EP2225408A2 - Stromlos abgeschiedene schutzschichten - Google Patents
Stromlos abgeschiedene schutzschichtenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2225408A2 EP2225408A2 EP08853518A EP08853518A EP2225408A2 EP 2225408 A2 EP2225408 A2 EP 2225408A2 EP 08853518 A EP08853518 A EP 08853518A EP 08853518 A EP08853518 A EP 08853518A EP 2225408 A2 EP2225408 A2 EP 2225408A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- coating
- substrate according
- layer
- chromium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 title description 11
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 106
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 6
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940117975 chromium trioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+6] GAMDZJFZMJECOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052574 oxide ceramic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011224 oxide ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017563 LaCrO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] UOUJSJZBMCDAEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGDYVWQEAVKKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical class O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Cr+3] OGDYVWQEAVKKDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001175 oxide dispersion-strengthened alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012048 reactive intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
- C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C18/20—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of organic surfaces, e.g. resins
- C23C18/28—Sensitising or activating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
- C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
- C23C18/50—Coating with alloys with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel
Definitions
- the fuel and an oxygen-containing oxidant for example oxygen, also in the form of air, are spatially separated and preheated via gas supply lines to the fuel cell, i. the fuel to the anode and acting as an oxidant, oxygen-containing gas to the cathode.
- oxygen ions produced at the cathode can be passed through the solid electrolyte to the fuel gas side, i. Anode, arrive. There they react with the fuel gas.
- the hot exhaust gases from the fuel cells may be passed through heat exchangers to preheat, for example, the fuels and the oxidizer.
- Chromium-base alloys and chromium-rich, ferritic steels have a good oxidation resistance, a highly conductive oxidation layer and have a coefficient of thermal expansion adapted to the solid electrolyte material.
- the chromium trioxide of the surface layer itself has only a slight electrical conductivity.
- the chromium oxide hydrates are gaseous species which can be transported through the gas space to the interface between the electrolyte and the cathode. There, the Cr (VI) compounds are deposited. This hinders the oxygen reduction at this point. A significant reduction in the performance and lifetime of the fuel cell is the result.
- PVD Physical Vapor Deposition
- DE 10 2005 015 755 A1 names the PVD methods, CVD methods and the application from the ionized state by electrochemical or chemical deposition in the form of electroplating, anodizing or electrophoretic lacquering for the application of the metallic protective layer.
- the materials used in this periphery of the fuel cells are chromium-containing steels, so that the problem of chromium vaporization also arises here.
- Volatile chromium compounds which are released in the gas supply lines and the heat exchanger can reach the fuel cells where they are just as undesirable as the chromium compounds originating from the interconnector plate.
- the object of the present invention is to propose a substrate which can be produced cost-effectively, in which sufficient chromium retention is ensured under the operating conditions of SOFC fuel cells, and to a process for producing such substrates.
- the coating Due to the electroless deposition of the coating is achieved in comparison to the chemical deposition improved quality of the coating. In addition, the coating can be applied at higher coating rates.
- a substrate is obtained in which the chromium retaining layer can be produced inexpensively.
- the metallic elements used to form the substantially chromium-free coating are preferably selected from copper, cobalt, manganese, iron, nickel and zinc. Mixtures of these metallic elements can also be used.
- the aforementioned metals are also particularly recommended from the point of view of matched thermal shear coefficients of expansion of their oxides. Likewise, their electrical conductivity is advantageous.
- the electroless plating of the present invention also exhibits good adhesion to the substrate, particularly a steel substrate.
- the substrate according to the invention is formed as a sheet material.
- the invention is also applicable with very great advantages in complex component geometries, as e.g. may occur in pipelines and even greater extent in the components of the heat exchangers, in particular their contact surfaces, are required.
- the electrolessly deposited coatings do not know any preferred directions, i. Even with complex geometry of the substrate surface uniform layer thicknesses can be achieved.
- the coating of the substrate according to the invention preferably has a layer thickness of 2 ⁇ m or more, in particular 7 ⁇ m or more.
- the electroless deposition makes it particularly easy to generate homogeneous layer thicknesses of the coating.
- the substrate according to the invention can be produced such that the surface of the coating on the side facing away from the substrate has a lower surface roughness than that of the uncoated substrate surface.
- the uncoated surface of the substrate is first seeded with a catalyst.
- a catalyst Precious metals in particular are suitable for this, in particular Pd and / or Pt are suitable.
- a metallic chromium-containing substrate generally recommend temperature and corrosion resistant ferritic steel substrates, in particular of materials such as Crofer22APU (manufacturer ThyssenKrupp, Germany), F17TNb or F18MT (manufacturer Imphy Ugine Precision, France) and so-called super alloys or ODS alloys, eg ITM -Il (manufacturer Plansee SE, Austria), in particular if the substrates are to be used as interconnector plates.
- materials such as Crofer22APU (manufacturer ThyssenKrupp, Germany), F17TNb or F18MT (manufacturer Imphy Ugine Precision, France) and so-called super alloys or ODS alloys, eg ITM -Il (manufacturer Plansee SE, Austria), in particular if the substrates are to be used as interconnector plates.
- austenitic steels such as e.g. Use grade 1.4301 as the coefficient of thermal expansion is less critical here. Furthermore, the conductivity of the coating plays no role, so that steel grades with aluminum and / or silicon contents of more than 1 wt.% Are used without problems.
- layer thicknesses in the range of a few ⁇ m are often sufficient. Larger layer thicknesses can, however, be chosen without disadvantages with regard to the thermal expansion coefficients and the electrical conductivity. Such larger layer thicknesses (eg, about 100 .mu.m) can be used to compensate for manufacturing tolerances of the substrate and to achieve increased planarity of the surface of the substrate that comes into contact with one of the electrodes during assembly of the fuel cell stack. This results in an improved electrical contact between the interconnector plate and the respective electrode.
- a mixed oxide is formed when the coating is converted into an oxide layer, including the metal oxide / metal oxides present in the MO x -containing layer.
- MnO x , CuO x , NiO x and FeO x -containing layers are used in combination with a co-based coating.
- this mixed oxide layer can be optimized with regard to its electrical conductivity and its thermal expansion coefficient by varying the metal oxides involved.
- the formation of the mixed oxide layer also forces the formation of a Cr-containing spinel layer in the region of the contact surface of the substrate and the coating or even substantially completely avoids it.
- the invention further relates to a substrate obtained by the process according to the invention.
- Another aspect of the present invention resides in the use of a substrate according to the invention as interconnector material in an SOFC fuel cell stack.
- FIG. 1a is an enlarged detail of a sectional view of the interconnector plate obtained in the method according to FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3b shows the SOFC fuel cell of FIG. 3a combined with an interconnector plate according to the invention
- the rate of deposition in the electroless deposition can be selected higher than in the electrodeposition. If the current density and hence the deposition rate is increased in the case of the electrodeposition described in Comparative Example 1, there is a risk that the uniformity of the deposition and thus the uniformity of the layer thickness suffers.
- Substrates 10 prepared according to Examples 1 and 2 with a Co coating 12 were treated at a temperature in the range from about 800 to about 1000 ° C. in an oxidative atmosphere with holding times of about 10 hours.
- the metallic coating 12 deposited without external current transforms into a compact oxide layer 14 (see FIG.
- FIG. 1a shows the layer structure obtained in the oxidation treatment in detail. Between the cobalt oxide layer 14 and the surface of the crofter 22APU substrate 10, a thin Cr 2 O 3 layer 16 forms on the side of the substrate 10, while a Cr-Mn spinel layer 18 is formed on the side of the oxide layer 14 becomes.
- a reactive intermediate layer (Co-Cr spinel) may still come between the layers 14 and 18 (not shown).
- the layer thickness of the Co oxide layer 14 essentially corresponds to the layer thickness of the previously applied Co layer 12.
- Examples 1 and 2 prepared substrates 10 with a co-coating-12 were wet-chemically with an MnO x -containing layer 20 is coated (see FIG. 2).
- a dispersing agent e.g., Dolapix ET 85
- binder e.g., polyvinyl acetate, PVAC
- Example 3 After evaporation of the EtOH portions of the suspension, the substrates thus obtained were subjected to an oxidative temperature treatment as described in Example 3. In this case, mixed oxide layers 22 were formed which, compared to the oxide layers obtained in Example 3, had better electrical conductivity and thermal expansion coefficients better adapted to the properties of the anode material. The formation of Co-Cr-spinel layers can in this case largely be pushed back completely.
- FIG. 3 a schematically shows the structure of an SOFC fuel cell 30 with an anode 32, a solid electrolyte 34 and a cathode 36.
- the anode 32, the solid electrolyte 34 and the cathode 36 are constructed as directly adjacent layers.
- the anode layer of the anode 32 is composed of a porous anode substrate and an anode functional layer of lower porosity, but the anode functional layer is still gas permeable.
- the layer of the cathode 36 is formed of porous oxide ceramic and has a layer thickness which is often in the range of about 10 to about 60 microns.
- the material of the oxide ceramic of the cathode layer is selected, for example, from (La, Sr) MnO 3 or (La, Sr) CoFeO 3 .
- FIG. 3 b schematically shows the fuel cell 30 provided with an interconnector plate 38 on the side of its cathode 36.
- the interconnector plate 38 has a corrugated structure with fins 40, between which gas channels 42 extend.
- the guided in the channels 42 gas supplies the cathode with an oxygen-containing oxidant, such as air.
- Preferred interconnector plates 50 are shown in FIG. They are made from a sheet substrate and have a corrugated structure 52 in the region in which they are in contact with electrodes of the fuel cells.
- the channels 54 provided on one side of the sheet substrates can be used to supply the oxidizing agent to a cathode, while the channels 56 provided on the opposite side of the sheet substrate serve to supply the fuel to an anode.
- the substrates of the invention can be used advantageously not only as interconnector plates as described above, but beyond even with considerable advantages as Gaszu- and -ableitonne for the fuel gases (fuel gas, oxygen-containing gas, exhaust gases) of the fuel cell and components of heat exchangers, by means of which the fuel gases and oxygen-containing gases are heated to a temperature similar to the operating temperature of the fuel cell.
- the heat content of the exhaust gases is advantageously used.
- FIG. 1 A schematic representation of such a fuel cell system 100 according to the invention is shown in FIG.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes an SOFC fuel cell stack 102 which is supplied with fuel gas or an oxidant (e.g., air) via fuel gas supply lines 104, 106. These gases supplied to the system via lines 108, 110 are first brought to a temperature close to the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack 102 via heat exchangers 112, 114 before being supplied thereto.
- fuel gas or an oxidant e.g., air
- the gases derived from the system i. on the one hand consumed oxidizing agent (oxygen-depleted air) and fuel gas with a proportion of water and a residual content of fuel gas are discharged via leads 116, 118 from the fuel cell stack, passed through heat exchangers 120, 122 and then, in the case of the fuel offgas, to the fuel supply line 108 returned and thermally conditioned again via the heat exchanger 112 or in the case of the spent oxidant, ie the oxygen-depleted air, removed as exhaust air from the system.
- oxygen-depleted air oxygen-depleted air
- fuel gas with a proportion of water and a residual content of fuel gas are discharged via leads 116, 118 from the fuel cell stack, passed through heat exchangers 120, 122 and then, in the case of the fuel offgas, to the fuel supply line 108 returned and thermally conditioned again via the heat exchanger 112 or in the case of the spent oxidant, ie the oxygen-depleted air, removed as exhaust air from the system
- the heat recovered in the heat exchangers 120, 122 may be used to thermally condition the oxidant (s) in the heat exchangers 112, 114, respectively, and therefore, in some systems, the heat exchanger units 112, 114, and 120, 122 are combined in one block ,
- the electrical lines and the control lines and control systems have been omitted in FIG. 5, since these are of no significance for the explanation of the invention.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007058907A DE102007058907A1 (de) | 2007-11-30 | 2007-11-30 | Chromhaltiges, metallisches Substrat und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| DE102008032498A DE102008032498A1 (de) | 2008-07-05 | 2008-07-05 | Stromlos abgeschiedene Schutzschichten |
| PCT/EP2008/066477 WO2009068674A2 (de) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-28 | Stromlos abgeschiedene schutzschichten |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2225408A2 true EP2225408A2 (de) | 2010-09-08 |
Family
ID=40679058
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08853518A Withdrawn EP2225408A2 (de) | 2007-11-30 | 2008-11-28 | Stromlos abgeschiedene schutzschichten |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2225408A2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009068674A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103548192A (zh) * | 2011-05-26 | 2014-01-29 | 托普索燃料电池股份有限公司 | 固体氧化物燃料电池的电阳极还原 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AUPN173595A0 (en) * | 1995-03-15 | 1995-04-06 | Ceramic Fuel Cells Limited | Fuel cell interconnect device |
| DE19836352A1 (de) * | 1998-08-11 | 2000-02-17 | Siemens Ag | Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle mit Nickelnetz und Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzellenstapel mit einer solchen Zelle |
| EP1978582A1 (de) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-08 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elektroden zur Verwendung in einer Brennstoffzelle |
-
2008
- 2008-11-28 WO PCT/EP2008/066477 patent/WO2009068674A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-11-28 EP EP08853518A patent/EP2225408A2/de not_active Withdrawn
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| Title |
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| None * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009068674A2 (de) | 2009-06-04 |
| WO2009068674A3 (de) | 2009-10-15 |
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