EP2227605B1 - Method for the production of a longitudinal connection for wooden components and corresponding wooden component - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a longitudinal connection for timber components and a corresponding wooden component according to the preamble of claim 1 and 6, respectively.

The use of the solution according to the invention is particularly conceivable for a glued wood-timber longitudinal joint for Parallelgurtträger, Pult roof rack, gable roof girder with straight or curved bottom, Fischbauchträger, truss girders or curved glulam beams.

Starting from the technical as well as logistical problem that in the structural timber glue construction wide stretched roof structures with continuous glulam beams up to 65 m length are possible, nevertheless the length of the individual components depends on the mechanical and spatial possibilities of the respective manufacturers.

The majority of glulam manufacturers for special components have production possibilities from 24 m to max. 35 m in length. The investment for longer production facilities and the necessary buildings is usually uneconomical and not feasible.

In contrast to steel construction, the prior art longitudinal joints in timber construction are complex and usually uneconomical, since significant structural restrictions must be taken into account in the static calculation. This leads to significantly higher costs and corresponding competitive disadvantages.

It is known for the execution of longitudinal joints, inter alia, glued laminated timber, a number of connection systems, for example, with usual in wood slotted sheets and pin-shaped metallic connecting means. In the meantime, a number of technically demanding fasteners has become known, which are adapted to the dimension of the timber components and sunk in slots, holes or milled or glued.

Bonding of the load-bearing timber components is e.g. either by the Schäftung or by a Universal wedge tine connection possible. Corresponding calculations and design of timber structures can be found in DIN standard 1052, para. 14. Countless property rights deal with such problems.

In the DE 25 43 085 C2 is a U-shaped steel part in the form of a bow with webs and legs of a checkerboard offset from each other in the grooves of a Holzbauträgers let in, so that the protruding from the abutting surface angled webs are pushed together.

Furthermore, in the pre-publication DD 240 227 A1 , which shows a wooden roof rack with universal wedge connection, described that steel or glass materials can be used for the partial reinforcement of glued laminated timber. It discloses a method and a carrying the Holzbanteil having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and 6 respectively.

Insofar is also on the utility model DE 201 05 223 U1 referenced, which describes a butt joint of frame parts, in which contact surfaces of two wooden components are joined together. In this case, the butt joint should be secured by at least one elongate second connecting means in the form of a plate-shaped reinforcing body. For this purpose, a plate-shaped reinforcing body is glued into a built-in groove in the board layer cross section in the area of the relevant finger joint.

The execution of longitudinal joints with slotted sheets is associated with a lot of effort and therefore usually uneconomical. Apart from higher deformations and drying cracks, the efficiency, based on the load, is only about 50-60% of the unattenuated wood cross-section. Furthermore, additional wood covers or fire protection coatings are required for fire protection requirements.

In the case of universal wedge tines according to DIN EN 387: 2002-04, the cross-sectional weakenings at the tine base must be taken into account when dimensioning according to DIN 1052: 2004-08. These may be assumed to be 20% of the gross cross-sectional values without detailed proof, which means that the purely area-related efficiency does not exceed 80% of the gross cross-section. Furthermore, due to the influence of branches in the universal wedge tine compound, the next lower strength class is to be used in the design, which is accompanied by a further reduction of the efficiency of 12% to 14%.

In the case of a sheath connection according to DIN 1052 (2004-08), a gluing area of at most 1/10 must be adhered to. This results in a shank length of 20 m for a 2 m high load-bearing timber component or a shank length of 2.4 m for a 24 cm wide supporting timber component. A schäftungs connection is therefore largely uneconomical and technically difficult to realize in many cases.

Finally, a wood connection is also from the US 3,094,747 A known.

According to this prior publication, two wooden parts to be joined are provided on their end face facing each other with a smooth end face, on which the two wooden beams are connected to each other fitting. In order to realize a connection with the highest possible strength, a convexly extending over both end portions recess is on two opposite sides, ie once in the bending tension zone and once opposite in the bending pressure zone incorporated from the outside. In this in the side view convex in the wood material incorporated recess is from both opposite sides of each a correspondingly convex shaped fitting inserted, wherein the fitting piece can be pressed by using convex punches in the convex recesses and glued or glued in there, or it fits pieces are used, which are correspondingly convex preformed. The projecting portions of material can then be processed on the two opposite outer sides of the interconnected wooden beams plane-parallel to the adjacent boundary wall of the connected timber beams.

The fittings to be incorporated may be made of any suitable material, such as plastic, metal, laminate, fiberglass or other material. The fittings can also consist of lumber or plywood.

However, it has been found that even with such a compound no efficiencies can be achieved that go well beyond those of a universal wedge tine compound.

The object of the invention is therefore to avoid or substantially reduce the aforementioned disadvantages and to provide a contrast improved method for producing a longitudinal connection for supporting and / or supporting timber components and a corresponding timber component itself, which compared to the prior art significantly increased Has carrying capacities.

The object is achieved with respect to the method according to the claim 1 and with respect to the supporting wood component according to the features specified in claim 6. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the subclaims.

It must be said to be extremely surprising that in the present invention, the efficiency of a butt joint even in the range of 90% to 100% compared to the load of an unattenuated wood cross-section can be, with higher deformations are avoided based on a Verbindungsmittelsschlupf.

For bonded glulam beams, it will usually be sufficient to provide the appropriate shackling connection only in the flexure zone, typically at the bottom of the beam. If a bending stress on the Carrier top is present, the mentioned fitting piece can also be glued to the top of the connected timber developer. In an alternating bending stress and the two-sided arrangement of a fitting piece may be required. But above all, even if the associated wood components are used as supports, it may be appropriate to provide an all-round arrangement of the fittings depending on the position of the component. This is especially recommended if the supports can be exposed to a wide variety of bending stresses, ie bending stress in different directions or alternately such different bending stresses occur.

The outer sides of the wooden components to be joined in the bending tension zone (when using a more horizontally oriented carrier, ie the lower side of the wooden components) have an inclination in the region of the mentioned recess, which as a rule has a value of up to a maximum of 1/10. Particularly high load and load forces are absorbed when the inclination of the Schäftung above all has a value up to 1/10 or less. In accordance with the DIN standard DIN 1052, section 14.6, shank joints form fiber-parallel joints in components made of wood with adhesion surface slopes of at most 1/10. However, within the scope of the invention, it is quite possible to choose the value of the shank greater than that specified Value of 1/10, for example up to 1/8, 1/6 or even 1/5 and more. The decisive factor is that the stock should have the smallest possible value, starting from the end of the stocking (ie away from the joint between the two pieces of wood to be joined). In other words, from Expiring the fitting piece starting over a sufficient length of the fitting piece the Schäftung have the least possible slope.

The geometry of the prefabricated fitting here is preferably at least 1/6 of the height (or thickness) of the timber component and half the length of the base of the fitting is 10 times the fitting height. The fitting itself may have different basic shapes. It can be designed symmetrically in side view but also designed asymmetrically. It can be designed at least approximately triangular or rather trapezoidal in side view. Especially in the transition region, ie at the joint area of the two wooden components to be joined at the front side, the upper side of the fitting piece does not have to be tapered, but can also be rounded here, parallel to the underside etc. or even flattened obliquely to the lower edge.

In the context of the invention has proved to be particularly favorable to equip the fitting on its outer side (usually in the form of the underside receiving the maximum bending tensile forces) with a high-strength premium blade preferably in the form of a high-strength premium board lamella. Also, the glulam beams can be glued to increase the loads to be included also on their Biegezug outside with high-strength premium board slats. If required, several Premiumbrettlamellen can be interconnected and connected to the glulam beams. The use of a Premiumbrettlamelle leads in the area of the joint of the wooden components to be joined to a higher strength, which applies to both a bending and a tensile or compressive load. On In any case, this can achieve a strength that is at least equal to, and in some cases even higher than, the strength of the unbudded base material.

Finally, to provide additional reinforcement on the entire outside of the flexure zone, an additional reinforcement layer e.g. be glued, which may for example consist of the materials used for the Premiumbrettlamellen.

By making use of the solution according to the invention, it is possible to transport the load-bearing timber components as short wooden building supports and to assemble or glue in place on the site, e.g. in compliance with all regulations according to DIN EN 14080 or DIN EN 387 (from 2002). This leads to a significant reduction in transport costs and thus to a significant increase in the economic efficiency of widely stretched wooden components. The additional work for setting, processing and bonding the butt bonding is subordinated in comparison to this.

The production of endless load-bearing and / or supporting timber components as binders is thus possible in particular also for manufacturers who do not have larger production facilities.

This bonded length connection can be realized without diminishing the strength as well as the aesthetics in comparison to unattenuated, unbudded wooden components.

The invention provides a unique invention in wood construction designed to absorb tensile forces in the impact area that has strengths above the strength of the base material. This unique compound is based on the use and local application of wood materials and forms in the critical range proposed by the invention, resulting in a very high strength and a stiffness comparable to the base material.

This represents a fundamentally new development compared to the previous solutions. So far, in strength increases of terminals have always been used materials with very high strength (steel, 10 aramid fiber, carbon fiber ...), but which have much higher modulus of elasticity than the base material wood. The very high stiffness differences between the joining material and the base material cause stress concentrations and peaks. The increase regardless of the very high impact reinforcements leads to premature breakage or delamination of the butt joint.

Normally, the strength is severely reduced by branches and defects. Ultimately, the defects determine the strength classes. By using a virtually defect-free wood material in the joint area, it is reinforced in the reduced area so that the disturbance / reduction of the gross cross section in the interior of the cross-sectional area of about two thirds of the section height no longer plays any role.

Figur 1 :

eine Längsschnittdarstellung bzw. Seitendarstellung des Längsstoßes eines Parallelgurtträgers mit eingefügtem Passstück;

Figur 2:

eine räumliche Darstellung des Ausführungsbeispieles nach Figur 1 vor dem Zusammenfügen der einzelnen Teile;

Figur 3:

eine zu Figur 1 abgewandelte Darstellung eines Längsstoßes eines Bogenbinders;

Figur 4:

eine schematische Seitendarstellung eines Längsstoßes eines Fischbauchbinders;

Figur 5:

eine zu Figur 1 abgewandelte Seiten- oder Längsdarstellung mit oben liegender Abrundung am eingefügten Passstück;

Figur 6:

eine zu Figur 5 abgewandelte Darstellung mit oben liegendem flachen Plateau;

Figur 7:

eine zu Figur 6 nochmals abgewandelte Darstellung, bei der das oben liegende flache Plateau über Abrundungen in die Schäftungs-Verbindung übergeht;

Figur 8:

eine schematische Längsseiten- oder Längsquerschnittsdarstellung eines nochmals abgewandelten Ausführungsbeispiels unter Verwendung von Premiumbrettlamellen sowie unter Verwendung einer weiteren lamellenförmigen Verstärkung;

Figur 9:

eine räumliche Darstellung einer einzelnen fehlerfreien Brettlamelle;

Figur 10:

eine räumliche Darstellung einer Hybridlamelle bestehend aus vier nebeneinander sitzenden Einzellamellen;

Figur 11:

eine räumliche Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Herstellung einer Premiumbrettlamelle mittels Trennschnitten;

Figur 12:

eine weitere räumliche Darstellung zur Erläuterung der Herstellung einer Premiumbrettlamelle, die aus mehreren einzelnen balkenförmigen Lamellenabschnitten verklebt wird;

Figur 13:

eine auszugsweise räumliche Darstellung eines Passstückes mit auf der Unter- oder Außenseite aufgeklebter (ebenfalls nur teilweise gezeigter) Hybridlamelle, bestehend aus vier Einzellamellen;

Figur 14:

eine schematische auszugsweise Darstellung in Längs- oder Seitendarstellung unter Erläuterung der Herstellung eines besonders optimalen Übergangs- oder Auslaufbereiches zwischen Passstück und Brettschichtholzträger;

Figur 15:

eine in schematischer Längsschnitt- oder Seitendarstellung wiedergegebenes abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel unter Verwendung eines Druckklotzes auf der Biegedruckseite der Holzverbindung;

Figur 16:

eine Querschnittsdarstellung quer zur Längsrichtung zweier verbundener Brettschichtholz-Träger, bei welchen an zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten Ausnehmungen eingearbeitet und dort jeweils ein Passstück eingeklebt ist; und

Figur 17:

ein abgewandeltes Ausführungsbeispiel gegenüber Figur 16, bei welchem an allen vier Außenseiten im Stoßbereich der zu verbindenden Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 ein Passstück 5 vorgesehen bzw. eingeklebt ist.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. Here are shown schematically in detail:

FIG. 1:

a longitudinal sectional view or side view of the longitudinal joint of a Parallelgurtträgers with inserted fitting;

FIG. 2:

a spatial representation of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 before joining the individual parts;

FIG. 3:

one too FIG. 1 modified representation of a longitudinal joint of a sheet binder;

FIG. 4:

a schematic side view of a longitudinal joint of a fish belly binder;

FIG. 5:

one too FIG. 1 modified side or longitudinal representation with overhead rounding on the inserted fitting;

FIG. 6:

one too FIG. 5 modified representation with top flat plateau;

FIG. 7:

one too FIG. 6 again modified representation in which the upper flat plateau passes over rounding in the Schäftungs connection;

FIG. 8:

a schematic longitudinal side or longitudinal cross-sectional view of a further modified embodiment using Premiumbrettlamellen and using a further lamellar reinforcement;

FIG. 9:

a spatial representation of a single faultless board lamella;

FIG. 10:

a spatial representation of a hybrid lamella consisting of four juxtaposed individual lamellae;

FIG. 11:

a spatial representation to illustrate the preparation of a Premiumbrettlamelle by means of separating cuts;

FIG. 12:

a further spatial representation to illustrate the preparation of a premium board slat, which is glued from a plurality of individual bar-shaped fin sections;

FIG. 13:

a partial spatial representation of a fitting piece with glued on the bottom or outside (also only partially shown) hybrid blade, consisting of four individual lamellae;

FIG. 14:

a schematic excerpt representation in longitudinal or side view, explaining the preparation of a particularly optimal transitional or outlet area between fitting piece and glulam beams;

FIG. 15:

a reproduced in a schematic longitudinal section or page representation modified embodiment using a pressure pad on the bending pressure side of the wood connection;

FIG. 16:

a cross-sectional view transverse to the longitudinal direction of two connected glulam beams, in which recesses incorporated on two opposite sides and there is glued in each case a fitting piece; and

FIG. 17:

a modified embodiment opposite FIG. 16 in which a fitting 5 is provided or glued on all four outer sides in the joint area of the glulam beams 1, 2 to be joined.

Reference to an embodiment, the invention is explained below, wherein in FIG. 1 a glued longitudinal joint is shown as a longitudinal joint of glued laminated timber with an in the Biegezugzone angeschaltet fitting in the side view (ie with lying in the vertical direction bending tension zone).

According to the embodiment of the Figures 1 and 2 Glulam beams 1 and 2 are cut to size according to the figures and milled into the ends 3 and 4 of the load-bearing wooden components finger joint profiles 8 as a universal spline connection. These finger joint profiles 8 are coated with glue or glue and the ends 3 and 4 of the two glulam beams 1 and 2 are pressed under longitudinal pressure according to the arrows L1 and L2.

Based on FIG. 2 are in schematic extracts spatial representation of the ends to be joined 3, 4 of the two glulam beams 1, 2 with the already incorporated recesses A1 and A2 and the underside and there finally inserted fitting piece 5 schematically indicated. It can also be seen that the rib-shaped finger joints preferably extend in the vertical direction H, ie transversely to the outer or underside, on which the recesses A1 and A2 incorporated and the mentioned fitting piece is inserted there.

According to the basis of Figures 1 and 2 In a basic variant, the structure is such that in the region of the ends 3, 4 of the glulam beams 1, 2 to be joined together there is a separate recess A1 or A2 starting from the lower edge 9 (ie the outer or lower side 9) of the Brettschicht-wood part 1 and starting from the lower edge 10 (ie, the outer or lower side 10) of the glulam beam 2 is to be incorporated, with the formation of obliquely tapered undersides 6 and 7. The obliquely tapered undersides 6 and 7 of the glued laminated timber Carrier 1 and 2 are to produce a smooth milling without milled finger joint profile 8 and result in the assembled state, a common recess A, which has the shape of an isosceles triangle in the illustrated embodiment. This common recess A is formed from the two above-mentioned separate recesses, which were incorporated in the two end regions of the two glulam beams 1, 2. This isosceles triangle with the sides 6 and 7, a separately prefabricated fitting 5 is adjusted and adhered under transverse pressure Q to the undersides 6 and 7 of the glulam beams 1 and 2. The Geometry of the fitting 5 is determined based on the support height H of the unattenuated timber component of the glulam beams 1 and 2. The leg height h of the fitting 5 is ≥ H / 6. As a rule, the cutting angle has an inclination of up to 1/10 in accordance with the specifications of DIN 1052 (from 2004) for sheath connections. The inclination is thus the angle of the leg height h of the fitting 5 (based on its underlying base in FIG. 1 and the associated length of the fitting piece from the region of the joint 8 and the outlet end E1 or E2). As shown in the embodiment shown FIG. 1 the fitting is symmetrical to a vertical mid-plane of symmetry, the incline angle α = h / half length of the fitting 5. If necessary, but the inclination can also be carried out partly steeper, so take values of up to 1/8, 1/6 or for example 1/5. As a rule, however, the angle of inclination α of the shank will assume a value which is a maximum of 1/10 and may even be smaller if necessary, so that the inclination, as far as the structural analysis allows, is reduced even further. Thus, in the highly stressed Biegezugzone the jounced glulam beams 1 and 2, a powerful element is arranged as a fitting 5 in the form of a triangle. In this case, the fitting 5 is glued in the form of a Schäftungs connection in the embodiment shown in the manner of an isosceles triangle in the recess A. According to DIN 1052 (from August 2004), a shingling connection is understood to mean fiber-parallel impacts in components made of wood with adhesive surface inclinations of at most 1/10. For the purposes of the present application, however, adhesive bond slopes of more than 1/10 are also understood here by the term "bonding". The arranged in the pressure zone and in the middle cross-sectional area Universal wedge tine compound 8 is primarily stressed on pressure and thrust and therefore does not result in any appreciable reduction in the strength of the connection, although tensile forces acting on the remaining portion of the universal wedge tine connection continue to be effective in the tension zone.

Through the combination of Universal wedge tine compound 8 and Schäftungs connection on the bottom 6 and 7 of the longitudinal joint described here achieves the strength of undisturbed wood cross-section. This wood / timber longitudinal joint can be executed or repeated for any number of glulam beams 1 and 2 and thus enables the production of load-bearing timber components of any length.

Thus, in each case at least on one outer side 6, 7 of the glulam beams 1, 2 introduce a recess and this recess is to be filled with a measure corresponding prefabricated fitting 5 so that its base flush with the lower edge 9, 10 of the glulam beams. 1 , 2 is.

With appropriate technical equipment in compliance with all regulations according to DIN 1052 (2004), DIN EN 14080, DIN EN 386 and 387 (2002) a cost-effective bonding is also possible on construction sites. As a result, enormous savings in transport costs on construction sites abroad can be achieved.

The precise machining of glulam beams 1 and 2 is carried out by CNC processing machines.

A corresponding representation of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is in FIG. 2 Spatially reproduced, with the two not yet assembled timber components 1 and 2 and the spatially separated reproduced representation of the fitting piece to be inserted 5. Usually, the wooden components to be joined 1 and 2 are processed before joining so that they with the recess A1 and A2. In a subsequent second or in a common step, the fitting piece 5 is then connected to the two wooden components.

It can also be seen from the drawings that the transverse extent QE perpendicular to the longitudinal extent L and perpendicular to the height H of the glulam beams 1, 2 to be joined corresponds to the corresponding dimension in the transverse extension direction with respect to the fitting piece 5 to be inserted, ie the fitting piece 5 in the embodiment shown extends over the entire width or thickness of the glulam beams 1, 2 to be joined. As mentioned, the fiber directions F are aligned at least approximately in the longitudinal direction L, both in the glulam beams 1, 2 to be joined and in the fitting piece to be inserted. preferably oriented in this direction.

Based on FIGS. 3 and 4 are two compared to the embodiment according to FIG. 1 modified embodiments shown, wherein the procedure of producing the longitudinal connection of the supporting components analogous to FIG. 1 he follows.

Here, the fitting piece 5 is formed as an arch triangle and thus decreases FIG. 3 for making a bow binder a concave shape or after FIG. 4 for producing a Fischbauchbinders a convex shape to this concave or convex fitting fitting 5 respectively at the bottom 6, 7 of the glulam beams 1, 2 use.

If the height of the prefabricated fitting is less than 1/6, reductions in the static calculation shall be taken into account.

In the following, further embodiments are discussed within the scope of the invention.

In the following figures are schematic side and longitudinal sectional views similar to FIG. 1 However, in deviation from FIG. 1 with respect to the common recess A and / or the fitting piece 5 used here differ.

Based on FIGS. 1 and 2 It has been explained that the fitting 5 in its triangular shape in its transition region 25 (ie, where the two to be joined glulam beams 1 and 2 are frontally joined together) terminates with a total of a triangular shape resulting peak 105 a. Based on FIG. 5 is shown in deviation to that this transition region 25 may be formed on the fitting piece 5 opposite to its outer or lower side 5a rounded, so with a rounding 105b. In FIG. 6 is shown that the top-expiring region of the fitting piece 5 may be formed with a flat surface 105c, for example, parallel or obliquely to the lower edge or bottom 9 or 10 of the two glulam beams 1, 2 can run. The flattening 105c may also be non-edged in the transition region to the shingles 24, but may also be rounded (rounds 105d), as in FIG FIG. 7 is shown.

From the previous embodiments, it can also be seen that the fitting is formed so that it from a maximum elevation usually in the transition region 25, starting at its each to the ends 3, 4 of the bonded glulam beams 1, 2 remote outlet - And transition region according to the Schiltungs-inclination (Shaft angle α) thinner and decreases in height. The fitting 5 need not have a single highest point 105a or 105b, but may be in a central region, for example, 10% to 60% of the total length of the fitting piece or less, for example 20% to 30% of the total length of the fitting piece 5 have more or less the same elevation, only as late as possible to the outlet and transition area with a tendency tendency of a maximum of 1/10 or preferably even less leak to here an optimal Schäftungs connection to the adjacent glulam beam. 1 To make 2.

The fitting 5 is thus in the recess A with the outer or lower sides 6, 7 of the at least two glued laminated beams 1, 2 by means of a Schäftungs connection 6 ', 7' so glued, that the Schäftungs connection 6 ', 7 'between the fitting 5 and the respective glulam beams 1, 2, starting from the outlet and transition region E1, E2 of the fitting 5 in the direction of the end 3, 4 of the associated glulam beam 1, 2 at least in a partial length of the fitting with a Schiltungs tilt, which has a value preferably up to a maximum of 1/10, increases.

The previous embodiments have been shown in each case for the case that the fitting piece is designed to be symmetrical to a perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the bonded glulam beams 1, 2. However, the corresponding common recess A and the fitting piece 5 may also be formed asymmetrically, so must be different in side presentation FIGS. 1 and 3 to 5 should not be designed symmetrically when viewed from the side.

In addition, the adhesive surfaces 6 'and 7' between the fitting 5 and the components 1, 2 may also be provided with a suitable profiling, so that no loss or stress concentration in the adhesive surface is formed.

Within the scope of the invention, however, an even further increase in the strength of the wood connection can be realized. Examples will be discussed below.

For this purpose, the fitting piece 5 is provided in the lower cross-sectional area to the outer or lower edge 5b corresponding to the outer or underside of the wooden components 1.2 with a high-strength Premiumlamelle 23 (s. FIG. 8 ), in particular in the form of a Premiumbrettlamelle 23. The glulam beams 1, 2 also preferably have in the lower cross-sectional area high-strength Premiumlamellen 21, 22, also preferably in the form of high-strength Premiumbrettlamellen 21, 22, so that the transition between the glulam beams 1 , 2 and the fitting piece 5 trouble-free is glued. If required, several premium board slats 21 to 23 are to be arranged in the lower cross-sectional area, which can be recommended in particular to achieve high carrier cross-sections.

The entire fitting piece can be made of coniferous or hardwood, a wood material or otherwise suitable for the application material, so that a defect-free bonding is possible. The fitting can also be installed from a suitable material in solid or liquid form with the help of a shuttering. In addition, lateral reinforcements 29 may be provided, which in the schematic side view in FIG. 8 dash-dotted lines are indicated. These lateral reinforcements or reinforcing plates 29 may be made of laminated veneer lumber, plywood or other suitable material.

The premium blade may preferably have a thickness (height) of from 30 mm to 60 mm, in particular from 40 mm to 45 mm. If the carriers 1, 2 are curved, then depending on the radius of curvature, the lamellae can be made significantly thinner. For example, the premium fin and / or a reinforcing fin discussed below may have a thickness of only up to 6 mm.

On the other hand, the thickness of the premium and / or the subsequently discussed reinforcing blade 28 may also have a thickness which is between 1/6 to 1/4 or 1/3, ± 30%. In other words, the thickness could also be between 1/8 to 1/2, in each case based on the height H of the fitting piece. 5

Further, an additional reinforcing blade 28 at the Be provided outside or underside of the wood connection. In the embodiment according to FIG. 8 is in addition to the already mentioned Premiumbrettlamelle 23, a further reinforcing blade 28 is provided, both the outer or lower side 21a and 22a of the two Premiumbrettlamellen 21 and 22 (respectively on the underside of the two timber components 1 and 2) and the Premiumbrettlamelle 23 in the area of the fitting piece 5 together covered. In other words, this reinforcing blade 28 may be provided, depending on whether or not the mentioned premium board lamellae 21, 22 or 23 are provided on the wooden components 1 and 2 or on the fitting piece 5.

This mentioned additional reinforcing lamella 28 can be glued in particular at the transition region from the fitting piece 5 to the relevant glulam beams 1, 2 or preferably over the entire beam length. Also, this reinforcing blade 28 may consist of the same materials from which the premium board blades 21 to 23 are formed, which will be discussed below.

The Premiumbrettlamelle can consist of a defect-free or defect-free lamella with Punktästen to preferably 5mm diameter, as shown schematically in FIG. 9 is shown. The Premiumbrettlamellen can also be glued from several rods lying parallel to a hybrid board slat, as shown schematically in FIG. 10 is reproduced. The production of these glued board slats can firstly by separating a previously glued block ( FIG. 11 ) or the gluing together of individual squared timbers 280 ( FIG. 12 ). The hybrid board blade ( FIG. 10 ) is made of perfect softwood, for example, silver fir or spruce or hardwood manufacture. It must be ensured that the production-related finger jointing is sufficiently offset. Furthermore, hardwood or suitable wood materials such as veneer plywood can also be used for the premium lamella. The consisting of several individual slats hybrid blade according to FIG. 10 is in connected condition with the fitting 5 in FIG. 13 shown spatially, with a part of the front fitting piece and consisting of several individual slats hybrid lamella omitted to illustrate the apparent there cutting plane P and the extended Schäftungs connection 5 'only with respect to the other lines are indicated to the right continuously. In the FIG. 13 spatially apparent cutting plane P is in FIG. 8 also marked.

The mentioned preminium lamella or the premium board lamella as well as the additional reinforcing lamella 28 is preferably made if it is made of wood, that the fibers in these lamellae preferably in the longitudinal direction L of the wooden components to be joined, at least approximately or at least with a larger component in Longitudinal - are aligned in the transverse direction.

Subsequently, the preparation of an improved transition between the fitting piece and the glulam beams is discussed, which is hereinafter also referred to as expiring Schaftungsbereich, which is so far away to the respective support ends 3 and 4 respectively.

The Schürzenungs-Auslaufbereich E1, E2, so the transition between the fitting piece 5 and the glulam beams 1, 2 is preferably carried out as a surface bonding. The Bonding can be applied with a defined pressing pressure in the form of a transverse pressure Q. But it is also possible a non-pressurized connection. The bond can also be carried out as Schraubenpressklebung. In addition, the bond can be reinforced with the use of suitable screws. It can be used as an adhesive with gap-filling property either polycondensation adhesives (phenol-resorcin-formaldehyde, resorcinol-formaldehyde) or polyaddition adhesives (epoxy, polyurethane, methacrylate) use.

In order to achieve trouble-free bonding between the glulam beams 1, 2 and the fitting 5 in the outlet and / or transitional area E1 or E2, an allowance 26 (ie preferably a lamellar auxiliary layer, preferably also in wood) is preferred glued on the relevant processing side of the glulam beams 1 and 2 and the outer or bottom 5a of the fitting 5, this allowance 26 or this allowance layer 26, the immediate Schaftungs-outlet end E1, E2 covers ( FIG. 14 ). This allowance 26 may consist of softwood, hardwood or a wood material, and is in a length Lü on the respective outer side 9, 10 stick. After bonding has taken place, the allowance must be removed by planing, sawing or milling to the lower edge of the support.

The use of Zulagesnchicht 26 for producing a particularly optimal connection between fitting 5 and the glulam beams 1 and 2 in the lower outlet and / or transition region E1 and E2 also applies to the case that on the bottom 5a of the fitting 5 and / or at the bottom 9 and 10 of the glulam beams the mentioned Premiumbrettlamelle 23 or 21 was adhered. Because even at the transition of Premiumbrettlamellen the best possible full-surface connection should be made at the outlet end formed there between fitting and wood components, since the largest bending tensile occur.

The illustrated embodiments have been explained for the case that in the glulam beams to be joined above the fitting piece 5, the respective support ends 3, 4 are joined together by means of a universal finger joint connection 8. However, if negative bending stress is to be excluded, the longitudinal joint can deviate from the previously described embodiments, ie deviating from the bending tensile range, in the bending pressure range. The previous description provides for bending stress in the upper region of the cross section before a universal wedge tine compound. The transition between the glulam beams 1, 2 may be excluded in the upper half of the support height of the carrier top to zero fiber, so that a positive pressure block 27 can be used by means of screwing and shrinkage filling compound or mortar, as shown in a schematic longitudinal section in FIG FIG. 15 is shown. The pressure block is to be selected from a suitable pressure-resistant material and can be screwed in or poured in liquid form with the help of a casing.

Based on FIG. 16 is a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L of the bonded glulam beams 1, 2 shown, once below a corresponding cross section through the fitting 5 is indicated. This embodiment relates to a case in which due to changing bending tension loads a corresponding construction is not only provided on the lower outside of the glulam beams, but corresponding recesses also on the opposite, in FIG. 16 overhead page. In other words, a corresponding connection or fitting of a further fitting piece on the overhead outer side of the glulam beams 1, 2 is provided in addition, so that such a construction is especially suitable if the wooden components so connected, for example, serves as a vertically oriented support, the experiences on both opposite sides of an alternating Biegezug- and bending pressure load.

In the corresponding cross-sectional view according to FIG. 17 is only that case additionally shown that two glulam beams 1, 2 are connected to each other at their ends 3, 4 in the longitudinal direction L, in this embodiment, on each of the four outer sides a corresponding recess, as explained with reference to the other embodiments introduced is and glued or cured with the appropriate angle angle a fitting piece. In this case, the fitting pieces have to be tapered at their more triangular or trapezoidal side areas to the center of the wood connection here, since in a square or rectangular cross section of the glulam beams 1, 2 to be joined each fitting at its side boundary 5c with the corresponding side a next turned by 90 ° fitting piece passes into connection and also preferably here is glued to this side surface of the adjacent next fitting piece.

• dass das aus Holz bestehende Passstück 5 in der Aussparung mit den Unterseiten 6, 7 der zumindest zwei zu verbindenden Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 mittels einer Schäftungs-Verbindung verklebt ist, die vorzugsweise einen Neigungswert bis zu maximal 1/5, vorzugsweise bis zu maximal 1/6, 1/8 oder vorzugsweise bis maximal 1/10 aufweist;
• dass die gemeinsame Aussparung A mit einem Passstück 5 vorzugsweise aus Holz kraftschlüssig eingeklebt oder unter Verwendung eines fließfähigen und/oder formbaren Materials, gegebenenfalls unter Verwendung einer Verschalung in die Aussparung A unter Bildung und/oder Aushärtung des Passstückes 5 eingeführt wird;
• dass ein vorgefertigtes Passstück 5 verwendet wird, dessen Höhe mindestens 1/6 der Höhe der Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 beträgt;
• dass nach dem Verbinden der Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 die dabei entstandene Aussparung A mit einem Passstück 5 so aufgefüllt wird, dass die Basis des Passstücks 5 mit der Unterseite 9, 10 der Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 bündig abschließt;
• dass die in den zu verbindenden Enden 3, 4 der zu verbindenden Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 einzubringenden Aussparungen a1, A2 so geformt werden, dass sich bei Zusammenfügung der Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 als gemeinsame Ausnehmung A zumindest näherungsweise ein Dreieck oder Trapez ergibt, und zwar vorzugsweise in einer zur Längsrichtung der zu verbindenden Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 quer ausgerichteten Symmetrieebene;
• dass die Premiumbrettlamelle 23 auf der Unter- oder Außenseite 5a des Passstückes 5 mit der angrenzenden Premiumlamelle 21, 23, die auf der Außen- oder Unterseite 9, 10 des angrenzenden Brettschichtholz-Trägers 1, 2 angeklebt ist, mittels einer Schäftungs-Verbindung vorzugsweise mit einer Neigung von bis zu maximal 1/10 verbunden ist;
• dass vorzugsweise auf der Unterseite 5a des Passstückes 5 und den Unterseiten 9, 10 der Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 oder den damit fest verbundenen und verklebten Premiumbrettlamellen 23, 21, 22 eine Verstärkungslamelle 28 befestigt, vorzugsweise aufgeklebt ist;
• dass eine Premiumlamelle 23, 21, 22 und/oder eine Verstärkungslamelle 28 verwendet wird, die bei in Seitenansicht gekrümmten Brettschichtholz-Trägern 1, 2 eine Dicke bis zu 6 mm und bei in Seitenansicht gerade verlaufenden Brettschichtholz-Trägern 1, 2 eine Dicke von vorzugsweise 30 mm bis 60 mm, insbesondere von 40 mm bis 45 mm aufweisen;
• dass eine Premiumlamelle 23, 21, 22 und/oder eine Verstärkungslamelle 28 verwendet wird, deren Dicke vorzugsweise 1/8 bis 1/2, vorzugsweise 1/6 bis 1/3 der Höhe des Passstückes entspricht;
• dass auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite zum Passstück 5 ein formschlüssiger Druckklotz 5 bevorzugt oberhalb der neutralen Druck-/Zugzone zwischen den zu verbindenden Enden 3, 4 der Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 eingearbeitet, vorzugsweise eingesetzt, eingeschraubt, eingeklebt oder unter Zuhilfenahme einer Verschalung unter Verwendung von fließfähigen und/oder aushärtbaren Materialien eingegossen wird;
• dass ein Passstück 5 verwendet oder geformt wird, welches ein Dicken- oder Quermaß QE aufweist, welches dem Quer- oder Dickenmaß QE der zu verbindenden Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 entspricht. Das tragende Holzbauteil gemäß der Erfindung kann zudem eine Reihe weiterer Ausgestaltungen aufweisen, wie sie sich durch die nachfolgend wiedergegebenen Merkmale im Einzelnen oder in Kombination ergeben, nämlich:
• dass die beiden Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 an ihren Unterseiten 6, 7 im Bereich der gesamten Aussparung A mittels einer Schäftungs-Verbindung mit dem Passstück 5 verklebt sind;
• dass das Passstück 5 aus einem vorgefertigten Passstück 5 vorzugsweise aus Holz oder einem gegebenenfalls unter Zuhilfenahme einer Schalung unter Verwendung von verarbeitbarem und/oder fließfähigem und aushärtbarem Material hergestellten Passstück 5 besteht;
• dass die Basis des Passstücks 5 mit der Unterseite der Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 bündig abschließt;
• dass auf der Unter- oder Außenseite 5a, 9, 10 des Passstückes 5 bzw. der verbundenen Brettschichtholz-Träger 1, 2 oder an den dort zunächst angebrachten Premiumlamellen 23, 21, 22 eine zusätzliche Verstärkungslamelle 28 befestigt oder dort angeklebt ist, vorzugsweise in Form einer hochfesten Verstärkungslamelle 28;
• dass die Premiumbrettlamelle 23 an der Unter- und/oder Außenseite 5a des Passstückes 5 sowie die Premiumbrettlamellen 21, 22 an den Unter- und/oder Außenseiten 9, 10 mittels einer Schäftungs-Verbindung verbunden sind;
• dass die Premiumlamelle 23, 21, 22 und/oder die Verstärkungslamelle 28 in Seitenansicht bei gekrümmten Brettschichtholz-Trägern 1, 2 eine Dicke bis zu 6 mm und bei in Seitenansicht gerade verlaufenden Brettschichtholz-Trägern 1, 2 eine Dicke von vorzugsweise 30 mm bis 60 mm, insbesondere von 40 mm bis 45 mm aufweist;
• dass eine Premiumlamelle 23, 21, 22 und/oder eine Verstärkungslamelle 28 eine Dicke von 1/8 bis 1/2, vorzugsweise 1/6 bis 1/3 der Höhe des Passstückes 5 aufweist;
• dass das Passstück 5 und/oder die zumindest eine Premiumbrettlamelle 23, 21, 22 und/oder die Verstärkungslamelle 28 aus einem Holzwerkstoff, insbesondere aus vorzugsweise fehlerfreiem Nadelholz und Laubholz oder Hartholz oder Furnierschichtholz bestehen oder diese Materialen umfassen können.

In summary, it can be stated that the invention may be carried out by a number of advantageous embodiments, which are not part of the invention, such as, for example, hereinafter characterized in detail or in combination, namely

• that the fitting piece 5 made of wood is glued in the recess to the undersides 6, 7 of the at least two glulam beams 1, 2 to be joined by means of a sheath connection, which preferably has a pitch value of up to a maximum of 1/5, preferably up to a maximum 1/6, 1/8 or preferably up to a maximum of 1/10;
• that the common recess A is preferably frictionally glued with a fitting 5 made of wood or introduced using a flowable and / or moldable material, optionally using a casing in the recess A to form and / or curing of the fitting 5;
• that a prefabricated fitting piece 5 is used, whose height is at least 1/6 of the height of the glulam beams 1, 2;
• that after joining the glulam beams 1, 2, the resulting recess A is filled with a fitting 5 so that the base of the fitting 5 with the bottom 9, 10 of the glulam beams 1, 2 is flush;
• that to be introduced in the ends to be joined 3, 4 of the glulam beams 1, 2 to be joined Recesses a1, A2 are formed so that when joining the glulam beams 1, 2 as a common recess A at least approximately results in a triangle or trapezoid, preferably in a direction transverse to the longitudinal direction of the glulam beams 1, 2 transverse symmetry plane ;
• that the Premiumbrettlamelle 23 on the lower or outer side 5a of the fitting 5 with the adjacent Premiumlamelle 21, 23, which is glued on the outer or lower side 9, 10 of the adjacent glulam beam 1, 2, preferably by means of a Schäftungs-connection an inclination of up to a maximum of 1/10 is connected;
• that preferably on the underside 5 a of the fitting piece 5 and the lower sides 9, 10 of the glulam beams 1, 2 or the firmly bonded and bonded Premiumbrettlamellen 23, 21, 22, a reinforcing plate 28 is attached, preferably glued;
• in that a premium lamella 23, 21, 22 and / or a reinforcing lamella 28 is used which in the case of side view curved glulam beams 1, 2 has a thickness of up to 6 mm and in the case of side view straight glulam beams 1, 2 a thickness of preferably 30 mm to 60 mm, in particular from 40 mm to 45 mm;
• in that a premium lamella 23, 21, 22 and / or a reinforcing lamella 28 is used whose thickness is preferably 1/8 to 1/2, preferably 1/6 to 1/3 of the height of the fitting corresponds;
• that on the opposite side of the fitting piece 5 a positive pressure block 5 preferably above the neutral pressure / tension zone between the connected ends 3, 4 of the glulam beams 1, 2 incorporated, preferably inserted, screwed, glued or with the aid of a shuttering using is poured from flowable and / or curable materials;
• that a fitting piece 5 is used or formed, which has a thickness or transverse dimension QE, which corresponds to the transverse or thickness QE of the glulam beams 1, 2 to be joined. The load-bearing timber component according to the invention may also have a number of further configurations, as they result from the features reproduced below, in detail or in combination, namely:
• that the two glulam beams 1, 2 are glued to their undersides 6, 7 in the region of the entire recess A by means of a Schäftungs connection with the fitting piece 5;
• that the fitting piece 5 consists of a prefabricated fitting piece 5, preferably made of wood or an optionally made with the aid of a formwork using processable and / or flowable and curable material fitting 5;
• that the base of the fitting piece 5 is flush with the underside of the glulam beams 1, 2;
• that on the lower or outer side 5a, 9, 10 of the fitting piece 5 and the bonded glulam beams 1, 2 or to the premium lamellae 23, 21, 22 initially attached thereto, an additional reinforcement lamella 28 is fastened or adhesively bonded thereto, preferably in the form of a high-strength reinforcing lamella 28;
• that the Premiumbrettlamelle 23 on the lower and / or outer side 5a of the fitting 5 and the Premiumbrettlamellen 21, 22 are connected to the lower and / or outer sides 9, 10 by means of a Schäftungs connection;
• in that the premium lamella 23, 21, 22 and / or the reinforcing lamella 28 have a thickness of up to 6 mm in side view with curved glulam beams 1, 2 and preferably 30 mm to 60 in the case of glulam beams 1, 2 running straight in side view mm, in particular from 40 mm to 45 mm;
• that a premium blade 23, 21, 22 and / or a reinforcing blade 28 has a thickness of 1/8 to 1/2, preferably 1/6 to 1/3 of the height of the fitting 5;
• that the fitting 5 and / or the at least one Premiumbrettlamelle 23, 21, 22 and / or the reinforcing plate 28 made of a wood material, in particular from preferably flawless softwood and hardwood or hardwood or laminated veneer lumber or may include these materials.

Claims (15)

1. Method for the production of a longitudinal connection for wooden components, at least two glued-laminated girders (1, 2) being joined together by a universal dovetail joint (8), whereby the glued-laminated girders (1, 2) to be connected, each receive a separate recess (A1, A2) on at least one outer side or lower side (9, 10), and whereby after the at least two glued-laminated girders (1, 2) to be connected have been joined together, the common recess (A) formed from the two separate recesses (A1, A2) is filled positively with a fitting piece (5), characterised in that the fitting piece (5) is bonded in the recess (A) with the outer sides or lower sides (6, 7) of the at least two glued-laminated girders (1, 2) to be connected such that a scarf joint (5', 6') is formed with an angle of inclination (α) between the fitting piece (5) and the respective glued-laminated girder (1, 2) at least in a partial length of the fitting piece (5) starting from the merging and transition region (E1, E2) of the fitting piece (5) in the direction of the end (3, 4) of the associated glued-laminated girder (1, 2).
2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that a fitting piece (5) is used which, adapted to the lower side of the at least two glued-laminated girders (1, 2) to be connected, has a straight, concave or convex lower side (5) or has a lower side (5a) which includes straight, concave or convex portions.
3. Method according to either claims 1 or claim 2, characterised in that a premium lamella (23, 21, 22) preferably in the form of a premium board lamella (23, 21, 22) is firmly fitted and is preferably bonded to the lower sides or outer sides (5a) of the fitting piece (5) and/or to the lower sides or outer sides (9, 10) of the respective glued-laminated girder (1, 2), and in that the premium board lamella (23) is connected to the adjoining premium lamella (21, 23) bonded on the outer side or lower side (9, 10) of the adjoining glued-laminated girder (1, 2), on the lower side or outer side (5a) of the fitting piece (5), by means of a scarf joint preferably with an incline of up to a maximum of 1/10.
4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that bonded to the outer side and/or lower side (5a, 9, 10) in the merging and transition region (E1, E2) of the fitting piece (5) and to the adjoining glued-laminated girder (1, 2) is initially a layer-shaped additional layer (26) which is then worked off, preferably by planing, sawing and/or milling up to a desired level or up to a lower edge of the girder.
5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the scarf joint (5', 6') is produced at a plurality of outer sides or longitudinal sides of the glued-laminated girders (1, 2) to be connected, preferably on at least two opposing sides and in particular on all sides.
6. Load-bearing wooden component consists of at least two glued-laminated girders (1, 2) joined together with the partial formation of a universal dovetail joint (8), whereby the at least two connected glued-laminated girders (1, 2) have a respective separate recess (A1, A2) on at least one outer side and/or lower side (9,10), and whereby in the common recess (A) formed from the two separate recesses (A1, A2), in the at least two glued-laminated girders (1, 2) a fitting piece (5) is provided which is connected positively thereto, characterised in that the two glued-laminated girders (1, 2) are bonded with the fitting piece (5) on their at least one outer side or lower side (6, 7) in the region of the provided recess (A) by a scarf joint (6', 7'), the scarf joint (6', 7') extending at an angle of inclination (α) at least in a partial length of the fitting piece (5) starting from the merging and transition region (E1, E2) of the fitting piece (5) in the direction of the end (3, 4) of the associated glued-laminated girder (1, 2).
7. Wooden component according to claim 6, characterised in that the incline of the scarf joint has a value up to a maximum of 1/5, preferably up to a maximum of 1/6, 1/8 and in particular up to a maximum of 1/10.
8. Wooden component according to either claim 6 or claim 7, characterised in that the fitting piece (5) has a height (H) which amounts to at least 1/6 of the height of the glued-laminated girders (1, 2).
9. Wooden component according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the fitting piece (5) has, adapted to the lower side of the adjacent glued-laminated girders (1, 2) a straight, concave or convex lower side (5a) or has a lower side which has at least a straight, concave or convex portion.
10. Wooden component according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterised in that the common recess (A) formed by the two joined glued-laminated girders (1, 2) and the fitting piece (5) inserted into this recess (A) have at least approximately the shape of a triangle or a trapezium, optionally with rounded-off transitions.
11. Wooden component according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterised in that a premium lamella (23) is firmly attached or bonded to the outer side or lower side (5a) of the fitting piece (5) and/or a premium lamella (21, 22) is attached or bonded to the outer sides or lower sides (9, 10) of the glued-laminated girders (1, 2) adjacent to the respective recess (A1, A2), preferably respectively in the form of a high-strength premium board lamella (23, 12, 22).
12. Wooden component according to claim 11, characterised in that the fibre direction in the glued-laminated girders (1, 2) and/or in the fitting piece (5) and/or in the premium board lamellas (23, 21, 22) and/or in the reinforcing lamella (28) runs in the longitudinal direction (L) of the connected glued-laminated girders (1, 2) or with a component running in the longitudinal direction (L) which is greater than in the transverse direction.
13. Wooden component according to either claim 11 or claim 12, characterised in that the premium board lamella (23, 21, 22) is formed from a single-piece lamella or from a plurality of block-shaped individual lamellas (280) which are rigidly interconnected and are preferably bonded together.
14. Wooden component according to any one of claims 6 to 13, characterised in that a lateral reinforcement (29) preferably of a wood material is attached, preferably bonded to at least one or preferably two, to the lower side or outer side (5a, 9, 10) of the fitting piece (5) and of the glued-laminated girders (1, 2).
15. Wooden component according to any one of claims 6 to 14, characterised in that a pressure block (27) which consists of non-compressive material, in particular of wood or a workable and curable filling compound is provided, in particular bonded in or screwed in on the connected glued-laminated girders (1, 2) on the side opposite the fitting piece (5) preferably above the central neutral pressure-tensile zone.

Images