EP1881083A1 - Workpiece made of a high-strength steel alloy and its use - Google Patents

Workpiece made of a high-strength steel alloy and its use Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1881083A1
EP1881083A1 EP07014185A EP07014185A EP1881083A1 EP 1881083 A1 EP1881083 A1 EP 1881083A1 EP 07014185 A EP07014185 A EP 07014185A EP 07014185 A EP07014185 A EP 07014185A EP 1881083 A1 EP1881083 A1 EP 1881083A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
mpa
elongation
followed
break
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EP07014185A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1881083B1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Diekmann
Thomas SÄUBERLICH
Andreas Frehn
Karsten Bake
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
Benteler Stahl Rohr GmbH
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Benteler Automobiltechnik GmbH
Benteler Stahl Rohr GmbH
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a workpiece made of a high-strength steel alloy and its manufacture and use.
  • Air hardening steel alloys have the advantage that they already have a high strength in the normalized state. They are only slightly influenced by the strength of joining processes such as welding and soldering and at the same time have a high tempering resistance in the hot dip galvanizing, z. B. in the high-temperature galvanizing.
  • Classic air-hardening steel materials are based on the CrMoV concept with Mo contents between 0.4% and 0.6% and V contents between 0.1% and 0.2%. Due to the sharp increase in raw material costs, classic CrMoV steels are in the range of mass applications, such as e.g. in the automotive industry, generally no longer economically viable.
  • An alternative alloying concept is the MnTiB concept, which is known from water-hardening steels.
  • MnTiB concept By adding molybdenum and tungsten to the MnTiB concept, as in the DE 10 2004 053 620 A1 proposed, air-hardening properties are achieved at low C-hooks at high elongation at break.
  • the raw material costs for the alloying elements are very high.
  • air-hardening materials with C contents of between 0.09% and 0.12% achieve considerable strengths of up to 1200 MPa and a comparatively high breaking elongation or toughness due to the low C contents during rapid cooling,
  • continuous casting tend to above-average failure rates due to poor surfaces. The reason is to be seen in the peritectic solidification with the result that a reworking of the material is necessary.
  • the invention is based on the object to show a workpiece using a high-strength, air-hardening steel alloy with a cost-effective alloy concept and its production, which is particularly suitable for use in motor vehicle construction.
  • the setting of the hardenability in the alloy type is carried out primarily by adding manganese and chromium in cooperation with titanium and niobium.
  • Essential for achieving a high elongation at break with high tensile strengths is the addition of niobium and the adjustment of a controlled N content together with titanium, niobium and boron and a suitable thermomechanical treatment of the material. In this procedure can be dispensed with the costly alloying elements molybdenum and vanadium.
  • the microalloying concept allows the A5 elongation at break to be increased from 10% to 16% through targeted thermomechanical treatment during hot strip production and also during the production of seamless tubes.
  • the thermomechanical treatment provides for control of rolling temperatures, picking and cooling control after rolling. This allows a bainitic structure with bainite contents greater than 80% with particle sizes below 10 microns and especially below 5 microns can be adjusted so that there are high elongation at break values.
  • the high strength can be adjusted not only by the thermomechanical treatment, but also by an additional heat treatment, in particular by hardening and tempering.
  • a semifinished product of the alloy of sheet metal or tube according to the invention can first be used in the soft, ferritic-pearlitic state.
  • This condition can be achieved by an annealing treatment or by setting suitable reel temperatures during belt production.
  • the soft ferritic-pearlitic state is characterized by a yield strength Rp 0.2 of 500 MPa and a high elongation at break A5 of more than 25% and allows a very good cold working of the semi-finished products.
  • a subsequent heat treatment by austenitizing above Ac3 and cooling in air high strengths are achieved.
  • strengths Rm in the range from 1100 MPa to 1400 MPa are achieved at yield strengths in the range from 850 MPa to 1050 MPa and strains A5 in the range from 10% to 16%.
  • a subsequent tempering treatment each desired strength / expansion ratios can be adjusted. For example, a subsequent tempering treatment at 600 ° C reduces the strength to 880 MPa at an elongation A5 of 16%.
  • the increased process reliability during thermoforming or hardening in the forming tool is a significant advantage in the production of the workpieces from the steel alloy according to the invention.
  • the problem may arise that arise between the cold tool and the abhorred structural component geometry-dependent air gaps, which inevitably adversely affect the homogeneity of the desired high cooling rate in the forming tool.
  • an inventive workpiece made of the air-hardening steel material can be produced by thermoforming with increased process reliability getting produced.
  • Workpieces made of conventional water-quenched materials sometimes show local tensile strengths Rm of less than 850 MPa in areas which, due to errors in the tool geometry, led to uneven cooling conditions.
  • the material according to the invention exhibits a homogeneous tensile strength of more than 1,300 MPa in the tool-tempered state, even in the case of significant irregularities in the process.
  • workpieces according to the invention have advantages in terms of weldability and in terms of tempering behavior.
  • Usual steels for tooling e.g. a 25MnB5 steel show disadvantageously in the region of the weld hard toes and in the heat affected zone a hardness drop, so that the component properties are significantly deteriorated in welded areas, So is e.g. For workpieces from a 25MnB5, a drop in hardness to well below 300 HV can be observed.
  • Welding tests on workpieces according to the invention have shown that in the area of the welding zone and the heat-affected zone of the air-hardened or tool-tempered components, no appreciable hardening and no appreciable hardness drop are to be observed.
  • Thermoformed or air hardened workpieces of the present invention may also provide corrosion protection benefits, although it is generally difficult to achieve the highest corrosion protection requirements for thermoformed components.
  • Highest corrosion protection requirements can be achieved with zinc coatings.
  • a conventional electrochemical galvanizing of high-strength thermoformed workpieces is not possible, since there is an embrittlement or cracking due to the influence of hydrogen.
  • a downstream thermal galvanizing in a molten zinc leads in the hitherto customary workpieces made of water-resistant steels adversely to a high decrease in strength, which almost completely abolishes the tempering effect of the hot forming.
  • the use of hot-dip aluminized sheets disadvantageously has the significantly poorer corrosion protection of aluminum compared to zinc, Difficulties in processing, for example, by the formation of adhesions on the forming tools, as well as high costs.
  • the workpieces according to the invention made from the steel alloy according to the invention advantageously permit thermal galvanization without substantial loss of strength. It could even be shown that after hot-dip galvanizing in a zinc-aluminum melt at a process temperature of 400-450 ° C, the yield strength of the thermoformed components increased from 1,000 MPa to over 1,100 MPa. This can be produced at the same time advantageously high-strength and highly corrosion-resistant workpieces.
  • Workpieces according to the invention also show the advantage of low-heat-treatment.
  • air hardening the surface can be better protected against scaling, which has an advantageous effect on subsequent processing and coating processes.
  • Workpieces produced according to the invention are preferably suitable for seamless or welded steel pipes.
  • workpieces can be used as thick-walled, torque-transmitting components in the form of drive shafts, transmission shafts or camshafts for motor vehicles.
  • workpieces according to the invention can be used for the construction of welded or brazed assemblies, in particular for the production of materially bonded frame structures for motor vehicles, such as e.g. Grid frame, where high strength requirements also exist in the region of the joining zone, are used.
  • the workpieces can be used advantageously as Achsbau former for motor vehicles.
  • Workpieces according to the invention may preferably be used in a forming tool for use as motor vehicle construction parts be hardened, since it is precisely in this area that essential process steps can be optimized.
  • the automotive components in the cured state may have tensile strengths Rm in a range of from 1,200 MPa to 1,500 MPa at a yield point Rp 0.2> 900 MPa and at an elongation at break A5 in a range of 8% -16%.
  • tensile strengths Rm in a range of from 1,200 MPa to 1,500 MPa at a yield point Rp 0.2> 900 MPa and at an elongation at break A5 in a range of 8% -16%.
  • tensile strengths Rm of> 1,000 MPa with a yield strength Rp 0.2> 750 MPa and with an elongation at break A5> 14% result in the air-hard state.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

Workpiece made from a high strength steel alloy contains (in wt.%) 0.11-0.18 carbon, 0.10-0.30 silicon, 1.60-2.20 manganese, less than 0.0015 phosphorus, less than 0.010 sulfur, 1.00-2.00 chromium, less than 0.020 nitrogen, 0.020-0.060 niobium, 0.001-0.004 boron, 0.001-0.050 titanium and a balance of iron. A semi-finished product in the form of sheet metal or tube with a ductile ferritic-perlitic structure is heat treated by austenizing, cooling in air and then optionally tempered. The workpiece has a tensile strength Rm of more than 1.200 MPa at a fraction elongation A5 of more than 12 %.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Werkstück aus einer hochfesten Stahllegierung sowie dessen Herstellung und Verwendung.The invention relates to a workpiece made of a high-strength steel alloy and its manufacture and use.

Lufthärtende Stahllegierungen haben den Vorteil, dass sie bereits eine hohe Festigkeit im normalisierten Zustand aufweisen. Sie sind nur geringen Beeinflussungen der Festigkeit durch Fügeprozesse wie Schweißen und Löten unterworfen und besitzen zugleich eine hohe Anlassbeständigkeit bei der Feuerverzinkung, z. B. bei der Hochtemperatur-Verzinkung.Air hardening steel alloys have the advantage that they already have a high strength in the normalized state. They are only slightly influenced by the strength of joining processes such as welding and soldering and at the same time have a high tempering resistance in the hot dip galvanizing, z. B. in the high-temperature galvanizing.

Es sind bereits eine Reihe von Anwendungen vorgeschlagen worden, bei denen lufthärtende Stahlwerkstoffe mit guter Zähigkeit zum Einsatz kommen können. In der DE 102 21 487 84 wird die Verwendung eines lufthärtenden Stahlwerkstoffs für den Stahlleichtbau vorgeschlagen. Auch die Verwendung für Leitungsrohre von Kraftfahrzeugen ist bereits beschrieben worden ( EP 1565 589 81 ). Lufthärtende Stahlwerkstoffe eignen sich auch zur Herstellung dickwandiger Rohrbauteile ( EP 1 565 588 B1 ). Das Härten durch Abschrecken einer lufthärtenden Legierung im Werkzeug wird in der DE 102 61 21 0 A1 beschrieben. Ein weiteres Legierungskonzept ist Gegenstand der DE 10 2004 053 620 A1 , die einen hochfesten lufthärtenden Stahl mit guten Umformeigenschaften für die Verwendung im Fahrzeugleichtbau betrifft.There are already a number of applications have been proposed in which air-hardening steel materials can be used with good toughness. In the DE 102 21 487 84 the use of an air-hardening steel material for lightweight steel construction is proposed. The use for pipes of motor vehicles has also been described ( EP 1565 589 81 ). Air hardening steel materials are also suitable for the production of thick-walled pipe components ( EP 1 565 588 B1 ). Hardening by quenching an air-hardening alloy in the tool is described in US Pat DE 102 61 21 0 A1 described. Another alloy concept is the subject of DE 10 2004 053 620 A1 , which relates to a high-strength air-hardening steel with good forming properties for use in lightweight vehicle construction.

Durch die DE 24 52 486 C2 zählt es zum Stand der Technik, ein Stahlblech mit geringer Materialdicke auf eine Temperatur über Ac3 zu erwärmen, es danach in die endgültige Form zwischen zwei indirekt gekühlten Werkzeugen unter wesentlicher Formveränderung zu pressen und unter Verbleiben in der Presse so einer Schnellkühlung zu unterziehen, dass ein martensitisches und/oder bainitisches feinkörniges Gefüge erzielt wird (Werkzeughärtung). Durch diesen Warmformprozess verbunden mit einer Werkzeughärtung erhält man ein Produkt mit guter Maßhaltigkeit und hoher Festigkeit.By the DE 24 52 486 C2 It is the state of the art to heat a steel sheet with a small material thickness to a temperature above Ac3, then press it into the final shape between two indirectly cooled tools with substantial change in shape and to undergo rapid cooling, while remaining in the press, that a martensitic and / or bainitic fine-grained structure is achieved (tool hardening). This thermoforming process combined with tool hardening gives a product with good dimensional stability and high strength.

Klassische lufthärtende Stahlwerkstoffe basieren auf dem CrMoV-Konzept mit Mo-Gehalten zwischen 0,4 % und 0,6 %und V-Gehalten zwischen 0,1 % und 0,2%. Durch die stark angestiegenen Rohstoffkosten sind klassische CrMoV-Stähle im Bereich von Massenanwendungen, wie z.B. in der Automobiltechnik, allgemein nicht mehr wirtschaftlich einsetzbar.Classic air-hardening steel materials are based on the CrMoV concept with Mo contents between 0.4% and 0.6% and V contents between 0.1% and 0.2%. Due to the sharp increase in raw material costs, classic CrMoV steels are in the range of mass applications, such as e.g. in the automotive industry, generally no longer economically viable.

Ein alternatives Legierungskonzept ist das MnTiB-Konzept, das von wasservergütenden Stählen bekannt ist. Durch das Zulegieren von Molybdän und Wolfram zum MnTiB-Konzept, wie in der DE 10 2004 053 620 A1 vorgeschlagen, werden bei niedrigen C-Gehaken lufthärtende Eigenschaften bei hohen Bruchdehnungen erreicht. Allerdings sind bei diesen Legierungskonzepten die Rohstoffkosten für die Legierungselemente sehr hoch. Darüber hinaus ist festzustellen, dass lufthärtende Werkstoffe mit C-Gehalten zwischen 0,09 % und 0,12 % zwar bei schneller Abkühlung beachtliche Festigkeiten bis zu 1.200 MPa und eine vergleichsweise hohe Bruchdehnung bzw. Zähigkeiten durch die niedrigen C-Gehalte erreichen, allerdings im Strangguss zu überdurchschnittlich hohen Ausfallraten infolge schlechter Oberflächen neigen. Der Grund ist in der peritektischen Erstarrung zu sehen mit der Folge, dass ein Nacharbeiten des Werkstoffs notwendig ist.An alternative alloying concept is the MnTiB concept, which is known from water-hardening steels. By adding molybdenum and tungsten to the MnTiB concept, as in the DE 10 2004 053 620 A1 proposed, air-hardening properties are achieved at low C-hooks at high elongation at break. However, in these alloy concepts, the raw material costs for the alloying elements are very high. In addition, it can be stated that air-hardening materials with C contents of between 0.09% and 0.12% achieve considerable strengths of up to 1200 MPa and a comparatively high breaking elongation or toughness due to the low C contents during rapid cooling, However, in continuous casting tend to above-average failure rates due to poor surfaces. The reason is to be seen in the peritectic solidification with the result that a reworking of the material is necessary.

Hiervon ausgehend, liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Werkstück unter Verwendung einer hochfesten, lufthärtenden Stahllegierung mit einem kostengünstigen Legierungskonzept und dessen Herstellung aufzuzeigen, das sich insbesondere zur Verwendung im Kraftfahrzeugbau eignet.On this basis, the invention is based on the object to show a workpiece using a high-strength, air-hardening steel alloy with a cost-effective alloy concept and its production, which is particularly suitable for use in motor vehicle construction.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Werkstück entsprechend der Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Stahllegierung wird der C-Gehalt auf 0.11% bis 0,18 % angehoben, um höhere Festigkeiten zu erreichen und darüber hinaus, um die Nachteile einer peritektischen Erstarrung zu vermeiden. Auf diese Weise lassen sich bessere Oberflächen erzielen und Nacharbeiten vermeiden. Auch werden die Ausfallraten im Strangguss reduziert.This object is achieved by a workpiece according to the features of patent claim 1. In the steel alloy according to the invention, the C content is raised to 0.11% to 0.18% in order to achieve higher strengths and moreover to avoid the disadvantages of peritectic solidification. In this way, better surfaces can be achieved and rework avoided. Also, the failure rates are reduced in continuous casting.

Die Einstellung der Härtbarkeit bei dem Legierungstyp erfolgt primär durch Zugabe von Mangan und Chrom in Zusammenwirkung mit Titan und Niob. Wesentlich für die Erreichung einer hohen Bruchdehnung bei gleichzeitig hohen Zugfestigkeiten ist die Zugabe von Niob und die Einstellung eines geregelten N-Gehalts zusammen mit Titan, Niob und Bor sowie eine geeignete thermomechanische Behandlung des Werkstoffs. Bei dieser Vorgehensweise kann auf die kostenintensiven Legierungselemente Molybdän und Vanadium verzichtet werden.The setting of the hardenability in the alloy type is carried out primarily by adding manganese and chromium in cooperation with titanium and niobium. Essential for achieving a high elongation at break with high tensile strengths is the addition of niobium and the adjustment of a controlled N content together with titanium, niobium and boron and a suitable thermomechanical treatment of the material. In this procedure can be dispensed with the costly alloying elements molybdenum and vanadium.

Das Mikrolegierungskonzept ermöglicht bei einer angestrebten Zielfestigkeit von 1.300 MPa beispielsweise eine Steigerung der Bruchdehnung A5 von 10 % auf 16 % und zwar durch eine gezielte thermomechanische Behandlung während der Herstellung des Warmbands und auch während der Herstellung nahtloser Rohre. Die thermomechanische Behandlung sieht eine Steuerung der Walztemperaturen, Stichabnahmen und eine Steuerung der Abkühlung nach dem Walzen vor. Dadurch kann ein bainitisches Gefüge mit Bainitgehalten größer 80 % mit Korngrößen unter 10 µm und insbesondere unter 5 µm eingestellt werden, so dass sich hohe Bruchdehnungswerte ergeben. Die hohe Festigkeit kann allerdings nicht nur durch die thermomechanische Behandlung eingestellt werden, sondern auch durch eine zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung, insbesondere durch Härten und Anlassen.For example, with a target strength of 1,300 MPa, the microalloying concept allows the A5 elongation at break to be increased from 10% to 16% through targeted thermomechanical treatment during hot strip production and also during the production of seamless tubes. The thermomechanical treatment provides for control of rolling temperatures, picking and cooling control after rolling. This allows a bainitic structure with bainite contents greater than 80% with particle sizes below 10 microns and especially below 5 microns can be adjusted so that there are high elongation at break values. However, the high strength can be adjusted not only by the thermomechanical treatment, but also by an additional heat treatment, in particular by hardening and tempering.

Bei der Herstellung des Werkstücks kann ein Halbzeug der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung aus Blech oder Rohr zunächst im weichen, ferritisch-perlitischen Zustand eingesetzt werden. Dieser Zustand kann durch eine Glühbehandlung oder durch das Einstellen von geeigneten Haspeltemperaturen bei der Bandherstellung erreicht werden. Der weiche ferritisch-perlitische Zustand ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 von 500 MPa und eine hohe Bruchdehnung A5 von über 25 % und ermöglicht eine sehr gute Kaltumformung der Halbzeuge. In einer anschließenden Wärmebehandlung durch Austenitisieren oberhalb Ac3 und Abkühlen an Luft werden hohe Festigkeiten erreicht. In Abhängigkeit von der Werkstückgeometrie und der daraus resultierenden Abkühlbedingungen werden Festigkeiten Rm im Bereich 1.100 MPa bis 1.400 MPa bei Streckgrenzen im Bereich 850 MPa bis 1.050 MPa und Dehnungen A5 im Bereich 10 % - 16 % erreicht. Durch eine anschließende Anlassbehandlung können jeweils gewünschte Festigkeits-/Dehnungsverhältnisse eingestellt werden. So wird beispielsweise durch eine nachgeschaltete Anlassbehandlung bei 600 °C die Festigkeit auf 880 MPa bei einer Dehnung A5 von 16 % gesenkt.In the production of the workpiece, a semifinished product of the alloy of sheet metal or tube according to the invention can first be used in the soft, ferritic-pearlitic state. This condition can be achieved by an annealing treatment or by setting suitable reel temperatures during belt production. The soft ferritic-pearlitic state is characterized by a yield strength Rp 0.2 of 500 MPa and a high elongation at break A5 of more than 25% and allows a very good cold working of the semi-finished products. In a subsequent heat treatment by austenitizing above Ac3 and cooling in air high strengths are achieved. Depending on the workpiece geometry and the resulting cooling conditions, strengths Rm in the range from 1100 MPa to 1400 MPa are achieved at yield strengths in the range from 850 MPa to 1050 MPa and strains A5 in the range from 10% to 16%. By a subsequent tempering treatment each desired strength / expansion ratios can be adjusted. For example, a subsequent tempering treatment at 600 ° C reduces the strength to 880 MPa at an elongation A5 of 16%.

Die erhöhte Prozesssicherheit bei der Warmformung bzw. beim Härten im Umformwerkzeug ist ein wesentlicher Vorteil bei der Herstellung der Werkstücke aus der erfindungsgemäßen Stahllegierung. Hierbei kann das Problem auftreten, dass zwischen dem kalten Werkzeug und dem abzuschreckenden Strukturbauteil geometrieabhängig Luftspalte entstehen, die sich zwangsläufig nachteilig auf die Homogenität der angestrebten hohen Abkühlgeschwindigkeit im Umformwerkzeug auswirken.The increased process reliability during thermoforming or hardening in the forming tool is a significant advantage in the production of the workpieces from the steel alloy according to the invention. Here, the problem may arise that arise between the cold tool and the abhorred structural component geometry-dependent air gaps, which inevitably adversely affect the homogeneity of the desired high cooling rate in the forming tool.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Werkstück aus dem lufthärtenden Stahlwerkstoffs kann demgegenüber durch Warmformen mit einer erhöhten Prozesssicherheit hergestellt werden. Werkstücke aus üblichen wasservergüteten Werkstoffen zeigen in Bereichen, die auf Grund von Fehlern in der Werkzeuggeometrie zu ungleichmäßigen Abkühlbedingungen geführt haben, zum Teil lokale Zugfestigkeiten Rm von unter 850 MPa. Der erfindungsgemäße Werkstoff zeigt im werkzeugvergüteten Zustand demgegenüber eine homogene Zugfestigkeit von mehr als 1.300 MPa auch bei signifikanten Unregelmäßigkeiten im Prozess.In contrast, an inventive workpiece made of the air-hardening steel material can be produced by thermoforming with increased process reliability getting produced. Workpieces made of conventional water-quenched materials sometimes show local tensile strengths Rm of less than 850 MPa in areas which, due to errors in the tool geometry, led to uneven cooling conditions. In contrast, the material according to the invention exhibits a homogeneous tensile strength of more than 1,300 MPa in the tool-tempered state, even in the case of significant irregularities in the process.

Darüber hinaus besitzen erfindungsgemäße Werkstücke Vorteile hinsichtlich der Schweißbarkeit und hinsichtlich des Anlassverhaltens. Übliche Stähle für die Werkzeugvergütung, z.B. ein 25MnB5-Stahl, zeigen nachteilig im Bereich des Schweißgutes Härtespitzen und im Bereich der Wärmeeinflusszone einen Härteabfall, so dass die Bauteileigenschaften in geschweißten Bereichen deutlich verschlechtert sind, So ist z.B. bei Werkstücken aus einem 25MnB5 ein Härteabfall auf deutlich unter 300 HV zu beobachten. Schweißversuche an erfindungsgemäßen Werkstücken haben gezeigt, dass im Bereich der Schweißzone und der Wärmeeinflusszone der luftgehärteten oder werkzeugvergüteten Bauteile keine nennenswerte Aufhärtung und auch kein nennenswerter Härteabfall zu beobachten sind.In addition, workpieces according to the invention have advantages in terms of weldability and in terms of tempering behavior. Usual steels for tooling, e.g. a 25MnB5 steel show disadvantageously in the region of the weld hard toes and in the heat affected zone a hardness drop, so that the component properties are significantly deteriorated in welded areas, So is e.g. For workpieces from a 25MnB5, a drop in hardness to well below 300 HV can be observed. Welding tests on workpieces according to the invention have shown that in the area of the welding zone and the heat-affected zone of the air-hardened or tool-tempered components, no appreciable hardening and no appreciable hardness drop are to be observed.

Erfindungsgemäße warmgeformte oder luftgehärtete Werkstücke können auch Vorteile im Hinblick auf den Korrosionsschutz bieten, obwohl es im Allgemeinen schwierig ist, höchste Korrosionsschutzanforderungen bei warmgeformten Bauteilen zu realisieren. Höchste Korrosionsschutzanforderungen können durch Zinkbeschichtungen erreicht werden. Ein konventionelles elektrochemisches Verzinken von hochfesten warmgeformten Werkstücken ist nicht möglich, da es zu einer Versprödung bzw. Rissbildung durch den Wasserstoffeinfluss kommt. Eine nachgeschaltete thermische Verzinkung in einer Zinkschmelze ("Feuerverzinken") führt bei den bisher üblichen Werkstücken aus wasservergütbaren Stählen nachteilig zu einem hohen Festigkeitsabfall, der den Vergütungseffekt der Warmumformung fast vollständig aufhebt. Der Einsatz feueraluminierter Bleche hat nachteilig den deutlich schlechteren Korrosionsschutz von Aluminium gegenüber Zink, Schwierigkeiten in der Verarbeitung, beispielweise durch Entstehung von Anhaftungen an den Umformwerkzeugen, sowie hohe Kosten.Thermoformed or air hardened workpieces of the present invention may also provide corrosion protection benefits, although it is generally difficult to achieve the highest corrosion protection requirements for thermoformed components. Highest corrosion protection requirements can be achieved with zinc coatings. A conventional electrochemical galvanizing of high-strength thermoformed workpieces is not possible, since there is an embrittlement or cracking due to the influence of hydrogen. A downstream thermal galvanizing in a molten zinc ("hot dip galvanizing") leads in the hitherto customary workpieces made of water-resistant steels adversely to a high decrease in strength, which almost completely abolishes the tempering effect of the hot forming. The use of hot-dip aluminized sheets disadvantageously has the significantly poorer corrosion protection of aluminum compared to zinc, Difficulties in processing, for example, by the formation of adhesions on the forming tools, as well as high costs.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Werkstücke aus der erfindungsgemäßen Stahllegierung ermöglichen demgegenüber vorteilhaft eine thermische Verzinkung ohne wesentlichen Festigkeitsabfall. Es konnte sogar gezeigt werden, dass nach dem Feuerverzinken in einer Zink-Aluminium Schmelze bei einer Prozesstemperatur von 400 - 450 °C die Streckgrenze der warmgeformten Bauteile von 1.000 MPa auf über 1.100 MPa anstieg. Damit können vorteilhaft gleichzeitig hochfeste und hochkorrosionsbeständige Werkstücke hergestellt werden.In contrast, the workpieces according to the invention made from the steel alloy according to the invention advantageously permit thermal galvanization without substantial loss of strength. It could even be shown that after hot-dip galvanizing in a zinc-aluminum melt at a process temperature of 400-450 ° C, the yield strength of the thermoformed components increased from 1,000 MPa to over 1,100 MPa. This can be produced at the same time advantageously high-strength and highly corrosion-resistant workpieces.

Erfindungsgemäße Werkstücke zeigen weiterhin den Vorteil einer verzunderungsarmen Wärmebehandlung. Durch Lufthärtung kann die Oberfläche insgesamt besser vor Verzunderungen geschützt werden, was sich vorteilhaft auf nachfolgende Verarbeitungs- und Beschichtungsprozesse auswirkt.Workpieces according to the invention also show the advantage of low-heat-treatment. By air hardening, the surface can be better protected against scaling, which has an advantageous effect on subsequent processing and coating processes.

Erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Werkstücke eignen sich bevorzugt für nahtlose oder geschweißte Stahlrohre. Insbesondere können Werkstücke als dickwandige, Drehmoment übertragenden Bauteilen in Form von Antriebswellen, Getriebewellen oder Nockenwellen für Kraftfahrzeuge eingesetzt werden.Workpieces produced according to the invention are preferably suitable for seamless or welded steel pipes. In particular, workpieces can be used as thick-walled, torque-transmitting components in the form of drive shafts, transmission shafts or camshafts for motor vehicles.

Auf Grund der guten Schweißeigenschaften und geringem Festigkeitsabfall in der Schweißzone können erfindungsgemäße Werkstücke für den Aufbau von geschweißten oder gelöteten Baugruppen, insbesondere zur Herstellung von stoffschlüssig verbundenen Rahmenstrukturen für Kraftfahrzeuge, wie z.B. Gitterrohrrahmen, bei denen hohe Festigkeitsanforderungen auch im Bereich der Fügezone bestehen, eingesetzt werden. Ebenso können die Werkstücke vorteilhaft als Achsbauteilen für Kraftfahrzeuge verwendet werden.Due to the good welding properties and low strength drop in the weld zone, workpieces according to the invention can be used for the construction of welded or brazed assemblies, in particular for the production of materially bonded frame structures for motor vehicles, such as e.g. Grid frame, where high strength requirements also exist in the region of the joining zone, are used. Likewise, the workpieces can be used advantageously as Achsbauteilen for motor vehicles.

Erfindungsgemäße Werkstücke können für den Einsatz als Kraftfahrzeugbautelle bevorzugt in einem Umformwerkzeug zur Herstellung gehärtet werden, da sich gerade in diesem Bereich wesentliche Prozessschritte optimieren lassen.Workpieces according to the invention may preferably be used in a forming tool for use as motor vehicle construction parts be hardened, since it is precisely in this area that essential process steps can be optimized.

Die Kraftfahrzeugbauteile im gehärteten Zustand können Zugfestigkeiten Rm in einem Bereich von 1.200 MPa bis 1.500 MPa bei einer Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 > 900 MPa und bei einer Bruchdehnung A5 in einem Bereich von 8 % - 16 % besitzen. Für Formbauteile im Stahlleichtbau ergeben sich im luftharten Zustand Zugfestigkeiten Rm von > 1.000 MPa bei einer Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 > 750 MPa und bei einer Bruchdehnung A5 > 14 %.The automotive components in the cured state may have tensile strengths Rm in a range of from 1,200 MPa to 1,500 MPa at a yield point Rp 0.2> 900 MPa and at an elongation at break A5 in a range of 8% -16%. In the case of structural parts in lightweight steel construction, tensile strengths Rm of> 1,000 MPa with a yield strength Rp 0.2> 750 MPa and with an elongation at break A5> 14% result in the air-hard state.

Claims (11)

Werkstück aus einer hochfesten Stahllegierung, die in Massenanteilen aus
Kohlenstoff (C) 0,11 - 0,18
Silizium (Si) 0,10 - 0,30
Mangan (Mn) 1,60 - 2,20
Phosphor (P) < 0,0015
Schwefel (S) < 0,010
Chrom (Cr) 1,00 - 2,00
Stickstoff (N) < 0,020
Niob (Nb) 0,020 - 0,060
Bor(B) 0,001 - 0,004
Titan (Ti) 0,001 - 0,050
und Eisen sowie erschmelzungsbedingter Verunreinigungen als Rest besteht, wobei ein umformtechnischer Herstellungsschritt ausgehend von einem Halbzeug in Form eines Blechs oder Rohrs mit einem duktilen ferritisch-perlitischen Gefüge und wobei anschliessend eine Wärmebehandlung durch Austenitisieren oberhalb von Ac3 erfolgt, gefolgt von einer Abkühlung an, gefolgt von einer optionalen Anlassbehandung, wobei das auf diese Weise hergestellte Werkstück eine Zugfestigkeit Rm > 1.200 MPa bei einer Bruchdehnung A5 > 12 % aufweist.Workpiece made of a high-strength steel alloy, in mass proportions
Carbon (C) 0.11-0.18
Silicon (Si) 0.10 - 0.30
Manganese (Mn) 1.60 - 2.20
Phosphorus (P) <0.0015
Sulfur (S) <0.010
Chromium (Cr) 1.00 - 2.00
Nitrogen (N) <0.020
Niobium (Nb) 0.020-0.060
Boron (B) 0.001 - 0.004
Titanium (Ti) 0.001-0.050
and iron and melt-caused impurities as a remainder, wherein a forming process manufacturing step starting from a semifinished product in the form of a sheet or tube with a ductile ferritic-pearlitic structure and then followed by a heat treatment by austenitizing above Ac3, followed by a cooling, followed by an optional tempering treatment, wherein the workpiece produced in this way has a tensile strength Rm> 1.200 MPa at an elongation at break A5> 12%. Werkstück aus einer hochfesten Stahllegierung, mit der chemischen Zusammensetzung gemäß Patentanspruch 1, wobei ein umformtechnischer Herstellungsschritt ausgehend von einem Halbzeug in Form eines Blechs oder Rohrs mit einem duktilen ferritisch-perlitischen Gefüge mit einer Bruchdehnung A5 > 25 % bei einer Umformtemperatur unter 400 °C erfolgt und wobei anschliessend eine Wärmebehandlung durch Austenitisieren oberhalb von Ac3 erfolgt, gefolgt von einer Abkühlung an Luft mit Abkühlraten zwischen 0,5 bis 5 °C/sec, gefolgt von einer optionalen Anlassbehandung, wobei das auf diese Weise hergestellte Werkstück eine Zugfestigkeit Rm > 1.200 MPa bei einer Bruchdehnung A5 > 12 % aufweist.Workpiece made of a high-strength steel alloy, having the chemical composition according to claim 1, wherein a forming process starting from a semifinished product in the form of a sheet or tube with a ductile ferritic-pearlitic structure with an elongation at break A5> 25% at a forming temperature below 400 ° C. followed by a heat treatment by austenitizing above Ac3, followed by cooling in air with Cooling rates between 0.5 to 5 ° C / sec, followed by an optional tempering treatment, wherein the workpiece produced in this way has a tensile strength Rm> 1.200 MPa at an elongation at break A5> 12%. Werkstück aus einer hochfesten Stahllegierung, die in Massenanteilen aus
Kohlenstoff (C) 0,13 - 0,17
Silizium (Si) 0,10 - 0,30
Mangan (Mn) 1,80 - 2,10
Phosphor (P) < 0,0015
Schwefel (S) < 0,010
Chrom (Cr) 1,25 - 1,60
Stickstoff (N) < 0,020
Niob (Nb) 0,020 - 0,040
Bor (B) 0,001 - 0,004
Titan (Ti) 0,002 - 0,050
und Eisen sowie erschmelzungsbedingter Verunreinigungen als Rest besteht, wobei ein umformtechnischer Herstellungsschritt ausgehend von einem Halbzeug in Form eines Blechs oder Rohrs mit einem duktilen ferritisch-perlitischen Gefüge mit einer Bruchdehnung A5 > 25 % bei einer Umformtemperatur unter 400 °C erfolgt und wobei anschliessend eine Wärmebehandlung durch Austenitisieren oberhalb von Ac3 erfolgt, gefolgt von einer Abkühlung an Luft mit Abkühlraten zwischen 0,5 bis 5 °C/sec, gefolgt von einer optionalen Anlassbehandung, wobei das auf diese Weise hergestellte Werkstück eine Zugfestigkeit Rm > 1.200 MPa bei einer Bruchdehnung A5 > 12 % aufweist.Workpiece made of a high-strength steel alloy, in mass proportions
Carbon (C) 0.13-0.17
Silicon (Si) 0.10 - 0.30
Manganese (Mn) 1.80 - 2.10
Phosphorus (P) <0.0015
Sulfur (S) <0.010
Chromium (Cr) 1.25 - 1.60
Nitrogen (N) <0.020
Niobium (Nb) 0.020-0.040
Boron (B) 0.001 - 0.004
Titanium (Ti) 0.002-0.050
and iron and melt-related impurities as a remainder, wherein a forming process manufacturing step starting from a semifinished product in the form of a sheet or tube with a ductile ferritic-pearlitic structure with an elongation at break A5> 25% at a forming temperature below 400 ° C and followed by a heat treatment by austenitizing above Ac3, followed by cooling in air at cooling rates between 0.5 to 5 ° C / sec, followed by optional tempering treatment, the workpiece thus produced having a tensile strength Rm> 1.200 MPa at an elongation at break A5> 12%. Werkstück nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Halbzeug nahtlose oder geschweißte Rohre verwendet werden.Workpiece according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that are used as semi-finished seamless or welded tubes. Verwendung des Werkstücks nach Anspruch 4 für Drehmoment übertragende Bauteile in Form von Antriebswellen, Getriebewellen oder Nockenwellen für Kraftfahrzeuge.Use of the workpiece according to claim 4 for torque transmitting components in the form of drive shafts, transmission shafts or camshafts for motor vehicles. Verwendung des Werkstücks nach Anspruch 4 für stoffschlüssig verbundene Rahmenstrukturen für Kraftfahrzeuge.Use of the workpiece according to claim 4 for cohesively connected frame structures for motor vehicles. Verwendung des Werkstücks nach Anspruch 4 als Achsbauteil von Kraftfahrzeugen.Use of the workpiece according to claim 4 as axle component of motor vehicles. Verwendung des nach einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 3 hergestellten Werkstücks im Stahlleichtbau, wobei das Werkstück eine Streckgrenze Rp 0,2 > 750 MPa und eine Bruchdehnung A5 > 14 % aufweist.Use of the workpiece produced according to one of claims 1 to 3 in lightweight steel construction, wherein the workpiece has a yield strength Rp 0.2> 750 MPa and an elongation at break A5> 14%. Werkstück aus einer Stahllegierung entsprechend einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach Erhitzen auf eine Temperatur oberhalb Ac3 eine Warmumformung und Härtung in einem gekühlten Umformwerkzeug bei Abkühlraten > 10 °C/sec erfolgt, zur Herstellung eines Kraftfahrzeugbauteils.Workpiece made of a steel alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that after heating to a temperature above Ac3 hot forming and curing in a cooled forming tool at cooling rates> 10 ° C / sec, for the production of a motor vehicle component. Werkstück nach Patentanspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kraftfahrzeugbauteil im gehärteten Zustand eine Zugfestigkeit Rm in einem Bereich von 1.200 MPa bis 1.500 MPa, eine Streckgrenze Rp0,2 von mehr als 900 MPa und eine Bruchdehnung A5 in einem Bereich von 8 % bis 16 % aufweist.Workpiece according to claim 9, characterized in that the motor vehicle component in the hardened state has a tensile strength Rm in a range from 1200 MPa to 1500 MPa, a yield strength Rp0.2 of more than 900 MPa and an elongation at break A5 in a range from 8% to 16%. having. Werkstück nach Anspruch 1, 2, 3, 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es durch eine sich an die Umformung anschließende Schmelztauchverzinkung mit einer Zink-Basis-Beschichtung beschichtet ist, wobei die bei der Schmelztauchverzinkung verwendete Schmelze einen Zink-Anteil von mehr als 50 % enthält, dass eine Schmelzbadtemperatur von größer 380 °C eingestellt ist und, dass das verzinkte Werkstück eine Zugfestigkeit Rm in einem Bereich von 1.000 MPa bis 1.400 MPa, eine Streckgrenze Rp02 von mehr als 900 MPa und eine Bruchdehnung A5 in einem Bereich von 8 % bis 16 % aufweist.Workpiece according to claim 1, 2, 3, 9 or 10, characterized in that it is coated by a subsequent subsequent to the hot-dip galvanizing with a zinc-based coating, wherein the melt used in the hot dipping galvanizing a zinc content of more than 50% includes that a melt bath temperature of greater than 380 ° C is set and that the galvanized workpiece has a tensile strength Rm in a range of 1,000 MPa to 1,400 MPa, a yield strength Rp02 of more than 900 MPa and an elongation at break A5 in a range of 8 % to 16%.
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