EP2228618A2 - Training projectile - Google Patents

Abstract

The bullet (1) has a casing (2), particularly made from tombac and a core (3) made from soft irons and less alloyed or unalloyed steel. A cavity (5) is provided between a front end (8) and the core in a forward tapered point area of the bullet inside the casing.

Description

The invention relates to a projectile for practice cartridges, which has a sheath made of Tombak and a core of soft iron.

For example, practice cartridges are used by the police to train at the shooting range. The projectiles should therefore be pollutant, so in particular have no lead. Another requirement is that the exercise cartridges in the case of the removal should represent a lower risk to the security forces, so should have the lowest possible projectile energy and breakdown capacity. In particular, it should be possible to be able to shoot at persons wearing a protective vest without these being able to be injured by an impacting projectile.

There are also so-called projectiles with ballistic hood known. These are used for example for hunting purposes, in which a hollow ballistic hood, for example made of plastic or copper is placed on the tip of the hollow point projectile. In flight, the projectile therefore has the advantageous aerodynamics of a bullet. At the finish, the hood is simply deformed and the projectile behaves like a normal hollow point bullet. Similarly, a so-called Expanding Full Metal Jacket (EFMJ) is constructed: The bullet has a soft tip before his lead core z. B. made of rubber. When hitting a target, the tip gives way and the mantle deforms. Again, the ballistic properties of a solid shell projectile with the man stopping effect of a hollow point bullet are connected. These bullets are not pollutant because of the use of lead.

The object of the present invention is to be able to meet the requirements for exercise cartridges in a particularly advantageous manner and inexpensively.

To solve this problem, a bullet for practice cartridges is proposed according to the invention, which has the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

The projectile according to the invention has a jacket made of Tombak for the protection of the trains and fields in the course of the weapons, from which such projectiles are fired. The bullet also has a soft iron core. It is therefore a low-emission bullet. A soft iron core in the sense of the invention is such a low alloyed iron that it is sufficiently deformable to reduce the here mentioned rebound and Ricochetgefahr. Even the smallest alloy constituents, such as carbon, do not change the substantially soft iron-like properties of the core in the sense of the invention. Here, the term "soft iron" is used as the common name for low-alloyed or unalloyed steels. The special feature of this projectile is that there is a cavity between the bullet tip and the soft iron core inside the shell. This cavity serves as a crumple zone and prevents the penetration of the bullet through a protective vest as used, for example, the police. This calls u.a. the technical guideline PFA-Münster for police purposes. The projectile according to the invention acts as a conventional solid shell (FMJ) projectile in the soft target and can be used as lead-free insert ammunition. International legal provisions are not affected.

When such a bullet hits a protective vest, its bullet tip deforms and thereby converts part of its kinetic energy into deformation energy. In addition, the entire projectile is deformed in such a way that the projectile cross section is increased and thus the specific energy (J / mm ² ) of the impinging projectile is reduced such that a bullet can not penetrate through a protective vest. For this purpose, the soft iron core has a substantially flat end face, which faces forward and is aligned perpendicular to the projectile longitudinal axis. The core and the Cavities are sized so that the following conditions are met:

The cavity is sufficiently large so that a sufficient deformation behavior can be achieved on impact with sufficient resistance. By this is meant here that by squeezing the cavity end face of the bullet basically takes the shape of the core and thus the surface load / specific energy (J / mm ²⁾ decreases in the projectile nose such that a breakdown is not longer possible. This condition is particularly satisfied when the ratio of the end surface of the core to the caliber surface corresponds to the following condition $$0.20\le \frac{A_{\mathit{face}.\mathit{core}}}{A_{\mathit{caliber}}}\le 0.95.\mathrm{preferably}0.25\le \frac{A_{\mathit{face}.\mathit{core}}}{A_{\mathit{caliber}}}\le 0.7$$

On the other hand, the cavity must not be too large, so that sufficient bullet remains. This is necessary for the weapon function with fully or semi-automatic weapons.

The bullet according to the invention deforms in the described and desired manner not only when hitting a protective vest, but also when hitting other sufficiently resisting targets or other objects, such as in particular protective vests from protection class I according to Technical Directive. According to the invention, rebounds on hard surfaces, such as walls or concrete walls, are reduced and the risk of ricochet is reduced.

Preferably, the jacket of the projectile according to the invention is designed as a solid shell. The projectile therefore looks like a normal full-jacketed projectile and behaves in the same way. A solid shell bullet is a bullet type for weapons up to 20 mm bullet diameter, usually with a copper, brass, Tombak or steel shell around a core, usually made of hard lead. The coat protects the barrel of the weapon from abrasion of the core and also prevents deformation or even splitting of the core when hitting a soft target such as a human or animal body,

Preferably, the solid shell has the shape "Ogival",

Preferably, the training bullet in caliber 9 mm, in particular 9 mm para, a weight of 5-7 grams, preferably 6-7 grams, on.

Preferably, the core in the cylindrical rear guide portion of the projectile on a Querschnittreduzierten section, such that in this section of the press-in resistance at the entrance of the fired projectiles is reduced in the barrel. This protects the barrel and lock the weapons when using the practice bullets invention. In this case, the coat still has the normal shape of a conventional solid shell projectile. Preferably, in the region of this section is a gap between the shell and the core.

To further reduce the Einpresswiderstandes preferably the cross-section reduced section is tapered like a truncated cone.

Preferably, the portion extends over the transition region between the cylindrical rear part and the ogive. Preferably, the cross-section reduced portion is short enough to prevent jamming in the barrel. Preferably, therefore, the cross-section reduced portion has a length of 15-40%, preferably 25-35 % of the length of the cylindrical part. This does not necessarily mean that the cross-section reduced section runs exclusively in the area of the cylindrical part.

Although the invention is described with reference to a full jacket made of Tombak, the inventive concept is also applicable to solid shell bullets with other solid shell materials, in particular copper, copper alloys and steel, the skilled person can determine the appropriate design by means of experiments. In experiments, Tombak has proven to be particularly favorable.

In the drawings, embodiments of the projectile according to the invention are shown in approximately tenfold magnification in longitudinal section to further explain the invention. In both cases it is a bullet in the form "Ogival",

That in the Fig. 1 On an enlarged scale projectile 1 for practice purposes has formed as a hollow body shell 2 Tombak, in the lower or rear part of a core 3 is arranged made of soft iron, which only partially fills the space within the shell 2.

In the upper or front portion 4 of the projectile 1 is located within the shell, a cavity 5, which allows the impact of the bullet on a target, the ogive 6 of the projectile mushroom-shaped, whereby the cross section of the projectile is extended, the kinetic Energy of the flying and striking bullet is converted into deformation energy and the bullet is thus stopped in the target. That by squeezing the cavity 5 frontally the projectile substantially assumes the shape of the core 3 and the surface load / specific energy (J / mm ^2), here especially important decreases in the projectile nose such that a breakdown is not longer possible. Namely, it is essentially the flat and comparatively large end face 31 of the core 3 in the target, z. B. a bulletproof vest, effective and not a comparatively sharp projectile nose. The substantially flat end face 31 of the core 3 points to the front and is aligned perpendicular to the projectile longitudinal axis 11.

The shell 2 of the projectile is cylindrically shaped in its lower or rear region 7, while its ogive 6 tapers conically towards the flattened front end-here rounded-end 8. When hitting the projectile 1 on a target of the mantle 2 in The area of the Ogive 6 mushroom-like widened, which allows the cavity 5, the mantle 2 can dissolve during mushrooming in the area of the Ogive 6 also from the core 3, which favors the mushroom-like expansion in addition.

In the illustrated embodiment, the length L of the ogive 6 of the projectile 1, d. H. the length of the jacket 2 from its front end 8 to the point 9, where the cylindrical rear part 10 of the projectile 1 stops and passes into the top, slightly more than 50% of the total length of the projectile. This corresponds approximately to a caliber length or the diameter of the projectile. 1

The height H of the displacement 5 within the shell 2 is slightly less than the length L of the ogive. 6

A full coat in the sense of the invention does not necessarily mean that the back of the core 3 is closed by the jacket. This is not necessary here because the core is not made of lead.

Fig. 2 shows a comparable projectile 1 with a smaller, but according to the invention sufficient cavity 5. Notwithstanding Fig. 1 Here, the core 3 in the cylindrical rear part 7 of the projectile 1 a querschnittreduzierten section 32, such that in this section of the press-in resistance at the entrance of the fired projectiles is reduced in not shown the run. For this purpose, a gap 33 between shell 2 and core 3 remains in this section 32.

In order to further facilitate press-fitting, the cross-section reduced portion 32 of the core 3 is tapered in a frustoconical manner towards the front. In this case, the section 32 or gap 33 extends over the transition area between the cylindrical rear part and the ogive 6.

In the embodiment, the length of the Querschnittsschnedtreduzierten section 32 is about 30% of the length of the cylindrical part.

Claims (15)

Projectile for practice cartridges, in particular in the caliber 9 mm, with a jacket (2) consisting in particular of Tombak and with a core (3) made of soft iron or low-alloyed or unalloyed steel arranged therein,
characterized,
in that a cavity (5) is provided in the forwardly tapering tip region of the projectile (1) within the jacket (2) between its front end (8) and the core (3). Projectile according to Claim 1, characterized in that the height (H) of the cavity (5) provided as a crumple zone within the ogive (6) of the projectile (1) is at least 50%, preferably between 55 and 70% of the caliber of the projectile , Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core (3) and the cavity (5) are dimensioned such that on the one hand the cavity is sufficiently large, so that a sufficient deformation behavior can be achieved upon impact with a sufficient resistance target and On the other hand, the cavity is not too large, so that sufficient bullet mass to carry out the weapons functions remains in fully or semi-automatic weapons. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core (3) has a substantially flat end face (31) facing forward and perpendicular to the projectile longitudinal axis (11) is aligned. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the end face (31) of the core (3) A _{end face, core} corresponds to the _caliber surface A _{caliber of} the following condition $$0.20\le \frac{A_{\mathit{face}.\mathit{core}}}{A_{\mathit{caliber}}}\le 0.95.\mathrm{preferably}0.25\le \frac{A_{\mathit{face}.\mathit{core}}}{A_{\mathit{caliber}}}\le 0.7$$

Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket (2) is designed as a solid shell. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the jacket (2) has the shape "Ogival". Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length L of the ogive 6 of the projectile 1, slightly more than 50%, in particular between 55 and 65%, of the total length of the projectile occupies. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projectile in caliber 9 mm has a weight of 5-7 grams, preferably 6-7 grams. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core (3) in the cylindrical rear part of the projectile has a reduced cross-section (32), such that in this section the insertion resistance is reduced when the fired projectile enters the barrel. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of this section (32) a gap (33) between shell and core remains, Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the section (32) reduced in cross section is tapered frustoconically towards the front. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the section (32) extends over the transition area between the cylindrical rear part and the upper part. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-section reduced portion (32) has a length of 15-40%, preferably 25-35% of the length of the cylindrical part. Projectile according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is an ogival projectile with an arcuate profile.

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