EP2855718B1 - Flat steel product and process for producing a flat steel product - Google Patents

Flat steel product and process for producing a flat steel product Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2855718B1
EP2855718B1 EP13726805.8A EP13726805A EP2855718B1 EP 2855718 B1 EP2855718 B1 EP 2855718B1 EP 13726805 A EP13726805 A EP 13726805A EP 2855718 B1 EP2855718 B1 EP 2855718B1
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Prior art keywords
cold
temperature
flat steel
steel product
rolled flat
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EP13726805.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2855718A1 (en
Inventor
Ekatherina BOCHAROVA
Sigrun Voss
Dorothea MATTISSEN
Roland Sebald
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
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    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/58Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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    • C25D7/0614Strips or foils
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001Austenite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005Ferrite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat steel product produced from a cost-producible, high-strength steel and a method for producing such a flat steel product.
  • Dual-phase steels have been used in automotive engineering for some time.
  • alloying concepts for such steels known, each of which is composed so that they meet a wide variety of requirements.
  • Many of the known concepts are based on an alloy with molybdenum or require complex manufacturing processes, in particular a very rapid cooling in the cold strip annealing in order to produce the respectively desired structure of the steel.
  • the price of molybdenum in the market is subject to strong fluctuations, the production of steels containing high levels of Mo is associated with a high cost risk.
  • sufficiently high Mo contents retard the formation of perlite during cooling and thus ensure the formation of a favorable structure for the requirements imposed on the respective steel.
  • WO 03/018858 A1 discloses an ultra high strength steel composition, a process for producing an ultra-high strength steel product, and the resulting product, wherein the steel composition disclosed in this document does not contain niobium and molybdenum.
  • the object of the invention was to specify a flat steel product which has optimized mechanical properties and can be produced inexpensively without having to resort to expensive alloying elements that are subject to great variations in their procurement costs.
  • this object has been achieved with respect to the flat steel product in that such a flat steel product has the composition and properties specified in claim 1.
  • the flat steel product according to the invention contains at least 0.11% by weight C.
  • an excessively high C content has a negative effect on the welding behavior.
  • the weldability of a steel decreases with the level of its carbon content.
  • the maximum carbon content is limited to 0.16 wt .-% in the flat steel product according to the invention.
  • Silicon is also used to increase strength by increasing the hardness of the ferrite.
  • the minimum content of silicon of a flat steel product according to the invention is 0.1% by weight.
  • too high a content of silicon leads both to undesired grain boundary oxidation, which adversely affects the surface of a flat steel product according to the invention, and to difficulties when a flat steel product according to the invention is to be hot-dip coated with a metallic coating to improve its corrosion resistance.
  • the upper limit of the Si content of a flat steel product according to the invention is 0.3% by weight.
  • Manganese prevents the formation of perlite during cooling. As a result, the desired martensite formation is promoted in the flat steel product according to the invention and the strength of the flat steel product is increased. A sufficiently high manganese content to suppress perlite formation is 1.4% by weight here. Manganese, however, also has the negative property of forming segregations or reducing its suitability for welding. To avoid these effects, the upper limit of Mn intended content range of a flat steel product according to the invention at 1.9 wt .-%.
  • Aluminum is added to a flat steel product according to the invention for deoxidizing.
  • a content of at most 0.1 wt .-% is required.
  • an Al content of at most 0.05 wt .-% has proven to be particularly favorable. From a content of 0.02 wt .-%, the desired effect of Al safely occurs, so that the Al content of a flat steel product according to the invention 0.02 to 0.1 wt .-%, in particular 0.02 to 0.05 wt .-%, is.
  • Chromium is present in the flat steel product according to the invention such as manganese for increasing the strength.
  • the presence of Cr increases the hardenability and thus the proportion of martensite in the flat steel product.
  • the required Cr content is at least 0.45 wt .-%.
  • too high a content of chromium may promote grain boundary oxidation.
  • the Cr content of a flat steel product according to the invention is limited to a maximum of 0.85% by weight.
  • Titanium is added to a flat steel product according to the invention for increasing the strength through the formation of ultrafine precipitates.
  • Ti binds nitrogen in the steel flat product and thus prevents the undesired formation of boron nitrides.
  • the B provided in the flat steel product according to the invention can thus fully develop its strength-increasing effect.
  • a minimum content of 0.025 wt .-% Ti is essential for this. At higher titanium contents, the recrystallization is greatly delayed in the annealing. In extreme cases, this can be accompanied by a decrease in stretch.
  • the upper limit of the titanium content is limited to 0.06% by weight, in particular 0.055% by weight, with contents of up to 0.045% by weight having proven to be particularly practical.
  • Boron is also used to increase the strength in the flat steel product according to the invention.
  • a content of at least 0.0008 wt .-% B is necessary.
  • a B-content of more than 0.002 wt .-% leads to an undesirable embrittlement.
  • Phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen and molybdenum are present in the flat steel product of the invention at most as impurities in such low levels that they have no influence on the properties of the flat steel product. Accordingly, in a flat steel product according to the invention in each case at most 0.02 wt .-% P, at most 0.003 wt .-% S, at most 0.008 wt .-% N and at most 0.1 wt .-% Mo, with the content of molybdenum preferred is below 0.05% by weight.
  • further impurities may be present which, for production-related reasons, enter the flat steel product, for example by scrap insertion. However, these impurities are also present in such small amounts that they do not affect the properties of the flat steel product.
  • the precursor should be further processed either while still hot, so kept at a temperature after casting be at least 300 ° C, or at a cooling rate of at most 60 ° C / h, in particular 50 ° C / h, slowly cooled.
  • the respective precursor may, if necessary, dwell in an oven for a period of up to 500 minutes at a sufficient oven temperature.
  • the reel temperature is set according to the invention to 480-650 ° C, because a lower coiler temperature would lead to a much firmer hot rolled steel flat product ("hot strip"), which could be further processed only under difficult conditions.
  • a coiler temperature above 650 ° C. in combination with the chromium content provided according to the invention would increase the risk of grain boundary oxidation.
  • the coiled hot-rolled coil cools to room temperature in the coil.
  • it can be pickled after cooling to remove scale and debris adhering to it.
  • cold rolling is carried out with a total cold rolling degree of 35-80% in order to achieve the desired cold strip thickness of 0.6-2.4 mm.
  • the cold strip is subjected to a continuous annealing. This is used first to set the desired mechanical properties.
  • the cold-rolled steel flat product can be used to prepare the cold-rolled steel flat product for subsequent coating with a metallic coating that protects the cold-rolled steel flat product from corrosive attack in later use.
  • a metallic coating that protects the cold-rolled steel flat product from corrosive attack in later use.
  • a coating can be applied by hot-dip coating.
  • the annealing provided according to the invention can be carried out in a pass-through, conventionally formed hot-dip coating installation. Alternatively, electrolytic galvanizing may also follow the annealing.
  • both the heating to the respective maximum annealing temperature, as well as the subsequent cooling in one or more steps can take place.
  • the heating takes place first in a preheating stage at a rate of 0.2 K / s to 45 K / s to a preheating temperature which is at most equal to the maximum annealing temperature, in particular in the range of 690-860 ° C or 690-840 ° C. , lies.
  • the flat steel product enters a holding stage in which, if its preheating temperature is less than the respectively targeted maximum annealing temperature, the respective maximum annealing temperature of 750-870 ° C. is reached with further heating.
  • the respective maximum annealing temperature the flat steel product is held until the end of the holding stage is reached.
  • the annealing time within which the flat steel product in the holding stage is kept at the maximum annealing temperature, is 8 - 260 s.
  • the material would not recrystallize.
  • unrecrystallized steel would result in a pronounced anisotropy.
  • a too long annealing time or an excessively high temperature lead to a very coarse microstructure and thus to poorer mechanical properties.
  • the cooling of the cold-rolled steel flat product takes place at a cooling rate of 0.5-110 K / s.
  • the cooling rate is set within this window so that a Perlit Struktur is largely avoided.
  • the cold-rolled steel flat product is to be dip-coated after heat treatment, it is cooled to a temperature of 455-550 ° C. in the course of cooling.
  • the thus tempered cold-rolled steel flat product then passes through a Zn-melt bath, which has a temperature of 450-480 ° C.
  • the steel strip can be held for up to 100 seconds before entering the zinc bath.
  • the temperature of the steel strip is greater than 480 ° C, the steel flat product is cooled until it enters the zinc bath at a cooling rate of up to 10 K / s until its temperature falls within the temperature range envisaged for the zinc bath, in particular equal to the zinc bath temperature is.
  • the thickness of the Zn-based protective layer present on the flat steel product is adjusted in a known manner by a stripping device.
  • the hot dip coating may be followed by another galvannealing, in which the hot dip coated steel flat product is heated up to 550 ° C to burn in the zinc layer.
  • the resulting cold rolled steel flat product is cooled to room temperature.
  • the process according to the invention for producing flat steel products according to the invention consequently comprises the following variants:
  • the cold-rolled steel flat product (“cold strip”) is heated in a preheating oven at a heating rate of 10 - 45 K / s to a preheating temperature of 660 - 840 ° C.
  • the preheated cold strip is passed through a furnace zone, in which the cold strip is maintained at a temperature of 760-860 ° C over a holding time of 8 - 24 s.
  • further heating occurs at a heating rate of 0.2 - 15 K / s.
  • the annealed cold strip is then cooled at a cooling rate of 2.0 - 30 K / s to an inlet temperature of 455 - 550 ° C, with which it then passes through a molten zinc bath and is held for a holding time of more than 45 s.
  • the zinc melt bath has a temperature of 455-465 ° C.
  • the cold strip in the molten zinc bath cools at a cooling rate of up to 10 K / s to the respective temperature of the molten zinc bath or is kept at a constant temperature.
  • the coating thickness is set in a conventional manner. Finally, the coated cold-rolled strip is cooled to room temperature.
  • the cold-rolled flat steel product is brought to a target temperature in an input heating zone of a continuous furnace at a heating rate of up to 25 K / s, which is 760-860 ° C.
  • a holding of the thus-heated cold-rolled steel flat product takes place at a 750-870 ° C., in particular 780-870 ° C., amounting annealing temperature.
  • a heating rate of up to 3 K / s to the respective annealing temperature is thereby during the holding time, i. heated within this holding zone, with a heating rate of up to 3 K / s to the respective annealing temperature.
  • a two-stage cooling is performed, in which the cold rolled steel flat product is first cooled slowly at a cooling rate of 0.5 - 10 K / s to an intermediate temperature of 640 - 730 ° C and a cooling rate of 5 - 110 K / s accelerated to a temperature of 455 - 550 ° C is cooled.
  • the cooled to the temperature in question cold-rolled steel flat product then passes through a molten zinc bath.
  • the zinc melt bath has a temperature of 450-480 ° C.
  • the coating thickness is set in a conventional manner.
  • a galvannealing may be performed to alloy in the zinc coating.
  • the cold strip provided with the zinc coating can be heated to 470-550 ° C. and kept at this temperature for a sufficient time.
  • the zinc coated cold strip may be subjected to temper rolling to improve its mechanical properties and surface finish of the coating.
  • the case-setting degrees are typically in the range of 0.1-2.0%, in particular 0.1-1.0%.
  • the cold rolled flat steel product assembled and produced according to the invention may alternatively undergo a heat treatment in a conventional annealing furnace in which the heating (step e.1)) and the annealing at the respective annealing temperature (step e.2) be completed in the manner described above, but in which the step e.3) is at least carried out in two stages by the cold-rolled steel flat product First cooled to a temperature range of 250 - 500 ° C, then dwells in this temperature range up to 760 s to perform an overaging treatment, and then cooled to room temperature. In this way, the retained austenite is stabilized in the microstructure of the flat steel product according to the invention.
  • the following heat treatment steps are then carried out in a continuous furnace:
  • the cold-rolled steel flat product is first heated in a heating zone at a heating rate of 1-8 K / s to 750-870, in particular 750-850 ° C.
  • the so-warmed cold-rolled steel flat product is passed through a furnace zone, in which the cold-rolled steel flat product over a holding time of 70 - 260 s at an annealing temperature of 750 - 870 ° C, in particular 750 - 850 ° C, is maintained.
  • a heating rate of up to 5 K / s.
  • the thus annealed cold-rolled steel flat product is then subjected to a two-stage cooling, in which it is first accelerated at a cooling rate of 3 - 30 K / s cooled to an intermediate temperature of 450 - 570 ° C.
  • This cooling can be carried out as air and / or gas cooling.
  • This is followed by a slower cooling, in which the cold-rolled steel flat product is cooled to 400-500 ° C at a cooling rate of 1-15 K / s.
  • the respective cooling can be followed by an over-aging treatment in which the cold-rolled steel flat product is maintained at a temperature of 250-500 ° C., in particular 250-330 ° C., over a holding time of 150-760 s.
  • cooling of the cold-rolled steel flat product occurs at a cooling rate of up to 1.5 K / s.
  • the cold-rolled flat steel product heat-treated in the above-described manner may be finally subjected to temper rolling to further improve its mechanical properties.
  • the applied skin passages are typically in the range of 0.1-2.0%, in particular 0.1-1%.
  • the thus heat-treated and optionally temper rolled cold-rolled steel flat product can then pass through a coating system for electrolytic coating, in which the respective metallic protective layer, for.
  • a coating system for electrolytic coating in which the respective metallic protective layer, for.
  • electrochemical electrochemical
  • a flat steel product according to the invention has an alloy according to the invention assembled in the manner described above and is additionally characterized by a structure comprising 60-90% by volume of ferrite including bainitic ferrite, 10% -40% by volume of martensite, up to 5% Vol% of retained austenite and up to 5% by volume due to production-related unavoidable other microstructural constituents.
  • the characteristic values determined in the tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 6892 lie in the following ranges: R p0,2 at least 440 MPa, in particular up to 550 MPa, R m at least 780 MPa, in particular up to 900 MPa, A 80 at least 14%, n 10-20 / Ag at least 0.10, Bra 2 at least 25 MPa, in particular at least 30 MPa.
  • flat steel products according to the invention can be reliably produced by using the method according to the invention.
  • the steel melts A - I, X, Y have been cast into slabs.
  • the cooling of the slabs was carried out so that a maximum cooling rate of 60 K / h was not exceeded.
  • the slabs were then heated in an oven to the respective hot rolling start temperature WAT.
  • the slabs entering the hot rolling scale at the hot rolling start temperature WAT were hot rolled at a final temperature WET into hot rolled steel strips having a thickness WBD.
  • the hot rolled steel strips cooled to a reeling temperature HT at which they have subsequently been wound into a coil.
  • the resulting hot-rolled steel strips were cold-rolled to a cold-rolled steel strip having a thickness KBD with a respective total deformation degree KWG.
  • hot rolling start temperature WAT hot rolling end temperature WET
  • hot rolled steel strip WBD hot rolled steel strip WBD
  • coiler temperature HT total deformation degree KWG
  • total deformation degree KWG total deformation degree KWG
  • the cold-rolled steel strips thus obtained have been subjected to different annealing tests.
  • the steel strips in a holding zone were first finished with a heating rate RF to a maximum annealing temperature TG, on which they were subsequently held.
  • a heating rate RF to a maximum annealing temperature TG, on which they were subsequently held.
  • a annealing time tG was required for the passage of the entire holding zone, d. H. including the finished heating and holding.
  • the cold-rolled steel strips were then cooled in one stage at a cooling rate RE to a temperature TE.
  • the from the melt bath Exiting steel strips had a Zn alloy coating which protects them against corrosion.
  • the operating parameters considered in the production of hot and cold rolled steel strip are "heating rate RV”, "preheating temperature TV”, “heating rate RF”, “annealing temperature TG”, “annealing time tG”, “cooling rate rE”, “temperature TE”, holding time tE “,” RB cooling rate “and” bath temperature TB “are given in Table 4.
  • heating rate RV heating temperature TV
  • heating rate RF heating temperature TG
  • annealing time tG annealing time tG
  • cooling rate rE cooling rate rE
  • heating rate RV preheating temperature TV
  • heating rate RF annealing temperature TG
  • annealing time tG cooling rate RE '
  • intermediate temperature TE' Cooling rate RE "
  • Temperature TE Holding time tE
  • Cooling rate RB and/or Temperature TB "are shown in Table 5.
  • the cold-rolled steel strips were then cooled in two stages.
  • the steel strips having a comparatively high cooling rate RZ ' have been cooled to an intermediate temperature TZ' by use of gas jet cooling.
  • the intermediate temperature TZ ' was the gas jet cooling ended and there was a roller cooling with a reduced cooling rate RZ "to an intermediate temperature TZ".
  • the two-stage cooling was followed by an over-aging treatment, via which the respective steel strip was cooled to the overaging temperature TU starting from the intermediate temperature TZ "at a cooling rate RU.
  • the yield strength Rp0.2, the tensile strength Rm, the elongation A80, the n value (10-20 / Ag) and the composition of the microstructure have been determined, these properties being determined on samples along the rolling direction ,
  • V-bend has been determined according to DIN EN ISO 7438.
  • the ratio of the minimum bending radius, ie the radius at which no visible crack occurs, to the sheet thickness should here be at most 2.0 and ideally does not exceed 1.7.
  • the minimum bending dome diameter has been determined at which no visible damage occurs. It should be 4 * sheet thickness, ideally 3 * sheet thickness. With respect to the present invention this means that the maximum bending dome diameter should not exceed 9.6 mm.
  • the hole expansion according to ISO 16630 with a hole diameter of 10 mm was determined with a drawing speed of 0.8 mm / s. It is at least 15%, ideally at least 18%.
  • Table 7 shows, for the total of 32 tests carried out in the manner described above, which of the steels specified in Table 1 has been used, which has been applied to the hot rolling variants indicated in Table 2, of which the cold rolling variants given in Table 3 have been used and which of the annealing process variants given in Tables 4, 5 and 6 has been passed through by the respective cold-rolled steel strip. Furthermore, Table 7 shows the mechanical properties and the composition of the microstructure as well as the properties determined according to DIN EN ISO 7438 ("V-bend", "U-bend”) and DIN ISO 16630 ("hole widening").
  • Table 1 stolen C Si Mn P S al Cr Ti Mo N B total A 0,147 0.29 1.61 0.011 0.001 0.027 0.62 0.037 0,007 0,004 0.0008 2.76 B 0.130 0.20 1.60 0,010 0.001 0.031 0.73 0,038 0,020 0,007 0.0008 2.77 C 0.140 0.20 1.57 0,008 0.001 0.037 0.71 0.047 0,020 0,008 0.0012 2.74 D 0.140 0.18 1.65 0,007 0.001 0.034 0.49 0.047 0,010 0,006 0.0011 2.57 e 0.130 0.21 1.68 0,010 0.001 0.037 0.51 0,045 0,020 0,006 0.0010 2.65 F 0.158 0.25 1.54 0,015 0,003 0,029 0.75 0,039 0,040 0,007 0.0013 2.83 G 0,119 0.23 1.75 0.009 0.001 0.032 0.63 0,051 0,010 0.005 0.0013 2.84 I 0.130 0.14 1.57 0,013 0,002

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Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein aus einem kostengünstig herstellbaren, höherfesten Stahl hergestelltes Stahlflachprodukt sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Stahlflachprodukts.The invention relates to a flat steel product produced from a cost-producible, high-strength steel and a method for producing such a flat steel product.

Wenn hier von Stahlflachprodukten die Rede ist, so sind damit durch Walzprozesse gewonnene Stahlbänder, Stahlbleche und daraus gewonnene Platinen, Zuschnitte und desgleichen gemeint. Sofern hier im Zusammenhang mit einer Legierungsvorschrift Angaben zum Gehalt eines Legierungselements gemacht werden, beziehen sich diese auf das Gewicht, sofern nicht ausdrücklich etwas anderes angegeben ist.When it comes to flat-rolled steel products, it refers to steel strips obtained by rolling processes, steel sheets and blanks, blanks and the like obtained therefrom. If information about the content of an alloying element is given in connection with an alloying regulation, these relate to the weight, unless expressly stated otherwise.

Dualphasenstähle werden bereits seit geraumer Zeit im Automobilbau eingesetzt. Dabei ist eine große Zahl von Legierungskonzepten für solche Stähle bekannt, die jeweils so zusammengesetzt sind, dass sie unterschiedlichsten Anforderungen genügen. Viele der bekannten Konzepte beruhen auf einer Legierung mit Molybdän oder setzen aufwändige Herstellungsverfahren, insbesondere eine sehr schnelle Abkühlung bei der Kaltbandglühung voraus, um das jeweils gewünschte Gefüge des Stahls zu erzeugen. Da der Preis von Molybdän auf dem Markt starken Schwankungen unterworfen ist, ist die Herstellung von Stählen, die hohe Anteile an Mo enthalten, mit einem hohen Kostenrisiko verbunden. Demgegenüber stehen die positiven Effekte, die Molybdän in Bezug auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Dualphasen-Stählen hat. So verzögern ausreichend hohe Mo-Gehalte die Perlitbildung bei der Abkühlung und gewährleisten so die Entstehung eines für die an den jeweiligen Stahl gestellten Anforderungen günstiges Gefüge.Dual-phase steels have been used in automotive engineering for some time. There is a large number of alloying concepts for such steels known, each of which is composed so that they meet a wide variety of requirements. Many of the known concepts are based on an alloy with molybdenum or require complex manufacturing processes, in particular a very rapid cooling in the cold strip annealing in order to produce the respectively desired structure of the steel. Since the price of molybdenum in the market is subject to strong fluctuations, the production of steels containing high levels of Mo is associated with a high cost risk. In contrast, stand the positive effects that molybdenum has on the mechanical properties of dual-phase steels. Thus, sufficiently high Mo contents retard the formation of perlite during cooling and thus ensure the formation of a favorable structure for the requirements imposed on the respective steel.

WO 03/018858 A1 offenbart eine ultrahochfeste Stahlzusammensetzung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines ultrahochfesten Stahlprodukts und das erhaltene Produkt, wobei die in diesem Dokument offenbarte Stahlzusammensetzung kein Niob und Kein Molybdän enthält. WO 03/018858 A1 discloses an ultra high strength steel composition, a process for producing an ultra-high strength steel product, and the resulting product, wherein the steel composition disclosed in this document does not contain niobium and molybdenum.

Vor dem Hintergrund des voranstehend erläuterten Standes der Technik bestand die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, ein Stahlflachprodukt anzugeben, das optimierte mechanische Eigenschaften aufweist und sich dabei kostengünstig herstellen lässt, ohne dass dazu auf teure, hinsichtlich ihrer Beschaffungskosten großen Schwankungen unterworfene Legierungselemente zurückgegriffen werden muss.Against the background of the prior art explained above, the object of the invention was to specify a flat steel product which has optimized mechanical properties and can be produced inexpensively without having to resort to expensive alloying elements that are subject to great variations in their procurement costs.

Darüber hinaus sollte ein Verfahren angegeben werden, dass die zuverlässige Herstellung von kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukten der erfindungsgemäß zu erzeugenden Art erlaubt.In addition, a method should be specified that allows the reliable production of cold-rolled steel flat products of the type to be produced according to the invention.

Erfindungsgemäß ist diese Aufgabe in Bezug auf das Stahlflachprodukt dadurch gelöst worden, dass ein solches Stahlflachprodukt die in Anspruch 1 angegebene Zusammensetzung und Beschaffenheit aufweist.According to the invention, this object has been achieved with respect to the flat steel product in that such a flat steel product has the composition and properties specified in claim 1.

In Bezug auf das Verfahren ist die oben genannte Aufgabe schließlich dadurch gelöst worden, dass erfindungsgemäß bei der Herstellung eines kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukts die in Anspruch 5 angegebenen Arbeitsschritte durchlaufen werden.With regard to the method, the abovementioned object has finally been achieved by carrying out the steps specified in claim 5 in the production of a cold-rolled flat steel product according to the invention.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes, die oben genannten Aufgaben lösendes Stahlflachprodukt weist demnach folgende Zusammensetzung (in Gew.-%) auf:

  • C: 0,11 - 0,16 %;
  • Si: 0,1 - 0,3 %;
  • Mn: 1,4 - 1,9 %;
  • Al: 0,02 - 0,1 %;
  • Cr: 0,45 - 0,85 %;
  • Ti: 0,025 - 0,06 %;
  • B: 0,0008 - 0,002 %;
Rest Fe und herstellungsbedingt unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen, zu denen Gehalte an Phosphor, Schwefel, Stickstoff oder Molybdän mit der Maßgabe gehören, wobei für die Gehalte an P, S, N oder Mo jeweils gilt:
  • P: ≤ 0,02 %,
  • S: ≤ 0,003 %,
  • N: ≤ 0,008 %,
  • Mo: ≤ 0,1 %.
A steel flat product according to the invention which solves the abovementioned objects accordingly has the following composition (in% by weight):
  • C: 0.11-0.16%;
  • Si: 0.1-0.3%;
  • Mn: 1.4 - 1.9%;
  • Al: 0.02-0.1%;
  • Cr: 0.45-0.85%;
  • Ti: 0.025-0.06%;
  • B: 0.0008 - 0.002%;
Residual Fe and inevitable impurities, including phosphorous, sulfur, nitrogen or molybdenum, with the proviso that the following applies to the contents of P, S, N or Mo:
  • P: ≤ 0.02%,
  • S: ≤ 0.003%,
  • N: ≤ 0.008%,
  • Mo: ≤ 0.1%.

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt sind folglich insbesondere die Gehalte an Mo auf ein Minimum reduziert und durch kostengünstige andere Legierungselemente substituiert, ohne dass dadurch wesentliche Festigkeitseinbußen oder eine Verschlechterung anderer mechanischer Eigenschaften hingenommen werden müssen.In the case of a flat steel product according to the invention, therefore, in particular the contents of Mo are reduced to a minimum and substituted by inexpensive other alloying elements, without it being necessary to accept substantial loss of strength or a deterioration of other mechanical properties.

Kohlenstoff ermöglicht die Ausbildung von Martensit im Gefüge und ist deshalb im erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt ein für die Einstellung der angestrebt hohen Festigkeit wesentliches Element. Damit diese Wirkung im ausreichenden Maße eintritt, enthält das erfindungsgemäße Stahlflachprodukt mindestens 0,11 Gew.-% C. Ein zu hoher C-Gehalt wirkt sich jedoch negativ auf das Schweißverhalten aus. Generell gilt hier, dass die Verschweißbarkeit eines Stahls mit der Höhe seines Kohlenstoffgehalts abnimmt. Um negative Einflüsse des C-Gehalts auf seine Verarbeitbarkeit zu vermeiden, ist daher beim erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt der maximale Kohlenstoffgehalt auf 0,16 Gew.-% beschränkt.Carbon enables the formation of martensite in the microstructure and is therefore an element essential for the setting of the desired high strength in the flat steel product according to the invention. For this effect to occur sufficiently, The flat steel product according to the invention contains at least 0.11% by weight C. However, an excessively high C content has a negative effect on the welding behavior. In general, the weldability of a steel decreases with the level of its carbon content. In order to avoid negative effects of the C content on its processability, therefore, the maximum carbon content is limited to 0.16 wt .-% in the flat steel product according to the invention.

Silizium wird ebenfalls zur Festigkeitssteigerung eingesetzt, indem es die Härte des Ferrits erhöht. Der minimale Gehalt an Silizium eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts liegt dazu bei 0,1 Gew.-%. Ein zu hoher Gehalt an Silizium führt allerdings sowohl zur unerwünschten Korngrenzenoxidation, welche die Oberfläche eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts negativ beeinflusst, als auch zu Schwierigkeiten, wenn ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt zur Verbesserung seiner Korrosionsbeständigkeit mit einem metallischen Überzug schmelztauchbeschichtet werden soll. Um derart negative, die Weiterverarbeitung erschwerende Einflüsse von Si im erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt zu vermeiden, liegt die Obergrenze des Si-Gehalts eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts bei 0,3 Gew.-%.Silicon is also used to increase strength by increasing the hardness of the ferrite. The minimum content of silicon of a flat steel product according to the invention is 0.1% by weight. However, too high a content of silicon leads both to undesired grain boundary oxidation, which adversely affects the surface of a flat steel product according to the invention, and to difficulties when a flat steel product according to the invention is to be hot-dip coated with a metallic coating to improve its corrosion resistance. In order to avoid such negative influences of Si in the flat steel product according to the invention, which impede further processing, the upper limit of the Si content of a flat steel product according to the invention is 0.3% by weight.

Mangan verhindert die Bildung von Perlit bei der Abkühlung. Hierdurch wird im erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt die gewünschte Martensitbildung gefördert und die Festigkeit des Stahlflachprodukts erhöht. Ein hinreichend hoher Gehalt an Mangan zur Unterdrückung der Perlitbildung liegt hier bei 1,4 Gew.-%. Mangan hat aber auch die negative Eigenschaft, Seigerungen zu bilden bzw. die Schweißeignung herabzusetzen. Um diese Effekte zu vermeiden, liegt die Obergrenze des für Mn vorgesehenen Gehaltsbereichs eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts bei 1,9 Gew.-%.Manganese prevents the formation of perlite during cooling. As a result, the desired martensite formation is promoted in the flat steel product according to the invention and the strength of the flat steel product is increased. A sufficiently high manganese content to suppress perlite formation is 1.4% by weight here. Manganese, however, also has the negative property of forming segregations or reducing its suitability for welding. To avoid these effects, the upper limit of Mn intended content range of a flat steel product according to the invention at 1.9 wt .-%.

Aluminium wird einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt zum Desoxidieren zugegeben. Hierzu wird ein Gehalt von maximal 0,1 Gew.-% benötigt. Für die Praxis hat sich dabei ein Al-Gehalt von maximal 0,05 Gew.-% als besonders günstig erwiesen. Ab einem Gehalt von 0,02 Gew.-% tritt die gewünschte Wirkung von Al sicher ein, so dass der Al-Gehalt eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts 0,02 - 0,1 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,02 - 0,05 Gew.-%, beträgt.Aluminum is added to a flat steel product according to the invention for deoxidizing. For this purpose, a content of at most 0.1 wt .-% is required. In practice, an Al content of at most 0.05 wt .-% has proven to be particularly favorable. From a content of 0.02 wt .-%, the desired effect of Al safely occurs, so that the Al content of a flat steel product according to the invention 0.02 to 0.1 wt .-%, in particular 0.02 to 0.05 wt .-%, is.

Chrom ist im erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt wie Mangan zur Festigkeitssteigerung vorhanden. Durch die Anwesenheit von Cr wird die Härtbarkeit und damit der Anteil an Martensit im Stahlflachprodukt erhöht. Der hierzu erforderliche Cr-Gehalt beträgt mindestens 0,45 Gew.-%. Ein zu hoher Gehalt an Chrom kann jedoch die Korngrenzenoxidation fördern. Um diesen Effekt zu verhindern, ist der Cr-Gehalt eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts auf maximal 0,85 Gew.-% beschränkt.Chromium is present in the flat steel product according to the invention such as manganese for increasing the strength. The presence of Cr increases the hardenability and thus the proportion of martensite in the flat steel product. The required Cr content is at least 0.45 wt .-%. However, too high a content of chromium may promote grain boundary oxidation. In order to prevent this effect, the Cr content of a flat steel product according to the invention is limited to a maximum of 0.85% by weight.

Titan ist einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt zur Festigkeitssteigerung durch die Bildung von Feinstausscheidungen zugegeben. Zusätzlich bindet Ti Stickstoff im Stahlflachprodukt ab und unterbindet so die unerwünschte Bildung von Bornitriden. Das im erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt vorgesehene B kann so seine festigkeitssteigernde Wirkung voll entfalten. Ein minimaler Gehalt von 0,025 Gew.-% Ti ist hierfür unerlässlich. Bei höheren Titangehalten wird die Rekristallisation bei der Glühung stark verzögert. Dies kann im Extremfall mit einer Dehnungsabnahme einhergehen. Um bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt eine Mindestbruchdehnung von 14 % zu gewährleisten, ist daher die Obergrenze des Titangehalts erfindungsgemäß auf 0,06 Gew.-%, insbesondere 0,055 Gew.-%, beschränkt, wobei sich Gehalte von bis zu 0,045 Gew.-% als besonders praxisgerecht herausgestellt haben.Titanium is added to a flat steel product according to the invention for increasing the strength through the formation of ultrafine precipitates. In addition, Ti binds nitrogen in the steel flat product and thus prevents the undesired formation of boron nitrides. The B provided in the flat steel product according to the invention can thus fully develop its strength-increasing effect. A minimum content of 0.025 wt .-% Ti is essential for this. At higher titanium contents, the recrystallization is greatly delayed in the annealing. In extreme cases, this can be accompanied by a decrease in stretch. In order to achieve a minimum elongation at break of 14% in the case of a flat steel product according to the invention Therefore, according to the invention, the upper limit of the titanium content is limited to 0.06% by weight, in particular 0.055% by weight, with contents of up to 0.045% by weight having proven to be particularly practical.

Bor wird im erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt ebenfalls zur Festigkeitssteigerung eingesetzt. Hierzu ist ein Gehalt von mindestens 0,0008 Gew.-% B notwendig. Ein B-Gehalt von mehr als 0,002 Gew.-% führt zu einer unerwünschten Versprödung.Boron is also used to increase the strength in the flat steel product according to the invention. For this purpose, a content of at least 0.0008 wt .-% B is necessary. A B-content of more than 0.002 wt .-% leads to an undesirable embrittlement.

Phosphor, Schwefel, Stickstoff und Molybdän sind im erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt allenfalls als Verunreinigungen in so geringen Gehalten vorhanden, dass sie keinen Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften des Stahlflachprodukts haben. Dementsprechend sind in einem erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt jeweils höchstens 0,02 Gew.-% P, höchstens 0,003 Gew.-% S, höchstens 0,008 Gew.-% N und höchstens 0,1 Gew.-% Mo vorhanden, wobei der Gehalt an Molybdän bevorzugt unterhalb von 0,05 Gew.-% liegt. Selbstverständlich können im erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukt weitere Verunreinigungen vorhanden sein, die produktionsbedingt, beispielsweise durch Schrotteinsatz, in den Stahlflachprodukt gelangen. Diese Verunreinigungen sind jedoch ebenfalls jeweils in so geringen Mengen anwesend, dass sie die Eigenschaften des Stahlflachprodukts nicht beeinflussen.Phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen and molybdenum are present in the flat steel product of the invention at most as impurities in such low levels that they have no influence on the properties of the flat steel product. Accordingly, in a flat steel product according to the invention in each case at most 0.02 wt .-% P, at most 0.003 wt .-% S, at most 0.008 wt .-% N and at most 0.1 wt .-% Mo, with the content of molybdenum preferred is below 0.05% by weight. Of course, in the flat steel product according to the invention, further impurities may be present which, for production-related reasons, enter the flat steel product, for example by scrap insertion. However, these impurities are also present in such small amounts that they do not affect the properties of the flat steel product.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts umfasst folgende Arbeitsschritte:

  1. a) Vergießen eines erfindungsgemäß zusammengesetzten Stahls zu einem Vorprodukt, wobei es sich bei dem Vorprodukt um eine Bramme oder eine Dünnbramme handeln kann;
  2. b) Warmwalzen des Vorprodukts zu einem Warmband mit einer Dicke von 2 bis 5,5 mm, wobei die Warmwalzanfangstemperatur 1000 - 1300 °C, insbesondere 1050 - 1200 °C, und die Warmwalzendtemperatur 840 - 950 °C, insbesondere 890 - 950 °C, beträgt;
  3. c) Haspeln des Warmbands zu einem Coil bei einer Haspeltemperatur von 480 -650 °C;
  4. d) Kaltwalzen des Warmbands zu einem 0,6 - 2,4 mm dicken kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukt, wobei der über das Kaltwalzen erzielte Kaltwalzgrad 35 - 80 % beträgt;
  5. e) im kontinuierlichen Durchlauf erfolgendes Wärmebehandeln des kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukts, wobei
    • e.1) das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt zunächst in einer Vorwärmstufe mit einer Aufheizrate von 0,2 - 45 °C/s auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur von bis zu 870 °C, insbesondere 690 - 860 °C, erwärmt wird,
    • e.2) das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt anschließend in einer Haltestufe über eine Glühdauer von 8 - 260 s bei einer Glühtemperatur von 750 - 870 °C gehalten wird, wobei optional das vorerwärmte Stahlflachprodukt innerhalb der Haltestufe auf die jeweilige Glühtemperatur fertigerwärmt wird,
    • e.3) das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt nach Ende der Glühdauer mit einer Abkühlrate von 0,5 - 110 K/s abgekühlt wird.
The process according to the invention for producing a flat steel product according to the invention comprises the following working steps:
  1. a) casting a composite steel according to the invention into a precursor, wherein the precursor may be a slab or a thin slab;
  2. b) hot rolling the precursor into a hot strip having a thickness of 2 to 5.5 mm, wherein the hot rolling start temperature 1000 - 1300 ° C, especially 1050 - 1200 ° C, and the hot rolling end temperature 840 - 950 ° C, especially 890 - 950 ° C. , is;
  3. c) coiling the hot strip into a coil at a coiler temperature of 480-650 ° C;
  4. d) cold rolling the hot strip to a 0.6 - 2.4 mm thick cold rolled flat steel product, wherein the cold rolling degree achieved by the cold rolling is 35-80%;
  5. e) continuously heat treating the cold-rolled steel flat product, wherein
    • e.1) the cold-rolled steel flat product is first heated in a preheating stage at a heating rate of 0.2-45 ° C./s to a preheating temperature of up to 870 ° C., in particular 690-860 ° C.,
    • e.2) the cold-rolled flat steel product is subsequently held in a holding stage over an annealing period of 8-260 s at an annealing temperature of 750-870 ° C., wherein the preheated flat steel product is optionally heat-finished within the holding stage to the respective annealing temperature,
    • e.3) the cold-rolled steel flat product is cooled at the end of the annealing period at a cooling rate of 0.5 - 110 K / s.

Um Spannungsrisse im Vorprodukt zu vermeiden, sollte das Vorprodukt entweder im noch heißen Zustand weiter prozessiert werden, also nach dem Vergießen bei einer Temperatur gehalten werden, die mindestens 300 °C beträgt, oder mit einer Abkühlrate von höchstens 60 °C/h, insbesondere 50 °C/h, langsam abgekühlt werden.To avoid stress cracks in the precursor, the precursor should be further processed either while still hot, so kept at a temperature after casting be at least 300 ° C, or at a cooling rate of at most 60 ° C / h, in particular 50 ° C / h, slowly cooled.

Um vor dem Fertigwarmwalzen auf die jeweils geforderte Warmwalzanfangstemperatur gebracht zu werden, kann das jeweilige Vorprodukt erforderlichenfalls in einem Ofen über eine Dauer von bis zu 500 Minuten bei einer ausreichenden Ofentemperatur verweilen.In order to be brought to the respectively required hot rolling start temperature before the finish hot rolling, the respective precursor may, if necessary, dwell in an oven for a period of up to 500 minutes at a sufficient oven temperature.

Die Haspeltemperatur ist erfindungsgemäß auf 480 - 650 °C festgelegt, weil eine niedrigere Haspeltemperatur zu einem wesentlich festeren warmgewalzten Stahlflachprodukt ("Warmband") führen würde, das sich nur unter erschwerten Bedingungen weiterverarbeiten ließe. Eine Haspeltemperatur oberhalb von 650 °C würde dagegen in Kombination mit dem erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Chromgehalt die Gefahr der Korngrenzenoxidation erhöhen.The reel temperature is set according to the invention to 480-650 ° C, because a lower coiler temperature would lead to a much firmer hot rolled steel flat product ("hot strip"), which could be further processed only under difficult conditions. On the other hand, a coiler temperature above 650 ° C. in combination with the chromium content provided according to the invention would increase the risk of grain boundary oxidation.

Das gehaspelte Warmband kühlt im Coil auf Raumtemperatur ab. Optional kann es nach dem Abkühlen gebeizt werden, um auf ihm haftenden Zunder und Verschmutzungen zu entfernen.The coiled hot-rolled coil cools to room temperature in the coil. Optionally, it can be pickled after cooling to remove scale and debris adhering to it.

Nach dem Haspeln und dem erforderlichenfalls durchgeführten Beizen wird das Warmband in einem oder mehreren Kaltwalzschritten zu einem kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukt ("Kaltband") gewalzt. Ausgehend von der erfindungsgemäß vorgegebenen Dicke des Warmbands wird dabei mit einem Gesamtkaltwalzgrad von 35 - 80 % kaltgewalzt, um die angestrebte Kaltbanddicke von 0,6 - 2,4 mm zu erzielen.After coiling and, if necessary, pickling, the hot strip is rolled in one or more cold rolling steps to a cold rolled steel flat product ("cold strip"). Starting from the thickness of the hot strip predetermined according to the invention, cold rolling is carried out with a total cold rolling degree of 35-80% in order to achieve the desired cold strip thickness of 0.6-2.4 mm.

Im nächsten Fertigungsschritt wird das Kaltband einer kontinuierlichen Glühung unterzogen. Diese dient zuerst zur Einstellung der gewünschten mechanischen Eigenschaften.In the next production step, the cold strip is subjected to a continuous annealing. This is used first to set the desired mechanical properties.

Gleichzeitig kann sie zur Vorbereitung des kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukts für eine nachfolgende Beschichtung mit einem metallischen Überzug genutzt werden, der das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt vor korrosiven Angriffen im späteren Einsatz schützt. Großtechnisch besonders kostengünstig lässt sich ein solcher Überzug durch Schmelztauchbeschichten aufbringen. Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehene Glühung kann dabei in einer im Durchlauf absolvierten, konventionell ausgebildeten Schmelztauchbeschichtungsanlage durchgeführt werden. Alternativ kann sich an die Glühung auch eine elektrolytische Verzinkung anschließen.At the same time, it can be used to prepare the cold-rolled steel flat product for subsequent coating with a metallic coating that protects the cold-rolled steel flat product from corrosive attack in later use. In a particularly cost-effective manner, such a coating can be applied by hot-dip coating. The annealing provided according to the invention can be carried out in a pass-through, conventionally formed hot-dip coating installation. Alternatively, electrolytic galvanizing may also follow the annealing.

Im Zuge des Wärmebehandelns kann sowohl das Aufheizen auf die jeweilige maximale Glühtemperatur, als auch das anschließende Abkühlen in einem oder mehreren Schritten erfolgen. Das Aufheizen erfolgt dabei zunächst in einer Vorwärmstufe mit einer Rate von 0,2 K/s bis 45 K/s auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur, die maximal gleich der maximalen Glühtemperatur ist, insbesondere im Bereich von 690 - 860 °C oder 690 - 840 °C, liegt.In the course of the heat treatment, both the heating to the respective maximum annealing temperature, as well as the subsequent cooling in one or more steps can take place. The heating takes place first in a preheating stage at a rate of 0.2 K / s to 45 K / s to a preheating temperature which is at most equal to the maximum annealing temperature, in particular in the range of 690-860 ° C or 690-840 ° C. , lies.

Anschließend läuft das Stahlflachprodukt in eine Haltestufe ein, in der es, sofern seine Vorwärmtemperatur weniger als die jeweils angezielte maximale Glühtemperatur beträgt, unter weiterer Erwärmung die jeweilige maximale Glühtemperatur von 750 - 870 °C erreicht. Bei der jeweiligen maximalen Glühtemperatur wird das Stahlflachprodukt gehalten, bis das Ende der Haltestufe erreicht ist. Die Glühdauer, innerhalb der das Stahlflachprodukt in der Haltestufe jeweils auf der maximalen Glühtemperatur gehalten wird, beträgt 8 - 260 s. Bei einer zu geringen Temperatur oder zu geringen Zeit würde das Material nicht rekristallisieren. Infolgedessen würde zum einen für die Gefügeumwandlung bei der Abkühlung nicht genügend Austenit zur Martensitbildung zur Verfügung stehen. Zum anderen hätte unrekristallisierter Stahl eine ausgeprägte Anisotropie zur Folge. Eine zu lange Glühdauer oder eine zu hohe Temperatur führen dagegen zu einem sehr groben Gefüge und damit zu schlechteren mechanischen Eigenschaften.Subsequently, the flat steel product enters a holding stage in which, if its preheating temperature is less than the respectively targeted maximum annealing temperature, the respective maximum annealing temperature of 750-870 ° C. is reached with further heating. At the respective maximum annealing temperature, the flat steel product is held until the end of the holding stage is reached. The annealing time, within which the flat steel product in the holding stage is kept at the maximum annealing temperature, is 8 - 260 s. At too low a temperature or too little time, the material would not recrystallize. As a result, on the one hand for the structural transformation during cooling would not be enough Austenite are available for martensite formation. On the other hand unrecrystallized steel would result in a pronounced anisotropy. On the other hand, a too long annealing time or an excessively high temperature lead to a very coarse microstructure and thus to poorer mechanical properties.

Nach Abschluss der Glühdauer erfolgt mit einer Abkühlrate von 0,5 - 110 K/s die Abkühlung des kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukts. Die Abkühlrate wird dabei innerhalb dieses Fensters so eingestellt, dass eine Perlitbildung weitestgehend vermieden wird.After the end of the annealing period, the cooling of the cold-rolled steel flat product takes place at a cooling rate of 0.5-110 K / s. The cooling rate is set within this window so that a Perlitbildung is largely avoided.

Soll das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt nach dem Wärmebehandeln schmelztauchbeschichtet werden, so wird es im Zuge der Abkühlung auf eine Temperatur von 455 - 550 °C abgekühlt. Das derart temperierte kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt durchläuft dann ein Zn-Schmelzenbad, das eine Temperatur von 450 - 480 °C hat. Wenn die Temperatur des kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukts in den für das Zinkbad vorgesehenen Bereich fällt, kann das Stahlband mit einer Dauer von bis zu 100 s vor dem Eintritt ins Zinkbad gehalten werden. Wenn dagegen die Temperatur des Stahlbands größer als 480 °C ist, so wird das Stahlflachprodukt bis zum Eintritt ins Zinkbad mit einer Abkühlrate von bis zu 10 K/s abgekühlt, bis seine Temperatur in den für das Zinkbad vorgesehenen Temperaturbereich fällt, insbesondere gleich der Zinkbadtemperatur ist.If the cold-rolled steel flat product is to be dip-coated after heat treatment, it is cooled to a temperature of 455-550 ° C. in the course of cooling. The thus tempered cold-rolled steel flat product then passes through a Zn-melt bath, which has a temperature of 450-480 ° C. When the temperature of the cold-rolled steel flat product falls within the range intended for the zinc bath, the steel strip can be held for up to 100 seconds before entering the zinc bath. In contrast, if the temperature of the steel strip is greater than 480 ° C, the steel flat product is cooled until it enters the zinc bath at a cooling rate of up to 10 K / s until its temperature falls within the temperature range envisaged for the zinc bath, in particular equal to the zinc bath temperature is.

Bei Austritt aus dem Zn-Bad wird die Dicke der auf dem Stahlflachprodukt vorhandenen Zn-basierten Schutzschicht in bekannter Weise durch eine Abstreifeinrichtung eingestellt.Upon exiting the Zn bath, the thickness of the Zn-based protective layer present on the flat steel product is adjusted in a known manner by a stripping device.

Optional kann sich an die Schmelztauchbeschichtung eine weitere Wärmebehandlung ("Galvannealing") anschließen, bei der das schmelztauchbeschichtete Stahlflachprodukt auf bis zu 550 °C erwärmt wird, um die Zinkschicht einzubrennen.Optionally, the hot dip coating may be followed by another galvannealing, in which the hot dip coated steel flat product is heated up to 550 ° C to burn in the zinc layer.

Entweder unmittelbar nach dem Austritt aus dem Zinkbad oder im Anschluss an die zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung wird das erhaltene kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt.Either immediately after exiting the zinc bath or following the additional heat treatment, the resulting cold rolled steel flat product is cooled to room temperature.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur Erzeugung erfindungsgemäßer Stahlflachprodukte umfasst folglich folgende Varianten:The process according to the invention for producing flat steel products according to the invention consequently comprises the following variants:

Variante a)Option A)

Das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt ("Kaltband") wird in einem Vorwärmofen mit einer Aufheizrate von 10 - 45 K/s auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur von 660 - 840 °C erwärmt.The cold-rolled steel flat product ("cold strip") is heated in a preheating oven at a heating rate of 10 - 45 K / s to a preheating temperature of 660 - 840 ° C.

Anschließend wird das vorerwärmte Kaltband durch eine Ofenzone geleitet, in der das Kaltband über eine Haltezeit von 8 - 24 s bei einer Temperatur von 760 - 860 °C gehalten wird. Abhängig von der im vorangegangenen Arbeitsschritt erreichten Vorwärmtemperatur kommt es dabei zu einer weiteren Erwärmung mit einer Aufheizrate von 0,2 - 15 K/s.Subsequently, the preheated cold strip is passed through a furnace zone, in which the cold strip is maintained at a temperature of 760-860 ° C over a holding time of 8 - 24 s. Depending on the preheating temperature reached in the previous step, further heating occurs at a heating rate of 0.2 - 15 K / s.

Das so geglühte Kaltband wird dann mit einer Abkühlrate von 2,0 - 30 K/s auf eine Eintrittstemperatur von 455 - 550 °C abgekühlt, mit der es anschließend ein Zinkschmelzenbad durchläuft und über eine Haltezeit von höchstens 45 s gehalten wird. Das Zinkschmelzenbad weist dabei eine Temperatur von 455 - 465 °C auf. Abhängig von seiner Eintrittstemperatur kühlt das Kaltband im Zinkschmelzenbad mit einer Abkühlrate von bis zu 10 K/s auf die jeweilige Temperatur des Zinkschmelzenbads ab oder wird bei konstanter Temperatur gehalten. An dem aus dem Zinkschmelzenbad austretenden, nun mit einer Zinkbeschichtung versehenen Kaltband wird in an sich bekannter Weise die Beschichtungsdicke eingestellt. Abschließend wird das beschichtete Kaltband auf Raumtemperatur gekühlt.The annealed cold strip is then cooled at a cooling rate of 2.0 - 30 K / s to an inlet temperature of 455 - 550 ° C, with which it then passes through a molten zinc bath and is held for a holding time of more than 45 s. The zinc melt bath has a temperature of 455-465 ° C. Depending on its inlet temperature, the cold strip in the molten zinc bath cools at a cooling rate of up to 10 K / s to the respective temperature of the molten zinc bath or is kept at a constant temperature. At the emerging from the zinc melt bath, now provided with a zinc coating cold strip, the coating thickness is set in a conventional manner. Finally, the coated cold-rolled strip is cooled to room temperature.

Variante b)Variant b)

Das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt wird in einer Eingangsheizzone eines Durchlaufofens mit einer Aufheizrate von bis zu 25 K/s auf eine Zieltemperatur gebracht, die 760 - 860 °C beträgt.The cold-rolled flat steel product is brought to a target temperature in an input heating zone of a continuous furnace at a heating rate of up to 25 K / s, which is 760-860 ° C.

Anschließend erfolgt in einer Haltezone des Ofens über 35 - 150 s ein Halten des so aufgeheizten kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukts bei einer 750 - 870 °C, insbesondere 780 - 870 °C, betragenden Glühtemperatur. Abhängig von der Temperatur, mit der das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt in die Haltezone eintritt, wird es dabei während der Haltezeit, d.h. innerhalb dieser Haltezone, mit einer Aufheizrate von bis zu 3 K/s auf die jeweilige Glühtemperatur erwärmt.Subsequently, in a holding zone of the furnace over 35-150 s, a holding of the thus-heated cold-rolled steel flat product takes place at a 750-870 ° C., in particular 780-870 ° C., amounting annealing temperature. Depending on the temperature with which the cold-rolled steel flat product enters the holding zone, it is thereby during the holding time, i. heated within this holding zone, with a heating rate of up to 3 K / s to the respective annealing temperature.

Nach dem Halten bei der Glühtemperatur erfolgt eine zweistufige Abkühlung, bei der das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt zunächst langsam mit einer Abkühlrate von 0,5 - 10 K/s auf eine Zwischentemperatur abgekühlt wird, die 640 - 730 °C beträgt, und mit einer Abkühlrate von 5 - 110 K/s beschleunigt auf eine Temperatur von 455 - 550 °C abgekühlt wird.After being held at the annealing temperature, a two-stage cooling is performed, in which the cold rolled steel flat product is first cooled slowly at a cooling rate of 0.5 - 10 K / s to an intermediate temperature of 640 - 730 ° C and a cooling rate of 5 - 110 K / s accelerated to a temperature of 455 - 550 ° C is cooled.

Das auf die betreffende Temperatur abgekühlte kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt durchläuft dann ein Zinkschmelzenbad. Das Zinkschmelzenbad weist dabei eine Temperatur von 450 - 480 °C auf. An dem aus dem Zinkschmelzenbad austretenden, nun mit einer Zinkbeschichtung versehenen kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukt wird in an sich bekannter Weise die Beschichtungsdicke eingestellt.The cooled to the temperature in question cold-rolled steel flat product then passes through a molten zinc bath. The zinc melt bath has a temperature of 450-480 ° C. At the emerging from the zinc melt bath, now provided with a zinc coating cold rolled flat steel product, the coating thickness is set in a conventional manner.

Im Anschluss an den Auftrag der Zinkbeschichtung kann eine Glühbehandlung ("Galvannealing") durchgeführt werden, um in der Zinkbeschichtung eine Legierungsbildung zu bewirken. Hierzu kann das mit der Zinkbeschichtung versehene Kaltband auf 470 - 550 °C erwärmt und über eine ausreichende Zeit bei dieser Temperatur gehalten werden.Following the application of the zinc coating, a galvannealing may be performed to alloy in the zinc coating. For this purpose, the cold strip provided with the zinc coating can be heated to 470-550 ° C. and kept at this temperature for a sufficient time.

Nach dem Zinkbeschichten oder, falls eine solche Behandlung durchgeführt wird, nach der Galvannealing-Behandlung kann das zinkbeschichtete Kaltband einem Dressierwalzen unterzogen werden, um seine mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Oberflächenbeschaffenheit der Beschichtung zu verbessern. Die dabei eingestellten Dressiergrade liegen typischerweise im Bereich von 0,1 - 2,0 %, insbesondere 0,1 - 1,0 %.After zinc plating or, if such treatment is performed, after the galvannealing treatment, the zinc coated cold strip may be subjected to temper rolling to improve its mechanical properties and surface finish of the coating. The case-setting degrees are typically in the range of 0.1-2.0%, in particular 0.1-1.0%.

Zum Einstellen seiner mechanischen Eigenschaften kann das erfindungsgemäß zusammengesetzte und erzeugte kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt alternativ zu der voranstehend beschriebenen Möglichkeit einer Schmelztauchbeschichtung auch eine Wärmebehandlung in einem konventionellen Glühofen durchlaufen, bei der das Aufheizen (Arbeitsschritt e.1)) und das Glühen bei der jeweiligen Glühtemperatur (Arbeitsschritt e.2) in der voranstehend beschriebenen Weise absolviert werden, bei dem jedoch der Arbeitsschritt e.3) mindestens zweistufig durchgeführt wird, indem das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt zunächst auf einen Temperaturbereich von 250 - 500 °C abgekühlt, dann in diesem Temperaturbereich bis zu 760 s verweilt, um eine Überalterungsbehandlung durchzuführen, und anschließend auf Raumtemperatur abgekühlt wird. Auf diese Weise wird der Restaustenit im Gefüge des erfindungsgemäßen Stahlflachprodukts stabilisiert.In order to adjust its mechanical properties, the cold rolled flat steel product assembled and produced according to the invention may alternatively undergo a heat treatment in a conventional annealing furnace in which the heating (step e.1)) and the annealing at the respective annealing temperature (step e.2) be completed in the manner described above, but in which the step e.3) is at least carried out in two stages by the cold-rolled steel flat product First cooled to a temperature range of 250 - 500 ° C, then dwells in this temperature range up to 760 s to perform an overaging treatment, and then cooled to room temperature. In this way, the retained austenite is stabilized in the microstructure of the flat steel product according to the invention.

Bei einer unter diese Vorgehensweise fallenden Variante des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden dann in einem Durchlaufofen folgende Wärmebehandlungsschritte durchlaufen:
Das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt wird zuerst in einer Heizzone mit einer Aufheizrate von 1 - 8 K/s auf 750 - 870, insbesondere 750 - 850 °C, erwärmt.
In a variant of the method according to the invention which is covered by this procedure, the following heat treatment steps are then carried out in a continuous furnace:
The cold-rolled steel flat product is first heated in a heating zone at a heating rate of 1-8 K / s to 750-870, in particular 750-850 ° C.

Anschließend wird das so erwärmte kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt durch eine Ofenzone geleitet, in der das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt über eine Haltezeit von 70 - 260 s bei einer Glühtemperatur von 750 - 870 °C, insbesondere 750 - 850 °C, gehalten wird. Abhängig von der im vorangegangenen Arbeitsschritt erreichten Vorwärmtemperatur kommt es dabei zu einer weiteren Erwärmung mit einer Aufheizrate von bis zu 5 K/s.Subsequently, the so-warmed cold-rolled steel flat product is passed through a furnace zone, in which the cold-rolled steel flat product over a holding time of 70 - 260 s at an annealing temperature of 750 - 870 ° C, in particular 750 - 850 ° C, is maintained. Depending on the preheating temperature reached in the previous step, further heating occurs at a heating rate of up to 5 K / s.

Das so geglühte kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt wird anschließend einer zweistufigen Kühlung unterzogen, bei der es zunächst mit einer Abkühlrate von 3 - 30 K/s beschleunigt auf eine Zwischentemperatur von 450 - 570 °C abgekühlt wird. Diese Abkühlung kann als Luft- und/oder Gaskühlung ausgeführt werden. Darauf folgt eine langsamere Abkühlung, bei der das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt mit einer Abkühlrate von 1 - 15 K/s auf 400 - 500 °C abgekühlt wird.The thus annealed cold-rolled steel flat product is then subjected to a two-stage cooling, in which it is first accelerated at a cooling rate of 3 - 30 K / s cooled to an intermediate temperature of 450 - 570 ° C. This cooling can be carried out as air and / or gas cooling. This is followed by a slower cooling, in which the cold-rolled steel flat product is cooled to 400-500 ° C at a cooling rate of 1-15 K / s.

An die jeweilige Abkühlung kann sich eine Überalterungsbehandlung anschließen, bei der das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt über eine Haltezeit von 150 - 760 s auf einer Temperatur von 250 - 500 °C, insbesondere 250 - 330 °C, gehalten wird. Abhängig von der jeweiligen Eintrittstemperatur kommt es dabei zu einer Abkühlung des kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukts mit einer Abkühlrate von bis zu 1,5 K/s.The respective cooling can be followed by an over-aging treatment in which the cold-rolled steel flat product is maintained at a temperature of 250-500 ° C., in particular 250-330 ° C., over a holding time of 150-760 s. Depending on the respective inlet temperature, cooling of the cold-rolled steel flat product occurs at a cooling rate of up to 1.5 K / s.

Auch das in der voranstehend beschriebenen Weise wärmebehandelte kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt kann abschließend einem Dressierwalzen unterzogen werden, um seine mechanischen Eigenschaften weiter zu verbessern. Die dabei eingestellten Dressiergrade liegen auch hier typischerweise im Bereich von 0,1 - 2,0 %, insbesondere 0,1 - 1 %.Also, the cold-rolled flat steel product heat-treated in the above-described manner may be finally subjected to temper rolling to further improve its mechanical properties. Here, too, the applied skin passages are typically in the range of 0.1-2.0%, in particular 0.1-1%.

Das so wärmebehandelte und gegebenenfalls dressiergewalzte, kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt kann anschließend eine Beschichtungsanlage zum elektrolytischen Beschichten durchlaufen, in der die jeweilige metallische Schutzschicht, z. B. eine Zinklegierungsschicht, in an sich bekannter Weise elektrisch-chemisch ("elektrolytisch") auf dem kaltgewalzten Stahlflachprodukt abgeschieden wird.The thus heat-treated and optionally temper rolled cold-rolled steel flat product can then pass through a coating system for electrolytic coating, in which the respective metallic protective layer, for. As a zinc alloy layer, in a conventional manner electrochemical ("electrolytic") is deposited on the cold-rolled steel flat product.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Stahlflachprodukt weist eine in der voranstehend erläuterten Weise zusammengesetzte erfindungsgemäße Legierung auf und ist zudem durch ein Gefüge gekennzeichnet, das zu 60 - 90 Vol-% aus Ferrit einschließlich bainitischem Ferrit, zu 10 - 40 Vol-% aus Martensit, zu bis zu 5 Vol-% aus Restaustenit und zu bis zu 5 Vol-% aus herstellungsbedingt unvermeidbaren sonstigen Gefügebestandteilen besteht.A flat steel product according to the invention has an alloy according to the invention assembled in the manner described above and is additionally characterized by a structure comprising 60-90% by volume of ferrite including bainitic ferrite, 10% -40% by volume of martensite, up to 5% Vol% of retained austenite and up to 5% by volume due to production-related unavoidable other microstructural constituents.

Dabei liegen die im Zugversuch gemäß DIN EN ISO 6892 (Probenform 2, Längsproben) ermittelten Kennwerte in folgenden Bereichen: Rp0,2 mindestens 440 MPa, insbesondere bis zu 550 MPa, Rm mindestens 780 MPa, insbesondere bis zu 900 MPa, A80 mindestens 14 %, n10-20/Ag mindestens 0,10, BH2 mindestens 25 MPa, insbesondere mindestens 30 MPa. The characteristic values determined in the tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 6892 (sample form 2, longitudinal samples) lie in the following ranges: R p0,2 at least 440 MPa, in particular up to 550 MPa, R m at least 780 MPa, in particular up to 900 MPa, A 80 at least 14%, n 10-20 / Ag at least 0.10, Bra 2 at least 25 MPa, in particular at least 30 MPa.

In der Praxis lassen sich erfindungsgemäße Stahlflachprodukte durch Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zuverlässig erzeugen.In practice, flat steel products according to the invention can be reliably produced by using the method according to the invention.

In den in den Figuren 1 und 2 wiedergegebenen Diagrammen sind jeweils unterschiedliche Temperaturverläufe dargestellt, die sich einstellen, wenn das kaltgewalzte Stahlflachprodukt eine in erfindungsgemäßer Weise vorgenommene Glühung mit unmittelbar anschließender Schmelztauchbeschichtung durchläuft:

  • Vorerwärmung auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur TV mittels einer Aufheizrate RV;
  • Halten bei einer maximalen Glühtemperatur TG über eine Glühdauer tG, wobei das Halten eine Fertigerwärmung auf die Glühtemperatur TG umfasst, wenn die Vorwärmtemperatur TV niedriger als die Glühtemperatur TG ist (gestrichelte Linie TV = TG; durchgezogene Linie TV < TG);
  • Abkühlen in einer Stufe (Fig. 1) oder zwei Stufen (Fig. 2) mit folgender Maßgabe:
  • Abkühlen des Stahlflachprodukts auf eine Temperatur TE (Fig. 1) oder TE' (Fig. 2),
  • optionales Halten auf der Temperatur TE über eine Dauer tH, wenn die jeweilige Temperatur TE in den für die Temperatur TB des Schmelzenbads vorgesehenen Temperaturbereich fällt, insbesondere gleich der Temperatur TB ist, (Fig. 1)
    oder
  • von der Temperatur TE' ausgehendes weiteres Abkühlen auf eine Temperatur TE", wenn die Temperatur TE' größer als die Obergrenze des für das Schmelzenbad vorgesehenen Temperaturbereichs ist, wobei die im zweiten Kühlschritt erreichte Temperatur TE" in den für die Temperatur TB des Schmelzenbads vorgesehenen Temperaturbereich fällt, insbesondere gleich der Temperatur TB ist, (Fig. 2);
  • Durchleiten des Stahlflachprodukts durch ein Schmelzenbad innerhalb einer Durchlaufzeit tB;
  • Abkühlen auf Raumtemperatur RT.
In the in the Figures 1 and 2 Plotted diagrams are shown in each case different temperature profiles, which occur when the cold-rolled steel flat product undergoes an inventive manner annealing with immediately subsequent hot-dip coating:
  • Preheating to a preheating temperature TV by means of a heating rate RV;
  • Hold at a maximum annealing temperature TG over an annealing time tG, the holding comprising a final heating to the annealing temperature TG when the preheating temperature TV is lower than the annealing temperature TG (dashed line TV = TG, solid line TV <TG);
  • Cooling in one step ( Fig. 1 ) or two stages ( Fig. 2 ) with the following proviso:
  • Cooling the flat steel product to a temperature TE ( Fig. 1 ) or TE '( Fig. 2 )
  • optionally holding at the temperature TE for a duration tH when the respective temperature TE falls within the temperature range provided for the temperature TB of the melt bath, in particular equal to the temperature TB ( Fig. 1 )
    or
  • further cooling down to a temperature TE "starting from the temperature TE 'if the temperature TE' is greater than the upper limit of the temperature range provided for the melt bath, the temperature TE" reached in the second cooling step being in the temperature range provided for the temperature TB of the melt bath falls, in particular equal to the temperature TB, ( Fig. 2 );
  • Passing the flat steel product through a melt bath within a cycle time tB;
  • Cool to room temperature RT.

Im Diagramm gemäß Fig. 3 ist dagegen beispielhaft ein Temperaturverlauf angegeben, der sich einstellt, wenn das Stahlflachprodukt eine kontinuierliche Glühung ohne anschließende Schmelztauchbeschichtung durchläuft:

  • Vorerwärmung auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur TV innerhalb einer Vorwärmdauer tV bei einer Aufheizrate RV;
  • Halten bei einer maximalen Glühtemperatur TG über eine Glühdauer tG, wobei das Halten eine Fertigerwärmung auf die Glühtemperatur TG umfasst, wenn die Vorwärmtemperatur TV niedriger als die Glühtemperatur TG ist (gestrichelte Linie TV = TG; durchgezogene Linie TV < TG);
  • Abkühlen in zwei Stufen, wobei in der ersten Stufe mit höherer Abkühlgeschwindigkeit auf eine Zwischentemperatur TZ' und anschließend mit geminderter Abkühlgeschwindigkeit auf eine Zwischentemperatur TZ" abgekühlt wird;
  • Durchführen einer Überalterungsbehandlung, bei der das Stahlflachprodukt ausgehend von der Zwischentemperatur TZ" über eine Behandlungsdauer tU mit einer Abkühlrate RU bis zu einer Überalterungstemperatur TU abkühlt;
  • Abkühlen auf Raumtemperatur RT.
In the diagram according to Fig. 3 On the other hand, a temperature profile is given which occurs when the flat steel product undergoes a continuous annealing without subsequent hot-dip coating:
  • Preheating to a preheating temperature TV within a preheating period tV at a heating rate RV;
  • Hold at a maximum annealing temperature TG over an annealing time tG, wherein the holding is a finished heating on the Annealing temperature TG includes when the preheat temperature TV is lower than the annealing temperature TG (dashed line TV = TG, solid line TV <TG);
  • Cooling in two stages, wherein in the first stage with a higher cooling rate to an intermediate temperature TZ 'and then cooled at a reduced cooling rate to an intermediate temperature TZ ";
  • Performing over-aging treatment in which the steel flat product cools from an intermediate temperature TZ "over a treatment time tU at a cooling rate RU to an over-aging temperature TU;
  • Cool to room temperature RT.

Zur Überprüfung der durch die Erfindung erzielten Effekte sind neun Stahlschmelzen A - I und X, Y erschmolzen worden, deren Zusammensetzungen in Tabelle 1 angegeben sind. Bei den Stählen A - I handelt es sich um erfindungsgemäße Stähle, während die Stähle X und Y außerhalb der Erfindung liegen.To test the effects achieved by the invention, nine steel melts A - I and X, Y have been melted, whose compositions are given in Table 1. The steels A - I are steels according to the invention, while the steels X and Y are outside the invention.

Die Stahlschmelzen A - I, X, Y sind zu Brammen vergossen worden. Die Abkühlung der Brammen erfolgte dabei so, dass eine maximale Abkühlgeschwindigkeit von 60 K/h nicht überschritten wurde. Für das anschließend absolvierte Warmwalzen wurden die Brammen dann in einem Ofen auf die jeweilige Warmwalzanfangstemperatur WAT erwärmt .The steel melts A - I, X, Y have been cast into slabs. The cooling of the slabs was carried out so that a maximum cooling rate of 60 K / h was not exceeded. For the subsequently completed hot rolling, the slabs were then heated in an oven to the respective hot rolling start temperature WAT.

Im Zuge des Warmwalzens sind die mit der Warmwalzanfangstemperatur WAT in die Warmwalzstaffel einlaufenden Brammen bei einer Endtemperatur WET zu warmgewalzten Stahlbändern mit einer Dicke WBD warmgewalzt worden. Nach dem Warmwalzen sind die warmgewalzten Stahlbänder auf eine Haspeltemperatur HT abgekühlt worden, bei der sie anschließend zu einem Coil gewickelt worden sind.In the course of hot rolling, the slabs entering the hot rolling scale at the hot rolling start temperature WAT were hot rolled at a final temperature WET into hot rolled steel strips having a thickness WBD. After hot rolling, the hot rolled steel strips cooled to a reeling temperature HT at which they have subsequently been wound into a coil.

Die so erhaltenen warmgewalzten Stahlbänder sind mit einem jeweiligen Gesamtverformungsgrad KWG zu kaltgewalztem Stahlband mit einer Dicke KBD kaltgewalzt worden.The resulting hot-rolled steel strips were cold-rolled to a cold-rolled steel strip having a thickness KBD with a respective total deformation degree KWG.

Die bei der Herstellung der warm- und kaltgewalzten Stahlbänder berücksichtigten Betriebsparameter "Warmwalzanfangstemperatur WAT", "Warmwalzendtemperatur WET", "Dicke des warmgewalzten Stahlbands WBD", "Haspeltemperatur HT", "Gesamtverformungsgrad KWG" und "Dicke des kaltgewalzten Stahlbands KBD" sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 angegeben.The operating parameters "hot rolling start temperature WAT", "hot rolling end temperature WET", "hot rolled steel strip WBD", "coiler temperature HT", "total deformation degree KWG" and "thickness of cold rolled steel strip KBD" considered in the production of hot and cold rolled steel strip are included in the Tables 2 and 3 indicated.

Die so erhaltenen kaltgewalzten Stahlbänder sind unterschiedlichen Glühversuchen unterzogen worden.The cold-rolled steel strips thus obtained have been subjected to different annealing tests.

Bei der dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten Verlauf folgenden ersten Variante dieser Versuche sind Stahlbänder in einer konventionellen Schmelztauchbeschichtungsanlage zunächst in einer Vorwärmzone mit einer Aufheizrate RV auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur TV erwärmt worden.At the in Fig. 1 As shown in the first variant of these experiments, steel strips in a conventional hot-dip coating installation have first been heated to a preheating temperature TV in a preheating zone at a heating rate RV.

Im unmittelbaren Anschluss an die Vorerwärmung sind die Stahlbänder in einer Haltezone zunächst mit einer Aufheizrate RF auf eine maximale Glühtemperatur TG fertigerwärmt worden, auf der sie anschließend gehalten worden sind. Für den Durchlauf der gesamten Haltezone, d. h. einschließlich der Fertigerwärmung und des Haltens, wurde eine Glühdauer tG benötigt.Immediately following the preheating, the steel strips in a holding zone were first finished with a heating rate RF to a maximum annealing temperature TG, on which they were subsequently held. For the passage of the entire holding zone, d. H. including the finished heating and holding, an annealing time tG was required.

Ebenso unterbrechungsfrei folgend sind die kaltgewalzten Stahlbänder dann in einer Stufe mit einer Abkühlrate RE auf eine Temperatur TE abgekühlt worden. Die aus dem Schmelzenbad austretenden Stahlbänder wiesen eine Zn-Legierungsbeschichtung auf, die sie gegen Korrosion schützt.Likewise without interruption, the cold-rolled steel strips were then cooled in one stage at a cooling rate RE to a temperature TE. The from the melt bath Exiting steel strips had a Zn alloy coating which protects them against corrosion.

Die bei der Herstellung der warm- und kaltgewalzten Stahlbänder berücksichtigten Betriebsparameter "Aufheizrate RV", "Vorwärmtemperatur TV", "Aufheizrate RF", "Glühtemperatur TG", "Glühdauer tG", "Abkühlrate rE", "Temperatur TE", "Haltezeit tE", "Abkühlrate RB" und "Badtemperatur TB" sind in Tabelle 4 angegeben. Zusätzlich sind in Tabelle 4 auch die für die Praxis besonders geeigneten Parameter der in dieser Weise durchgeführten erfindungsgemäßen Schmelztauchbeschichtung in allgemeiner Form genannt.The operating parameters considered in the production of hot and cold rolled steel strip are "heating rate RV", "preheating temperature TV", "heating rate RF", "annealing temperature TG", "annealing time tG", "cooling rate rE", "temperature TE", holding time tE "," RB cooling rate "and" bath temperature TB "are given in Table 4. In addition, in Table 4, the parameters of the hot-dip coating according to the invention, which are particularly suitable for practical purposes, are mentioned in general form.

Bei der dem in Fig. 2 dargestellten Verlauf folgenden zweiten Variante dieser Versuche sind Stahlbänder wiederum in einer konventionellen Schmelztauchbeschichtungsanlage zunächst in einer Vorwärmzone mit einer Aufheizrate RV auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur TV erwärmt worden. Im unmittelbaren Anschluss an die Vorerwärmung sind die Stahlbänder in einer zweiten Zone des jeweiligen Ofens eingelaufen. Sofern ihre Vorerwärmungstemperatur TV weniger als die vorgeschriebene maximale Glühtemperatur TG betrug, sind die Stahlbänder dabei mit einer Aufheizrate RF auf die geforderte maximale Glühtemperatur TG fertigerwärmt worden. Im unterbrechungsfreien Anschluss sind die kaltgewalzten Stahlbänder dann in zwei Stufen abgekühlt worden. In der ersten Stufe der Abkühlung sind die Stahlbänder mit einer vergleichbar geringen Abkühlrate RE' auf eine Zwischentemperatur TE' abgekühlt worden. Mit Erreichen der Zwischentemperatur TE' sind die jeweiligen Stahlbänder mit erhöhter Abkühlrate RE schnell auf die jeweilige Temperatur TE abgekühlt worden. Die aus dem Schmelzenbad austretenden Stahlbänder wiesen eine Zn-Legierungsbeschichtung auf, die sie gegen Korrosion schützt.At the in Fig. 2 As shown in the second variant of these tests, steel strips, in turn, have been heated in a conventional hot-dip coating installation to a preheating temperature TV in a preheating zone at a heating rate RV. Immediately after preheating, the steel strips have run into a second zone of the respective furnace. If its preheating temperature TV was less than the prescribed maximum annealing temperature TG, the steel strips were finished with a heating rate RF to the required maximum annealing temperature TG finished. In the uninterrupted connection, the cold-rolled steel strips were then cooled in two stages. In the first stage of cooling, the steel strips have been cooled to an intermediate temperature TE 'with a comparatively low cooling rate RE'. When the intermediate temperature TE 'has been reached, the respective steel strips having an increased cooling rate RE have been cooled rapidly to the respective temperature TE. The emerging from the melt bath Steel belts had a Zn alloy coating that protects them from corrosion.

Die bei der Herstellung der warm- und kaltgewalzten Stahlbänder berücksichtigten Betriebsparameter "Aufheizrate RV", "Vorwärmtemperatur TV", "Aufheizrate RF", "Glühtemperatur TG", "Glühdauer tG", "Abkühlrate RE'", "Zwischentemperatur TE'", "Abkühlrate RE", "Temperatur TE", "Haltezeit tE", "Abkühlrate RB" und "Temperatur TB" sind in Tabelle 5 angegeben.The operating parameters considered in the production of the hot and cold rolled steel strips: heating rate RV, preheating temperature TV, heating rate RF, annealing temperature TG, annealing time tG, cooling rate RE ', intermediate temperature TE', Cooling rate RE "," Temperature TE "," Holding time tE "," Cooling rate RB "and" Temperature TB "are shown in Table 5.

Bei der dem in Fig. 3 dargestellten Verlauf folgenden dritten Variante der Versuche sind Stahlbänder in einer konventionellen Wärmebehandlungsanlage zunächst in einer Vorwärmzone mit einer Aufheizrate RV auf eine Vorwärmtemperatur TV erwärmt worden. Im unmittelbaren Anschluss an die Vorerwärmung sind die Stahlbänder in einer zweiten Zone des jeweiligen Ofens eingelaufen. Sofern ihre Vorerwärmungstemperatur TV weniger als die vorgeschriebene maximale Glühtemperatur TG betrug, sind die Stahlbänder in dieser Haltezone mit einer Aufheizrate RG auf die geforderte maximale Glühtemperatur TG fertigerwärmt worden. Die auf die jeweilige Glühtemperatur TG erwärmten Stahlbänder sind anschließend bei dieser Temperatur gehalten worden. Die Fertigerwärmung und das Halten erfolgten dabei ebenfalls insgesamt in einer Glühdauer tG.At the in Fig. 3 the course shown following the third variant of the experiments steel strips have been heated in a conventional heat treatment plant initially in a preheating with a heating rate RV to a preheating temperature TV. Immediately after preheating, the steel strips have run into a second zone of the respective furnace. If its preheating temperature TV was less than the prescribed maximum annealing temperature TG, the steel strips in this holding zone were finished with a heating rate RG to the required maximum annealing temperature TG. The heated to the respective annealing temperature TG steel strips were then kept at this temperature. The finished heating and the holding also took place in total in one annealing time tG.

Im unterbrechungsfreien Anschluss sind die kaltgewalzten Stahlbänder daraufhin in zwei Stufen abgekühlt worden. In der ersten Stufe der Abkühlung sind die Stahlbänder mit einer vergleichbar hohen Abkühlrate RZ' auf eine Zwischentemperatur TZ' durch Einsatz einer Gasjetkühlung abgekühlt worden. Mit Erreichen der Zwischentemperatur TZ' wurde die Gasjetkühlung beendet und es erfolgte eine Rollenkühlung mit einer verminderten Abkühlrate RZ" bis auf eine Zwischentemperatur TZ". An die zweistufige Abkühlung schloss sich eine Überalterungsbehandlung an, über die das jeweilige Stahlband ausgehend von der Zwischentemperatur TZ" mit einer Abkühlrate RU auf die Überalterungstemperatur TU abgekühlt worden ist.In the uninterrupted connection, the cold-rolled steel strips were then cooled in two stages. In the first stage of cooling, the steel strips having a comparatively high cooling rate RZ 'have been cooled to an intermediate temperature TZ' by use of gas jet cooling. Upon reaching the intermediate temperature TZ 'was the gas jet cooling ended and there was a roller cooling with a reduced cooling rate RZ "to an intermediate temperature TZ". The two-stage cooling was followed by an over-aging treatment, via which the respective steel strip was cooled to the overaging temperature TU starting from the intermediate temperature TZ "at a cooling rate RU.

Die bei der Herstellung der warm- und kaltgewalzten Stahlbänder berücksichtigten Betriebsparameter "Aufheizrate RV", "Vorwärmtemperatur TV", "Aufheizrate RG", "Glühtemperatur TG", "Glühdauer tG", "Abkühlrate RZ"', "Zwischentemperatur TZ"', "Abkühlrate RZ"", "Zwischentemperatur TZ"", "Abkühlrate RU" und "Überalterungstemperatur TU" sind in Tabelle 6 angegeben.The operating parameters considered in the production of the hot and cold rolled steel strips "heating rate RV", "preheating temperature TV", "heating rate RG", "annealing temperature TG", "annealing time tG", "cooling rate RZ" ', "intermediate temperature TZ"', " Cooling rate RZ "", "intermediate temperature TZ" "," cooling rate RU "and" aging temperature TU "are given in Table 6.

An den kaltgewalzten Stahlbändern sind die Dehngrenze Rp0,2, die Zugfestigkeit Rm, die Dehnung A80, der n-Wert (10-20/Ag) und die Zusammensetzung des Gefüges bestimmt worden, wobei diese Eigenschaften jeweils an Proben längs zur Walzrichtung bestimmt worden sind.On the cold-rolled steel strips, the yield strength Rp0.2, the tensile strength Rm, the elongation A80, the n value (10-20 / Ag) and the composition of the microstructure have been determined, these properties being determined on samples along the rolling direction ,

Zusätzlich ist das Verhalten im V-bend nach DIN EN ISO 7438 ermittelt worden. Das Verhältnis des minimalen Biegeradius, also des Radius, bei dem kein sichtbarer Riss auftritt, zur Blechdicke soll hier höchstens 2,0 betragen und überschreitet idealer Weise 1,7 nicht.In addition, the behavior in V-bend has been determined according to DIN EN ISO 7438. The ratio of the minimum bending radius, ie the radius at which no visible crack occurs, to the sheet thickness should here be at most 2.0 and ideally does not exceed 1.7.

Ebenso ist im Biegeversuch nach DIN EN ISO 7438 (Probenabmessung Blechdicke* 20mm*120mm) der minimale Biegedomdurchmesser bestimmt worden, bei dem keine sichtbare Schädigung auftritt. Er sollte 4*Blechdicke, idealer Weise 3*Blechdicke, betragen. In Bezug auf die vorliegende Erfindung bedeutet dies, dass der maximale Biegedomdurchmesser 9,6 mm nicht überschreiten soll.Similarly, in the bending test according to DIN EN ISO 7438 (sample dimension sheet thickness * 20mm * 120mm), the minimum bending dome diameter has been determined at which no visible damage occurs. It should be 4 * sheet thickness, ideally 3 * sheet thickness. With respect to the present invention this means that the maximum bending dome diameter should not exceed 9.6 mm.

Schließlich ist an gestanzten Proben von den in der voranstehend beschriebenen Weise erzeugten kaltgewalzten Stahlbändern die Lochaufweitung nach ISO 16630 mit einem Lochdurchmesser von 10 mm mit einer Ziehgeschwindigkeit von 0,8 mm/s bestimmt worden. Sie beträgt mindestens 15 %, idealer Weise mindestens 18 %.Finally, on punched samples of the cold-rolled steel strips produced in the manner described above, the hole expansion according to ISO 16630 with a hole diameter of 10 mm was determined with a drawing speed of 0.8 mm / s. It is at least 15%, ideally at least 18%.

In Tabelle 7 sind für die insgesamt 32 in der voranstehend beschriebenen Weise durchgeführten Versuche angegeben, welcher der jeweils in Tabelle 1 angegebenen Stähle verarbeitet worden ist, welche der in Tabelle 2 angegebenen Warmwalzvarianten angewendet worden ist, welche der in Tabelle 3 angegebenen Kaltwalzvarianten zum Einsatz gekommen ist und welche der in den Tabellen 4, 5 und 6 jeweils angegebenen Glühverfahrensvarianten von dem jeweiligen kaltgewalzten Stahlband durchlaufen worden ist. Des Weiteren sind in Tabelle 7 die mechanischen Eigenschaften und die Zusammensetzung des Gefüges sowie die nach DIN EN ISO 7438 ("V-bend", "U-bend") und DIN ISO 16630 ("Lochaufweitung") ermittelten Eigenschaften angegeben. Tabelle 1 Stahl C Si Mn P S Al Cr Ti Mo N B Summe A 0,147 0,29 1,61 0,011 0,001 0,027 0,62 0,037 0,007 0,004 0,0008 2,76 B 0,130 0,20 1,60 0,010 0,001 0,031 0,73 0,038 0,020 0,007 0,0008 2,77 C 0,140 0,20 1,57 0,008 0,001 0,037 0,71 0,047 0,020 0,008 0,0012 2,74 D 0,140 0,18 1,65 0,007 0,001 0,034 0,49 0,047 0,010 0,006 0,0011 2,57 E 0,130 0,21 1,68 0,010 0,001 0,037 0,51 0,045 0,020 0,006 0,0010 2,65 F 0,158 0,25 1,54 0,015 0,003 0,029 0,75 0,039 0,040 0,007 0,0013 2,83 G 0,119 0,23 1,75 0,009 0,001 0,032 0,63 0,051 0,010 0,005 0,0013 2,84 I 0,130 0,14 1,57 0,013 0,002 0,035 0,72 0,057 0,050 0,007 0,0008 2,72 X 0,135 0,21 1,60 0,014 0,002 0,033 0,73 0,020 0,020 0,005 0,0010 2,77 Y 0,140 0,18 1,63 0,007 0,001 0,041 0,50 0,040 0,010 0,004 0,0003 2,55 (alle Angaben in Gew.-%, Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen) Tabelle 2 Warmwalzen WAT [°C] WET [°C] HT [°C] I 1050 920 550 II 1200 920 550 III 1150 880 550 IV 1150 950 580 V 1150 900 490 VI 1150 920 610 VII 1150 920 550 Tabelle 3 Kaltwalzen WBD [mm] KWG [%] KBD [mm] a 2,29 65 0,8 b 2,86 65 1,0 c 5,00 80 1,0 d 4,44 55 2,0 e 5,00 60 2,0 f 4,00 40 2,4 Tabelle 4 Heizzone (Erwärmen) Haltezone (Fertigerwärmen-Halten) Schnellkühlung (1. Kühlschritt) Zinkbad RV [°C/s] TV [°C] RF [°C/s] TG [°C] tG [s] RE [°C/s] TE [°C] tE [°C] RB [°C/s] TB [°C] 1.1 16 690 1,4 780 17 4,7 460 28 460 1.2 18 740 1,4 830 20 5,4 460 30 460 1.3 12 700 0,9 780 24 3,3 465 40 0,1 460 1.4 26 760 1,4 820 12 7,4 465 20 0,5 455 1.5 36 760 1,9 820 9 10,2 465 14 0,7 455 1.6 18 690 2,4 830 16 5,0 510 26 2,1 460 1.7 30 710 4 800 10 13,0 490 10 1,6 465 Tabelle 5 Heizzone (Erwärmen) Haltezone (Fertigerwärmen-Halten) Langsamkühlung (1. Kühlschritt) Schnellkühlung (2. Kühlschritt) Zinkbad RV [°C/s] TV [°C] RF [°C/s] TG [°C] tG [°C/s] RE' [°C/s] TE' [°C] RE [°C/s] TE [°C] tE [s] RB [°C/s] TB [°C] 2.1 9,5 780 0,9 840 2,4 700 26,6 530 2,8 455 2.2 8,8 780 0,2 800 1,7 690 27,9 500 0,6 465 2.3 15,9 860 0,2 870 4,9 695 52,1 495 1,1 455 2.4 19,1 820 0,3 835 6,3 650 60,1 460 30 460 2.5 3,9 835 835 70 2,3 740 54,2 495 0,8 460 2.6 2,2 810 0,2 830 1,8 700 31,3 460 75 460 2.7 11,1 820 0,2 835 2,8 695 36,5 495 0,7 460 Tabelle 6 Heizzone (Erwärmen) Haltezone (Fertigerwärmen-Halten) Gasjetkühlung (1. Kühlschritt) Rollenkühlung (2. Kühlschritt) Überalterung RV [°C/s] TV [°C] RG [°C/s] TG [°C] tG [s] RZ' [°C/s] TZ' [°C] RZ" [°C/s] TZ" [°C] RU [°C/s] TU [°C] 3.1 1,5 780 780 235 6,6 500 1,1 470 0,3 290 3.2 2,1 810 810 170 11,7 450 1,9 500 0,5 260 3.3 2,1 750 0,5 830 9,8 560 2,5 500 0,5 290 3.4 2 830 830 180 8,6 550 4,6 420 0,2 320 3.5 2,6 810 0,3 850 12 550 3,7 470 0,4 290 3.6 5,2 850 850 73 11,3 570 8,8 470 0,8 290 Tabelle 7 (Teil 1) Stahl Wärmebehandlung Kaltwalzen Glühung Rp0,2 [MPa] Rm [MPa] A80 [%] n-Wert Gefüge [Vol.-%] V-bend [minR1/d] U-bend [D1] Lochaufweitung Ferrit Martensit Rest-Austenit Sonstige 1 A I a 1.1 495 834 18,2 0,114 62 35 1,0 2,0 0,8 2,8 18 2 A II a 1.2 517 824 19,8 0,114 62 32 2,5 3,5 1,3 1,6 20 3 A II a 3.4 526 824 16,3 0,113 62 35 2,0 1,0 1,9 2,4 15 4 B III b 1.2 541 831 20,2 0,112 60 35 5,0 0,0 1,0 3,5 19 5 B III c 2.1 503 808 18,7 0,118 63 30 2,5 4,5 1,5 4 23 6 B III c 3.1 542 859 19,3 0,111 60 38 2,0 0,0 2,0 3 17 7 C III c 1.1 508 812 19,0 0,113 62 35 1,5 1,5 1,5 3 22 8 C III c 2.1 527 833 17,0 0,114 65 30 1,5 3,5 2,0 3 17 9 C IV c 1.6 519 837 18,3 0,111 66 30 2,5 1,5 1,5 2,5 16 10 C IV c 3.3 475 796 21,3 0,121 69 23 3,5 4,5 0,5 3,5 27 11 D IV d 1.3 495 827 18,2 0,114 69 25 3,5 2,5 1,8 8 18 12 D V d 1.4 539 827 18,7 0,115 67 25 3,0 5,0 1,3 7 21 13 D V d 2.2 491 818 19,8 0,127 67 28 3,5 1,5 1,3 6 18 14 D V d 3.3 486 869 16,9 0,117 61 35 2,5 1,5 2,0 7 16 15 E V d 1.5 508 803 19,1 0,114 76 20 3,0 1,0 1,5 7 19 16 E V e 2.3 645 856 19,5 0,113 61 35 2,5 1,5 1,3 8 19 17 E V e 2.4 509 781 14,9 0,125 82 15 1,5 1,5 1,8 3 28 18 E V e 3.2 474 854 18,5 0,116 64 30 2,0 4,0 0,5 2 18 19 F VI e 1.5 478 802 17,6 0,115 71 25 2,0 2,0 1,8 7 24 20 F VI f 1.5 497 785 18,5 0,118 76 20 2,5 1,5 1,7 7,2 25 21 F VI f 3.5 497 832 19,3 0,116 72 25 1,5 1,5 1,5 2,4 23 22 G VI e 2.4 531 841 19,6 0,114 60 37 1,5 1,5 1,3 5 18 23 G VII f 2.4 519 839 16,0 0,112 62 35 1,5 1,5 1,9 6 20 24 G VII f 3.6 448 791 16,0 0,120 81 15 1,0 3,0 1,5 2,4 28 Tabelle 7 (Teil 2) Stahl Wärmebehandlung Kaltwalzen Glühung Rp0,2 [MPa] Rm [MPa] A80 [%] n-Wert Gefüge [Vol.-%] V-bend [minR1/d] U-bend [D1] Lochaufweitung 28 I VII d 2.5 527 856 19,5 0,122 60 37 1,0 2,0 1,5 4 15 29 I VII d 2.6 487 796 20,3 0,118 69 25 4,5 1,5 1,5 3 23 30 I VII d 2.7 544 851 18,7 0,111 61 35 2,5 1,5 2,0 6 16 31 X VII d 1.1 438 764 23,8 0,167 88 6 5,0 2,0 1,5 4 30 32 Y VII d 1.1 423 759 23,8 0,171 86 5 4,5 5,0 1,3 4 28 Table 7 shows, for the total of 32 tests carried out in the manner described above, which of the steels specified in Table 1 has been used, which has been applied to the hot rolling variants indicated in Table 2, of which the cold rolling variants given in Table 3 have been used and which of the annealing process variants given in Tables 4, 5 and 6 has been passed through by the respective cold-rolled steel strip. Furthermore, Table 7 shows the mechanical properties and the composition of the microstructure as well as the properties determined according to DIN EN ISO 7438 ("V-bend", "U-bend") and DIN ISO 16630 ("hole widening"). Table 1 stole C Si Mn P S al Cr Ti Mo N B total A 0,147 0.29 1.61 0.011 0.001 0.027 0.62 0.037 0,007 0,004 0.0008 2.76 B 0.130 0.20 1.60 0,010 0.001 0.031 0.73 0,038 0,020 0,007 0.0008 2.77 C 0.140 0.20 1.57 0,008 0.001 0.037 0.71 0.047 0,020 0,008 0.0012 2.74 D 0.140 0.18 1.65 0,007 0.001 0.034 0.49 0.047 0,010 0,006 0.0011 2.57 e 0.130 0.21 1.68 0,010 0.001 0.037 0.51 0,045 0,020 0,006 0.0010 2.65 F 0.158 0.25 1.54 0,015 0,003 0,029 0.75 0,039 0,040 0,007 0.0013 2.83 G 0,119 0.23 1.75 0.009 0.001 0.032 0.63 0,051 0,010 0.005 0.0013 2.84 I 0.130 0.14 1.57 0,013 0,002 0,035 0.72 0.057 0,050 0,007 0.0008 2.72 X 0.135 0.21 1.60 0,014 0,002 0.033 0.73 0,020 0,020 0.005 0.0010 2.77 Y 0.140 0.18 1.63 0,007 0.001 0,041 0.50 0,040 0,010 0,004 0.0003 2.55 (all data in% by weight, balance iron and unavoidable impurities) hot rolling WAT [° C] WET [° C] HT [° C] I 1050 920 550 II 1200 920 550 III 1150 880 550 IV 1150 950 580 V 1150 900 490 VI 1150 920 610 VII 1150 920 550 cold rolling WBD [mm] KWG [%] KBD [mm] a 2.29 65 0.8 b 2.86 65 1.0 c 5.00 80 1.0 d 4.44 55 2.0 e 5.00 60 2.0 f 4.00 40 2.4 Heating zone (heating) Holding zone (finished heat holding) Quick cooling (1st cooling step) zinc bath RV [° C / s] TV [° C] RF [° C / s] TG [° C] tG [s] RE [° C / s] TE [° C] tE [° C] RB [° C / s] TB [° C] 1.1 16 690 1.4 780 17 4.7 460 28 460 1.2 18 740 1.4 830 20 5.4 460 30 460 1.3 12 700 0.9 780 24 3.3 465 40 0.1 460 1.4 26 760 1.4 820 12 7.4 465 20 0.5 455 1.5 36 760 1.9 820 9 10.2 465 14 0.7 455 1.6 18 690 2.4 830 16 5.0 510 26 2.1 460 1.7 30 710 4 800 10 13.0 490 10 1.6 465 Heating zone (heating) Holding zone (finished heat holding) Slow cooling (1st cooling step) Quick cooling (2nd cooling step) zinc bath RV [° C / s] TV [° C] RF [° C / s] TG [° C] tG [° C / s] RE '[° C / s] TE '[° C] RE [° C / s] TE [° C] tE [s] RB [° C / s] TB [° C] 2.1 9.5 780 0.9 840 2.4 700 26.6 530 2.8 455 2.2 8.8 780 0.2 800 1.7 690 27.9 500 0.6 465 2.3 15.9 860 0.2 870 4.9 695 52.1 495 1.1 455 2.4 19.1 820 0.3 835 6.3 650 60.1 460 30 460 2.5 3.9 835 835 70 2.3 740 54.2 495 0.8 460 2.6 2.2 810 0.2 830 1.8 700 31.3 460 75 460 2.7 11.1 820 0.2 835 2.8 695 36.5 495 0.7 460 Heating zone (heating) Holding zone (finished heat holding) Gas jet cooling (1st cooling step) Roller cooling (2nd cooling step) aging RV [° C / s] TV [° C] RG [° C / s] TG [° C] tG [s] RZ '[° C / s] TZ '[° C] RZ "[° C / s] TZ "[° C] RU [° C / s] TU [° C] 3.1 1.5 780 780 235 6.6 500 1.1 470 0.3 290 3.2 2.1 810 810 170 11.7 450 1.9 500 0.5 260 3.3 2.1 750 0.5 830 9.8 560 2.5 500 0.5 290 3.4 2 830 830 180 8.6 550 4.6 420 0.2 320 3.5 2.6 810 0.3 850 12 550 3.7 470 0.4 290 3.6 5.2 850 850 73 11.3 570 8.8 470 0.8 290 stole heat treatment cold rolling annealing R p0.2 [MPa] R m [MPa] A80 [%] n-value Microstructure [Vol .-%] V-bend [minR1 / d] U-bend [D1] hole expansion ferrite martensite Residual austenite other 1 A I a 1.1 495 834 18.2 0.114 62 35 1.0 2.0 0.8 2.8 18 2 A II a 1.2 517 824 19.8 0.114 62 32 2.5 3.5 1.3 1.6 20 3 A II a 3.4 526 824 16.3 0.113 62 35 2.0 1.0 1.9 2.4 15 4 B III b 1.2 541 831 20.2 0.112 60 35 5.0 0.0 1.0 3.5 19 5 B III c 2.1 503 808 18.7 0.118 63 30 2.5 4.5 1.5 4 23 6 B III c 3.1 542 859 19.3 0,111 60 38 2.0 0.0 2.0 3 17 7 C III c 1.1 508 812 19.0 0.113 62 35 1.5 1.5 1.5 3 22 8th C III c 2.1 527 833 17.0 0.114 65 30 1.5 3.5 2.0 3 17 9 C IV c 1.6 519 837 18.3 0,111 66 30 2.5 1.5 1.5 2.5 16 10 C IV c 3.3 475 796 21.3 0.121 69 23 3.5 4.5 0.5 3.5 27 11 D IV d 1.3 495 827 18.2 0.114 69 25 3.5 2.5 1.8 8th 18 12 D V d 1.4 539 827 18.7 0.115 67 25 3.0 5.0 1.3 7 21 13 D V d 2.2 491 818 19.8 0,127 67 28 3.5 1.5 1.3 6 18 14 D V d 3.3 486 869 16.9 0,117 61 35 2.5 1.5 2.0 7 16 15 e V d 1.5 508 803 19.1 0.114 76 20 3.0 1.0 1.5 7 19 16 e V e 2.3 645 856 19.5 0.113 61 35 2.5 1.5 1.3 8th 19 17 e V e 2.4 509 781 14.9 0,125 82 15 1.5 1.5 1.8 3 28 18 e V e 3.2 474 854 18.5 0.116 64 30 2.0 4.0 0.5 2 18 19 F VI e 1.5 478 802 17.6 0.115 71 25 2.0 2.0 1.8 7 24 20 F VI f 1.5 497 785 18.5 0.118 76 20 2.5 1.5 1.7 7.2 25 21 F VI f 3.5 497 832 19.3 0.116 72 25 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.4 23 22 G VI e 2.4 531 841 19.6 0.114 60 37 1.5 1.5 1.3 5 18 23 G VII f 2.4 519 839 16.0 0.112 62 35 1.5 1.5 1.9 6 20 24 G VII f 3.6 448 791 16.0 0,120 81 15 1.0 3.0 1.5 2.4 28 stole heat treatment cold rolling annealing R p0.2 [MPa] R m [MPa] A80 [%] n-value Microstructure [Vol .-%] V-bend [minR1 / d] U-bend [D1] hole expansion 28 I VII d 2.5 527 856 19.5 0,122 60 37 1.0 2.0 1.5 4 15 29 I VII d 2.6 487 796 20.3 0.118 69 25 4.5 1.5 1.5 3 23 30 I VII d 2.7 544 851 18.7 0,111 61 35 2.5 1.5 2.0 6 16 31 X VII d 1.1 438 764 23.8 0.167 88 6 5.0 2.0 1.5 4 30 32 Y VII d 1.1 423 759 23.8 0.171 86 5 4.5 5.0 1.3 4 28

Claims (12)

  1. Cold-rolled flat steel product with the following composition in % by weight
    C: 0.11 - 0.16%;
    Si: 0.1 - 0.3%;
    Mn: 1.4 - 1.9%;
    Al: 0.02 - 0.1%;
    Cr: 0.45 - 0.85%;
    Ti: 0.025 - 0.06%;
    B: 0.0008 - 0.002%;
    the remainder Fe and impurities that are unavoidable for production-related reasons, which include contents of phosphorus, sulfur, nitrogen or molybdenum as long as the following respectively apply for their contents:
    P: ≤ 0.02%
    S: ≤ 0.003%
    N: ≤ 0.008%
    Mo: ≤ 0.05%,
    which has a microstructure that consists of 60 - 90% by volume ferrite, including bainitic ferrite, 10 - 40% by volume martensite, up to 5% by volume residual austenite and up to 5% by volume other structural constituents that are unavoidable for production-related reasons and its proof stress Rp0.2 is at least 440 MPa, its tensile strength is at least 780 MPa, its elongation after fracture A80 is at least 14%, its n10-20/Ag value is at least 0.11 and its BH2 value is at least 25 MPa, in each case determined in the tensile test according to DIN EN ISO 6892, specimen form 2, longitudinal specimens.
  2. Cold-rolled flat steel product according to Claim 1, characterized in that its Al content is at most 0.05% by weight.
  3. Cold-rolled flat steel product according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that its Ti content is at most ≤ 0.055% by weight.
  4. Cold-rolled flat steel product according to Claim 3, characterized in that its Ti content is at most 0.045% by weight.
  5. Method for producing a cold-rolled flat steel product constituted according to either of Claims 1 to 4, comprising the following working steps:
    a) casting a steel composed according to one of Claims 1 to 4 to form a primary product;
    b) hot rolling the primary product to form a hot strip with a thickness of 2 to 5.5 mm, the initial hot-rolling temperature being 1000 - 1300°C and the final hot-rolling temperature being 840 - 950°C;
    c) coiling the hot strip to form a coil at a coiling temperature of 480 - 650°C;
    d) cold rolling the hot strip to form a cold-rolled flat steel product 0.6 - 2.4 mm thick, the degree of cold rolling achieved by means of the cold rolling being 35 - 80%;
    e) heat-treating the cold-rolled flat steel product while it continuously passes through,
    e.1) the cold-rolled flat steel product initially being heated in a preheating stage at a heating-up rate of 0.2 - 45°C/s to a preheating temperature of up to 870°C,
    e.2) the cold-rolled flat steel product subsequently being held at an annealing temperature of 750 - 870°C over an annealing period of 8 - 260 s in a holding stage, the preheated flat steel product optionally being finish-heated to the respective annealing temperature within the holding stage,
    e.3) the cold-rolled flat steel product being cooled down after the end of the annealing period at a cooling-down rate of 0.5 - 110 K/s.
  6. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that, between working steps a) and b), the primary product is kept at a temperature ≥ 300°C.
  7. Method according to Claim 5, characterized in that, between working steps a) and b), the primary product is cooled down to room temperature at a cooling-down rate of ≤ 60°C/h.
  8. Method according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, before working step b), the primary product is heated to the respective initial hot-rolling temperature over a heating-up period of up to 500 minutes.
  9. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the cold-rolled flat steel product passes through a hot-dip coating, which follows on in the continuous flow from working step e.3), and in that the temperature to which the cold-rolled flat steel product is cooled down in working step e.3) is 455 - 550°C.
  10. Method according to one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the cold-rolled flat steel product is cooled down to room temperature in working step e.3).
  11. Method according to Claim 10, characterized in that the cold-rolled flat steel product is cooled down to room temperature in at least two cooling steps in working step a3), in that the cold-rolled flat steel product is cooled down to 250 - 500°C in the first working step and is held in this temperature range for up to 760 s, and in that the cold-rolled flat steel product is subsequently cooled down to room temperature.
  12. Method according to either of Claims 10 and 11, characterized in that, after the cooling down to room temperature, the cold-rolled flat steel product is electrolytically covered with a metallic protective coating.
EP13726805.8A 2012-06-05 2013-06-05 Flat steel product and process for producing a flat steel product Active EP2855718B1 (en)

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PCT/EP2013/061629 WO2013182622A1 (en) 2012-06-05 2013-06-05 Steel, sheet steel product and process for producing a sheet steel product

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KR20150023566A (en) 2015-03-05
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WO2013182621A1 (en) 2013-12-12
CN104583424A (en) 2015-04-29
JP2015525293A (en) 2015-09-03
KR102073441B1 (en) 2020-02-04
WO2013182622A1 (en) 2013-12-12
US20150122377A1 (en) 2015-05-07
KR102073442B1 (en) 2020-02-04
JP2015525292A (en) 2015-09-03
US9976205B2 (en) 2018-05-22
CN104520448A (en) 2015-04-15
KR20150028267A (en) 2015-03-13
JP6310452B2 (en) 2018-04-11
JP6374864B2 (en) 2018-08-15
US20150152533A1 (en) 2015-06-04
CN104583424B (en) 2017-03-08
CN104520448B (en) 2017-08-11
EP2855717B1 (en) 2020-01-22

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