EP2227574B1 - Steel for high-strength components comprising bands, sheets or tubes having excellent formability and particular suitability for high-temperature coating processes - Google Patents

Steel for high-strength components comprising bands, sheets or tubes having excellent formability and particular suitability for high-temperature coating processes Download PDF

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EP2227574B1
EP2227574B1 EP08855857A EP08855857A EP2227574B1 EP 2227574 B1 EP2227574 B1 EP 2227574B1 EP 08855857 A EP08855857 A EP 08855857A EP 08855857 A EP08855857 A EP 08855857A EP 2227574 B1 EP2227574 B1 EP 2227574B1
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steel
strength
sheets
content
bands
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EP2227574A1 (en
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Joachim SCHÖTTLER
Volker Flaxa
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Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steel for high-strength components made of strips, sheets or tubes with excellent formability and particular suitability for high-temperature coating method according to claim 1.
  • high temperature in this context temperatures above A c3 (about 900 ° C) understood.
  • thermomechanical rolling This presupposes that these steels are no longer subjected to heat treatment in downstream process stages, since in this case the mechanical properties would be lost from the thermomechanical treatment.
  • Table 1 below shows this with the example of steel grade S-420 in 3.0 mm and 8.0 mm with a minimum yield strength of 420 MPa.
  • Table 1 Change in the mechanical properties of sheets from S-420 after 1 or 2 enamel firings Thickness, mm sample Location Status R p0.2 - MPa R m - MPa A 80 % 3.0 mm along initial state 444 569 21.3 after 1 annealing 430 521 25.1 after 2 anneals 405 522 25.9 crosswise initial state 502 592 20.9 after 1 annealing 453 537 25.1 after 2 anneals 439 537 23.0 8.0 mm along initial state 426 523 29.8 after 1 annealing 391 498 31.0 after 2 anneals 385 494 31.5 crosswise initial state 437 538 26.7 after 1 annealing 401 505 29.7 after 2 anneals 395 503 29.2
  • the cause of the occurrence of fish scales is considered to be that during the enamelling process, the steel surface comes into contact with moisture from the furnace atmosphere and from the enamel slurry.
  • the reaction of the water with the steel surface forms atomic hydrogen, which diffuses into the steel during the baking process.
  • the hydrogen solubility in the steel decreases, and the hydrogen urges out of the steel and recombines at the material boundary steel / enamel to form molecular hydrogen.
  • This reaction is associated with an increase in volume, which can build up a high pressure locally, which eventually becomes so great that the adhesive strength of the composite enamel / steel is exceeded and crescent-shaped enamel flaking (fish scales) occur in the now solidified enamel.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a low-cost steel for high-strength components of tapes, sheets or tubes, which has excellent formability and suitability for high temperature coating process while ensuring the general weldability and in particular the HFI weldability.
  • this object is achieved by a steel with the following contents in% by mass: C 0.07 to ⁇ 0.15 al ⁇ 0.05 Si ⁇ 0.80 Mn 1.60 to ⁇ 2.10 P ⁇ 0.020 S ⁇ 0.010 Cr 0.50 to ⁇ 1.0 Not a word 0.15 to ⁇ 0.25 Ti min 48/14 x [N] V 0.05 to ⁇ 0.10 B 0.0015 to ⁇ 0.0050 Rest of iron including standard steel-accompanying elements ,
  • the high-strength steel according to the invention is designed as a tempering steel which can be hardened in air or in a medium having comparable cooling gradients.
  • the steel is suitable for high-temperature coating processes such.
  • enamelling or galvanizing even at treatment temperatures above 900 ° C particularly suitable and is characterized by the fact that it does not lose strength when cooled after coating, but even gains strength by the tempering effect.
  • a steel is provided with the alloy composition according to the invention, which has both an excellent enameling and fish scale resistance and at the same time obtains a high strength from the tempering treatment during enamel firing or galvanizing.
  • the relatively low carbon equivalent also ensures excellent overall weldability.
  • HFI welding high-frequency induction welding
  • the Fischuppenbe pretechnik the steel is inventively achieved by an addition of chromium and vanadium, with finely dispersed precipitates of chromium and vanadium carbides or carbonitrides and titanium nitrides in the hardened structure of the steel form hydrogen traps on which the forming during enamelling atomic hydrogen harmless for can attach the enamel.
  • the alloy concept based on Mn, Cr, Mo, V and B causes the compensation of the steel already at a cooling gradient comparable to cooling in air by advantageous displacement of the relevant transformation points.
  • the steel has a low for a galvanizing with ⁇ 0.30% Si content, so that the galvanic z. B. is guaranteed for use in the automotive industry.
  • the cold workability can be achieved by a subsequent soft annealing, z. B. in a hood annealing, or by a Homogenticiansglühen be achieved.
  • the cold workability may alternatively according to Hot rolls are also preserved when a correspondingly tightly wound coil slowly, u. U. in a special thermally insulated hood, cools.
  • the tempering state can then be readjusted by means of a subsequent heat treatment.
  • Table 2 determined characteristic values are listed on samples of the steel according to the invention for hot or cold rolled sheets or strips and tubes produced therefrom: Table 2: Change in the mechanical characteristics of the steel according to the invention after enameling Cold strip 1.5 mm R p0.2 [MPa] R m [MPa] As [%] Delivery condition soft 339 494 35.1 After enameling 490 770 12.1 Hot strip 4.6 mm R p0.2 [MPa] R m [MPa] As [%] Delivery condition soft 336 528 33.4 After enameling 475 740 12.2
  • test results show that the comparison steel TRIP HXT800 has a pickling removal that is significantly higher than the specifications, so that a fish scale resistance test was not possible.
  • the steel according to the invention can be used in a wide range of variations as strip, sheet metal, hot or cold rolled or for welded and seamless pipes.
  • the thickness or wall thickness range z. B. 0.5 - 4 mm.
  • the corresponding values for hot-rolled or hot-formed products are approx. 1.5 - 8 mm.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A steel for high-strength components including bands, sheets or pipes having excellent formability and particular suitability for high-temperature coating processes above Ac3 (about 900° C.) is disclosed. The steel includes the following elements (contents in % by mass): C 0.07 to ≰0.15, Al≰0.05, Si≰0.80, Mn 1.60 to ≰2.10, P≰0.020, S≰0.010, Cr 0.50 to ≰1.0, Mo 0.10 to ≰0.30, Timin 48/14×[N], V 0.03 to ≰0.12, B 0.0015 to ≰0.0050, with the balance iron including usual steel-accompanying elements.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stahl für hochfeste Bauteile aus Bändern, Blechen oder Rohren mit ausgezeichneter Umformbarkeit und besonderer Eignung für Hochtemperatur-Beschichtungsverfahren gemäß Patentanspruch 1. Unter dem Begriff Hochtemperatur werden in diesem Zusammenhang Temperaturen oberhalb von Ac3 (ca. 900°C) verstanden.The invention relates to a steel for high-strength components made of strips, sheets or tubes with excellent formability and particular suitability for high-temperature coating method according to claim 1. The term high temperature in this context temperatures above A c3 (about 900 ° C) understood.

Die moderne Leichtbauweise von Bauteilen aus Stahl mit dem Ziel einer möglichst großen Ressourcenschonung durch maximale Gewichtseinsparung setzt zunehmend den Einsatz von hochfesten Stählen voraus.The modern lightweight construction of components made of steel with the aim of conserving resources as much as possible through maximum weight savings increasingly requires the use of high-strength steels.

Dies gilt z. B. für die Weißblech- oder Sanitärindustrie, den chemischen Apparatebau, die Kraftwerkstechnik und insbesondere auch für die Fahrzeugindustrie, um den Flottenverbrauch zu senken.This applies z. B. for the tinplate or sanitary industry, chemical apparatus engineering, power plant technology and in particular for the vehicle industry to reduce fleet consumption.

Im Falle des Einsatzes in der Automobilindustrie werden Bauteile aus hochfesten Stählen im Normalfall mit korrosionshemmenden Überzügen, meist aus Zink, eingesetzt. In den anderen genannten Einsatzbereichen kommen neben korrosionshemmenden Überzügen auch Emaillierungen zum Einsatz.In the case of use in the automotive industry, components made of high-strength steels are normally used with corrosion-inhibiting coatings, usually of zinc. In the other applications mentioned, in addition to corrosion-inhibiting coatings, enamels are also used.

Halbzeuge, wie Bänder oder Bleche aus üblichen hochfesten Stählen, für diese Einsatzbereiche werden vornehmlich durch thermomechanisches Walzen hergestellt. Dies setzt voraus, dass diese Stähle in nachgeschalteten Prozessstufen keiner Wärmebehandlung mehr unterzogen werden, da hierbei die mechanischen Eigenschaften aus der thermomechanischen Behandlung verloren gehen würden.Semi-finished products, such as strips or sheets of conventional high-strength steels, for these applications are mainly produced by thermomechanical rolling. This presupposes that these steels are no longer subjected to heat treatment in downstream process stages, since in this case the mechanical properties would be lost from the thermomechanical treatment.

Werden diese Stähle einer nachträglichen thermischen Behandlung ausgesetzt, in deren Folge z. B. eine Korrosionsschutzschicht in Form von Email oder metallischen Überzügen aus Zink, Aluminium oder deren Legierungen mit Behandlungstemperaturen bis über Ac3 (ca. 900°C) aufgebracht wird, verlieren diese Stähle ihre ursprüngliche Festigkeit. Sinngemäß gilt dieser Umstand auch für entsprechend wärmebeeinflusste Zonen nach Schweißbehandlungen.If these steels exposed to a subsequent thermal treatment, as a result z. B. a corrosion protection layer in the form of enamel or metallic coatings of zinc, aluminum or their alloys with treatment temperatures above A c3 (about 900 ° C) is applied, these steels lose their original strength. Analogously, this circumstance also applies to corresponding heat-affected zones after welding treatments.

Bei mehrfachen Wärmebehandlungen, wie bei thermischen Beschichtungsverfahren, bei sich kreuzenden Schweißnähten im entsprechend wärmebehandelten Bereich, sowie bei den beim Emaillieren üblicherweise durchgeführten mehrfachen Emaileinbränden wiederholt sich dieses Phänomen, so dass der Werkstoff stetig an Festigkeit verliert.In multiple heat treatments, such as in thermal coating processes, in intersecting welds in the corresponding heat-treated area, as well as in the enamel usually carried out multiple enamel firings, this phenomenon is repeated, so that the material steadily loses strength.

Die nachfolgende Tabelle 1 zeigt dies am Beispiel der Stahlgüte S-420 in 3,0 mm bzw. 8,0 mm mit einer Mindeststreckgrenze von 420 MPa. Tabelle 1: Veränderung der mechanischen Eigenschaften von Blechen aus S-420 nach 1 bzw. 2 Emaileinbränden Dicke, mm Probenlage Zustand Rp0,2 - MPa Rm - MPa A80 - % 3,0 mm längs Ausgangszustand 444 569 21,3 nach 1 Glühung 430 521 25,1 nach 2 Glühungen 405 522 25,9 quer Ausgangszustand 502 592 20,9 nach 1 Glühung 453 537 25,1 nach 2 Glühungen 439 537 23,0 8,0 mm längs Ausgangszustand 426 523 29,8 nach 1 Glühung 391 498 31,0 nach 2 Glühungen 385 494 31,5 quer Ausgangszustand 437 538 26,7 nach 1 Glühung 401 505 29,7 nach 2 Glühungen 395 503 29,2 Table 1 below shows this with the example of steel grade S-420 in 3.0 mm and 8.0 mm with a minimum yield strength of 420 MPa. Table 1: Change in the mechanical properties of sheets from S-420 after 1 or 2 enamel firings Thickness, mm sample Location Status R p0.2 - MPa R m - MPa A 80 % 3.0 mm along initial state 444 569 21.3 after 1 annealing 430 521 25.1 after 2 anneals 405 522 25.9 crosswise initial state 502 592 20.9 after 1 annealing 453 537 25.1 after 2 anneals 439 537 23.0 8.0 mm along initial state 426 523 29.8 after 1 annealing 391 498 31.0 after 2 anneals 385 494 31.5 crosswise initial state 437 538 26.7 after 1 annealing 401 505 29.7 after 2 anneals 395 503 29.2

Bei hochfesten Mehrphasenstählen ist dieser Festigkeitsverlust nach entsprechender Wärmebehandlung noch ausgeprägter, weil der ursprüngliche martensitische Phasenanteil bei der Erwärmung oberhalb der Umwandlungstemperatur Ac3 dann verloren geht, wenn die Abkühlung nicht gesteuert und intensiviert abläuft.In high-strength multiphase steels this loss of strength is even more pronounced after appropriate heat treatment, because the original martensitic phase fraction when heating above the transition temperature A c3 then lost when the cooling is not controlled and intensified expires.

Ein weiteres Problem kann bei hochfesten Stählen dadurch entstehen, dass bei Erwärmung oberhalb Ac3 die Löslichkeit für Wasserstoff deutlich erhöht ist. Bei beschleunigter Abkühlung verbleibt dann der Wasserstoff im Werkstoffgefüge und kann in der Folge zu einer Rissbildung im Werkstoff führen.Another problem that can arise with high-strength steels is that, when heated above A c3, the solubility for hydrogen is markedly increased. When accelerated cooling then the hydrogen remains in the material structure and can lead to cracking in the material as a result.

Aus diesem Grund sind Stähle gefragt, die auch bei langsamer Abkühlung (z. B. an ruhender Luft) ein Härtegefüge erzeugen.For this reason, steels are required which produce a hardened structure even with slow cooling (eg in static air).

Ein weiteres Problem kann bei diesen Stählen entstehen, wenn der Wasserstoffaustritt aus dem Werkstoff durch eine dichte Schutzschicht, wie z. B. Email, behindert wird. Wenn dies der Fall ist, besteht die Gefahr von Abplatzungen der Beschichtung (Fischschuppen).Another problem may arise in these steels, if the hydrogen leakage from the material by a dense protective layer, such. B. email, is hampered. If this is the case, there is a risk of spalling of the coating (fish scales).

Fischschuppen bedeuten Fehlstellen im Email, wodurch ein durchgängiger Schutz des Stahlsubstrates nicht mehr gewährleistet ist. Von großer Bedeutung beim Emaillieren von Stählen ist deshalb insbesondere eine hohe Fischschuppenbeständigkeit des emaillierten Bauteils.Fish scales mean defects in the enamel, whereby a continuous protection of the steel substrate is no longer guaranteed. Of great importance in the enameling of steels is therefore in particular a high fish scale resistance of the enamelled component.

Als Ursache für das Auftreten von Fischschuppen wird angesehen, dass während des Emaillierprozesses die Stahloberfläche mit Feuchtigkeit aus der Ofenatmosphäre und aus dem Emailschlicker in Berührung kommt.The cause of the occurrence of fish scales is considered to be that during the enamelling process, the steel surface comes into contact with moisture from the furnace atmosphere and from the enamel slurry.

Durch die Reaktion des Wassers mit der Stahloberfläche bildet sich atomarer Wasserstoff, der während des Einbrennprozesses in den Stahl eindiffundiert.The reaction of the water with the steel surface forms atomic hydrogen, which diffuses into the steel during the baking process.

Nach dem Einbrand des Emails bei ca. 900°C und dem anschließenden Abkühlen nimmt die Wasserstofflöslichkeit im Stahl ab, und der Wasserstoff drängt aus dem Stahl und rekombiniert an der Werkstoffgrenze Stahl/Email zu molekularem Wasserstoff.After the enamel has burnt in at approx. 900 ° C and then cooled, the hydrogen solubility in the steel decreases, and the hydrogen urges out of the steel and recombines at the material boundary steel / enamel to form molecular hydrogen.

Diese Reaktion ist mit einer Volumenzunahme verbunden, wobei sich lokal ein hoher Druck aufbauen kann, der schließlich so groß wird, dass die Haftfestigkeit des Verbundes Email/Stahl überschritten wird und halbmondförmige Emailabplatzungen (Fischschuppen) am inzwischen erstarrten Email auftreten.This reaction is associated with an increase in volume, which can build up a high pressure locally, which eventually becomes so great that the adhesive strength of the composite enamel / steel is exceeded and crescent-shaped enamel flaking (fish scales) occur in the now solidified enamel.

Für kalt- oder warmgewalzte Bleche sind nach dem Stand der Technik z.B. aus der DE 10 2004 053 620 eine Reihe Stähle bekannt, die Fischschuppenbeständigkeit aufweisen. Wegen der oftmals geforderten besonderen Tiefzieheigenschaften sind diese Stähle im Normalfall als niedrigfeste IF-Stähle konzipiert (z. B. EP 0 386 758 B1 ) und basieren auf Legierungskonzepten bei denen die Fischschuppenbeständigkeit durch beim Kaltwalzen zertrümmerte Zementitausscheidungen (Wasserstofffallen) an den Korngrenzen hervorgerufen werden, an die sich der atomare Wasserstoff anlagert und damit unschädlich bezüglich Fischschuppenbildung wird.For cold or hot rolled sheets are according to the prior art, for example, from DE 10 2004 053 620 a number of steels are known which have fish scale resistance. Because of the special thermoforming properties often required, these steels are normally designed as low-strength IF steels (eg EP 0 386 758 B1 ) and are based on alloy concepts in which fish scale resistance is caused by cold-crushed cementite precipitates (hydrogen traps) at the grain boundaries, to which the atomic hydrogen attaches and thus becomes harmless with respect to fish scale formation.

Hochfeste, gut umformbare Stähle mit Eignung für Hochtemperaturbehandlungen, wie z. B. beim Emaillieren, sind bislang nicht bekannt.Die Anforderungen an einen hochfesten Stahl, die nicht immer gleichzeitig erfüllt sein müssen, lassen sich für die beschriebenen Anwendungsgebiete wie folgt zusammenfassen:

  • Hohe Werkstofffestigkeit des Bauteils nach Umformung auch nach einer Wärmebehandlung bei Temperaturen oberhalb 900°C,
  • Fischschuppenbeständigkeit nach der Emaillierung,
  • gute Umformbarkeit,
  • gute allgemeine Schweißbarkeit,
  • gute Hochfrequenz-Induktions- (HFI-) und Laser-Schweißbarkeit bei der Rohrherstellung,
  • gute Verzinkbarkeit des Bauteils.
High-strength, easily formed steels suitable for high-temperature treatments, such as: As in enamelling, are not yet known. The requirements for a high-strength steel, which need not always be met simultaneously, can be summarized as follows for the described applications:
  • High material strength of the component after forming, even after a heat treatment at temperatures above 900 ° C,
  • Fish scale resistance after enamelling,
  • good formability,
  • good general weldability,
  • good high-frequency induction (HFI) and laser weldability during pipe production,
  • good galvanizability of the component.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen kostengünstigen Stahl für hochfeste Bauteile aus Bändern, Blechen oder Rohren anzugeben, der eine ausgezeichnete Umformbarkeit und Eignung für Hochtemperatur-Beschichtungsverfahren aufweist bei gleichzeitiger Gewährleistung der allgemeinen Schweißbarkeit und insbesondere der HFI-Schweißbarkeit.The invention has for its object to provide a low-cost steel for high-strength components of tapes, sheets or tubes, which has excellent formability and suitability for high temperature coating process while ensuring the general weldability and in particular the HFI weldability.

Nach der Lehre der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe gelöst durch einen Stahl mit folgenden Gehalten in Masse-%: C 0,07 bis ≤ 0,15 Al ≤ 0,05 Si ≤ 0,80 Mn 1,60 bis ≤ 2,10 P ≤ 0,020 S ≤ 0,010 Cr 0,50 bis ≤ 1,0 Mo 0,15 bis ≤ 0,25 Timin 48/14 x[N] V 0,05 bis ≤ 0,10 B 0,0015 bis ≤ 0,0050 Rest Eisen einschließlich üblicher stahlbegleitender Elemente auf .According to the teaching of the invention, this object is achieved by a steel with the following contents in% by mass: C 0.07 to ≤ 0.15 al ≤ 0.05 Si ≤ 0.80 Mn 1.60 to ≤ 2.10 P ≤ 0.020 S ≤ 0.010 Cr 0.50 to ≤ 1.0 Not a word 0.15 to ≤ 0.25 Ti min 48/14 x [N] V 0.05 to ≤ 0.10 B 0.0015 to ≤ 0.0050 Rest of iron including standard steel-accompanying elements ,

Der erfindungsgemäße hochfeste Stahl ist als Vergütungsstahl ausgelegt, der an Luft oder einem Medium mit vergleichbaren Abkühlgradienten aushärtbar ist. Der Stahl ist für Hochtemperatur-Beschichtungsverfahren, wie z. B. Emaillieren oder Verzinken, auch bei Behandlungstemperaturen oberhalb von 900°C besonders geeignet und zeichnet stich dadurch aus, dass er bei Abkühlung nach dem Beschichten nicht an Festigkeit verliert, sondern durch den Vergütungseffekt sogar noch an Festigkeit gewinnt. Für die Fachwelt überraschend hat sich in umfangreichen Versuchsreihen herausgestellt, dass mit der erfindungsgemäßen Legierungszusammensetzung erstmals ein Stahl bereitgestellt wird, der sowohl eine hervorragende Emaillierbarkeit und Fischschuppenbeständigkeit aufweist und gleichzeitig eine hohe Festigkeit aus der Vergütungsbehandlung beim Emailleinbrand oder beim Verzinken erhält.The high-strength steel according to the invention is designed as a tempering steel which can be hardened in air or in a medium having comparable cooling gradients. The steel is suitable for high-temperature coating processes such. As enamelling or galvanizing, even at treatment temperatures above 900 ° C particularly suitable and is characterized by the fact that it does not lose strength when cooled after coating, but even gains strength by the tempering effect. For the experts it has surprisingly been found in extensive series of experiments that for the first time a steel is provided with the alloy composition according to the invention, which has both an excellent enameling and fish scale resistance and at the same time obtains a high strength from the tempering treatment during enamel firing or galvanizing.

Mit diesem vergleichsweise sehr kostengünstigen Legierungskonzept wird insbesondere durch den niedrigen Kohlenstoffgehalt ebenfalls eine hervorragende Kakumformbarkeit im Ausgangszustand "weich" erreicht, was bei Einsatz für Tiefziehteile, z. B. im Sanitärbereich für Wassererhitzer, im Kesselbau, im chemischen Apparatebau oder im Karosseriebau von Kraftfahrzeugen, von besonderer Bedeutung ist.With this comparatively very cost-effective alloy concept, in particular, owing to the low carbon content, excellent kak formability in the initial state "soft" is achieved, which, when used for deep-drawn parts, eg. B. in the sanitary area for water heaters, boiler construction, chemical apparatus construction or in the bodywork of motor vehicles, is of particular importance.

Das relativ niedrige Kohlenstoffäquivalent sichert zudem eine hervorragende allgemeine Schweißbarkeit. Insbesondere ist auch die Schweißbarkeit beim Hochfrequenz-Induktionsschweißen (HFI-Schweißen), wie es z. B. für die Herstellung von Rohren angewendet wird, hervorragend, da der Chromgehalt zur Vermeidung von unerwünschten Chromcarbidausscheidungen in der Schweißnaht relativ niedrig ist.The relatively low carbon equivalent also ensures excellent overall weldability. In particular, the weldability in high-frequency induction welding (HFI welding), as z. B. is used for the production of pipes, excellent because the chromium content is relatively low to avoid unwanted chromium carbide precipitations in the weld.

Die Fischuppenbeständigkeit des Stahls wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Zugabe von Chrom und Vanadin erreicht, wobei feindisperse Ausscheidungen von Chrom- und Vanadin-Carbiden bzw. -Carbonitriden und Titannitriden im Härtegefüge des Stahls Wasserstofffallen bilden, an denen sich der bei der Emaillierung bildende atomare Wasserstoff unschädlich für die Emaillierung anlagern kann.The Fischuppenbeständigkeit the steel is inventively achieved by an addition of chromium and vanadium, with finely dispersed precipitates of chromium and vanadium carbides or carbonitrides and titanium nitrides in the hardened structure of the steel form hydrogen traps on which the forming during enamelling atomic hydrogen harmless for can attach the enamel.

Das Legierungskonzept auf Basis Mn, Cr, Mo, V und B bewirkt die Vergütung des Stahls schon bei einem der Abkühlung an Luft vergleichbaren Abkühlgradienten durch vorteilhafte Verschiebung der relevanten Umwandlungspunkte.The alloy concept based on Mn, Cr, Mo, V and B causes the compensation of the steel already at a cooling gradient comparable to cooling in air by advantageous displacement of the relevant transformation points.

Dies setzt voraus, dass der vorhandene Stickstoff im Stahl erfindungsgemäß vollständig durch zusätzliche Titanzugaben zu Titannitriden abgebunden ist, um Bornitrid-Ausscheidungen zu vermeiden und damit die Wirksamkeit des zugegebenen Bors sicherzustellen. Insofern ist erfindungsgemäß mindestens eine stöchiometrische Zugabe von Titan relativ zum Stickstoffgehalt einzuhalten.This presupposes that the nitrogen present in the steel is completely bonded according to the invention by additional titanium additions to titanium nitrides in order to avoid boron nitride precipitations and thus to ensure the effectiveness of the added boron. In this respect, according to the invention, at least one stoichiometric addition of titanium must be maintained relative to the nitrogen content.

In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist der Stahl einen für eine Verzinkung mit ≤ 0,30 % niedrigen Si- Gehalt auf, so dass die Verzinkbarkeit z. B. für den Einsatz in der Automobilindustrie gewährleistet ist.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the steel has a low for a galvanizing with ≤ 0.30% Si content, so that the galvanic z. B. is guaranteed for use in the automotive industry.

Es sind aus dem Stand der Technik Vergütungsstähle bekannt, bei denen allein durch die Abkühlung des Stahls an Luft, beispielsweise nach einer Wärmebehandlung des Bauteils, die Härtung erreicht wird und damit die geforderten Werkstoffeigenschaften realisiert werden.There are known from the prior art tempering steels, in which only by the cooling of the steel in air, for example, after a heat treatment of the component, the curing is achieved and thus the required material properties can be realized.

Kühlt der Stahl nach dem Warmwalzen zumindest abschnittsweise an Luft so schnell ab, dass der Lufthärtungseffekt einsetzt, so kann die Kaltumformbarkeit durch einen nachgeschalteten Weichglühvorgang, z. B. in einer Haubenglühe, bzw. durch ein Homogenisierungsglühen, erreicht werden. Die Kaltumformbarkeit kann alternativ nach dem Warmwalzen auch erhalten bleiben, wenn ein entsprechend eng gewickeltes Coil langsam, u. U. in einer speziellen wärmegedämmten Haube, abkühlt.Cools the steel after hot rolling at least partially in air from so quickly that the air hardening effect begins, the cold workability can be achieved by a subsequent soft annealing, z. B. in a hood annealing, or by a Homogenisierungsglühen be achieved. The cold workability may alternatively according to Hot rolls are also preserved when a correspondingly tightly wound coil slowly, u. U. in a special thermally insulated hood, cools.

Nach der Kaltumformung, bzw. Formgebung kann der Vergütungszustand dann über eine nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung wieder eingestellt werden.After cold forming or shaping, the tempering state can then be readjusted by means of a subsequent heat treatment.

Unter Kaltumformung sind hierbei folgende Verfahrensvarianten zu verstehen:

  1. a) Die direkte Herstellung entsprechender Bauteile aus Warmband durch Tiefziehen o. ä. mit anschließender möglicher Vergütungsbehandlung.
  2. b) Die Weiterverarbeitung zu Rohren mit entsprechenden Zieh- und Glühprozessen. Die Rohre selbst werden anschließend zu Bauteilen, z. B. durch Biegen, Innenhochdruckumformen (IHU) o. ä., umgeformt und anschließend vergütet.
  3. c) Die Weiterverarbeitung des Warmbandes zu Kaltband mit nachfolgendem Glüh- sowie Dressier-Prozess. Das Kaltband wird anschließend durch Tiefziehen o. ä. wie unter a) oder b) beschrieben, verarbeitet.
Cold forming here are to be understood as the following process variants:
  1. a) The direct production of corresponding components from hot strip by deep drawing or the like with subsequent possible tempering treatment.
  2. b) Further processing into tubes with appropriate drawing and annealing processes. The tubes themselves are then converted into components, eg. B. by bending, hydroforming (hydroforming) o. Ä., Formed and then annealed.
  3. c) The further processing of the hot strip into cold strip with subsequent annealing and tempering process. The cold strip is then processed by deep drawing or the like as described under a) or b).

In der nachfolgenden Tabelle 2 sind ermittelte Kennwerte an Proben des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls für warm- bzw. kaltgewalzte Bleche oder Bänder sowie daraus hergestellter Rohre aufgeführt: Tabelle 2: Veränderung der mechanischen Kennwerte des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls nach dem Emaillieren Kaltband 1,5 mm Rp0,2 [MPa] Rm [MPa] As [%] Lieferzustand weich 339 494 35,1 Nach dem Emaillieren 490 770 12,1 Warmband 4,6 mm Rp0,2 [MPa] Rm [MPa] As [%] Lieferzustand weich 336 528 33,4 Nach dem Emaillieren 475 740 12,2 In Table 2 below, determined characteristic values are listed on samples of the steel according to the invention for hot or cold rolled sheets or strips and tubes produced therefrom: Table 2: Change in the mechanical characteristics of the steel according to the invention after enameling Cold strip 1.5 mm R p0.2 [MPa] R m [MPa] As [%] Delivery condition soft 339 494 35.1 After enameling 490 770 12.1 Hot strip 4.6 mm R p0.2 [MPa] R m [MPa] As [%] Delivery condition soft 336 528 33.4 After enameling 475 740 12.2

In Bezug auf die Emaillierfähigkeit wurde der Beizabtrag und die Fischschuppenbeständigkeit von Blechen aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Stahl sowie von drei höherfesten Vergleichsstählen geprüft.In terms of enameling ability, pickling and fish scale resistance of sheet steel of the steel of the present invention and three higher strength comparative steels were tested.

Die Ergebnisse der Prüfung der Emaillierfähigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls im Vergleich zu anderen höherfesten Stahlsorten sind in der nachfolgenden Tabelle 3 zusammengefasst. Die Prüfungen zum Beizabtrag und zur Fischschuppenbeständigkeit der Bleche wurden in Anlehnung an die Norm EN 10209 durchgeführt.The results of testing the enameling ability of the steel according to the invention in comparison with other higher-strength steel grades are summarized in Table 3 below. The tests for pickling and fish scale resistance of the sheets were carried out in accordance with the standard EN 10209.

Zur Prüfung der Fischschuppenbeständigkeit wurde neben der Kaltband-Testfritte Ferro 2290 auch ein Boiler-Testemail verwendet.

Figure imgb0001
To test fish scale resistance, a boiler test enamel was used in addition to the cold-rolled test frit Ferro 2290.
Figure imgb0001

Die Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, dass der Vergleichsstahl TRIP HXT800 einen deutlich über den Vorgaben liegenden Beizabtrag aufweist, so dass eine Prüfung der Fischschuppenbeständigkeit nicht möglich war.The test results show that the comparison steel TRIP HXT800 has a pickling removal that is significantly higher than the specifications, so that a fish scale resistance test was not possible.

Der Beizabtrag der beiden anderen Vergleichsstähle lag innerhalb der angestrebten Werte, die Fischschuppenbeständigkeit war jedoch nicht gegeben.The pickling of the two other comparison steels was within the target values, but the fish scale resistance was not given.

Die Ergebnisse des Fischschuppentests sind in den Abbildungen 1a bis 1c dargestellt.The results of the fish scale test are shown in Figures 1a to 1c.

Die Veränderung der mechanischen Kennwerte des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls beim Emaillieren im Vergleich zu anderen höherfesten Stählen ist in den nachfolgenden Abbildungen dargestellt. Für den Vergleichsstahl HXT800 konnten keine Werte nach dem Emaillieren ermittelt werden, da der Stahl infolge des übermäßigen Beizabtrags nicht emaillierfähig ist.The change in the mechanical characteristics of the steel according to the invention during enameling in comparison to other high-strength steels is shown in the following figures. For the comparison steel HXT800 no values could be found after the Enamels are determined because the steel is not enamelled due to the excessive pickling.

Hierzu wird auf die Abbildungen 2 und 3 verwiesen.Reference is made to Figures 2 and 3.

Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Stahls lassen sich wie folgt zusammenfassen:

  • hohe Werkstofffestigkeit auch nach einer Wärmebehandlung oberhalb von 900°C,
  • Fischschuppenbeständigkeit nach der Emaillierung des Bauteils,
  • deutlich erhöhte Festigkeit am fertigen Bauteil und damit Möglichkeit zum konstruktiven Leichtbau durch Dickenreduzierung im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Emaillierstählen,
  • sehr gute Schweißbarkeit des Stahls, insbesondere auch beim HFI-Schweißen im Rahmen der Rohrherstellung,
  • hervorragende Kaltumformbarkeit des Stahls im unvergüteten Zustand und damit die Möglichkeit zur Herstellung komplexer Bauteile,
  • Verzinkbarkeit des Stahls ist gewährleistet,
  • Eignung für nichtmetallische Schutzschichten.
The advantages of the steel according to the invention can be summarized as follows:
  • high material strength even after a heat treatment above 900 ° C,
  • Fish scale resistance after enamelling of the component,
  • significantly increased strength on the finished component and thus the possibility of constructive lightweight construction by reducing the thickness in comparison to conventional enamelling steels,
  • very good weldability of the steel, in particular also in HFI welding during pipe production,
  • Excellent cold workability of the steel in its as-as condition and thus the possibility of producing complex components
  • Galvanability of the steel is ensured
  • Suitability for non-metallic protective coatings.

Für den erfindungsgemäßen Stahl sind nachfolgend typische Kennwerte für warm- bzw. kaltgewalzte Bleche und Rohre im weichgeglühten Zustand aufgeführt: Rel bzw. Rp0,2: 310 - 430 [MPa] Rm: 450-570 [MPa] A5: ≥ 23 [%] For the steel according to the invention typical characteristic values for hot-rolled or cold-rolled sheets and pipes in the soft-annealed state are listed below: R el or R p0.2 : 310 - 430 [MPa] R m : 450-570 [MPa] A 5 : ≥ 23 [%]

Im wärmebehandelten Zustand, z. B. nach dem Emaillieren oder Verzinken, oberhalb von 900°C werden beispielhaft folgende mechanische Kennwerte erreicht: Rel bzw. Rp0,2: 450 - 600 [MPa] Rm: 700 - 850 [MPa] A5: ≥ 12 [%] In the heat-treated state, z. B. after enamelling or galvanizing, above 900 ° C, the following mechanical properties are achieved by way of example: R el or R p0.2 : 450 - 600 [MPa] R m : 700 - 850 [MPa] A 5 : ≥ 12 [%]

Der erfindungsgemäße Stahl ist in einer großen Variationsbreite als Band, Blech, warm- oder kaltgewalzt oder für geschweißte und nahtlose Rohre einsetzbar.The steel according to the invention can be used in a wide range of variations as strip, sheet metal, hot or cold rolled or for welded and seamless pipes.

Für kaltgewalzte bzw. kaltumgeformte Produkte kann der Dicken- bzw. Wanddickenbereich z. B. 0,5 - 4 mm betragen. Die entsprechenden Werte für warmgewalzte bzw. warmumgeformte Produkte liegen bei ca. 1,5 - 8 mm.For cold rolled or cold formed products, the thickness or wall thickness range z. B. 0.5 - 4 mm. The corresponding values for hot-rolled or hot-formed products are approx. 1.5 - 8 mm.

Claims (11)

  1. A steel for high-strength components of bands, sheets or pipes with excellent formability and particular suitability for high-temperature coating processes above Ac3 (approx. 900°C), consisting of the elements (contents in wt.%):
    C 0.07 to ≤ 0.15
    Al ≤ 0.05
    Si ≤ 0.80
    Mn 1.60 to ≤ 2.10
    P ≤ 0.020
    S ≤ 0.010
    Cr 0.50 to ≤ 1.0
    Mo 0.15 to ≤ 0.25
    Timin 48/14 x[N]
    V 0.05 to ≤ 0.10
    B 0.0015 to ≤ 0.0050,
    balance iron, including conventional steel-accompanying elements.
  2. The steel according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the steel has a C content of 0.08 to ≤ 0.10%.
  3. The steel according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    the steel has a Si content of ≤ 0.30%.
  4. The steel according to one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that
    the steel has a Mn content of 1.80 to ≤ 2.0%.
  5. The steel according to one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that
    the steel has a Cr content of 0.70 to ≤ 0.80%.
  6. The steel according to one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that
    the steel has a Ti content of 0.02 to ≤ 0.03%.
  7. The steel according to one of claims 1 to 6,
    characterised in that
    the steel has a B content of 0.0025 to ≤ 0.0035%.
  8. A component made from a readily formable band, sheet or tube comprising steel according to at least one of claims 1 to 7,
    characterised in that
    the component, after forming, is heat-treated at a temperature above Ac3 (approx. 900°C) and, after cooling, has a minimum yield strength of 450 MPa.
  9. The component according to claim 8,
    characterised in that
    the heat treatment includes an enamelling with one or more firings.
  10. The component according to claim 8,
    characterised in that
    the heat treatment includes a metallic coating.
  11. The component according to claim 10,
    characterised in that
    the coating is a zinc coating.
EP08855857A 2007-12-03 2008-11-05 Steel for high-strength components comprising bands, sheets or tubes having excellent formability and particular suitability for high-temperature coating processes Active EP2227574B1 (en)

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