EP2232160A1 - Admission d'air silencieuse pour conduits de ventilation, silencieux pour l'admission d'air et procédé de fonctionnement de l'admission d'air et du silencieux - Google Patents

Admission d'air silencieuse pour conduits de ventilation, silencieux pour l'admission d'air et procédé de fonctionnement de l'admission d'air et du silencieux

Info

Publication number
EP2232160A1
EP2232160A1 EP07849328A EP07849328A EP2232160A1 EP 2232160 A1 EP2232160 A1 EP 2232160A1 EP 07849328 A EP07849328 A EP 07849328A EP 07849328 A EP07849328 A EP 07849328A EP 2232160 A1 EP2232160 A1 EP 2232160A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air intake
sound
shells
sound waves
intake according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07849328A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniele Bassi
Alessandro Placci
Emiliano Santi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EUR EX Srl
Original Assignee
EUR EX Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EUR EX Srl filed Critical EUR EX Srl
Publication of EP2232160A1 publication Critical patent/EP2232160A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/02—Ducting arrangements
    • F24F13/06—Outlets for directing or distributing air into rooms or spaces, e.g. ceiling air diffuser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F2007/0025—Ventilation using vent ports in a wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
    • F24F13/24—Means for preventing or suppressing noise
    • F24F2013/242—Sound-absorbing material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air intake, particularly one of the type which can be fitted in a wall and which can attenuate any noise propagated through its ventilation channel.
  • the ventilation of an area may be accompanied by the troublesome presence of noise which may be propagated in an area communicating with the exterior or with another area through an air intake, or which may be caused by the air moving in the ducts of a ventilation system, or may be generated by fans and/or conditioners forming part of such a system.
  • the prior art discloses the use of silencers to be placed outside air intakes, to attenuate any noise which may be propagated through the air flow, such as the silencer described in Japanese patent application no. 2004184640 in the name of Komatsu Ltd.
  • this solution can enable the problem of noise in ventilation systems to be overcome, its shape is such that it imparts a discontinuous appearance to the wall in question, which some persons may find disagreeable, and which imposes limits and constraints on the architect.
  • Another product available on the market is a device called "Louvres", produced and marketed by the Benson Company of Belgium, which comprises a frame which can be fitted on a partition wall or on the end of a ventilation duct.
  • This device is provided with a plurality of substantially C-shaped metal sections, coated internally with sound- absorbing material and facing each other so as to define a labyrinthine path along which the volume of exchanged air flows.
  • Benson website www.benson.be
  • the object of the invention is to provide an air intake, particularly one of the type which can be fitted in a wall and which can attenuate any noise which may be propagated through its ventilation channel, the principal characteristics and method of operation of this air intake being summarized in Claim 1 and in the following dependent claims, while its characteristics are made clear by the following description of some preferred embodiments, illustrated purely by way of non-limiting example in the figures of the five attached sheets of drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a preferred first embodiment of the air intake according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the air intake in section along the line H-Il of Figure 1 ;
  • - Figure 3 shows other details of the air intake shown in section along the line Ill-Ill of Figure 2;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view, broken down into its various components, of a silenced air intake according to one solution which is currently manufactured;
  • - Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show a perspective view of a shell of the boxlike body of the air intake as shown in Figure 4, in successive steps of the fitting of the silencer components into the shell;
  • Fig. 8 shows the air intake as shown in Figure 4, installed in its working position and in section along the line VIII-VIII; - Fig. 9 shows the air intake as shown in Figure 8, in section along the line IX-IX;
  • Figs. 10 and 11 show two details of the construction of the connecting and fixing edges of the two shells which form the boxlike body of the air intake as shown in Figures 4 to 9.
  • the number 1 indicates the whole of an air intake which can be used to provide a constant air exchange between a first area Vl and a second area V2, and also to efficiently attenuate the intensity of any sound waves that may be propagated through the exchanged air flow between the said first and second areas Vl and V2, which can be either open or closed areas.
  • the air intake 1 is fitted in a wall 10 which supports and contains it, and it comprises a boxlike body 20 of substantially parallelepipedal shape, made from rigid materials, for example from plastics, metal and/or other suitable materials which can be used for the purpose (see below).
  • the boxlike body 20 is provided with a first aperture 30 and a second aperture 40 which longitudinally delimit a ventilation channel 22.
  • This channel 22 is enclosed in the said boxlike body 20 and keeps the areas Vl and V2 in constant atmospheric communication with each other.
  • the channel 22 has a shape which varies along its longitudinal axis A and comprises an intermediate portion 23, connected to the said first and second apertures 30 and 40 by two opposing portions 32 which are substantially identical and which have a smaller cross section than that of the said intermediate portion 23.
  • the intermediate portion 23 houses a central baffle 52 which divides it into two substantially identical and symmetrical parts.
  • each corresponding free section of the channel 22 has a minimum size which is close to but greater than that of a cross section of either of the end portions 32, in order to prevent the formation of constrictions which could adversely affect the free exchange of air between the said first and second areas Vl and V2.
  • the said channel 22 is shaped symmetrically about a vertical median plane M which comprises the said longitudinal axis A and which is shown in Figure 2 only, where it coincides with the section line III III and cuts the baffle 52 in half, thus dividing the air current into two flows which are substantially identical and symmetrical with respect to each other.
  • the baffle 52 can be produced economically from a single layer of a specified material, or alternatively it can have a multi-layer structure, thus providing better silencing characteristics.
  • the said baffle 52 can, for example, comprise at least one pair of outer first layers 522, made from sound-absorbing material, joined together in a sandwich configuration by a second intermediate layer 524 made from any material having good acoustic insulation properties.
  • a material called “sound-insulating” or “acoustic insulating” tends to attenuate the mechanical energy associated with sound waves that strike it, thus transmitting only a portion of the incident mechanical energy, while a “sound-absorbing” material which is struck by the same sound waves tends to break them down within itself, thus reflecting only a portion of them. Therefore a multi-layer body which comprises at least one layer of sound-absorbing material and at least one layer of acoustic insulating material tends to combine the reactions described above, thus making the absorption of mechanical energy from the incident sound waves highly effective.
  • the outer sound-absorbing first layers 522 can be made from mineralized wood wool, while the sound-insulating second layer 524 can comprise a simple lead sheet.
  • the baffle 52 can be considered to be an acoustic shield for minimizing the mechanical energy associated with sound waves incident on it, to impede the free propagation of these sound waves along the ventilation channel 22.
  • the shield 52 can disperse some of the sound waves incident on it, by reflecting them towards the periphery of the channel 22 by means of the sound-absorbing first layers 522, but more importantly it can attenuate the mechanical energy transmitted to it by the remaining incident sound waves, by means of the sound-insulating second layer 524.
  • the boxlike body 20 is lined internally with a covering 54 which is shaped so as to delimit the channel 22.
  • the covering 54 can comprise a third layer 542 of sound-absorbing material, or, more efficiently, it can have a multi-layer structure comprising at least the said sound-absorbing third layer 542, joined to a fourth layer 544 produced from a resilient material which has sound-insulating properties.
  • the covering 54 can therefore reflect in a damped way the sound waves incident on its surface adjacent to the channel 22, and can therefore be considered to be a sound wave damper.
  • the covering 54 has only one pair of the said third and fourth layers 542 and 544.
  • the sound-absorbing third layer 542 can be produced from mineralized wood wool, while the resilient fourth layer 544 can be produced from mineral wool or polyester fibre or natural fibre.
  • the boxlike body 20, being rigid can be considered to be an outer protective shell for the covering 54.
  • the combination of all the sound-absorbing third layers 542 which externally delimit the channel 22 can be considered to be an inner shell 24, and these shells 20 and 24 are joined together resiliently by means of at least one fourth layer 544 which acts as an interface between these shells.
  • the combination of the outer shell 20, the inner shell 24 and the resilient intermediate layer 544 forms a damped oscillator 27 which can dissipate the mechanical energy absorbed from any sound waves which strike the shell 24.
  • the covering 54 can both reflect in a damped way the sound waves incident on any part of its sound-absorbing third layer 542, and dissipate the mechanical energy absorbed from the sound waves incident on it, by means of the damped oscillations of the oscillator 27.
  • the boxlike body 20 can also be covered externally with a further fifth layer 25 made from sound-insulating and at least partially resilient material, to decouple the air intake 1 from the wall 10 acoustically.
  • This fifth layer 25 can therefore be made, for example but not exclusively, from closed-cell expanded polyethylene or with a sandwich-type polyethylene-lead- polyethylene structure, such as that described above.
  • the acoustic decoupling between the boxlike body or shell 20 and the wall 10 can be obtained by means of a discontinuous structure, for example but not exclusively of a grid type, to provide mutual contact at a plurality of points.
  • the combination of the damping shell 54 and the acoustic shield 52 can be considered to be a silencing device 50 carried internally by the boxlike body 20 for damping any sound waves which may be propagated through the flow of air exchanged between the first and second areas V1 and V2.
  • a silencing device 50 carried internally by the boxlike body 20 for damping any sound waves which may be propagated through the flow of air exchanged between the first and second areas V1 and V2.
  • the sound waves incident on the periphery of the body 54 including those originating directly from the outside and those previously deflected by the shield 52, are made to undergo a sequence of damped reflections, providing maximum dispersion of the mechanical energy carried by these sound waves. Finally, the remainder of the mechanical energy given up by the sound waves incident on the periphery of the covering 54 is dissipated by the damped oscillations of each part of the third layer 542 with respect to the boxlike body 20.
  • the combination of the damping covering 54 and the baffle 52 is such that the boxlike body 20, which comprises both of these, can substantially be considered to be an acoustic anechoic chamber.
  • the boxlike body 20 is insulated from the sound waves arriving from the outside through its walls and can damp the sound waves propagated inside the body 20 through the channel 22.
  • the boxlike body 20 is made so as to have dimensions which are multiples of those of a UNI double format building brick (12 x 12 x 24 cm) and the said boxlike body is formed by two identical shells 120 and 220, made for example by the injection moulding of plastics material, using, for example, polypropylene or other suitable plastics material.
  • Each of the aforesaid shells is provided with a thickened perimetric edge, half of which is grooved as indicated by 55 in the detail of Figure 10 while the other half has a projecting bead 56 complementary to the groove 55, and the boundaries between these two different male and female profiles are located in the centres of the short sides of the two identical shells, the whole arrangement being such that, when the said shells are joined together with one of them rotated through 180° with respect to the other, the male edge 56 of one shell enters the grooved or female edge 55 of the other shell, thus forming a perfectly centred and substantially airtight joint between the shells.
  • Figure 10 shows how the joint between the said profiles 55 and 56 creates a coupling of the labyrinth type which is favourable to sealing and to the acoustic insulation of the boxlike body 20 from the external environment.
  • Figure 4 and the detail of Figure 11 also show that the said shells have teeth 57 with wedge-shaped outwardly facing heads, made in one piece with the male profile 56 and projecting from it, these teeth being inserted, when the shells are joined together to form the boxlike body 20, into corresponding slots 58 provided on the female profile 55, and being snap-locked under the edge of the shell carrying this profile 55, thus fixing the shells 120 and 220 together.
  • the shells 120 and 220 have the apertures 30 and 40 which are more fully described below and which, regardless of the rotation of the shells through 180° which is carried out before they are joined together, remain perfectly aligned with each other along the said axis A of Figure 1 , owing to their central locations on the said walls as described above.
  • the layers and baffles of sound-absorbing and sound-insulating material required for the operation of the equipment can easily be placed within the shells 120 and 220 while these are open.
  • the first step is to mount inside each shell 120, 220 the parties which form the inner covering 54 as described with reference to Figures 2 and 3, and which comprises U-shaped bodies 154, made from sound- absorbing material, for example material of the type having the trade name of Edilfiber®, made from recycled PET bottles, or other materials having similar sound- absorbing characteristics, which form an annular inner covering of the lateral walls of the said shells and are held in position by linear appendages 200 formed in one piece with the base walls of the shells and by bracket-like appendages 201 formed in one piece with the lateral walls of the shells.
  • sound- absorbing material for example material of the type having the trade name of Edilfiber®, made from recycled PET bottles, or other materials having similar sound- absorbing characteristics
  • the first appendages 200 hold the covering bodies 154 against the lateral walls of the shell, while the other appendages 201 hold the said bodies 154 against the base walls of the shells.
  • the parallel branches of the said lateral covering bodies 154 have recesses of identical depth in their parts facing the outside of the shell, forming seats 59 in this covering for the purposes described above.
  • mats 254 forming the inner covering of the base walls of the shells 120 and 220 are installed, these mats being made from the same material as that used to form the said lateral covering bodies 154, and being provided in their centres with holes 60 which closely circumscribe internal projections 130 and 140 of the inlet and outlet apertures 30 and 40 of the air intake according to the invention, as shown in the detail of Figure 6.
  • brackets 202 of inverted L-shape formed in one piece with the said base wall or otherwise associated therewith.
  • the holes visible in the aforesaid brackets 202 and 201 are discharge holes required for the production of these components and are not provided to meet specific functional requirements.
  • the inner edges of the said inner projections 130 and 140 of the apertures 30 and 40 have projecting appendages 61 made in one piece with them and spaced at equal angular intervals, the most remote parts of these appendages lying on a theoretical plane which contains the bases of the said seats 59 of the lateral covering bodies 54, this arrangement being provided because, in a subsequent step of assembly, a parallelepipedal baffle 52 is inserted into one of the two shells 120 and 220, the baffle having both sound-absorbing and sound- insulating properties, and being made for example from the material having the trade name Stratifon 40® or from other materials with similar sound-absorbing and sound- insulating characteristics.
  • the baffle 52 engages with the said seats 59 with its larger face bearing . on these seats and also on the said projections 61, and projects from the shell in which it is mounted for a distance equal to the depth of the portion with which it engages with the seats 59 of the shell, in such a way that, when the two shells 120 and 220 are joined and fixed together, the projecting part of the baffle 52 engages with the seats 59 of the lateral covering body 154 of the other shell, as shown in Figures 8 and 9 which correspond, respectively, to the schematic views in Figures 2 and 3.
  • the assembly of the lateral insulating parts 154 and 254 and the central baffle 52 forms the silencing element indicated by the number 50 in the schematic version shown in Figures 2 and 3, while the free inner channel of the air intake is also indicated here by the number 22.
  • the shells 120 and 220 are provided on their inner and outer surfaces with ribs 62 which act as reinforcements, which internally limit the contact between the box and the covering materials 154 and 254, thus limiting the transmission of sound waves between the two parts, and which externally ensure that the boxlike element formed by them is fixed effectively to the mortar for fixing in the wall 10.
  • Figures 4, 8 and 9 show how the apertures 30 and 40 are also provided with outer collars 230 and 240 aligned with the inner collars 130 and 140, the latter being provided with conical edges 63 to form a sealed joint with a portion of tube 64 for extending at least one of the two apertures 30 or 40 of the equipment concerned towards the outside.
  • the boxlike element 20 is installed in one face of the wall 10, for example the inner face, and therefore the edge 230 is substantially flush with this face, and a ventilation grille G1 , preferably of the type having a grid or filter (not shown) for impeding the passage of insects, can be mounted on this edge.
  • the tube 64 is mounted on the aperture 40 and is cut to size so that its other end adjoins the outer face of the wall 10, where a ventilation grille G2 similar to the internal one is provided.
  • the boxlike element 20 can be located in any inner part of the wall 10 and that the accompanying tube 64 can be divided into two parts so that it can be mounted on both of the apertures 30 and 40.
  • the protection of the invention extends to the variant construction in which the boxlike element 20 is intended to form part of any ventilation duct, for example by forming an intermediate and/or final portion of a duct with the said boxlike element, which can be extended or replaced by a portion of the said ventilation duct.
  • the air intake 1 with the attached silencing device 50 can be used to implement a method for treating the sound waves which are propagated between two areas which are put into atmospheric communication with each other by means of an air intake or by means of a ventilation system, in such a way as to attenuate the intensity of the said sound waves.
  • This method comprises, initially, the step of dividing the sound waves passing through the channel 22 of the air intake in question into a first and a second portion which are distinct from each other, in order to treat them independently.
  • This step of dividing the sound waves passing through the channel 22 into distinct first and second portions comprises the subsidiary step of treating the sound waves of the first portion in such a way that their direction of propagation is kept substantially unchanged, and the subsidiary step of treating the sound waves of the second portion in such a way that they are dispersed along the ventilation channel 22.
  • the step of dividing the sound waves passing through the channel 22 into first and second portions is followed by a step of attenuating the intensity of the first portion of sound waves by propagation through the baffle 52, and by the step of attenuating the intensity of the second portion of sound waves, which comprises a subsidiary step of damping the second portion of sound waves by means of a plurality of damped reflections between the said baffle 52 and the inner covering body 54, 154, 254 of the boxlike element 20, and a subsidiary step of absorbing the mechanical energy associated with the second portion of sound waves by means of the damped oscillator 27.
  • the step of attenuating the intensity of the first portion of sound waves by propagation through the baffle 52 and the step of attenuating the intensity of the second portion of sound waves are substantially simultaneous. It is clear from the above description that the air intake I with the associated silencing device 50 makes it possible to reduce the flow of mechanical energy and consequently that of the noise associated with sound waves propagated in the volume of air exchanged through the said air intake. In particular, the use of the air intake 1 provides a number of advantages, including economy and considerable ease of installation, since the silencing device 50 is structurally integrated with the air intake 1 which can be fitted inside the wall 10 and can be finished simply by mounting suitable ventilation grilles, as indicated by G1 and G2 in Figures 8 and 9, on the outer apertures 30 and 40.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Duct Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une admission d'air (1) destinée à établir une communication atmosphérique entre une première zone (V1) et une seconde zone (V2) séparées par au moins une paroi (10) et reliées au moyen d'un système de ventilation ou conduit de ventilation, laquelle admission d'air (1) comprend un corps de type boîte (20) comportant des première et seconde ouvertures (30, 40) reliées entre elles par un canal de ventilation (22) qui passe à travers ledit corps de type boîte et qui permet à un écoulement d'air de passer entre lesdites première et seconde zones (V1, V2), et comprend au moins un dispositif d'atténuation du son (50) situé à l'intérieur dudit corps de type boîte (20), pour amortir toute onde sonore transportée par l'écoulement d'air passant à travers ledit canal de ventilation (22).
EP07849328A 2007-12-04 2007-12-04 Admission d'air silencieuse pour conduits de ventilation, silencieux pour l'admission d'air et procédé de fonctionnement de l'admission d'air et du silencieux Withdrawn EP2232160A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2007/054913 WO2009071963A1 (fr) 2007-12-04 2007-12-04 Admission d'air silencieuse pour conduits de ventilation, silencieux pour l'admission d'air et procédé de fonctionnement de l'admission d'air et du silencieux

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2232160A1 true EP2232160A1 (fr) 2010-09-29

Family

ID=39591107

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07849328A Withdrawn EP2232160A1 (fr) 2007-12-04 2007-12-04 Admission d'air silencieuse pour conduits de ventilation, silencieux pour l'admission d'air et procédé de fonctionnement de l'admission d'air et du silencieux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2232160A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009071963A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11592205B2 (en) 2018-12-18 2023-02-28 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Silencer assembly for air handling unit of an HVAC system

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015205497A1 (de) * 2015-03-26 2016-09-29 Maico Elektroapparate-Fabrik Gmbh Schalldämpfer für eine Lüftungseinrichtung, Schalldämpferanordnung, Lüftungseinrichtung sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Schalldämpfers
US10139126B2 (en) 2016-10-11 2018-11-27 University Of Dammam Airborne noise reduction system and method
PL419870A1 (pl) * 2016-12-18 2018-07-02 Paweł Jaśko Wentylacyjna skrzynka przyłączeniowa
SE1850117A1 (en) * 2018-02-01 2019-08-02 Hiak Ab An air vent
BE1030595B1 (nl) * 2022-06-07 2024-01-15 Wilms N V Wanddoorvoer

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NL262265A (fr) * 1960-03-11 1900-01-01
FI85188C (fi) * 1990-03-12 1992-03-10 Jorma Koenoenen Foerfarande och arrangemang foer att daempa tonen och/eller foer att reglera stroemningen i ett stroemningssystem foer ett gasformigt medelaemne, saosom t.ex. i ett luftbehandlingssystems luftdistributions- och/eller avluftningssystem, samt anvaendning av en modulljuddaempare.
SK31897A3 (en) * 1997-03-11 1998-10-07 Milan Nemcek Opening filler with system securing ventilation and sound-deadening
FI20035204A0 (fi) * 2003-11-12 2003-11-12 Tapio Tarpio Ääniloukku
EP1913310A1 (fr) * 2005-07-29 2008-04-23 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Systeme d'insonorisation, en particulier pour un appareil menager

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11592205B2 (en) 2018-12-18 2023-02-28 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Silencer assembly for air handling unit of an HVAC system
US11874017B2 (en) 2018-12-18 2024-01-16 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Silencer assembly for air handling unit of an HVAC system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2009071963A1 (fr) 2009-06-11

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