized by extremely short downtime when changing tools.

Darüber hinaus eröffnet ein erfindungsgemäßer Rotor die Möglichkeit bei gleicher Bauhöhe mehr Umfangsebenen in axialer Richtung und mehr wirksame Kanten über den Umfang unterzubringen als dies bei bekannten Rotoren der Fall ist. Infolge der sich daraus ergebenden Dichte an Rotorwerkzeugen zeichnet sich eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung durch eine sehr hohe Maschinenleistung aus.In addition, an inventive rotor opens the possibility for the same height more circumferential planes in the axial direction and more effective edges to accommodate over the circumference than is the case with known rotors. Due to the resulting density of rotor tools, a device according to the invention is characterized by a very high engine power.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung entlang der in Fig. 2 dargestellten Linie I-I,
Fig. 2
einen Horizontalschnitt durch die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Vorrichtung entlang der dortigen Linie II-II, die
Fig. 3a bis 4b
Schrägansichten verschiedener Ausführungsformen eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotors, die
Fig. 5 und 6
Explosionsdarstellungen einer aus scheibenförmigen Rotorelementen zusammengesetzten Ausführungsform eines Rotors, die
Fig. 7 bis 9
Teilschnitte verschiedener Ausführungsformen der Erfindung im Bereich des Arbeitsspalts, und
Fig. 10
einen Teilschnitt durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Rotor in dessen Umfangsbereich.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through a device according to the invention along the in Fig. 2 illustrated line II,
Fig. 2
a horizontal section through the in Fig. 1 shown device along the local line II-II, the
Fig. 3a to 4b
Oblique views of various embodiments of a rotor according to the invention, the
FIGS. 5 and 6
Exploded views of an assembled from disk-shaped rotor elements embodiment of a rotor, the
Fig. 7 to 9
Partial sections of various embodiments of the invention in the region of the working gap, and
Fig. 10
a partial section through a rotor according to the invention in its peripheral region.

Der allgemeine Aufbau einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung ergibt sich aus den Fig. 1 und 2. Dort sieht man ein Gehäuse 1, das sich aus einem zylindrischen Unterteil 2 und einem glockenförmigen Oberteil 3 zusammensetzt. Die Längsachse des Gehäuses 1 ist mit dem Bezugszeichen 4 versehen. Das Unterteil 2 ist nach unten durch einen Boden 5 abgeschlossen, in dem zentrisch zur Achse 4 eine kreisförmige Öffnung 6 angeordnet ist. Die Öffnung 6 dient zur Aufnahme einer im Wesentlichen zylindrischen Wellenlagerung 7, die koaxial zur Achse 4 mittels einer Flanschverbindung am Boden 5 angeschraubt ist. Das obere Ende der Wellenlagerung 7 erstreckt sich bis in den Bereich des Oberteils 3. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich innerhalb des Unterteils 2 ein Ringkanal 8, der über einen tangential zur Achse 4 verlaufenden Materialauslass 9 aus dem Gehäuse 1 mündet. Den oberen Abschluss des Unterteils 2 bildet ein umlaufender Ringflansch 10, auf dem ein im Querschnitt winkliger Lagerring 11 befestigt ist.The general structure of a device according to the invention results from the Fig. 1 and 2 , There you can see a housing 1, which is composed of a cylindrical lower part 2 and a bell-shaped upper part 3. The longitudinal axis of the housing 1 is provided with the reference numeral 4. The lower part 2 is closed at the bottom by a bottom 5, in which centric to the axis 4, a circular opening 6 is arranged. The opening 6 serves to receive a substantially cylindrical shaft bearing 7, which is screwed coaxially to the axis 4 by means of a flange on the bottom 5. The upper end of the shaft bearing 7 extends into the region of the upper part 3. In this way, results within the lower part 2, an annular channel 8, which opens via a tangential to the axis 4 extending material outlet 9 from the housing 1. The upper end of the lower part 2 forms a circumferential annular flange 10, on which a bearing ring 11 of angular cross-section is fastened.

Wie bereits erwähnt, ist die äußere Gestalt des Oberteils 2 glockenförmig, während der Innenumfang des Oberteils 2 einen konischen Verlauf aufweist und zur Aufnahme der Statorwerkzeuge 20 dient. Die Oberseite des Oberteils 2 ist von einem lösbaren Deckel 12 verschlossen, der im Bereich der Achse 4 eine zentrische Öffnung besitzt, an die ein Einlaufstutzen 13 zur Beschickung der Vorrichtung mit Aufgabegut koaxial anschließt.As already mentioned, the outer shape of the upper part 2 is bell-shaped, while the inner circumference of the upper part 2 has a conical shape and serves to receive the stator tools 20. The top of the upper part 2 is closed by a detachable cover 12, which has a central opening in the region of the axis 4, to which an inlet connection 13 for feeding the device with feed material connects coaxially.

Der Fußbereich des Oberteils 2 ist mit seinem Außenumfang komplementär zum Innenumfang des Lagerrings 11 ausgebildet, so dass das Oberteil 3 mit seinem Fußbereich axial in das Unterteil 2 einsteckbar ist. Zur sicheren Befestigung des Oberteils 3 am Unterteil 2 dient ein am Außenumfang planparallel und koaxial verlaufender Ringflansch 14, der mittels Schraubverbindungen am Unterteil 2 befestigt ist. Die Einstecktiefe des Oberteils 3 in das Unterteil 2 kann über Justierschrauben 15 eingestellt werden, die sich axial durch den Ringflansch 14 erstrecken und sich an der Oberseite des Lagerrings 11 abstützen.The foot region of the upper part 2 is formed with its outer circumference complementary to the inner circumference of the bearing ring 11, so that the upper part 3 with its foot region axially into the lower part 2 can be inserted. For secure attachment of the upper part 3 on the lower part 2 is a plane-parallel and coaxially extending on the outer circumference Ring flange 14 which is fastened by means of screw on the lower part 2. The insertion depth of the upper part 3 in the lower part 2 can be adjusted via adjusting screws 15 which extend axially through the annular flange 14 and are supported on the upper side of the bearing ring 11.

Innerhalb der Wellenlagerung 7 ist die koaxial zur Achse 4 ausgerichtete Antriebswelle 17 in Lagergruppen 16 drehbar gehalten. Das untere außerhalb des Gehäuses 1 liegende Ende der Antriebswelle 17 ist an einen nicht weiter dargestellten Drehantrieb angeschlossen. Das gegenüberliegende, im Inneren des Gehäuses 1 liegende Ende erstreckt sich bis weit in den Bereich des Oberteils 3 und dient zur drehfesten Aufnahme eines Rotors 18. Der Rotor 18 besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Rotorelement 28, das selbst massiv ausgebildet ist, das heißt, es besteht aus Vollmaterial und besitzt entsprechend der Kontur des Innenumfangs des Oberteils 3 eine kegelstumpfförmige Gestalt, was nicht ausschließt, dass der Rotor 18 bei einem zylindrischen Gehäuse auch zylindrisch ausgebildet sein kann. Die massive Ausbildung des Rotors 18 erlaubt zudem die Unterbringung von nicht dargestellten Kühlkanälen, die sich beispielsweise im umfangsnahen Bereich mantellinienparallel erstrecken und zur Kühlung der Bearbeitungszone mit einem Kühlfluid beaufschlagt sind.Within the shaft bearing 7, the coaxial with the axis 4 aligned drive shaft 17 is rotatably supported in bearing groups 16. The lower end of the drive shaft 17 located outside the housing 1 is connected to a rotary drive not shown. The opposite, located in the interior of the housing 1 end extends far into the region of the upper part 3 and serves for the rotationally fixed receiving a rotor 18. The rotor 18 consists essentially of a rotor element 28 which is itself solid, that is, it consists of solid material and has according to the contour of the inner periphery of the upper part 3 has a frusto-conical shape, which does not exclude that the rotor 18 may be formed in a cylindrical housing and cylindrical. The massive design of the rotor 18 also allows the accommodation of cooling channels, not shown, which extend, for example, in the region near the generatrix parallel and are acted upon for cooling the processing zone with a cooling fluid.

Die Oberseite des Rotorelements 28 ist von einer koaxial zur Achse 4 angeordneten Prallscheibe 19 bedeckt, an deren äußerem Umfang radial ausgerichtete Schlagklötze 21 angeschraubt sind (sieht auch Fig. 5 und 6). Durch Einhaltung eines axialen Abstands zwischen der Prallscheibe 19 und dem Deckel 12 bzw. dem Einlaufstutzen 13 wird eine scheibenförmige Kammer 22 gebildet, in der eine Vorzerkleinerung des Aufgabeguts durchgeführt wird.The upper side of the rotor element 28 is covered by a baffle plate 19 arranged coaxially with the axis 4, on the outer circumference of which radially aligned impact blocks 21 are screwed (also see FIGS. 5 and 6 ). By maintaining an axial distance between the baffle plate 19 and the cover 12 and the inlet pipe 13, a disc-shaped chamber 22 is formed, in which a pre-crushing of the feed material is performed.

Das Rotorelement 28 ist in radialer Richtung untergliedert ist in einen inneren, einen Tragkörper 40 bildenden Bereich, der drehfest mit der Antriebswelle 17 verbunden ist, und einen äußeren, Rotorwerkzeuge 23 bildenden Bereich, wobei die Rotorwerkzeuge 23 vom Tragkörper 40 gehalten sind. Statorwerkzeuge 20 und Rotorwerkzeuge 23 liegen sich unter Einhaltung eines radialen Arbeitsspalts 36 (Fig. 7, 8 und 9) gegenüber, in dem die Bearbeitung des Aufgabeguts hauptsächlich erfolgt. Auf die konkrete Ausgestaltung der gleichmäßig über den Umfang des Rotors 18 verteilten Rotorwerkzeuge 23 sowie deren gegenseitige Zuordnung wird im Folgenden näher eingegangen.The rotor element 28 is subdivided in the radial direction into an inner region forming a carrier body 40, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the drive shaft 17, and an outer region forming rotor tools 23, the rotor tools 23 being held by the carrier body 40. Stator tools 20 and rotor tools 23 are in compliance with a radial working gap 36 (FIG. Fig. 7 . 8 and 9 ), in which the processing of the feed mainly takes place. The concrete embodiment of the uniformly distributed over the circumference of the rotor 18 rotor tools 23 and their mutual assignment will be discussed in more detail below.

Die Art der Bearbeitung ist maßgeblich von der Oberflächengestaltung des Rotors 18 abhängig. Ein erfindungsgemäßer Rotor 18 eröffnet eine Vielzahl möglicher Oberflächengestaltungen, die bei bekannten Rotoren nicht oder nur unter Aufbringung eines unverhältnismäßig großen konstruktiven Aufwands erreicht werden können. Einige wenige Ausführungsformen, die im Rahmen der Erfindung liegen, werden nachfolgend beschrieben ohne sich darauf einzuschränken.The type of processing is significantly dependent on the surface design of the rotor 18. A rotor 18 according to the invention opens up a large number of possible surface configurations which can not be achieved in known rotors or can only be achieved by applying a disproportionately large design effort. A few embodiments which are within the scope of the invention are described below without being limited thereto.

Die Fig. 3a und 3b zeigen jeweils ein der Einfachheit halber nur hälftig dargestelltes monolithisches Rotorelement 28 eines Rotors 18, dessen der Achse 4 bzw. der Antriebswelle 17 zugeordneter Bereich einen Tragkörper 40 bildet, der infolge der einstückigen Ausbildung die die Mantelfläche des Rotors 18 bildenden Rotorwerkzeuge 23 trägt. Die Rotorwerkzeuge 23 bestehen aus Vertiefungen 24, die in die Mantelfläche des Rotors 18 eingebracht sind, beispielsweise durch Fräsen oder Erodieren. Die Vertiefungen 24 besitzen eine Längserstreckungsrichtung tangential zur Achse 4 und sind in Umfangsrichtung hintereinander, in mehreren axial aufeinanderfolgenden Umfangsebenen 25 angeordnet. Dabei bilden die tangentialen Abstände zwischen zwei Vertiefungen 24 jeweils einen Steg 26 aus, der Bereich zwischen zwei benachbarten Umfangsebenen 25 einen durchlaufenden Ringsteg 27. Daraus ergeben sich eine Vielzahl von Umfangsebenen 25, die den axialen Materialfluss bremsen und so die Aufenthaltszeit des Aufgabeguts in der Bearbeitungszone verlängern.The Fig. 3a and 3b each show a monolithic rotor element 28 of a rotor 18 which is only half shown for the sake of simplicity and of which the area assigned to the axle 4 or the drive shaft 17 forms a support body 40 which, as a result of the integral construction, carries the rotor tools 23 forming the lateral surface of the rotor 18. The rotor tools 23 consist of recesses 24, which are introduced into the lateral surface of the rotor 18, for example by milling or erosion. The recesses 24 have a longitudinal extension direction tangential to the axis 4 and are arranged in the circumferential direction one behind the other, in a plurality of axially successive circumferential planes 25. In this case, the tangential distances between two recesses 24 each form a web 26, the area between two adjacent circumferential planes 25 a continuous annular web 27. This results in a plurality of circumferential planes 25 which brake the axial flow of material and so the residence time of the feed material in the processing zone extend.

Die Abfolge der Vertiefungen 24 in Umfangsrichtung ist so gewählt, dass die Stege 26 zweier benachbarter Umfangsebenen 25 mit Umfangsversatz zueinander angeordnet sind. Dies kann durch unterschiedliche Längen der Vertiefungen 24 erreicht werden (Fig. 3a) oder mit einem Umfangsversatz um die halbe Länge einer Vertiefung 24 bei ansonsten gleichen Längen der Vertiefungen 24 pro Umfangsebene 25 (Fig. 3b).The sequence of the recesses 24 in the circumferential direction is chosen so that the webs 26 of two adjacent circumferential planes 25 are arranged with circumferential offset to each other. This can be achieved by different lengths of the recesses 24 ( Fig. 3a ) or with a circumferential offset by half the length of a recess 24 with otherwise identical lengths of the recesses 24 per circumferential plane 25 (FIG. Fig. 3b ).

Nicht dargestellt, aber ebenso im Rahmen der Erfindung liegt eine Anordnung der Vertiefungen derart, dass die Stege 26 benachbarter Umfangsebenen 25 auf einer Mantellinie des Rotors 18 liegen.Not shown, but also within the scope of the invention is an arrangement of the wells such that the webs 26 adjacent circumferential planes 25 lie on a surface line of the rotor 18.

Die Fig. 4a und 4b unterscheiden sich von der vorbeschriebenen Ausführungsform eines Rotors 18 lediglich durch die Ausrichtung der Vertiefungen 24, die bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel eine Längserstreckungsrichtung parallel zu einer Mantellinie besitzen. Auf diese Weise werden über die gesamte Höhe des Rotors 18 durchgehende Stege 26 gebildet. Dabei können die Vertiefungen 24 wie in Fig. 4a gezeigt, in planparallelen Umfangsebenen 25 gruppiert sein, so dass sich zwischen den Umfangsebenen 25 durchgehende Ringstege 27 ergeben, oder aber die Enden zweier in Umfangsrichtung benachbarter Vertiefungen 24 sind mit einem axialen Längenversatz angeordnet, wie in Fig. 4b dargestellt. Diese Ausführungsformen der Erfindung führen zu walzenförmigen Wirbeln geringen Durchmessers aber hoher Umlaufgeschwindigkeit. Da der Gutstrom auf weniger axial wirkende Strömungshindernisse trifft als bei der zuvor beschriebenen Ausführungsform, ist dessen Verweilzeit in der Bearbeitungszone entsprechend geringer.The Fig. 4a and 4b differ from the above-described embodiment of a rotor 18 only by the orientation of the recesses 24, which have a longitudinal extension direction parallel to a surface line in this embodiment. In this way, over the entire height of the rotor 18 through Webs 26 formed. In this case, the recesses 24 as in Fig. 4a shown to be grouped in plane-parallel circumferential planes 25, so that between the circumferential planes 25 continuous annular webs 27 result, or the ends of two circumferentially adjacent recesses 24 are arranged with an axial length offset, as in Fig. 4b shown. These embodiments of the invention result in small-diameter, but high-speed, roller-shaped vortices. Since the material flow meets less axially acting flow obstacles than in the previously described embodiment, its residence time in the processing zone is correspondingly lower.

Im Gegensatz zu den Fig. 3 und 4, die einen aus einem einzigen Rotorelement 28 bestehenden Rotor 18 zeigen, setzt sich der in den Fig. 5 und 6 dargestellte Rotor 18' aus mehreren scheibenförmigen Rotorelementen 28' zusammen, die jeweils monolithisch ausgebildet und koaxial aneinander gefügt sind. Zur Verdeutlichung dieses Sachverhalts zeigen die Fig. 5 und 6 die Erfindung als Explosionsdarstellung. Mit einem solchen Rotor 18' lassen sich die gleichen vorerwähnten Vorteile erzielen bei einer gleichzeitig vereinfachten Herstellung. Zudem kann der Rotor 18' durch Kombination unterschiedlicher Rotorscheiben 28' auch nachträglich noch in seiner Geometrie und damit Wirkungsweise verändert werden.In contrast to the 3 and 4 , which show a rotor 18 consisting of a single rotor element 18, is placed in the FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrated rotor 18 'of a plurality of disc-shaped rotor elements 28' together, which are each formed monolithically and coaxially joined together. To clarify this fact, the FIGS. 5 and 6 the invention as an exploded view. With such a rotor 18 'can be the same advantages mentioned above achieve at the same time simplified production. In addition, the rotor 18 'by combination of different rotor discs 28' also subsequently be changed in its geometry and thus mode of action.

In Fig. 5 setzt sich der Rotor 18' beispielsweise aus vier scheibenförmigen Rotorelementen 28' zusammen, die in radialer Richtung unterteilt sind in einen inneren einen Tragkörper 40 bildenden Bereich und einen äußeren, die Rotorwerkzeuge 23 bildenden Bereich. Durch monolithische Ausbildung der Rotorelemente 28' sind die Rotorwerkzeuge 23 von dem Tragkörper 40 gehalten ist.In Fig. 5 For example, the rotor 18 'is composed of four disk-shaped rotor elements 28' which are divided in the radial direction into an inner region forming a support body 40 and an outer region forming the rotor tools 23. By monolithic design of the rotor elements 28 ', the rotor tools 23 are held by the support body 40.

Die Rotorwerkzeuge 23 werden von Vertiefungen 24 gebildet, die gleichmäßig über den Umfang der Rotorelemente 28' verteilt sind und die sägezahnartige Rotorwerkzeuge 23 ergeben, deren genauere Ausgestaltung noch unter Fig. 10 erläutert wird. Die scheibenförmigen Rotorelemente 28' sitzen mit ihrem Tragkörper 40 jeweils derart auf der Antriebswelle 17, dass die Vertiefungen 24 benachbarter Rotorelemente 28' in axialer Richtung fluchten, also mehrere Vertiefungen 24 eine sich in axialer Richtung über mehrere Umfangsebenen 25 erstreckende Gesamtvertiefung entlang einer Mantellinie des Rotors 18' ergeben. Auch ist es möglich, zwei benachbarte scheibenförmige Rotorelemente 28' in Umfangsrichtung um die halbe Länge einer Vertiefung 24 zu versetzen. Auf diese Weise entstehen seitliche, in axialer Richtung wirkende Begrenzungsflächen, die das Aufgabegut länger im Bereich der Rotorwerkzeuge halten.The rotor tools 23 are formed by recesses 24, which are distributed uniformly over the circumference of the rotor elements 28 'and the sawtooth-like rotor tools 23 result, the more detailed design under Fig. 10 is explained. The disk-shaped rotor elements 28 'sit with their support member 40 respectively on the drive shaft 17, that the recesses 24 adjacent rotor elements 28' are aligned in the axial direction, that is, a plurality of recesses 24 extending in the axial direction over a plurality of circumferential planes 25 total recess along a surface line of the rotor 18 'result. It is also possible, two adjacent disc-shaped rotor elements 28 'in the circumferential direction by half the length of a recess 24 to offset. In this way, lateral, acting in the axial direction boundary surfaces that hold the feed more in the range of the rotor tools.

Jedes scheibenförmige Rotorelement 28' weist an seiner Oberseite einen zylindrischen Ansatz 29 und an seiner Unterseite eine dazu komplementäre Ausnehmung auf. Durch den beim axialen Zusammenfügen der scheibenförmigen Rotorelemente 28' entstehenden Formschluss wird eine Zentrierung der Rotorelemente 28' zueinander erreicht. Den oberen Abschluss des so entstehenden Rotors 18' bildet wiederum die bereits erwähnte Prallscheibe 19 mit Schlagklötzen 21, den unteren Abschluss eine Ringscheibe 30. Mittels nicht dargestellter axial wirkender Spannmittel werden die Einzelteile des Rotors 18' zusammengespannt.Each disc-shaped rotor element 28 'has on its upper side a cylindrical projection 29 and on its underside a recess complementary thereto. As a result of the positive connection arising during axial assembly of the disk-shaped rotor elements 28 ', centering of the rotor elements 28' relative to one another is achieved. The upper conclusion of the resulting rotor 18 'again forms the aforementioned baffle plate 19 with impact blocks 21, the lower end of an annular disc 30. By means not shown axially acting clamping means, the items of the rotor 18' are clamped together.

Der Rotor 18' gemäß Fig. 6 unterscheidet sich von der soeben beschriebenen Ausführungsform lediglich durch die Zwischenschaltung koaxialer Stauscheiben 31 zwischen benachbarte scheibenförmige Rotorelemente 28'. Der Durchmesser der Stauscheiben 31 ist so gewählt, dass die Stauscheiben 31 mit ihrem Umfang die Vertiefungen 24 teilweise oder vollständig radial überlappen. Durch geeignete Wahl des Durchmessers der Stauscheiben 31 kann somit die Aufenthaltsdauer des Aufgabeguts im Bereich des Rotors 18' beeinflusst werden und damit die Intensität der Bearbeitung.The rotor 18 'according to Fig. 6 differs from the embodiment just described only by the interposition of coaxial baffle plates 31 between adjacent disk-shaped rotor elements 28 '. The diameter of the baffle plates 31 is selected so that the baffle plates 31 overlap with their circumference, the recesses 24 partially or completely radially. By suitable choice of the diameter of the baffle plates 31, the residence time of the feed material in the region of the rotor 18 'can thus be influenced and thus the intensity of the processing.

Das in Verbindung mit dem Rotor 18' gemäß der Fig. 5 und 6 gewählte Profil der Vertiefungen 24 ist in Fig. 10 genauer dargestellt. Die Vertiefungen 24 besitzen in einer axialen Draufsicht einen asymmetrischen Verlauf, der bewirkt, dass die Stege 26 in Umlaufrichtung 32 eine vordere Flanke 33 mit in etwa radialer Ausrichtung aufweisen, während die hintere Flanke 35 demgegenüber flacher verläuft und am Grund der Vertiefung 24 in einer Rundung in die vordere Flanke 33 des nachfolgenden Stegs 26 übergeht. Die vordere Flanke 33 kann zudem ganz oder teilweise mit einer Verschleißschicht 34 versehen sein um die Werkzeugstandzeiten zu erhöhen. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine sägezahnartige Ausgestaltung des Rotors 18' über seinen Umfang, der sich durch sein aggressives Zerkleinerungsverhalten auszeichnet.This in conjunction with the rotor 18 'according to the FIGS. 5 and 6 selected profile of the recesses 24 is in Fig. 10 shown in more detail. The recesses 24 have in an axial plan view an asymmetrical course, which causes the webs 26 in the circumferential direction 32 have a front edge 33 in an approximately radial orientation, while the trailing edge 35, in contrast, flatter and at the bottom of the recess 24 in a rounding in the front edge 33 of the subsequent bridge 26 passes. The front flank 33 can also be wholly or partially provided with a wear layer 34 to increase the tool life. In this way, a sawtooth-like configuration of the rotor 18 'results over its circumference, which is characterized by its aggressive crushing behavior.

Aus den Fig. 7 und 8 gehen weitere mögliche Ausgestaltungen der Vertiefungen 24 hervor. So ist es möglich, die Länge und/oder auch radiale Tiefe in Umfangsrichtung aufeinanderfolgender Vertiefungen 24 zu variieren, um eine bestimmte Art der Bearbeitung zu erreichen. Dabei führen kleine Vertiefungen zu Wirbeln kleinen Durchmessers, aber hoher Umlaufgeschwindigkeit, während große Vertiefungen eine Entspannungszone mit Wirbeln großen Durchmessers und geringeren Umlaufgeschwindigkeiten bilden. Der Wechsel dieser unterschiedlichen Wirbel fördert einen intensiven Aufschluss des Aufgabeguts.From the Fig. 7 and 8th go further possible embodiments of the recesses 24. Thus, it is possible to vary the length and / or also radial depth in the circumferential direction of successive depressions 24 in order to achieve a specific type of processing. Small depressions lead to small vertebrae Diameter, but high circulation speed, while large depressions form a relaxation zone with large diameter vortices and slower circulation speeds. The change of these different vortices promotes an intensive digestion of the feed.

Wie in Fig. 7 dargestellt können die Vertiefungen 24 in einer axialen Draufsicht im wesentlichen rechtwinklig ausgebildet sein, wobei die Eckbereiche vorzugsweise ausgerundet sind, um einen der Durchströmung angenäherten stetigen Verlauf zu erzielen. Dabei werden die Vertiefungen 24 auch hier von sich radial erstreckenden, im Querschnitt symmetrischen Stegen 26 getrennt. In Fig. 7 sieht man ferner die innere Oberfläche der Statorwerkzeuge 20, die den Vertiefungen 24 und Stegen 26 unter Einhaltung eines Arbeitsspalts 36 radial gegenüber liegt. Die Oberfläche der Statorwerkzeuge 20 wird von einer Vielzahl halbkreisförmiger Ausnehmungen 37 gebildet, die sich in axialer Richtung über die gesamte Höhe des Rotors 18 erstrecken.As in Fig. 7 illustrated depressions 24 may be formed in an axial plan view substantially at right angles, wherein the corner regions are preferably rounded in order to achieve a continuous flow approximated to the flow. In this case, the recesses 24 are also separated here by radially extending, symmetrical cross-section webs 26. In Fig. 7 Furthermore, one sees the inner surface of the stator tools 20, which lies radially opposite the recesses 24 and webs 26 while maintaining a working gap 36. The surface of the stator tools 20 is formed by a plurality of semicircular recesses 37, which extend in the axial direction over the entire height of the rotor 18.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Rotors 18 zeigt Fig. 8. Die dort dargestellten Vertiefungen 24 besitzen in einer axialen Draufsicht halbkreisförmige Gestalt, wobei in Umfangsrichtung aufeinanderfolgende Vertiefungen 24 einen unterschiedlichen Radius besitzen. Dadurch weisen aufeinanderfolgende Vertiefungen 24 sowohl eine unterschiedliche Länge als auch unterschiedliche Tiefe auf. Die Halbkreisform der Vertiefungen 24 entspricht wenigstens teilweise der Bahn der Wirbel, so dass der damit eintretende Selbstreinigungseffekt Ablagerungen in den Vertiefungen verhindert. In Fig. 8 wirken die Vertiefungen 24 und die sich zwischen den Vertiefungen 24 ergebenden Stege 26 mit sägezahnartig ausgebildeten Statorwerkzeugen 20 zusammen.Another embodiment of a rotor 18 according to the invention shows Fig. 8 , The recesses 24 shown therein have an axial plan view of a semicircular shape, wherein in the circumferential direction successive recesses 24 have a different radius. As a result, successive recesses 24 have both a different length and different depth. The semicircular shape of the recesses 24 corresponds at least partially to the path of the vortices, so that the self-cleaning effect occurring thereby prevents deposits in the recesses. In Fig. 8 The recesses 24 and the webs 26 resulting between the depressions 24 cooperate with sawtooth-shaped stator tools 20.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Statorwerkzeuge 20 ist noch in Fig. 9 gezeigt, die einen mäanderartigen Verlauf der Oberfläche der Statorwerkzeuge 20 offenbart mit im Querschnitt quadratischen, axial verlaufenden Nuten 38 und Leisten 39. Der in Fig. 9 dargestellte Rotor 18, 18' entspricht ansonsten dem in Fig. 7 dargestellten und beschriebenen. Aus den Fig. 7 bis 9 geht zudem hervor, dass die Erstreckung der Vertiefungen 24 des Rotors 18, 18' in Umfangsrichtung einem Vielfachen der vergleichbaren Erstreckung der Ausnehmungen 37 entspricht, beispielsweise mindestens dem 4-fachen.Another embodiment of the stator tools 20 is still in Fig. 9 showing a meander-like course of the surface of the stator tools 20 disclosed with in cross-section square, axially extending grooves 38 and strips 39. The in Fig. 9 otherwise illustrated rotor 18, 18 'corresponds to the in Fig. 7 shown and described. From the Fig. 7 to 9 also shows that the extent of the recesses 24 of the rotor 18, 18 'in the circumferential direction corresponds to a multiple of the comparable extent of the recesses 37, for example at least 4 times.

Es versteht sich, dass die Erfindung nicht auf die hier in den einzelnen Ausführungsbeispielen offenbarten Merkmalskombinationen beschränkt ist, sondern selbstverständlich auch Ausführungsformen mit umfasst, bei denen die Merkmale unterschiedlicher Ausführungsformen miteinander kombiniert sind. Beispielsweise können die in den Fig. 7 bis 10 dargestellten Vertiefungen 24 sowohl an einem Rotor 18 mit nur einem Rotorelement 28 als auch an einem scheibenförmig aufgebauten Rotor 18' verwirklicht sein. Auch können alle geometrischen Ausbildungen der Stege 26 und/oder Vertiefungen 24 eines Rotors 18, 18' in ihrer Länge und Tiefe variieren oder es können unterschiedliche geometrische Ausgestaltungen der Stege 26 und/oder Vertiefungen 24 in Umfangsrichtung oder von Umfangseben 25 zu Umfangsebene 25 kombiniert werden.It is understood that the invention is not limited to the combinations of features disclosed herein in the individual embodiments, but of course also includes embodiments in which the features of different embodiments are combined. For example, in the Fig. 7 to 10 Wells 24 shown to be realized both on a rotor 18 with only one rotor element 28 and on a disc-shaped rotor 18 '. Also, all geometric configurations of the webs 26 and / or recesses 24 of a rotor 18, 18 'in their length and depth vary or different geometric configurations of the webs 26 and / or recesses 24 in the circumferential direction or from peripheral planes 25 to the circumferential plane 25 can be combined ,

Claims (15)

Vorrichtung zum Mischen, Mahlen, Trocknen, Desagglomerieren, Zerkleinern oder Coatieren von Aufgabegut mit einem innerhalb eines Gehäuses (1) um eine Achse (4) drehenden, auf einer Antriebswelle (17) sitzenden Rotor (18, 18') mit zylindrischer oder konischer Mantelfläche und einem den Rotor (18, 18') unter Einhaltung eines radialen Arbeitsspalts (36) umgreifenden, gegenüber dem Gehäuse (1) ortsfesten Stator, wobei der Rotor (18, 18') mindestens ein Rotorelement (28, 28') besitzt, das in radialer Richtung untergliedert ist in einen inneren, einen Tragkörper (40) bildenden Bereich, der drehfest mit der Antriebswelle (17) verbunden ist, und einen äußeren, Rotorwerkzeuge (23) bildenden Bereich, wobei die Rotorwerkzeuge (23) vom Tragkörper (40) gehalten sind und mit Statorwerkzeugen (20) am Innenumfang des Stators zusammenwirken, und wobei das Aufgabegut im Trägergasstrom dem Arbeitsspalt (36) zugeführt wird,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bildung der Rotorwerkzeuge (23) am Außenumfang des mindestens einen Rotorelements (28, 28') des Rotors (18, 18') eine Vielzahl von Vertiefungen (24) angeordnet ist, wobei Bereiche zwischen zwei benachbarten Vertiefungen (24) Stege (26, 27) ausbilden, die die zur Bearbeitung des Aufgabeguts wirksamen Kanten der Rotorwerkzeuge (23) bilden.Apparatus for mixing, grinding, drying, deagglomerating, crushing or coating feedstock with a rotor (18, 18 ') with a cylindrical or conical mantle surface rotating within a housing (1) about an axis (4) and seated on a drive shaft (17) and a stator which surrounds the rotor (18, 18 ') while maintaining a radial working gap (36), stationary relative to the housing (1), the rotor (18, 18') having at least one rotor element (28, 28 ') is divided into an inner, a support body (40) forming region which is rotatably connected to the drive shaft (17), and an outer, rotor tools (23) forming region, said rotor tools (23) from the support body (40) are held and cooperate with stator tools (20) on the inner circumference of the stator, and wherein the feed material in the carrier gas stream is supplied to the working gap (36),
characterized in that for forming the rotor tools (23) on the outer periphery of the at least one rotor element (28, 28 ') of the rotor (18, 18') a plurality of recesses (24) is arranged, wherein areas between two adjacent recesses (24) Form webs (26, 27), which form the effective for processing of the feed material edges of the rotor tools (23). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haupterstreckungsrichtung der Vertiefungen (24) in Umfangsrichtung des Rotors (18, 18') oder senkrecht zur Umfangsrichtung, also parallel zu einer Mantellinie des Rotors (18, 18') verläuftApparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the main extension direction of the recesses (24) in the circumferential direction of the rotor (18, 18 ') or perpendicular to the circumferential direction, that is parallel to a generating line of the rotor (18, 18') Vorrichtung nach Anspruche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vertiefungen (24) in mehreren axial gestaffelten Ebenen (25) nebeneinander angeordnet sind und die einzelnen Vertiefungen (24) einer Ebene (25) in Umfangsrichtung (32) fluchtend hintereinander angeordnet sind.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the recesses (24) in a plurality of axially staggered planes (25) are arranged side by side and the individual recesses (24) of a plane (25) in the circumferential direction (32) are arranged in alignment one behind the other. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass benachbarte Vertiefungen (24) in Umfangsrichtung (32) und/oder in axialer Richtung mit Versatz zueinander angeordnet sind.Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that adjacent recesses (24) are arranged in the circumferential direction (32) and / or in the axial direction with offset from each other. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass benachbarte Vertiefungen (24) unterschiedliche Längen und/oder Tiefen aufweisen.Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that adjacent recesses (24) have different lengths and / or depths. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis von Länge zu Tiefe der Vertiefungen (24) in einem Bereich von 2 : 1 bis 3 : 1 liegt.Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ratio of length to depth of the recesses (24) in a range of 2: 1 to 3: 1. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stege (26) im Querschnitt symmetrisch ausgebildet sind.Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the webs (26) are formed symmetrically in cross section. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stege (26) im Querschnitt asymmetrisch ausgebildet sind, wobei die in Rotationsrichtung (32) des Rotors (18, 18') vorauseilende Flanke (33) des Stegs (26) steiler verläuft als die nachfolgende Flanke (35).Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the webs (26) are formed asymmetrically in cross section, wherein in the direction of rotation (32) of the rotor (18, 18 ') leading flank (33) of the web (26) steeper runs as the trailing edge (35). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Außenumfang des mindestens einen Rotorelements (28, 28') bildenden Seiten der Vertiefungen (24) stetig ineinander übergehen.Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the outer circumference of the at least one rotor element (28, 28 ') forming sides of the recesses (24) merge into one another continuously. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Rotorelement (28, 28') des Rotors (18, 18') monolithisch ausgebildet ist.Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the at least one rotor element (28, 28 ') of the rotor (18, 18') is monolithic. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rotor (18, 18') mehrere scheibenförmige Rotorelemente (28') umfasst, die koaxial zur Rotationsachse (4) axial aneinander liegen und die einzelnen Außenumfänge der Rotorelemente (28') zusammen den Mantel des Rotors (28') bilden.Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the rotor (18, 18 ') comprises a plurality of disc-shaped rotor elements (28') coaxial with the axis of rotation (4) axially adjacent to each other and the individual outer circumferences of the rotor elements (28 ') together form the jacket of the rotor (28 '). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die scheibenförmigen Rotorelemente (28') entlang ihres Außenumfangs Vertiefungen (24) aufweisen, die zusammen mit den Vertiefungen (24) benachbarter Rotorelemente (28) eine zusammenhängende Gesamtvertiefung ergeben.Apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the disc-shaped rotor elements (28 ') along their outer periphery recesses (24) which together with the recesses (24) of adjacent rotor elements (28) give a coherent overall depression. Vorrichtung nach einem, der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rotor (18, 18') mindestens einen auf einem Umfangskreis liegenden Ringsteg als Stauelement aufweist.Device according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the rotor (18, 18 ') has at least one annular web lying on a peripheral circle as a stagnation element. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ringsteg von den die Vertiefungen (24) in axialer Richtung begrenzenden Stegen (27) gebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the annular web of the recesses (24) in the axial direction limiting webs (27) is formed. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ringsteg jeweils von einer zwischen den Rotorelementen (28') koaxial angeordneten Stauscheibe (31) gebildet ist.Apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the annular web in each case by a between the rotor elements (28 ') coaxially arranged baffle plate (31) is formed.
EP10004784.4A 2009-05-11 2010-05-06 Device for processing dispensed products Not-in-force EP2251084B1 (en)

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CN111482240A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-08-04 徐国华 Stone crushing device
CN112403000A (en) * 2020-11-25 2021-02-26 方梅珍 Preparation method of concrete modified additive
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US8480016B2 (en) 2013-07-09
DE102009020714A1 (en) 2010-11-18

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