Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
  • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
  • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
  • H01B7/0225—Three or more layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
  • B32B1/08—Tubular products
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
  • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/28—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42
  • B32B27/281—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising synthetic resins not wholly covered by any one of the sub-groups B32B27/30 - B32B27/42 comprising polyimides
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
  • B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
  • B32B27/322—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins comprising halogenated polyolefins, e.g. PTFE
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
  • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
  • H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
  • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
  • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
  • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
  • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
  • H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/10—Coating on the layer surface on synthetic resin layer or on natural or synthetic rubber layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
  • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
  • B32B2307/206—Insulating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
  • B32B2307/402—Coloured
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
  • B32B2307/554—Wear resistance
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/75—Printability
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
  • B32B2457/04—Insulators
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
  • B32B2605/18—Aircraft
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
  • H01B7/36—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks
  • H01B7/361—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks being the colour of the insulation or conductor
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
  • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
  • H01B7/36—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks
  • H01B7/365—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with distinguishing or length marks being indicia imposed on the insulation or conductor

Definitions

• This application relates to cable construction. More particularly, the present invention relates to a layered insulation for cables.
• Some of the critical performance attributes that must be maintained by the wire/insulation combination include thermal mechanical performance, arc resistance, UV-Laser mark-ability, abrasion resistance, dynamic cut-through resistance and smooth surfacing.
• polyimide tapes including pure polyimide tapes and TeflonTM (fluoropolymer) coated polyimide tapes, have been used as primary insulators.
• the polyimide provides a number of advantageous properties, including good mechanical and insulating properties.
• the polyimides need to be applied as tapes instead of by melt extrusion processing because the high molecular weight polyimidies, needed for the performance characteristics, make it very difficult to extrude.
• polyimide tapes aside from the majority of their advantageous properties, do suffer from poor dry and wet arc resistance tracking. Although later versions of the polyimidie tapes have fluoropolymer coatings with improved arc tracking, they are still not ideal for meeting the desired arc resistance standards.
• Fluoropolymers including TeflonTM are known to have a good arc resistance properties and are thus commonly used in a second layer over the primary insulation in wires for airframe applications.
• unsintered PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene - Teflon TM
• airframe wires are both smooth and printable (e.g. using UV laser printing).
• additives particularly titanium dioxide, and other related materials (pigments) are added to the PTFE insulation tape.
• titanium dioxide and other related materials (pigments) are added to the PTFE insulation tape.
• these added materials although they allow for easy UV laser marking, often times reduce other essential properties of the cable, including arc resistance properties.
• the common additive of titanium dioxide is used because it enhances the UV laser markability (enhances marking contrast level) of fluoropolymers (PTFE), but it is also good at sustaining electrical arcs and thus simultaneously reduces the arc resistance of the wire.
• Another one of the performance attributes that is desirable in this industry is a smooth surface wire which at least maintain the current AS22759/80-82, and 86-92 performance levels (industry standards for airframe cables).
• the wire are not edgeless and smooth and because of the impurities added to the PTFE for marking purposes as noted above, they do not perform well in the wet arc resistance tests.
• typical current specifications for air frame wires only require that the wire pass "wet-arc track" at 90% and 85% for medium and thin wall respectively.
• the present invention overcomes the drawbacks associated with the prior art by providing a wire having a conductor coated with a primary insulation layer and a secondary insulation layer. Over the secondary insulation layer a third thin layer is applied, where this third layer is provided with a various marking an color additives so as to make the outer surface both smooth and markable as well as to remove the need for placing such additives in the primary and secondary insulation layers.
• the overall insulation system may be formulated for improved mechanical and electrical performance. For example, doping only the outer thin third layer of PTFE insulation with titanium dioxide and coloring additives and leaving the secondary insulation layer as natural (pure and free of additives) PTFE.
• the doping of the thin third layer of insulation may be achieved by adding the third layer through melt extrusions, wrapping, coating or by treating the outer surface of secondary insulation layer by other means.
• One example is a fusion process where the UV laser sensitizer (titanium dioxide) and the coloring additives are added to the outer third layer of insulation.
• the pure PTFE secondary insulation tape may be made thinner allowing for more latitude in the formation of the primary insulation layer, such as in the composition of the tape used.
• this improved arc tracking performance from the PTFE secondary insulation layer allows for the overall polyimide concentration in the insulation of the wire, such as the polyimide component of the primary insulation tape layer relative to the fluoropolymer component, to be increased, thus achieving better thermal and mechanical performance without compromising the arc resistance performance.
• the present invention provides for a wire having a conductor, a primary insulation layer and a secondary insulation layer.
• a third insulation layer is applied over said second insulation layer, where said third insulation layer includes the only marking additives used in the three insulation layers of said wire.
• Figure 1 is a prior art airframe wire (AS22759/80-82, 86-92);
• Figure 2 illustrates a multi-layer insulation air frame cable, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 3 illustrates a multi-layer insulation air frame cable, in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
• a wire (or cable) 10 is provided having a conductor core 12 and insulation layer 20.
• wire 10 is typically for use in airframe applications, however the invention is not limited in this respect.
• Conductor core 12 for wire 10 as shown in Figure 1 is a plurality of stranded conductor elements 14.
• each conductor element 14 is comprised of 19 strands of 32 AWG nickel plated copper (19x32, 20 American Wire Gauge NPC conductor).
• individual conductor elements 14 may be made from any other conductor materials that are suitable for the desired application.
• the features of the present invention related to the insulation layer 20, described below, may be applied to single conductor core 12 of solid (only one element) construction.
• insulation layer 20 is comprised of a first primary insulation layer 22, a secondary insulation layer 24 and a coating layer 26.
• primary insulation layer 22 is preferably formed using composite tape (e.g. DuPontTM 120 TW T 561) having an overall thickness of substantially 0.0012."
• composite tape e.g. DuPontTM 120 TW T 561
• modified PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
• a tape used for primary insulation layer may simply be an un-coated polyimide tape.
• such a tape is helically wrapped at substantially 51% - 54% overlap, preferably 53% overlap, over conductor core 12.
• the wrapping at about 50% overlap translates into a thickness of primary insulation layer being approximately two times the thickness of the tape.
• Such a design for primary insulation later 22 is used in exemplary fashion to demonstrate the salient features of the invention. However, it is understood that other manners of applying primary insulation layer 22 to conductor core 12 may also be utilized within the context of the present invention.
• Secondary insulation layer 24 is preferably formed using a wrapped tape made from natural unsintered PTFE which is substantially 0.0015" - 0.0020" in thickness, but may be in the range of 0.0005" - 0.004".
• tapes used for secondary insulation layer 24 are made of natural PTFE with no additives, however they may be made from modified PTFE with additives of 4% or less of titanium dioxide and/or 10% or less of other additives by weight. Such tapes may be in the form of skived, unsintered cast or expanded form.
• the PTFE tape would have no additives to take advantage of the benefits provided by the third insulation layer 26 as explained below, it is possible that some small amount of additives (or possible impurities) may still be present without compromising the benefits of the present invention.
• this tape is also helically wrapped at substantially 51% - 54% overlap, preferably 53% overlap, over primary insulation layer 22.
• secondary insulation layer does not contain any additives, such as marking additives and thus provides very high arc-resistance properties to over all cable insulation 20.
• Such a design for secondary insulation later 24 is used in exemplary fashion to demonstrate the salient features of the invention.
• primary insulation layer 22 it is understood that other manners of applying secondary insulation layer 24 over primary insulation layer 22 may also be utilized within the context of the present invention.
• a third insulation layer 26 is applied over the outside of secondary insulation layer 24.
• it may be applied by means of a fusion where the PTFE is applied using a surface treatment and then fused to the outer surface of secondary insulation layer 24.
• third insulation layer 26 is preferably applied in several iterations, each iteration preferably being a layer of substantially 0.0001" - 0.0004" in thickness. Each application iteration may be in the range of 0.00005" - 0.001". It is also understood that third layer 26 may also be applied in other manners, such as melt extrusions, wrapping or coating.
• the fusion coating material (PTFE fusion coating layer 26) is formulated to give color to the wire, and to have wire 10 UV laser printable on its surface.
• the PTFE layer may include the marking additives, such as titanium dioxide.
• outer coating or third insulation layer 26 being applied by fusion coating, has the additional advantage that it smoothes over the helical indentations in secondary insulation (which is a wrapped PTFE tape) which not only makes it easier for marking, but also removes the edges (caused by the wrapping of the tape) so as to improve abrasion resistance and to avoid instances of the tape insulation being caught or unwound accidentally by physical environmental hazards.
• secondary insulation which is a wrapped PTFE tape
• primary insulation layer 22 is made from a tape having a polyimide substrate that is coated with modified PTFE on both sides of the polyimide base film.
• This tape may then be helically wrapped at substantially 63% - 70% overlap, preferably 65% overlap, over conductor core 12.
• the wrapping of the tape for primary insulation layer 22 at substantially 65% overlap not only results in an overall thickness of primary insulation layer to be three times the thickness of the tape, but it also results in a more smoothly contoured outer surface.
• Secondary insulation layer 24, wrapped thereover, is formed from natural unsintered PTFE tape which is substantially 0.0015" in thickness or less. Again, this tape is helically wrapped at substantially 65% overlap over primary insulation layer 22. Because secondary insulation layer 24 is made of pure PTFE with no marking additives, it may be made using a lesser thickness than normal because it can achieve the desired insulation and mechanical properties with lesser thickness owing to its pure, non-marking additives formulation. Additionally, the winding at substantially 65% results in a more smoothly contoured outer surface.
• an third coating layer 26 is applied as a final outer layer over primary insulation layer 24 for example, by means of PTFE fusion coating described above.
• This third insulation layer 26 may be applied in several iterations, each of substantially 0.0001" - 0.0004" in thickness.
• wire 10 has identical conductor core 12, primary insulation layer 22 and secondary insulation layer 24 as shown in Figure 2.
• third insulation layer (or coating layer) 26 is a helically wrapped PTFE tape of substantially 0.0015" thickness, applied at substantially 10% overlap.
• the PTFE used for this layer is formulated to give color to wire 10 and to have wire 10 UV laser printable on its surface, such as by the inclusion of titanium dioxide additives.
• an additional internal fusion coating layer 23 may be added between primary insulation layer 22 and secondary insulation layer 24.
• a fusion coating layer 23 is applied over primary insulation layer 24.
• This inner fusion coating layer 23 is preferably applied in multiple iterations, where each iteration is preferably substantially 0.0001" - 0.0005" in thickness. Each application iteration may be in the range of 0.00005" - 0.001".
• Inner coating layer 23 is advantageously arranged to covers and seal primary insulation layer 22 while at the same time providing smooth and edgeless surface as a base for secondary insulation layer 24. This improves the overall smoothness of the outer surface of cable 10.
• secondary insulation layer 24 and fusion coating layer 26 may be applied as above.
• outer fusion coating layer 26 provides an opportunity for wire 10 designers to have an optimum formulation that allows for good laser contrast levels used for marking.
• the high laser print contrast level on the surface of wire 10 is highly desirable in the industry.
• Third insulation layer 26 also provides the surface smoothness to wire 10 which is also highly desired in the industry.
• the separation of the marking components into a thin fusion applied third insulation layer 26 from the underlying secondary insulation layer 24 made from PTFE tape also allows designers of wire 10 additional freedom to explore new wire designs with unique properties.
• one such performance attribute is the "dynamic cut-thru” performance wire.
• the "dynamic cut-thru” performance designed to measure the ability of a cable or wire insulation to resist being cut by a sharp edge and thus shorting in an in-service environment, is primarily determined by amount of polyimide material present in the insulation 20, such as in primary insulation layer 22.
• polyimide material is a detriment to the "Wet Arc Resistance” performance of cable 10, thus necessitating the PTFE coating on primary tape as well as secondary insulation layer 24.
• the polyimide component in primary insulation layer 22 may be increased in order to increase the mechanical property of the insulation (i.e. dynamic cut-thru) while still meeting the "wet arc resistance” performance standards.
• This flexibility is not possible with current existing wire system, such as those specified in AS22759/80-/82, /86-/92 and BMS-1360.
• Another advantage of the present invention is that that the separate and discrete design of the secondary insulation layer 24 of pure PTFE tape and the thin third insulation layer 26 provides freedoms to use alternative fluoropolymers in third layer 26 in wire 10 such as PFA (Perfluoroalkoxy), MFA (Perfluoromethylvinylether), ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene or TefzelTM), and FEP (Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene) to achieve better abrasion and dynamic cut-through resistant properties while maintaining desirable arc-tracking performance.
• PFA Perfluoroalkoxy
• MFA Perfluoromethylvinylether
• ETFE Ethylene Tetrafluoroethylene or TefzelTM
• FEP Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene
• the discrete coating layer 26 also allows engineers to design a formulation using nano-fillers in this layer without the problem of fully exfoliating the nano-fillers (nano fillers are often agglomerated, and difficult to disperse in compounding process) which could further improve this fusion coating layer 26 regarding its own mechanical, thermal mechanical, and flame performances while maintaining the good arc-resistance based on the primary and secondary layers 22 and 24. While only certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes or equivalents will now occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore, to be understood that this application is intended to cover all such modifications and changes that fall within the true spirit of the invention.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
• Insulated Conductors (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-12-05 CA CA2707825A patent/CA2707825A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2008-12-05 WO PCT/IB2008/055669 patent/WO2009083934A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2008-12-05 EP EP08866021A patent/EP2220656A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2008-12-05 CN CN2008801194810A patent/CN101889316A/zh active Pending
  • 2008-12-05 RU RU2010128109/07A patent/RU2010128109A/ru unknown
  • 2008-12-05 BR BRPI0819973A patent/BRPI0819973A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation

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