Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B5/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity
  • F25B5/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. for varying refrigerating capacity arranged in parallel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
  • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
  • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
  • F24F5/0096—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater combined with domestic apparatus
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
  • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
  • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
  • F25D17/062—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation in household refrigerators
  • F25D17/065—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation in household refrigerators with compartments at different temperatures
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
  • F25D21/04—Preventing the formation of frost or condensate
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D25/00—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled
  • F25D25/02—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by shelves
  • F25D25/028—Cooled supporting means
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
  • F25D31/006—Other cooling or freezing apparatus specially adapted for cooling receptacles, e.g. tanks
  • F25D31/007—Bottles or cans
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
  • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
  • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
  • F25B2400/12—Inflammable refrigerants
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
  • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
  • F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
  • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
  • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
  • F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D11/00—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators
  • F25D11/02—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cooling compartments at different temperatures
  • F25D11/022—Self-contained movable devices, e.g. domestic refrigerators with cooling compartments at different temperatures with two or more evaporators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
  • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
  • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
  • F25D17/08—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation using ducts
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
  • F25D2317/061—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation through special compartments
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
  • F25D2317/065—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return
  • F25D2317/0651—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return through the bottom
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
  • F25D2317/065—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return
  • F25D2317/0655—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air return through the top
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
  • F25D2317/066—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply
  • F25D2317/0661—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply from the bottom
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • F25D2317/06—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation
  • F25D2317/066—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply
  • F25D2317/0665—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation characterised by the air supply from the top
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • F25D25/00—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled
  • F25D25/02—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by shelves
  • F25D25/024—Slidable shelves
  • F25D25/025—Drawers

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the technical field of cooling products or various media in particular to ensure their conservation or the cooling of a room or a cabin.
• the installation generally comprises a compressor which compresses the refrigerant then directed to a condenser at which the refrigerant is cooled.
• the refrigerant in the liquid state, is then conveyed to a regulator which supplies an evaporator at which the refrigerant is heated.
• the refrigerant in the gaseous state is redirected towards the compressor.
• the cooling unit thus constituted operates in a closed circuit. The evaporator of such a cooling unit is then the source of cold in contact with which the medium to be cooled is placed.
• the cooling unit comprises regulating means which control an intermittent operation of the compressor so as to obtain the desired temperature. at the refrigerated enclosure or the air-conditioned room.
• cooling units give full satisfaction in obtaining the desired temperatures, they nevertheless have the drawback of generating significant condensation phenomena at the level of the evaporator.
• this condensation is most often accompanied by a frost deposit on the surface of the capacitor.
• These phenomena of condensation and icing have the disadvantage of altering the humidity of the cooled environment, which can be detrimental to the preservation of certain types of food products or to the comfort of the user.
• the icing of the evaporator requires a regular defrost to the extent that frost impairs the thermal performance of the evaporator. It has therefore appeared the need for a new type of cooling unit which reduces the condensation phenomena and eliminates any risk of icing at the evaporator.
• the invention relates to a continuous cycle unit for cooling a medium or element, comprising:
• a compressor unit which is connected to the closed circuit and ensures a compression of the refrigerant
• a condenser which is connected to the closed circuit downstream of the compressor and ensures condensation of the compressed refrigerant
• an evaporator connected to the closed circuit downstream of the condenser has an exchange surface with the medium or the element to be cooled and ensures evaporation of the refrigerant; means for supplying the evaporator which are connected to the condenser; closed circuit, being arranged between the condenser and the evaporator, and provide a relaxation of the refrigerant.
• the cooling unit is characterized in that it is adapted so that, during a continuous continuous supply of the so-called positive cold evaporator, the temperature of the exchange surface of the positive cold evaporator, that is strictly greater than 0 ° C.
• the invention also relates to a process for continuous cycle cooling and closed circuit circulation of a refrigerant, the process comprising the following steps:
• the method is characterized in that the compression pressure and / or the expansion pressure is adapted so that, during a continuous continuous supply of the positive cold evaporator, the temperature of the exchange surface of the the positive cold evaporator is greater than 0 ° C.
• a prolonged continuous supply is equivalent to normal operation of the apparatus and corresponds to an uninterrupted supply of the evaporator for a period greater than one hour, or even two hours as opposed to a chopped or intermittent supply. of the evaporator.
• a continuous extended feeding period of the evaporator can also be defined as a period during which the positive cold evaporator operates in steady state or quasi stationary mode.
• the implementation of such a positive cold evaporator has the advantage of eliminating any risk of frost or ice appearing at the exchange surface of the evaporator.
• the positive temperature of the exchange surface of the evaporator substantially reduces the condensation phenomena at the exchange surface of the latter, which makes it particularly suitable for use in storage enclosures of products to be kept at positive temperatures in atmospheres with a high degree of hygrometry.
• This lack of hygrometry also makes the cooling unit according to the invention particularly suitable for air conditioning applications of living rooms or cockpit.
• the positive cold evaporator is adapted so that its exchange surface is in direct contact with the medium to be cooled without interposition of insulating material.
• the positive cold evaporator can therefore be placed directly in the enclosure to be cooled in contact with the medium or the fluid to be cooled.
• the positive cold evaporator comprises at least one refrigerant circulation channel whose inner wall is connected to the exchange surface by a material or a thermally conductive material assembly.
• the material or assembly of materials between the inner wall at the heat exchange surface will have a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 1 Wm -1 K "1. More preferably, the material or the assembly material connecting the inner wall to the heat exchange surface has a thermal conductivity greater than or equal to 10 Wm -1 K "1.
• the positive temperature of the surface of exchange of the evaporator does not result from the implementation of a material with low thermal conduction between the refrigerant circulation channel and the exchange surface of the evaporator but rather the method of construction of the supplying the evaporator of the refrigerant, in particular at the pressure reached at the outlet of the supply and expansion means associated with the evaporator and possibly the compression pressure of the refrigerant.
• the design and adjustment of the cooling unit will be carried out so that the temperature of the exchange surface of the evaporator is always positive even during continuous supply phases of the relatively large positive evaporator and greater than one hour, or even two hours as opposed to a chilled or intermittent positive cold evaporator supply for very short periods of the order of minutes or less.
• the compressor will also have a continuous operation.
• the refrigerant used for the cooling installation is selected from carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrocarbons (HC) and mixtures thereof.
• the refrigerant may also be selected from: - trifluoromethane,
• the cooling unit is adapted so that in a normal operating mode, the pressure of the refrigerant is: the compression pressure at the outlet of the compressor, between 7 bar and 17 bar and preferably between 8 bar and 15.5 bar in the case of the use of a refrigerant type R134a or between 15 bar and 28 bar in the case of the use of a refrigerant R404a type .
• the expansion pressure at the outlet of the supply means between 2 bar and 4 bar and preferably between 2.5 bar and 3.5 bar in the case of the use of a refrigerant type R134a or included between 5 bar and 7 bar in the case of the use of a type R404a refrigerant.
• the pressure values are given here in absolute bars.
• the pressure of the refrigerant at the level of the evaporator is greater than that generally used by the compressors. installations or cooling units according to the prior art. Indeed, according to the prior art, the pressure of the refrigerant at the evaporator is at values below 2 bar and most often of the order of 1.2 bar in the case of the use of a type R134a refrigerant.
• This increase of the pressure at the level of the evaporator according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the pressure difference between the inlet and the outlet of the compressor and therefore the quantity of energy necessary to reach the outlet pressure of the compressor.
• the cooling of the refrigerant at the outlet of the compressor can be carried out in any appropriate manner and thus, according to a feature of the invention, the cooling unit comprises an air condenser.
• the cooling unit comprises a water condenser being understood that said cooling unit can implement both a water condenser and an air condenser, or any other type of adapted condenser. for the use of the cooling unit.
• a cooling unit can be designed to cool different types of media or food products or not.
• the positive cold evaporator comprises an exchange surface adapted to cool air.
• the positive cold evaporator may then be in the form of a plate at which the air to be cooled will move by natural convection.
• the exchange surface may be constituted by a series of fins.
• the cooling unit also comprises forced ventilation means adapted to circulate air to be cooled at the exchange surface of the positive cold evaporator.
• the cooling unit may also comprise an evaporator for cooling the fluid contained in a circuit.
• the positive cold evaporator comprises at least one circulation channel for a fluid to be cooled, an internal wall of which forms the exchange surface of the positive cold evaporator.
• the temperature of the exchange surface of the positive cold exchanger according to the invention is greater than 0 ° C., such an evaporator exchanger Liquid cooler is particularly suitable for cooling water without the need to add antifreeze products.
• the evaporator can also be designed to provide cooling of products or elements by conduction.
• the positive cold evaporator is adapted to ensure the cooling of elements by contact and the exchange surface is then adapted to support the elements to be cooled.
• Such a contact evaporator is particularly suitable for cooling foodstuffs or products which must not be subjected to freezing while having to be kept at relatively low positive temperatures, as is the case, for example, with fish.
• the cooling unit further comprises a negative cold evaporator which is connected to the closed circuit downstream of the condenser and has an exchange surface with a medium or an element to be cooled.
• the cooling unit is then adapted so that in a normal operating mode the temperature of the exchange surface of the negative cold evaporator is less than 0 ° C.
• the invention also relates to an air conditioning device of a living room or a passenger compartment which comprises at least one cooling unit according to the invention.
• the air conditioning device comprises forced ventilation means adapted to circulate air at the exchange surface of the positive cold exchanger and to direct it inside the the room or the cockpit.
• the air conditioning device comprises means for directing a flow of air cooled by the positive cold heat exchanger to a user.
• a positive cold heat exchanger avoids too much alteration of the moisture content of the cooled air so that it can be directed directly to a person or an animal without creating a feeling of discomfort or a risk of too fast drying of the mucous membranes, such drying being generally linked to a too dry character of the air.
• the cooled air naturally having a downward movement within a hot air mass, it is then possible to cool the users located generally under the luminaire. This cooling can then be assisted or not by a fan.
• Such a combination is particularly attractive, effective and aesthetic, and also economical in energy as it directs the cold only towards users without seeking to cool their entire environment.
• the invention also relates to a cooling device of a subject comprising a surface for receiving the subject, characterized in that the receiving surface is cooled by means of a cooling unit according to the invention.
• a positive cold evaporator avoids any risk of burning or discomfort in case of direct contact of the subject with the exchange surface of the positive cold evaporator forming at least part of the receiving surface of the subject.
• the implementation of a positive cold evaporator also allows a cooling of the receiving surface of the subject by circulating a heat transfer fluid in a closed circuit which may advantageously be water.
• the positive cold evaporator according to the invention eliminates any risk of frost and therefore clogging of the water circuit at the evaporator.
• the invention also relates to a temperature-controlled storage device comprising at least one closed positive-temperature storage enclosure delimited by a peripheral wall and at least one access door.
• the storage device comprises a cooling unit according to the invention, the positive cold evaporator of which is located in relation to the positive-temperature storage chamber for cooling it.
• the implementation of a positive cold evaporator makes the storage device according to the invention particularly suitable for the preservation of products or food requiring a high degree of hygrometry without it necessarily being necessary to provide means of storage. additional humidification.
• the temperature-controlled storage device comprises a positive-temperature storage chamber and a negative-temperature storage chamber.
• the cooling unit then comprises a negative cold evaporator which is placed in relation with the negative temperature storage enclosure.
• the negative temperature air is confined in the negative temperature storage compartment.
• the storage device comprises:
• a cooling chamber which is separated from the positive-temperature storage enclosure by a partition and communicates with the storage enclosure by at least one opening an air suction opening and an air discharge opening, the positive evaporator being placed in the cooling chamber, and
• - Forced ventilation means adapted to ensure the circulation of air between the positive temperature storage chamber and the cooling chamber.
• peripheral wall comprise a double wall forming peripheral channels for the circulation of cooled air which are connected to the discharge opening and open into the storage chamber at positive temperature.
• the interposition of the cooled air circulation channels integrated in the thickness of the wall between the external environment and the inside of the positive-temperature storage chamber makes it possible to reduce or even cancel the temperature gradients. in certain directions.
• the circulation of air in these channels allows a warming of the cooled air, a heat transfer between the cooled air and the air of the enclosure as well as between the external environment and the cooled air, so as to bring the cooled air to the desired temperature before contacting the products or foods to cool or maintain at a given storage temperature.
• the cooling chamber will be located under the positive temperature storage chamber and at least a portion of the channels will open in the upper part of the positive temperature storage chamber.
• part of the circulation channels opens at an intermediate height in the storage chamber at a positive temperature, which makes it possible to define zones having different temperatures therein.
• at least some portions of the peripheral wall comprise a double wall forming peripheral air suction channels which are connected to the suction opening and comprise an inlet open air at the positive temperature storage enclosure.
• the air inlet of at least a portion of the suction channels may be located in the upper part of the storage enclosure.
• the air inlet of a portion of the suction channels may also be located at an intermediate height of the positive cold storage enclosure.
• the access door is front opening and comprises a double wall forming at least one cooled air circulation channel which is connected to the discharge opening and opens in the upper part of the storage chamber at positive temperature.
• ventilation means are adapted to ensure an upward forced circulation of the air in the storage enclosure.
• the ventilation means are adapted to ensure forced downward circulation of the air in the storage enclosure.
• the positive cold heat exchanger is located at a distance from the peripheral wall. Indeed, insofar as the exchange surface of the positive cold evaporator according to the invention has a still positive temperature, it is no longer necessary to include the positive cold evaporator in the insulating walls in order to facilitate defrosting. Thus, the assembly and disassembly of the installation are greatly facilitated since the cooling unit, and more particularly its positive cold evaporator, can be separated from the wall defining the storage enclosure without risk of rupture of the circuit containing the refrigerant.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cooling unit according to the invention, implemented in the context of an air conditioning device for a living room or a vehicle interior.
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a luminaire incorporating a positive cold evaporation of a cooling installation according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cooling device of a subject by contact.
• FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view of a storage device according to the invention comprising a positive temperature storage chamber.
• FIG. 5 is a diagrammatic section along the line IV-IV of FIG.
• FIG. 6 is a section similar to Figure 4 showing another operating mode of the storage device illustrated in Figures 4 and 5.
• - Figures 7 and 8 are sections similar to Figures 4 and 5 and illustrating an alternative embodiment of the storage device represented by the latter.
• FIG. 9 is a schematic vertical section of a storage device according to the invention, comprising a positive temperature storage chamber and a negative temperature storage chamber.
• a cooling unit designated as a whole by the reference numeral 1 comprises a closed circuit 2 inside which a refrigerant circulates in a loop in order to undergo a continuous cycle of compression therein. and relaxation.
• the cooling unit comprises a compressor 3 which will compress the refrigerant at a compression pressure between 7 bar and 17 bar, and preferably between 8 bar and 15.5 bar in the case of the use of a type R134a refrigerant.
• the high pressure refrigerant is directed by the circuit 2 to a condenser 4 at which it will cool and liquefy.
• the refrigerant is conveyed by the circuit 2 to supply means 5 of an evaporator 6.
• the supply means 5 are adapted to relax the refrigerant so as to bring it to an expansion pressure of between 2 bar and 4 bar and preferably between 2.5 bar and 3.5 bar.
• the supply means 5 can then be made in any appropriate manner, for example in the form of an expansion valve or a capillary tube whose structural characteristics have been chosen to achieve the desired relaxation values.
• the cooling unit 1 further comprises a control unit 7 controlling the operation of the compressor 3 from the information provided by a temperature sensor 8.
• the evaporator 6 may be of any suitable type and, according to the illustrated example, it is formed by a finned cooling evaporator (not shown).
• the cooling unit 1 and more particularly the operating points of the compressor 3 and the expander 5, are determined so that in normal operating mode corresponding to a prolonged continuous supply of the evaporator the temperature of the exchange surface 9 of the exchanger 6 is strictly greater than 0 ° C., so as to avoid any appearance of frost at the level of the said exchange surface 9.
• the evaporator 6 is qualified as positive cold evaporator.
• the cooling unit 1 further comprises a fan 15 ensuring a forced circulation of the air through the exchange of the positive cold evaporator 6 and the baffles 16 directing the air on the user. .
• the assembly formed of the cooling unit 1, the fan 15 and the deflector 16 then constitutes an air conditioning unit that can be implemented either in a room or as part of the air conditioning of a vehicle cabin.
• the positive cold evaporator can be associated with a luminaire 17, so that a user U located under a luminaire is cooled by natural convection.
• the use of a positive cold evaporator further has the advantage of eliminating any risk of cold burn in the event of direct contact with the exchange surface 9 of the evaporator.
• cooling unit 1 in the context of a device 19 for cooling a subject by contact as illustrated in FIG. 3.
• a device 19 comprises then a receiving surface 20 of a subject S which is cooled by means of the cooling unit 1.
• part of the surface 20 is constituted by the exchange surface 9 of the evaporator. positive cold 6.
• the cooling unit according to the invention 1 is particularly suitable for the storage and preservation of products requiring a high humidity content, for example wine. .
• Figures 4 and 5 illustrate a storage device more particularly suitable for the storage of wine bottles at a suitable storage temperature.
• the storage device designated as a whole by the reference 25 comprises an insulating peripheral wall 26 which delimits a positive-temperature storage enclosure 27.
• the enclosure 27 is open on the front and the device 25 then comprises a door 28 with front opening.
• the storage device 25 comprises a cooling unit 1 according to the invention, the positive cold evaporator 6 of which is placed in relation with the positive-temperature storage enclosure 27.
• the evaporator positive cold 6 is placed inside a cooling chamber 29 which is separated from the storage enclosure by a partition 30 having at its center air suction openings 31 and, at its periphery , an opening device 32 discharge air.
• the positive cold exchanger 6 is then associated with forced ventilation means 34 such as for example a fan 34 disposed in the cooling chamber.
• the fan 34 is designed to ensure suction of the air from the positive temperature storage chamber 27 to bring it into contact with the exchange surface 9 of the positive cold evaporator 6.
• the peripheral discharge opening 33 opens into vertical channels 35 delimited by a doubling wall 36 associated with the peripheral wall 26 and the door.
• the channels 35 open into the upper part of the storage chamber 27 so as to bring the cooled air down into the positive cold storage chamber 27 and then be taken up in the cooling chamber.
• Such an air circulation allows its heating inside the channels 35 before entering the storage chamber 27, which allows to bring it to exactly the desired temperature, while reducing or even canceling gradients of horizontal temperature within the enclosure 27.
• the temperature within the cooling chamber will be lower than that prevailing inside the positive temperature storage enclosure 27.
• the operating mode of the storage device 25 may be modified by reversing the direction of ventilation provided by the ventilation means 34.
• the air present, within the enclosure 27, a forced upward movement and is sucked in the upper part of the storage chamber 27 to be channeled by the peripheral channels 35 to the cooling chamber 29.
• the ventilation means 34 will then work at low speed. in order to induce a reduced speed of upward vertical displacement of the air in the chamber 27.
• the direction and / or the working speed of the forced ventilation means 34 can be determined at the factory or, conversely, set by the user of the storage device 25.
• FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate an alternative embodiment of the storage device shown in FIGS. 4 and 5.
• the channels for circulating the cooled air open through intermediate openings 37 at an intermediate height in the
• the rear wall of the storage device 25 comprises a double wall 38 which forms at least one or more peripheral air suction channels 39.
• These peripheral channels aspiration 39 are then connected to the suction opening 33 and comprise an open air inlet at the upper part of the storage room 27 and an air inlet open at a height intermediate of the storage enclosure 27.
• the association of the suction channels 39 and the outlets In the case of intermediate air 37 and others, it is then possible to define in the positive-temperature storage enclosure 27 two zones A and B with different storage temperatures.
• the storage device can also be designed to ensure the preservation of various foodstuffs.
• FIG. 9 illustrates a storage device comprising a negative temperature storage enclosure 40 in addition to the positive temperature storage enclosure 27.
• the cooling unit then comprises a negative cold evaporator 41 which is powered in such a way that the temperature of its exchange surface 42 is strictly less than 0 and the temperature inside the negative temperature storage chamber 40 is adapted to the preservation of frozen or frozen food for example.
• the positive cold evaporator 6 is designed so that its exchange surface 9 can receive fragile foods that can be maintained at a constant low temperature greater than 0 ° as fish P
• the evaporator 6 constitutes a contact cooler evaporator.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-11-29 FR FR0759432A patent/FR2924488A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2008
  • 2008-11-27 CN CN2008801227068A patent/CN101910753A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-11-27 WO PCT/FR2008/052146 patent/WO2009071849A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2008-11-27 EP EP08857863A patent/EP2227115A2/de not_active Withdrawn

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