EP2206172A1 - Organischer photodetektor mit reduziertem dunkelstrom - Google Patents
Organischer photodetektor mit reduziertem dunkelstromInfo
- Publication number
- EP2206172A1 EP2206172A1 EP08803709A EP08803709A EP2206172A1 EP 2206172 A1 EP2206172 A1 EP 2206172A1 EP 08803709 A EP08803709 A EP 08803709A EP 08803709 A EP08803709 A EP 08803709A EP 2206172 A1 EP2206172 A1 EP 2206172A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- butyl
- alkyl
- layer
- propyl
- sam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
- H10K30/82—Transparent electrodes, e.g. indium tin oxide [ITO] electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/80—Constructional details
- H10K30/81—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic radiation-sensitive element covered by group H10K30/00
- H10K39/30—Devices controlled by radiation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
- H10K85/215—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 comprising substituents, e.g. PCBM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/701—Langmuir Blodgett films
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to an organic photodetector with reduced dark current by introducing a Elektronenblo- ckier Anlagen or barrier layer between the lower electrode and the organic photoactive layer.
- Organic photodetectors based on organic semiconductor materials offer the possibility of producing pixelated flat detectors with high quantum efficiencies (50 to 85%) in the visible region of the spectrum.
- the thin organic layer systems used in this case can be produced inexpensively by known production methods such as spin coating, doctor blading or printing methods and thus enable a price advantage, especially for larger-area devices.
- Promising applications of such organic detector arrays can be found e.g. in medical image recognition as X-ray flat detectors, since here the light of a scintillator layer is typically detected on relatively large areas of at least a few centimeters.
- the organic photodiodes consist e.g. from a vertical layer system: Au electrode / P3HT-PCBMBlend / Ca-Ag electrode.
- the blend of the two components P3HT (absorber and hole transport component) and PCBM (electron acceptor and transport component) acts as a so-called "bulk heterojunction", ie the separation of the charge carriers occurs at the interfaces of the two materials, which are within the entire layer volume train.
- a disadvantage of such detector arrays with large-area, unstructured organic semiconductor layers is that the dark current is significantly higher, especially when using polymeric materials (such as P3HT-PCBM blend) as eg with inorganic flat detectors.
- Typical dark currents of the organic photodiodes at a bias voltage of -5V are in the range of 10 ⁇ 2 to 10 ⁇ 3 mA / cm 2 , while typical currents for amorphous silicon based detectors are below 10 ⁇ 5 mA / cm 2 .
- a low dark current is particularly important if, for example, in the case of X-ray detectors, a high dynamic range must be covered, ie even if very low light intensities above the noise level must be detected. Although a dark current contribution can basically be subtracted from the signal, it always leads to a noise contribution, which limits the dynamic range in measurements with low x-ray doses. So far, therefore, commercial inorganic X-ray flat detectors based on amorphous silicon are used which have a very low dark current of less than 10 -5 mA / cm 2 .
- the hole transport layer or blocking layer is normally used as a "buffer” layer with electrical properties to avoid short circuits due to possible "spikes" in the lower electrode.
- the electrical properties consist of an electron blocking function in the reverse direction and at the same time an unimpeded hole extraction from the lower electrode.
- the substrate glass, a polymer film, metal or the like can be used.
- ne passivation layer or an encapsulation with a transparent film or glass substrate is usually one more ne passivation layer or an encapsulation with a transparent film or glass substrate provided.
- the organic materials are usually applied by spin coating or knife coating.
- spin coating or knife coating In the case of these methods, in the production of multilayer systems there is the problem that when an organic layer is applied to an already existing organic layer, the solvent of the material to be applied on or loosens the existing layer, with the result of a thorough mixing of the materials. So far, no polymer-based photodetector systems with sufficiently low dark current levels are known in the literature.
- the subject of the invention is therefore an organic photodetector comprising an upper and a lower electrode with at least one photoactive layer therebetween, characterized in that an electron blocking layer is arranged between the photoactive layer and the anode, comprising at least one self-assembled SAM layer includes.
- the invention further provides the use of a self-assembling SAM layer between anode and photoactive layer of an organic photodetector, containing at least one monolayer of at least one self-organizing type of molecule, the molecules each having at least one head and an anchor group and a scaffold arranged therebetween.
- SAM Seif Assembled Monolayer
- SAM layers as an electron blocking layer in photodetectors are surprising insofar as the self-organized layers described therein were used as dielectrics, but were known by their specific, two-dimensional arrangement, as very dense layers, so that was not previously suspected, the SAM Layers could be used as hole-conducting and completely transparent layers due to their small thickness, as required between the lower electrode and the photoactive layer in the photodetector.
- the present invention solves the problem of high dark currents by incorporating an additional electron blocking layer or barrier layer which efficiently reduces the dark current caused by negative carriers.
- This layer is realized by SAMs.
- the monolayers are covalently bound to the electrode surface from the gas or liquid phase.
- barrier heights of 4-5 eV are thereby achieved (Ackermann et al, PNAS, 104, 11161 (2007)).
- alkyl-substituted oligothiophenes how the injection properties in an organic semiconductor depend on the length of the alkyl chain (M. Halik et al., Adv., Mater., 15, 917 (2003)).
- the barrier height of the barrier layer can be influenced by length variation of the alkyl chain in SAMs.
- SAMs with a conductive aromatic framework can be used to influence the forward and reverse characteristics, depending on whether the aromatic functionality contains electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents.
- the deposition of a self-assembling monolayer on metals for example, via a chemical reaction, which leads to the formation of a covalent bond between the anchor group of the SAM molecule and the metal layer. Therefore, the adhesion of the SAM layer to the electrode surface is excellent.
- the SAM molecules are linear molecules with a substrate-specific anchor group at one end. They form thin, monomolecular layers on surfaces. The layer thickness is in the range of one molecule length and thus between 0.5 and 5 nm.
- the SAMs chemically and thermally form extremely resistant layers, provided the anchor group and surface are optimally adapted, see also [1] Halik, M .; Klauk, H .; Zschieschang, U., Schmid, G .; Dehm, C, Schütz, M .; Maisch, S .; Effenberger, F .; Brunnbauer, M .; Stellacci, F.; "Low-voltage organic transistors with an amorphous molecular gate dielectric", Nature 431 (2004) 963-966 and [2] Xia, Y .; Whitesides G.M .; Softlithography, Angew. Chem. 110 (1998) 568-594.
- the head group can also be selected from the set of anchor groups.
- alkyl methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl , tert-butyl, as well as their branched and / or unbranched higher homologues.
- R 1, R 2 and R 3 is not H.
- R 4 HH, Cl, Br, J, OH, O-SiRiR 2 R 3 ; O-alkyl, wherein alkyl methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, l-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and their branched and / or unbranched higher homologues.
- alkyl methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, l-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and their branched and / or unbranched higher homologues.
- R 1 , R 2 R 3 are analogous to 1. In the case of 0-SiRiR 2 R 3 , R 1, R 2 , R 3 should only be alkyl or H.
- alkyl methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl Butyl, and their branched and / or unbranched higher homologues.
- groups such as benzyl, or unsaturated alkenyl groups.
- the Phosphonsaureanker represents the most preferred variant.
- alkyl methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and their branched and / or unbranched higher homologues.
- alkyl methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, and their branched and / or unbranched higher homologues.
- alkyl methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, sec-but
- the molecular chain determines the electrical properties of the self-assembling monolayer.
- the use as a dielectric has been extensively studied DE 10328 811 A1, DE 10328810 A1, DE 10 2004 025 423 A1, DE 10 2004 022 603 A1, US 02005 01 89536 A1.
- Alkyl chains having 2 to 20 carbon atoms in the chain more preferably 10 to 18.
- Fluorinated alkyl chains having 2 to 20 carbon atoms in the chain more preferably 10 -18.
- the aryl groups have a particularly advantageous effect by the formation of ⁇ - ⁇ interactions on the stability of the SAM on the metal surface.
- the aryl groups can be substituted or be unsubstituted.
- the substituents are alkyl groups (fluorinated, unsaturated, halogens, S, N, P-containing).
- d. instead of an alkyl chain, it is also possible to use a polyethylene glycol or polyethylene diamine chain. e. Mixed variants from a - e.
- the physical properties of the SAM layer such as conductivity, barrier effect, location of the HOMO / LUMO levels, transparency, etc., can be specifically adjusted.
- the variants of the alkyl chains and the fluorinated alkyl chains carry a methyl- or fluorinated alkyl chain as the head group.
- SAM stabilizing aromatic head groups are exemplary embodiments in the context of the invention. Particularly preferred is the phenoxy group.
- the possibility of deposition from the gas phase is particularly advantageous.
- the substrate is exposed in a vacuum recipient to the diluted or undiluted vapors of the corresponding compound for 0.1 to 10 minutes.
- the preferred pressure is between 10 ⁇ 8 - 1000 mbar.
- For dilution serve noble gases such as He, Ne, Ar, Kr or Xe or inert gases such as N 2 .
- the preferred temperature is below 200 ° C.
- the silanes can generally be vaporized directly.
- the phosphonic acid, carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid anchors their esters or reactive derivatives are particularly preferred since they are easier to evaporate.
- excess material is removed by pumping off or heating the substrate and possibly by subsequent rinsing.
- the deposition of the next metal layer can then take place in the same vacuum recipient.
- the SAM compound can also be applied from solution. Following the deposition, optionally a temperature step and / or exposure step is inserted, to complete the chemical reaction. Then we rinse the coated substrate with solvent to rinse off any surplus and not bound to the surface SAM materials.
- the SAM compound is dissolved for the separation from solution in a concentration of 0.01-1000 mmol in a solvent or mixtures of these.
- Hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, etc., benzene, toluene, xylene, cresol, tetralin, decalin, etc.
- Chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, etc.
- Alcohols such as methanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, butanol, etc. d.
- Ethers and cyclic ethers such as diethyl ether, diphenyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane e.
- Esters such as ethyl acetate f. Dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-
- the deposition of the SAM on the surface is practically spontaneous.
- FIG. 1 shows a standard layer system of an organic photodetector.
- the lower electrode 2 which, for example, forms the anode and is made of gold.
- the organic photoactive layer 3 for example composed of a blend of two materials, polymer and plastic sized.
- the conclusion forms the upper electrode 4, for example, the cathode made of calcium with an aluminum cover layer.
- FIG. 3 shows a potential level diagram for the device structure according to the invention with an additional electron-blocking layer, for example between the lower electrode and the hole transport layer or the organic photoactive layer.
- the HOMO level of the electron-blocking layer is close to the HOMO level of the hole-transport component and, at the same time, close to the energy level of the anode material, so that as far as possible no additional barrier is created for hole extraction.
- the HOMO-LUMO distance is at the same time so high (> 2.5 eV) that the LUMO level represents a barrier for the negative charge carriers. Shown with arrows are the two unwanted processes, electron injection at the anode and hole injection at the cathode, both of which can contribute to the dark current and of which the first is substantially reduced by the additional electron blocking layer or barrier layer.
- the organic photodetector may also be inversely configured such that the SAM layer, when mounted on the lower electrode, connects to the cathode.
- a SAM layer for example, in addition, may be arranged between the photoactive layer and the upper electrode.
- the invention shows for the first time the applicability of SAM layers in organic photodetectors.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007046444A DE102007046444A1 (de) | 2007-09-28 | 2007-09-28 | Organischer Photodetektor mit reduziertem Dunkelstrom |
| PCT/EP2008/061739 WO2009043683A1 (de) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-05 | Organischer photodetektor mit reduziertem dunkelstrom |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2206172A1 true EP2206172A1 (de) | 2010-07-14 |
Family
ID=40014346
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08803709A Withdrawn EP2206172A1 (de) | 2007-09-28 | 2008-09-05 | Organischer photodetektor mit reduziertem dunkelstrom |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100207112A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2206172A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007046444A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009043683A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2960703B1 (fr) * | 2010-05-28 | 2012-05-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif optoelectronique avec electrode enterree |
| DE102011077961A1 (de) * | 2011-06-22 | 2012-12-27 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Schwachlichtdetektion mit organischem fotosensitivem Bauteil |
| FR2977719B1 (fr) | 2011-07-04 | 2014-01-31 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de type photodiode contenant une capacite pour la regulation du courant d'obscurite ou de fuite |
| DE102014110978A1 (de) * | 2014-08-01 | 2016-02-04 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Organisches Licht emittierendes Bauelement |
| US9515276B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 | 2016-12-06 | General Electric Company | Organic X-ray detector and X-ray systems |
| US9535173B2 (en) | 2014-09-11 | 2017-01-03 | General Electric Company | Organic x-ray detector and x-ray systems |
| KR102309884B1 (ko) | 2015-07-31 | 2021-10-07 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 유기광검출기 및 이미지센서 |
| KR102491494B1 (ko) | 2015-09-25 | 2023-01-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 유기 광전 소자용 화합물 및 이를 포함하는 유기 광전 소자 및 이미지 센서 |
| KR102529631B1 (ko) | 2015-11-30 | 2023-05-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 유기 광전 소자 및 이미지 센서 |
| FR3046496B1 (fr) | 2016-01-05 | 2018-04-27 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Photoresistance a sensibilite amelioree |
| KR102557864B1 (ko) | 2016-04-06 | 2023-07-19 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 화합물, 및 이를 포함하는 유기 광전 소자, 이미지 센서 및 전자 장치 |
| US10236461B2 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2019-03-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Organic photoelectronic device and image sensor |
| KR102605375B1 (ko) | 2016-06-29 | 2023-11-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 유기 광전 소자 및 이미지 센서 |
| KR102589215B1 (ko) | 2016-08-29 | 2023-10-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 유기 광전 소자, 이미지 센서 및 전자 장치 |
| US10370247B2 (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2019-08-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Contacting molecular components |
| US11145822B2 (en) | 2017-10-20 | 2021-10-12 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Compound and photoelectric device, image sensor, and electronic device including the same |
| KR20200030880A (ko) | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-23 | 한국생산기술연구원 | 암전류를 감소시키기 위한 버퍼층을 구비한 유기 광전 소자 및 전자 장치 |
| KR102697325B1 (ko) * | 2019-07-26 | 2024-08-26 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 광 센서, 광 센서의 제조 방법 및 광 센서를 포함하는 표시 장치 |
| TWI790168B (zh) | 2022-05-11 | 2023-01-11 | 天光材料科技股份有限公司 | 圖案化半導體層之方法 |
| TWI808759B (zh) | 2022-05-13 | 2023-07-11 | 天光材料科技股份有限公司 | 電極連接結構及其形成方法 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1007349B1 (de) * | 1995-11-22 | 2004-09-29 | THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, as represented by THE SECRETARY OF THE NAVY | Leitende gemusterte polymeroberfläche, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und diese enthaltende anordnungen |
| NO312867B1 (no) | 1999-06-30 | 2002-07-08 | Penn State Res Found | Anordning til elektrisk kontaktering eller isolering av organiske eller uorganiske halvledere, samt fremgangsmåte til densfremstilling |
| US6335539B1 (en) | 1999-11-05 | 2002-01-01 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for improving performance of organic semiconductors in bottom electrode structure |
| DE10328810B4 (de) | 2003-06-20 | 2005-10-20 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Syntheseverfahren für eine Verbindung zur Bildung einer selbstorganisierenden Monolage, Verbindung zur Bildung einer selbstorganisierenden Monolage und eine Schichtstruktur für ein Halbleiterbauelement |
| DE10328811B4 (de) * | 2003-06-20 | 2005-12-29 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verbindung zur Bildung einer selbstorganisierenden Monolage, Schichtstruktur, Halbleiterbauelement mit einer Schichtstruktur und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Schichtstruktur |
| DE102004009600B4 (de) | 2004-02-27 | 2008-04-03 | Qimonda Ag | Selbstorganisierende organische Dielektrikumsschichten auf der Basis von Phosphonsäure-Derivaten |
| DE102004022603A1 (de) * | 2004-05-07 | 2005-12-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Ultradünne Dielektrika und deren Anwendung in organischen Feldeffekt-Transistoren |
| DE102004025423B4 (de) * | 2004-05-24 | 2008-03-06 | Qimonda Ag | Dünnfilm-Feldeffekt-Transistor mit Gate-Dielektrikum aus organischem Material und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| WO2006019502A2 (en) | 2004-06-21 | 2006-02-23 | Dynamic Organic Light, Inc. | Materials and methods of derivitzation of electrodes for improved electrical performance of oled display devices |
| WO2006116584A2 (en) * | 2005-04-27 | 2006-11-02 | Dynamic Organic Light, Inc. | Light emitting polymer devices using self-assembled monolayer structures |
| US20090107539A1 (en) | 2005-08-02 | 2009-04-30 | Adeka Corporation | Photoelectric device |
| WO2007017475A1 (de) | 2005-08-08 | 2007-02-15 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Organischer photodetektor mit erhöhter empfindlichkeit, sowie verwendung eines triarylmin-fluoren-polymers als zwischenschicht in einem photodetektor |
| CN101283454B (zh) * | 2005-08-25 | 2011-02-23 | 爱德华·萨金特 | 具有增强的增益和灵敏度的量子点光学器件 |
| EP1974401A1 (de) * | 2006-01-21 | 2008-10-01 | Merck Patent GmbH | Elektronisches kurzkanalbauelement mit einer organischen halbleiterformulierung |
| US7960040B2 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2011-06-14 | Fujifilm Corporation | Organic electroluminescence device |
| DE102006046210B4 (de) | 2006-09-29 | 2013-03-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines organischen Photodetektors |
| JP4242410B2 (ja) * | 2006-11-02 | 2009-03-25 | シグマ株式会社 | インペラの製造法及びそのインペラ |
| WO2008072368A1 (ja) * | 2006-12-15 | 2008-06-19 | Okamoto Glass Co., Ltd. | 可視光用ガラス偏光子 |
-
2007
- 2007-09-28 DE DE102007046444A patent/DE102007046444A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2008
- 2008-09-05 US US12/680,586 patent/US20100207112A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-09-05 WO PCT/EP2008/061739 patent/WO2009043683A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-09-05 EP EP08803709A patent/EP2206172A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009043683A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20100207112A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
| DE102007046444A1 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
| WO2009043683A1 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
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