EP2206604A1 - Tintenbehälter - Google Patents
Tintenbehälter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2206604A1 EP2206604A1 EP09150436A EP09150436A EP2206604A1 EP 2206604 A1 EP2206604 A1 EP 2206604A1 EP 09150436 A EP09150436 A EP 09150436A EP 09150436 A EP09150436 A EP 09150436A EP 2206604 A1 EP2206604 A1 EP 2206604A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ink
- container
- opening
- chamber
- ink chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
- B41J2/175—Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
- B41J2/17503—Ink cartridges
- B41J2/17513—Inner structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
- B41J2/175—Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
- B41J2/17503—Ink cartridges
- B41J2/17556—Means for regulating the pressure in the cartridge
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
- B41J2/01—Ink jet
- B41J2/17—Ink jet characterised by ink handling
- B41J2/175—Ink supply systems ; Circuit parts therefor
- B41J2/17563—Ink filters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an ink container, in particular for a printhead of an inkjet printer, according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
- the built-up space of the ink cartridge must be kept free as far as possible for receiving the ink liquid.
- a vacuum cartridge It is generally a system for the targeted delivery of suitably large quantities of ink, in which the ink is prevented in the system via pressure conditions at the outflow.
- Another type of cartridge is a so-called sponge cartridge.
- a sponge cartridge is generally a system for selectively dispensing suitably large quantities of ink, wherein the ink in the system is prevented from flowing out of the cavity by filling a porous element, such as a sponge body.
- the sponge body is capable of receiving ink and releasing it in appropriate doses. However, the sponge body occupies volume that can not be used to fill with ink.
- the DE 196 03 195 A1 discloses an ink container which is particularly suitable for a printhead of an ink jet printer.
- the ink container initially has an ink chamber for directly receiving ink, which has a discharge opening for the ink.
- an element for braking the outflow of ink in the form of a screen which is provided in the ink chamber in the region of the discharge opening and which thus forms an ink outlet.
- the known ink container has another container member provided inside the ink chamber above the discharge opening. In order to exploit the phenomenon of negative pressure, the container element communicates via at least one transition opening with the ink chamber.
- a porous material is provided, wherein the container element is additionally provided or connected to a ventilation device.
- Other, but similar solutions are in the DE 43 28 001 C2 or the EP 0 580 433 A1 described.
- the known solutions have disadvantages.
- the full pressure of the ink liquid stored in the respective ink chambers is always applied to the screen functioning as the ink outlet. As a result, sooner or later, the ink containers will leak undesirably.
- the present invention therefore has the object of providing an ink container of the type mentioned in such a way that the disadvantages can be prevented.
- an ink container is to be provided in which the ink chamber can be filled with the largest possible amount of ink, while at the same time an undesirable leakage of ink can be prevented.
- a solution is provided, as in a particularly simple way, a vacuum system in an ink container, such as an ink cartridge can be realized.
- this vacuum system can be made, for example, by conversion from an already used sponge cartridge or vacuum cartridge.
- a suitable method for a corresponding conversion is also provided.
- Features and details described in connection with the ink tank according to the invention of course, also apply in connection with the conversion process described below, and vice versa.
- a corresponding vacuum system can also be manufactured by manufacturing in a new ink container, such as a new ink cartridge.
- an ink tank in particular for a print head of an ink jet printer, comprising an ink chamber for receiving ink having a discharge opening for the ink, with an element for braking the outflow of ink provided in the ink chamber in the region of the discharge opening and which at least partially forms an ink outlet, with a container element inside the ink chamber is provided, the container interior communicates via at least one transition opening with the ink chamber and in which a porous material is provided, with a ventilation device for the container element.
- the ink container according to the invention is characterized in that at least the ink outlet formed by the ink discharge inhibiting member is provided spaced from the discharge opening within the ink chamber such that the container member is disposed at least around the ink outlet formed by the ink discharge inhibiting member, in that the porous material bears at least on the ink outlet formed by the ink discharge inhibiting element, and in that the transfer point of ink formed by the transfer port from the ink chamber into the container element is provided below the ink outlet formed by the ink discharge braking element.
- the present invention is directed to an ink container which may be, in particular, an ink cartridge.
- an ink container may be intended in particular for a printhead of an inkjet printer.
- the ink tank initially has an ink chamber for receiving ink.
- the ink chamber is / is filled with ink and preferably represents a non-directly ventilated space.
- the ink chamber has a discharge opening, through which the ink can be discharged to the outside, for example to the printhead of an inkjet printer.
- an element for braking the outflow of ink which brakes the outflow of the ink to a suitable extent.
- This element is provided in the ink chamber in the region of the removal opening and at least partially forms an ink outlet.
- the present invention is not limited to particular embodiments of such an element.
- such an element can be a sieve or a filter, in which case advantageously at least that of the element for braking the outflow of Ink formed ink outlet is designed as a sieve or filter.
- Advantageous, but not exclusive examples of the design of such elements will be explained in more detail in the course of the description.
- the ink container has another container member provided inside the ink chamber.
- the container interior of this second container element is connected to the ink chamber via at least one transition opening. It is advantageously provided that the ink chamber and the container element via the transition opening according to the physical principle of the connected vessels communicate with each other. This physical principle states that in connected vessels the liquid is the same everywhere.
- the porous material is provided in the form of a capillary body, in particular as a sponge body.
- the porous material is provided only in the form of a single body.
- the further container element with the porous material therein serves, in particular, for delaying the flow rate, as a pressure equalization container and for aeration for the remaining ink container space, in particular the ink chamber.
- the porous material thus acts for ventilation. At the same time its storage effect and its braking effect is used.
- the ink container also has a ventilation device for the container element.
- the invention is not limited to specific embodiments of such a ventilation device.
- some advantageous but not exclusive examples are described.
- the container element has a ventilation opening.
- This ventilation opening may, for example, be connected to a ventilation opening in the ink chamber, preferably via a ventilation pipe.
- the ventilation opening in the ink chamber then does not serve for ventilation of the ink chamber itself, but it is in communication with the ventilation opening of the container element. If there are two different ventilation holes, these are preferably connected to each other via a ventilation tube.
- the present invention is not limited to specific embodiments of such a ventilation tube.
- the ventilation pipe can go straight up. But there are also other embodiments conceivable.
- the ventilation pipe can also lead upwards in the form of a spiral or even several loops. In such a configuration, for example, when transporting a portable printer with a corresponding ink cartridge, it may be prevented that ink could possibly rise up through the vent when the device is turned upside down.
- the further container element is pulled to the wall of the ink chamber, for example a lid of the ink chamber.
- the two vents could be in the form of a single vent and a vent tube could be eliminated.
- the container element is advantageously opened only as far as the wall of the ink chamber, for example the lid, as far as it is useful for the ventilation of the ink container.
- a useful for ventilation opening can be introduced, or the container element is to extend through the lid.
- the present invention is not limited to specific embodiments for the further container element. It is advantageously provided that the container element occupies only a small volume within the ink chamber. It is preferably provided that the size ratio of the ink chamber to the container element is greater than 3: 1, preferably greater than 4: 1. In the inventive Ink container, it is possible ratios of more than 3: 1 to break, that is to accommodate more ink in a larger ink chamber, and to make the space of the container element, which also performs the function of a kind of brake chamber, smaller in proportion.
- the container element may have container boundaries that define the container interior in which the porous material is located.
- a container boundary can be formed, for example, as a cover element.
- this cover element is advantageously the ventilation opening.
- Another container boundary may be formed, for example, as a floor element.
- this bottom element is advantageously the transition opening between the ink chamber and the container element.
- embodiments are conceivable in which one or both of the aforementioned openings are arranged or formed in a side wall of the container element.
- the transition opening may be formed in a boundary wall bounding the container interior of the container.
- the transition opening may constitute a boundary surface bounding the container interior of the container.
- the transition opening could advantageously extend over the entire surface of the floor member so that no stand-alone floor member is provided, but instead only a floor boundary surface formed by the transition opening.
- the container element is thus formed as a downwardly open space.
- the opening, or the transition opening lie in the direction of the removal opening.
- the container element can advantageously be supported on the inside of the housing of the ink chamber via support elements.
- the ink container according to the present invention has a number of advantages.
- the law of the connected vessels is braked upwards by the increased braking action of the upper sponge.
- only one element of porous material is required.
- an additional pressure reduction for example by the relieving vent tube, created, which in particular helps to create a chamber ratio of more than 3: 1.
- porous material instead of using two different sponges only one body of porous material is that the porous material, as will be explained in more detail below, can leak freely into the ink chamber. This is supported by the largest possible transfer point.
- the ventilation opening is formed opposite to the transition opening.
- At least the ink outlet formed by the element for braking the outflow of ink is provided at a distance from the removal opening within the ink chamber. That is, the element is arranged in the ink chamber in such a manner that at least the ink outlet formed by the element is located above the discharge opening.
- the container element is arranged at least around the ink outlet formed by the element for braking the outflow of ink.
- the ink outlet formed by the element for braking the outflow of ink is provided within the container interior of the container element, or at the level of a container boundary limiting the container interior, or at the level of the transition opening within the transition opening.
- Around the element, which delays the outflow of the ink in a suitable manner, is thus around another container element, which may be formed, for example, as a kind of shell attached, which above a space from the remaining space, the ink chamber, the ink tank, for example, to towards the wall of the ink chamber, up to the lid.
- This container member extends downwardly at least to the height of the element appropriately retarding the outlet of the ink, or advantageously also slightly below it, but leaves a suitable connection, preferably at the bottom, so that the ink flows in a suitable manner between the two spaces formed in the ink container can.
- the porous material rests at least on the ink outlet formed by the element for braking the outflow of ink.
- the porous material for example the sponge body, is seated directly on the element, or the ink outlet, and possibly also surrounds it.
- the transfer point of ink formed by the transfer port from the ink chamber into the container member is provided below the ink outlet formed by the ink discharge braking member. This means that the transfer point between the ink chamber and the container element, or the porous material within the container element, below the Tintenauslasses, for example a screen lies.
- the transfer point of ink formed from the ink chamber into the container element formed by the transition opening viewed from the direction of the removal opening or the plane in which the removal opening lies, is below the ink outlet formed by the element for braking the outflow of the ink is.
- the transfer point of ink formed by the transition opening has a diameter of greater than 5 mm.
- the transfer point is much larger than 5mm.
- the ink container of the present invention in the space of the container member above the ink outlet formed by the ink discharge inhibiting member, for example, a screen through which the ink is discharged to the printing process, the ink is physically held by a porous material such as a sponge and delivered only very strongly delayed.
- a pressure equalization between the containers now takes place, with increasing leakage of ink from the ink chamber into the container element, negative pressure in the remaining space of the cartridge arises.
- the vacuum is too high, the cartridge vented independently and in a suitable degree through the porous material and thus sets the vacuum back down. Since the transfer point of the ink between the two spaces is below the ink outlet, the pressure from the ink chamber does not directly bear on the ink outlet. At the same time, the resulting negative pressure reduces the gravitational force of the ink on the porous material.
- the ink must therefore flow from the free space of the ink container up into the space with the porous material. And this is done according to the law of connected vessels and by capillary action, whereby the braking action of the porous material prevents the uncontrolled release of ink.
- the ink discharge inhibiting member is formed in a manner that the ink can not escape past the discharge opening therethrough.
- the invention is not limited to specific embodiments. It is only important that the element is suitably fastened over the removal opening in such a way that it is not possible for the ink to escape past it through the removal opening.
- the element for braking the outflow of ink is sleeve-shaped, that the side walls of the element are liquid-impermeable and surround the removal opening of the ink chamber, that a first end side of the element is in communication with the removal opening, and the second end face opposite the first end face has or forms the area formed as an ink outlet.
- the porous material located in the container element which is advantageously designed as a single body and arranged in the container element, extends beyond the transition opening out of the container element into the ink chamber.
- the porous material can leak freely into the ink chamber.
- the porous material thus extends outside the transition opening into the free space of the ink chamber.
- the porous material may extend into the area between the container element and the removal opening of the ink chamber. For example, if the bottoms of the ink chamber are still the foothills of the porous material, such as a sponge, the ink pressure is partially absorbed by the porous material.
- the solution according to the invention makes it possible, in particular, to use a vacuum system in an ink container, for example an ink cartridge, based on a new or a used housing, regardless of whether it is obtained by means of a conversion from an ink cartridge with a sponge system or from an ink cartridge with a different negative pressure system ,
- the cartridge in the recycling process can be converted from an already used cartridge.
- This process can for example be done by adhesive, sealant, the application of a suitable sealing plate - either inside or outside - using a suitable heat source which thermally seals the ventilation, using suitable ultrasonic technology, using suitable other closure techniques, using mechanical components, thereby the ventilation is overridden at this point, or the like.
- an element which brakes the outflow of the ink to a suitable extent, for example a sieve or filter.
- This element is suitably mounted over the discharge opening so that it is not possible for the ink to pass past it through the discharge opening.
- the element which delays the outflow of the ink in a suitable manner, around a shell in the form of another container member to install, which separates over a space from the remaining space of the cartridge to the lid.
- This element extends downward beyond the height of the element properly retarding the outlet of the ink, but leaves a suitable connection at the bottom, so that the ink can flow in a suitable manner between the two spaces formed in the cartridge.
- the element is only opened as far as the lid, as it is useful for the ventilation of the system. In the lid itself, an opening for ventilation is to be introduced or the casing to be extended through the lid.
- a space-filling porous element preferably in the form of a single body, which extends below the opening in the free cartridge space. This element is used to delay the flow rate, as a surge tank and for the rest of the cartridge chamber.
- the ink cartridge is suitably sealed so that neither in use nor during transport ink can escape, or by the closure itself pressure changes in the cartridge can be done.
- This process can For example, by adhesive, sealant, the application of suitable components from inside and / or outside, use of a suitable heat source for thermal bonding of materials, use of suitable ultrasonic technology, use of other composite techniques, use of other mechanical components, or the like.
- the filling of the ink cartridge can be done before the cap of the cartridge with appropriate for the intended use of ink.
- the filling can also be introduced after the closure. For this purpose, either an opening in the cartridge or the lid is introduced, through which the ink is filled. This filling opening must then be closed again.
- the filling can also be done by the already existing in the cartridge ventilation opening.
- an ink tank 10 is shown, which is to be an ink cartridge for a printhead of an ink jet printer.
- the ink tank initially has an ink chamber 11 defined by a housing 16, the ink chamber 11 being a non-directly ventilated space.
- ink 12 In the ink chamber 11 there is ink 12.
- ink 12 When ink 12 is removed through a removal opening 14, a region 13 is formed in the ink chamber 11, in which a negative pressure builds up.
- the ink chamber 11 has a size ratio of preferably greater than 3: 1 to the container element 30.
- the container element 30 has side walls 31, a container lid 32 and a container bottom 33.
- a ventilation device for the container element 30 is provided a ventilation device.
- the container element 30 initially has a ventilation opening 34, which is arranged or formed in the container lid 32.
- a ventilation opening 15 is also provided in the housing 16 of the ink chamber 11. Both ventilation openings 15, 34 are connected to one another via a ventilation tube 35 in such a way that ventilation of the container element 30 can take place without, however, directly venting the remaining ink chamber 11.
- the inner space 38 of the container element 30 communicates with the ink chamber 11 via a transition opening 36.
- the transition opening 36 is formed in the bottom element of the container element 30 and thus on the opposite side, on which the ventilation opening 34 is located.
- This transition opening 36 represents the transfer point 37 of ink from the ink chamber 11 into the container element 30. It advantageously has a diameter of greater than 5 mm.
- a porous material 40 in the form of a sponge element, wherein the porous material 40 additionally extends below the transition opening 36 in the free space of the ink chamber 11.
- an element 20 for braking the outflow of ink which should be formed in the example shown as a sieve.
- the element 20 is sleeve-shaped and has a liquid-impermeable side wall 21. With an end face 22, the element 20 is placed above the removal opening 14. The other end face 22 protrudes into the container interior 38 of the container element 30. This end face 23 is formed as an ink outlet.
- the removal opening 14 is thus an element 20 which brakes the outflow of the ink to a suitable extent and is designed as a sieve or filter.
- This element 20 is in a suitable manner over the removal opening 14th attached that the ink is not possible to pass him by the removal opening 14.
- the container element 30 which delays the outflow of the ink in a suitable manner, or the region 23 which forms the ink outlet, around a shell in the form of the further container member 30 is mounted, which has a space 38 from the remaining space of the ink chamber 11 through to the housing 16, such as a lid, separated.
- This container member 30 extends downward at least to the height of the outlet 20 of the ink appropriately retarding the element 20, or its portion 23, which forms the ink outlet 23, but leaves at the bottom 33 a suitable connection in the form of the transition opening 36, so The ink between the two in the cartridge resulting spaces can flow in a suitable manner. Upwards, the container element 30 is opened to the housing 16 of the ink cartridge 10 only as far as it is useful for the ventilation of the system. In the housing 16 itself a useful for ventilation opening 15 is introduced.
- the container interior 38 filling porous material 40 in the form of a sponge element which extends below the opening 36 in the free cartridge space. This element is used to delay the flow rate, as a surge tank and for the rest of the cartridge chamber.
- the ink must therefore flow from the free space of the ink chamber 11 of the cartridge 10 up into the space 38 with the porous material 40. And this is done according to the law of connected vessels and by capillary action, the braking action of the porous material 40 preventing the uncontrolled release of ink.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT09150436T ATE550192T1 (de) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-01-13 | Tintenbehälter |
EP09150436A EP2206604B1 (de) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-01-13 | Tintenbehälter |
PCT/EP2009/060931 WO2010081566A1 (de) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-08-25 | Tintenbehälter |
US13/138,149 US20120069105A1 (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-08-25 | Ink tank |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09150436A EP2206604B1 (de) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-01-13 | Tintenbehälter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2206604A1 true EP2206604A1 (de) | 2010-07-14 |
EP2206604B1 EP2206604B1 (de) | 2012-03-21 |
Family
ID=40591875
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09150436A Not-in-force EP2206604B1 (de) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-01-13 | Tintenbehälter |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20120069105A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2206604B1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE550192T1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2010081566A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102756576A (zh) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-10-31 | 金友弟 | 海棉丝与海棉丝贴章 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0580433A1 (en) | 1992-07-24 | 1994-01-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ink jet cartridge, ink jet head and printer |
DE4328001C2 (de) | 1993-08-20 | 1997-03-20 | Dia Nielsen Gmbh | Tintenbehälter |
DE19603195A1 (de) | 1996-01-30 | 1997-07-31 | Pms Gmbh Prod & Recycling | Tintenpatrone für einen Druckkopf eines Tintenstrahldruckers |
EP1287999A2 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2003-03-05 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Ink delivery system and process for ink jet printing apparatus |
US20050117003A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ink tank and ink supplying apparatus |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100452851B1 (ko) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-10-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 적정 부압이 유지되는 잉크 카트리지 |
JP2005349795A (ja) * | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-22 | Canon Inc | インクカートリッジおよびインクジェット記録装置 |
US7399073B2 (en) * | 2005-05-19 | 2008-07-15 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Ink supply |
JP5008443B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-11 | 2012-08-22 | キヤノン株式会社 | インクジェット記録ヘッドおよびインクジェット記録カートリッジ |
US7938523B2 (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2011-05-10 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Fluid supply tank ventilation for a micro-fluid ejection head |
-
2009
- 2009-01-13 EP EP09150436A patent/EP2206604B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2009-01-13 AT AT09150436T patent/ATE550192T1/de active
- 2009-08-25 WO PCT/EP2009/060931 patent/WO2010081566A1/de active Application Filing
- 2009-08-25 US US13/138,149 patent/US20120069105A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0580433A1 (en) | 1992-07-24 | 1994-01-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ink jet cartridge, ink jet head and printer |
DE4328001C2 (de) | 1993-08-20 | 1997-03-20 | Dia Nielsen Gmbh | Tintenbehälter |
DE19603195A1 (de) | 1996-01-30 | 1997-07-31 | Pms Gmbh Prod & Recycling | Tintenpatrone für einen Druckkopf eines Tintenstrahldruckers |
EP1287999A2 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2003-03-05 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Ink delivery system and process for ink jet printing apparatus |
US20050117003A1 (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ink tank and ink supplying apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2010081566A1 (de) | 2010-07-22 |
US20120069105A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
ATE550192T1 (de) | 2012-04-15 |
EP2206604B1 (de) | 2012-03-21 |
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